Devi Mahatmyam English Transliteration PDF

THE GLORY OF THE GODDESS
devi mhtmyam
durg saptaati cadi path
THIRUGNANAM
The IAST transliteration adopted here is relatively easy to
foreword master, especially when simultaneously listened with the Dev
Mhtmyam audio recitation.
Special thanks and acknowledgement to Dr. Satya Prakash

Choudary for his comprehensive and enlightening article;
The Glory of the Goddess-Devi Mahatmyam.
Special thanks and acknowledgement to Ajit Krishnan,

Mahadeva S Sarma, PVR Narasimha and Rajarshi Nandy.
Their invaluable commentaries sourced from various
discussion forums have been incorporated in the notes.
Please read the pronunciation guide section first, to

familiarise with the basic nuances of Sanskrit vocal sounds.
Some key transliteration characters have been color coded
and also long words have breaks indicated to assist
sarva magala mgalye ive sarvrtha sdhike | pronunciation.
araya tryambake gauri nryai namostu te ||
Audio clips (available only with iBook applications) are also
This dedication has been undertaken as an offering to the included for selected sections to help with vedic
lotus feet of Adi Parashakti, the Supreme Being and Divine pronunciation.
Mother.
Please visit the link below for Dev Mhtmyam audio files,
The aim is to share the sacred Durg Saptaat (Durgs commentaries, translations and other related resources:
700), which is also known as the Dev Mhtmyam (The
www.facebook.com/devi.mahatmyam
Greatness of the Goddess) and the Cad Ptha (Cads
devimahatmyam@me.com
Text) through the use of romanized Sanskrit with Devi
devotees, who may not be proficient in Sanskrit.
i
DEVI MHTMYA The Dev Mhtmyam scripture constitutes chapters 81-93 of
the Markandeya Purana. It is basically in a form of dialogue
paramaakti between Markandeya and Kroshtuki.
The episodes revealed in Dev Mhtmyam have a deeper

inner meaning and metaphorical significance. The esoteric
meaning of the battle between the gods and the demons
signifies the perceptual conflict between righteous and
unrighteous urges; the opposing psychic forces within all of
us.
Readers are encouraged to read the many available

commentaries on Saptaat to understand its highly esoteric
%&( %&( ( 0 | significance. The Guptavati by Sri Bhaskaraya is highly
245( 7( 8 2 : || recommended.
The Vedas say that Adi Shakti extends in all and contains all,
and She gives birth to the gods and the goddess. Whatever
the god one worships, one worships only the Shakti.
The Divine Mother Parashakti is the Eternal Infinite

Consciousness, who created and manifested as the universe.
All the gods and goddesses are her manifestations.
The Dev Mhtmyam, like the Vedas, is not originated by

man. It has no beginning. This scripture can claim to be the
repository of mantras.
2
DEVI MHTMYA The Dev Mhtmyam has the ability to grant the fruits as per
the individual aspirations. One who does sadhana with a
phalaruti specific desire in mind achieves whatever he aspires for,
while one who does sadhana without any expectation or
desire, achieves final liberation.
In the final chapter, it is revealed that the king Suratha was

bestowed with prosperity whereas the merchant Samadhi
was conferred with divine knowledge; all according to their
individual aspirations.
Matsya Purana prescribes recitation of Dev Mhtmyam

three times for cure of physical ailments, five times for relief
s ycit ca vijna tu ddhi prayacchati from malefic planets; seven times for relief from impending
DM 12:37 disaster; nine times for ensuring peace; eleven times for
winning royal favours; twelve times for overpowering foes;
If pleased, she confers both earthly prosperity as well as twenty five times for release from prison; thirty times for cure
Wisdom. from cancer; a hundred times for relief from great dishonour;
one thousand times to mitigate loss of wealth and for steady
prosperity etc.
3
DEVI MHTMYA many limitations. In Sanskrit we say,svabhavo vijayati iti
shauryam-'the true heroism is to conquer your own nature.'
Kali, Lakshmi and Sarasvati
Only the 'nature' of Adya Herself (which is Nature itself) is

unlimited; everyone elses 'nature' (and experience) is limited.
Though it is almost unlimited (and is almost infinitely less
limited than is any human's nature) Kali's 'nature' is
predominantly restricted to death and transformation. Kali
therefore often appears as one of a triumvirate of goddesses
who divide among themselves all substance and action in the
cosmos. Kali's companions in this group areLakshmi,
Kali is one personality of the multiform personality that is goddess of wealth and prosperity, andSarasvati, goddess of
Adya. Adya, the original shakti, the foundation of everything, knowledge.
projected from the Absolute, and owes Her very existence to
that Absolute. No matter how extensive Her manifestation Lakshmi, who is the embodiment of Maya Shakti, represents
may becomes She continually craves reunion with the the projection of shakti into theadhibhautika, the physical,
Absolute, and when she merges again with the Absolute the external world. Sarasvati's shakti, which encourages the
universe dissolves. Adya, Ma, Great Goddess: call Her what progressive transformation of Maya into Chit, manifests in
you will, She is Nature itself, the Creator, Preserver and theadhyatmika, the spiritual, which is subtle, ethereal. Kali
Destroyer of the universes. exists in the astral world, theadhidaivikarealm of
impressions, perceptions and images that exists where Chit
The job of Nature (in Sanskrit,prakriti) is to give form and Shakti sports between the physical and spiritual spheres.
limits to consciousness, to finitize awareness. In the human
contextprakritirepresents your 'first action' (pra+kriti), the courtesy of Robert E. Svoboda (When Kali Comes to Call)
choice of action which you naturally, instinctively make when
you are confronted by some need to act. This innate 'nature,'
which is inborn in each of us, present in our genetic material,
controls how we experience the world. Until you have
conquered this innate nature, you will have to experience its
4
DEVI MHTMYA The recitation of Dev Mhtmyams 13 chapters can be done in
several ways:
recitation methods 1. All 13 chapters continuously in one sitting
2. In a span of 3 days
Day 1 Prathama charitra (chapter 1)

Day 2 Madhyama charitra (chapters 2, 3, 4)
Day 3 Uttara charitra (chapters 5 to 13)
3. In a span of 9 days
C HARITRAS
One reading of the text in 3 days as above,followed by 2 more
1. Prathama charitra repetitions in the next 6 daysthus completing 3 readings of the text in
Chapter 1 - attributed to Maha Kl
9 days
2. Madhyama charitra
Chapters 2, 3, 4 - attributed to Maha Lakshmi 4. In a span of 7 days
3. Uttara charitra
Chapters 5 to 13 - attributed to Maha Sarasvati Day 1 - Chapter 1
Day 2 - Chapters 2 & 3
Day 3 - Chapter 4
Day 4 - Chapters 5, 6, 7 & 8
Day 6 - Chapter 11
5. If there is no time to read all 13 chapters, at least the Madhyama

Charitra (chapters 2, 3, 4) can be recited.
v
Those who cannot do regular parayana can recite Dev Mhtmyam at
least on selected auspicious weekdays, lunar days or Navaratri nights.
Tuesdays, Fridays and Saturdays are considered auspicious for

reciting the Dev Mhtmyam.
8th, 9th and 14th lunar days (Ashtami, Navami and Chaturdasi) are
considered auspicious.
The 9 days of Sharad Navaratri and Vasanta Navaratri are extremely

auspicious times of the year for Dev Mhtmyam.
vi
DEVI MHTMYA The order of recitation may be different among various traditions. One
method uses the following order:
recitation order 1. poddhra and utklana
2. kavacham
3. argal stotra
4. klakam
5. navakshari japam
6. vedoktartri sktam
7. dev mhtmyam
8. navkari japam
9. gvedokta dev sktam
10. kujik stotram
11. kam prrthan
The dev sktam and rtri sktam also have alternate tantric/pauranic
versions apart from the Vedic suktas.
vii
PRELIMINARY SLOKAS
preliminary
slokas
S ECTION 1
Overview
Kavacha, Argala and Keelakam

The three - Kavacha, Argala and Keelakam are considered integral part of the
Chandipaath. This is because the sadhana is designed along the guidelines of ShaktA
tradition.
The core 700 verses of the main text can awaken Shakti in a very furious and volatile
manner which can be too overwhelming or at times dangerous or raw for a seeker to
handle.
Hence the need for Kavacha - in order to protect against any disturbance. Another thing
that every sincere seeker will face are interaction with various forces whose only aim of
existence - their own peculiar dharma - is to break the sadhana at any cost. They can use
weaknesses within and without the seeker to serve their own ends.
Then the Argala - bolt - asking for a particular form of intervention of that Shakti in the
seeker's life. Remember that our scriptures talk not only of Moksha but also Dharma,
Artha and Kama. The untempered Shakti of the Chandipaath can be too daunting unless
one has gone beyond ALL desires. But since most are yet to reach that stage, hence the
Argala is a process of asking that Powerful and Divine Shakti to work in a specific manner
to help the seeker. Shakti - uncontrolled - is like a sword that can cut through anything
and everything, good or bad. Dharma/adharma makes little difference. Hence the best
Shaktiman is one who is in perfect detachment, at all times, unwavering steadiness of
mind and chitta.
Then comes the Keelakam. This is a crucial part of the Tantric process. The seeker is
trying to fix the energy of the mantras into a specific areas instead of letting it scatter.
All these are necessary at the initial stages of awakening Shakti. Unless the Shakti is tied
to a place, it will take a huge amount of time to build up to a reasonable strength. So that
is why these three were/are considered crucial part of the Chandipaath.
Rajarshi Nandi
9
S ECTION 2 poddhra mantra
(repeat mantra 7 times)
s apoddhara & utkilana o hr kl r kr kr caik devyai pan.nugraha kuru

kuru svh
utklana mantra
(repeat mantra 21 times)
o r kl hr saptaati caik utklana kuru kuru svh
PODDHRA & UTKLANA
mantra to obtain emancipation from all adverse restraints and to obtain key
to unlock saptaati
10
PRELIMINARY SLOKAS o asya r cadkavacasya brahm i anuup chanda cmu
devat agany sokta mtaro bjam digbandha devats tattvam r
dev kavacam jagadamb prtyarthe saptaat phgat vena jape viniyoga |
o namacadikyai
mrkaeya uvca
o yadguhya parama loke sarva rak karam nm |

yanna kasya cidkhyta tanme brhi pitmaha || 1 ||
brahmovca
KAVACAM
The kavacam, is a prayer acting as an armor effectuating the Divine asti guhyatama vipra sarva bhtopakrakam |
protection. The kavacam is also used to guard and protect the body and devystu kavaca puya tacchuva mahmune || 2 ||
ward off illness.
The body of the sadhaka, is the receptacle for the play of the Divine. It has to
be made strong to resist the onslaughts of the forces that stand in the way of prathama ailaputr ca dvitya brahmacri |
spiritual progress.
ttya candra ghateti kmdeti caturthakam || 3 ||
pacama skandamteti saha ktyyanti ca |

saptama klartrti mahgaurti camam || 4 ||
navama siddhidtr ca navadurg prakrtith |

uktnyetni nmni brahmaaiva mahtman || 5 ||
agnin dahyamnastu atrumadhye gato rae |

viame durgame caiva bhayrt araa gat || 6 ||
na te jyate kicidaubha raasakae |

npada tasya paymi oka dukha bhaya na h || 7 ||
yaistu bhakty smt nna te vddhi prajyate |

ye tvm smaranti deve rakase tnna saaya || 8 ||
pretasasth tu cmu vrh mahisan |

aindr gaja samrh vainav garusan || 9 ||
11
mhevar vrh kaumr ikhivhan | akhin cakuor madhye rotrayordvravsin |
lakm padmsan dev padmahast haripriy || 10 || kapolau klik raket karamle tu kar || 23
veta rpadhar dev var va vhan | nsiky sugandh ca uttarohe ca carcik |

brhm hasa samrh sarvbharaa bhit || 11 || adhare cmtakal jihvy ca sarasvat || 24
ityet mtara sarv sarvayoga samanvit | dantn rakatu kaumr kahadee tu caik |
nnbharaaobhhy nnratno paobhit || 12 || ghaik citragha ca mahmy ca tluke || 25
dyante rathamrh devya krodhasamkul | kmk cibuka raked vca me sarvamagal |

akha cakra gad akti halam ca musalyudham || 13 || grvy bhadrakl ca pthavae dhanurddhar || 26
kheaka tomara caiva parau pameva ca | nlagrv bahi kathe nalik nalakbar |
kuntyudha triula ca rgamyudhamuttamam || 14 || skandayo khagin raked bh me vajradhri || 27
daityn dehanya bhaktnmabhayya ca | hastayor dain raked ambik cgulu ca |

dhrayantyyu dhnttha devn ca hitya vai || 15 || nakhchulevar raket kukau raket kulevar || 28
namastestu mahraudre mahghoraparkrame | stanau raken mahdev mana okavinin |

mahbale mahotshe mahbhaya vinini || 16 || hdaye lalit dev udare uladhri || 29
trhi m devi duprekye atr bhayavarddhini | nbhau ca kmin raked guhya guhyevar tath |
prcy rakatu mmaindr gneyym agni devat || 17 || ptan kmik mehra gudhe mahiavhin || 30
dakievatu vrh nairtym khagadhri | kay bhagavat rakej jnun vindhyavsin |

pratcy vru rake dvyavy mgavhin || 18 || jaghe mahbal raket sarvakmapradyin || 31
udcym ptu kaumr ainy ladhri | gulphayor nrasih ca pdaphe tu taijas |

rdhva brahmi me raked adhastd vaiav tath || 19 pdgulu r raket pddhastalavsin || 32
eva daa dio rakeccmu avavhan | nakhn darakarl ca keacaivordhvakein |

jay me cgrata ptu vijay ptu phata || 20 romakpeu kauber tvaca vgvar tath || 33
ajit vmaprve tu dakie cparjit | raktamajjvasmsn yasthi medsi prvat |

ikhmudyotin raked um mrdhni vyavasthit || 21 antri klartrica pitta ca mukutevar || 34
mldhar lalte ca bhruvau raked yaasvin | padmvat padmakoe kaphe cmais tath |
trinetr ca bhruvor madhye yamagha ca nsike || 22 jvlmukh nakhajvl mabhedy sarva sandhiu || 35
12
ukra brahmi me rakec chy chatrevar tath | nayanti vydhaya sarve ltvisphoakdaya |
ahakra mano buddhi rakenme dharmadhrin || 36 sthvara jagama caiva ktrima cpi yadviam || 48
pr pnau tath vyna mudna ca samnakam | abhicri sarvi mantra yantri bhtale |
vajra hast ca me raket pram kalyaobhan || 37 bhcar khecar caiva jalajco padeik || 49
rase rpe ca gandhe ca abde spare ca yogin | sahaj kulaj ml dkin kin tath |
sattva rajas tamacaiva raken nrya sad || 38 antarika car ghor dkinyaca mahbal || 50
ay rakatu vrh dharma rakatu vaiav | graha bhta picca yaka gandharva rkas |
yaa krti ca lakm ca dhana vidym ca cakri || 39 brahma rkasa vetl km bhairavdaya || 51
gotramindrn me raket pame raka caike | nayanti daranttasya kavace hdi sasthite |
putrn raken mahlakmr bhry rakatu bhairav || 40 mnonnatir bhaved rjas tejo vddhi kara param || 52
panthna supath raken mrga kemakar tath | yaas varddhate sopi krti maita bhtale |
rjadvre mahlakmr vijay sarvata sthit || 41 japet saptaat ca ktv tu kavaca pur || 53
rakhna tu yat sthna varjita kavacena tu | yvad bhmaala dhatte saaila vana knanam |
tat sarva raka me devi jayant ppanin || 42 tvat tihati mediny santati putra pautrik || 54
padameka na gacchettu yadcchecchubha mtmana | dehnte parama sthna yat surairapi durlabham |
kavacen vto nitya yatra yatraiva gacchati || 43 prpnoti puruo nitya mahmy prasdata || 55
tatra tatrrtha lbhaca vijaya srva kmika | labhate parama rpa ivena saha modate || 56
ya ya cintayate kma ta ta prpnoti nicitam |
paramaivaryamatula prpsyate bhtale pumn || 44 o
nirbhayo jyate martya sagrmevaparjita |

trailokye tu bhavet pjya kavacenvta pumn || 45
ida tu devy kavaca devnmapi durlabham |

ya pahet prayato nitya trisandhya raddhaynvita || 46
daiv kal bhavettasya trailokyevaparjita |

jved varaata sgra mapamtyu vivarjita || 47
13
PRELIMINARY SLOKAS o asya r argal stotra mah mantrasya
viur i anuup chanda r mahlakmr devat
argal stotram r jagadamb prtyarthe saptaat phgat vena jape viniyoga |
o namacadikyai
mrkaeya uvca
jayant magal kl bhadrakl kaplin |

durg kam iv dhtr svh svadh namostu te || 1
ARGALA
Argala means a bolt, the knowledge of which is necessary to open the door to jaya tva devi cmue jaya bhtrtihrii |
the secrets sealed within Saptashati. jaya sarvagate devi klartri namostu te || 2
give the form/beauty (rpa), give the victory, give the fame, kill the enemies
madhu kaiabha vidrvi vidht varade nama |

rpa dehi jaya dehi yao dehi dvio jahi || 3
mahisura niri bhaktn sukade nama |

raktabjavadhe devi caamua vinini |

umbhasyaiva niumbhasya dhmrkasya ca mardini |

vanditghiyuge devi sarva saubhgya dyini |

acintya rpa carite sarva atru vinini |

siddha mantra to obtain bhakti and elimination of sins
natebhya sarvad bhakty caike duritpahe |

14
stuvadbhyo bhaktiprva tv caike vydhinini || devi bhakta janoddmadattnandodayembike |
rpa dehi jaya dehi yao dehi dvio jahi || 10 rpa dehi jaya dehi yao dehi dvio jahi || 23
caike satata ye tvmarcayantha bhaktita | patn manoram dehi manovttnusrim |

rpa dehi jaya dehi yao dehi dvio jahi || 11 tri durga sasra sgarasya kulodbhavm || 24
dehi saubhgyamrogya dehi me parama sukha | ida stotram pahitv tu mahstotra pahen nara |
rpa dehi jaya dehi yao dehi dvio jahi || 12 sa tu saptaat sakhy varampnoti sampadm || 25
vidhehi dviat na vidhehi balamuccakai | o

vidhehi devi kalya vidhehi param riya |

sursura iroratna nigha caraembike |

vidyvanta yaasvanta lakmvanta jana kuru |

pracaadaitya darpaghne caike praatya me |

caturbhuje caturvaktra sastute paramevari |

kena sastute devi avadbhakty sadmbike |

himcala sutntha sastute paramevari |

indrpati sadbhva pjite paramevari |

devi pracaa dordaa daitya darpa vinini |

15
PRELIMINARY SLOKAS o asya r klaka mantrasya iva i anuup chanda r
mahsarasvat devat r jagadamb prtyartha saptaat phgat
kilakam vena jape viniyoga |
o namacadikyai
mrkaeya uvca
viuddha jna dehya trived divya cakue |

reyaprpti nimittya nama somrddha dhrie || 1
KLAKAM
sarva metad vijniyn mantrm abhi klakam |
For the recitation of saptaat to be effective, a certain condition had to be fulfilled
and this is mentioned in the klakam sopi kemamavpnoti satata jpyatatpara || 2
The sadhaka should offer all of his being unreservedly to the Divine Mother. siddhyantyuccandni vastni sakalnyapi |
etena stuvat dev stotra mtrea siddhyati || 3
na mantro nauadha tatra na kicidapi vidyate |

vin jpyena siddhyeta sarva muccandikam || 4
samagryapi siddhyanti loka akmim hara |

ktv nimantra ymsa sarvamevamida ubham || 5
stotram vai cadkystu tacca gupta cakra sa |

samptirna ca puyasya tm yath vanni yantram || 6
sopi kema mavpnoti sarvameva na saaya |

ky v caturdaym aamy v samhita || 7
dadti prati grhti nnyathai prasdati |

ittha rpea klena mahdevena klitam || 8
yo nikl vidhyain nitya japati sasphuam |

sa siddha sa gaa sopi gandharvo jyate nara || 9
16
na caivp yaatastasya bhaya kvpha jyate |
npa mtyu vaa yti mto mokama vpnuyt || 10
jtv prrabhya kurvta na kurvo vinayati |

tato jtvaiva sampannam ida prrabhyate budhai || 11
saubhgydi ca yatkicid dyate lalanjane |

tat sarva tat prasdena tena jpyamida ubham || 12
anaistu japyamnesmin stotre sampatti ruccakai |

bhavat yeva samagrpi tatah prrabhyam eva tat || 13
aivarya yat prasdena saubhgyrogya sampada |

atruhni paro moka styate s na ki janai || 14
17
PRELIMINARY SLOKAS o asya r navra mantrasya
(alternate: asya r chad mahlakm mah mantrasya)
navkari nysa brahma viu rudr raya

gyatry uig anuub chandsi
r mahkl mahlakm mahsarasvatyo devat
a bja
hrm akti
kl klakam
r mahkl mahlakm mahsarasvati prtyarthe
navra siddhyarthe jape viniyoga |
NAVKARI NYSA
Once the nysa is done, the entire body of the sadhaka belongs to the Divine,
and the sadhaka has no claim over it. Perform the japa with this attitude.
18
PRELIMINARY SLOKAS rtrt sktasya kuika i gyatr chanda rtridevat r jagadamb
prtyarthe jape viniyoga |
vedoktartri sktam o
rtr vyakhya dyat purutr devy(a..a)kabhi |

viv adhi riyodhita || 1
orvapr amarty nivato devy(u..u)dvata |

jyoti bdhate tama || 2
niru svasramasktoasa devy yat |

VEDOKTARTRI SKTAM apedu hsate tama || 3
The 127th sukta in the 10th Mandala of the Rig Veda.
s no adya yasy vaya ni te ymannavikmahi |
vke na vasati vaya || 4
ni grmso avikata ni padvanto ni pakia |

niyensacidarthina || 5
yvay vky(a..a)vka yavaya stena mrmye |

ath na sutar bhava || 6
vedoktartri sktam audio
upa m pepiattama ka vyaktamasthita |
uaeva ytaya || 7
upa te g ivkara vnva duhitardiva |

rtr stoma na jigyue || 8
19
PRELIMINARY SLOKAS o ai aguthbhy nama
o hrm tarjanbhy nama
navkari kara nysa o
o
kl madhyambhy nama
cmuyai anmikbhy nama
o vicce kanithikbhy nama
o ai hr kl cmuyai vicce
karatalakara phbhy astrya pha
aguthbhy :
While saying this phrase, place the nails of your thumbs at the base of your forefingers; slowly trace a
line with the thumbnails from the base to the tip of your forefingers.
middle finger
ring finger
pinkie
karatalakara phbhy astrya pha :
Using the backs of your right fingernails, gently trace lines from the base of the left palm (or some even
go to elbow) to the left fingertips. Now do the same, using the left fingertips on the right palm (or
elbow). Do 2-3 times, until you've finished saying.
20
PRELIMINARY SLOKAS o ai hdayya nama
o hrm irase svh
navkari hdaydi (anga) o kl ikhyai vaa
o cmuyai kavacya hu
nysa o vicce netratrayya vaua
karatalakara phbhy astrya pha
o bhrbhuvassuvaro | itidikbanda -
top of head
back of head
clasp upper part of arms just below shoulder with arms crossed at chest
3 eyes
While saying this, trace a clockwise circle around your body using your right hand. Clockwise as if you
were looking down on your head from above. As you say "phat", you can clap your hands loudly and
decisively either once or 3 times. Clapping loudly is considered to break up any stagnant or negative
energy patterns in the room, and to scatter any uncooperative entities in the area. So do this with a firm
will and determination that nothing is going to deter you from your purpose of chanting Mother's sacred
names. (Astra means a fiery missile, so here we are tracing a subtle circular shield of fire, to protect us
while we practice. Phat is a powerful sound of expelling and repelling negative energy.)
While saying this, you can again pass your right hand in a clockwise circle above and around your
body. While doing this, you can snap your fingers. Traditionally, ones snaps in each of the 10 directions
(front, front-right, right, right-back, back, left-back, left, front-left, up, and down). But you can just snap
a bunch of times and mentally think of the 10 directions. ("Bhurbhuvassuvarom" contains 4 words,
bhuhu, bhuvaha, suvaha, and Om. These are the same 4 words in the first line of Gayatri Mantra.
Bhuhu refers to the Earth, bhuvaha refers to the next level or loka, and suvaha refers to a level higher
than that, like a heaven or astral realm. By snapping in all directions, we protect ourselves from
unnecessary intrusions that might come from any direction
21
PRELIMINARY SLOKAS dhynam
navkari dhynam khaga cakra gades cpa parigh chla bhuud ira
akha sadadhat karai strinayan sarvga bhvtm |
nlmadyutimsya pda daak seve mahklk
ymastaut svapite harau kamalajo hantu madhu kaiabham ||
***
akasrak parau gadeu kulia padma dhanu kuik

daa aktim asi ca carma jalaja gha surbhjanam |
ula pa sudarane ca dadhat hastai prasannnan
seve sairibha mardinmiha mahlakm sarojasthit ||
***
gha la halni akha musale cakra dhanu syaka

hastbjair dadhat ghannta vilasaccht utulya prabhm |
gaurdeha samudbhav trijagatm dhrabht
mahprvmatra sarasvatm anubhaje umbhdi daityrdinm ||
22
PRELIMINARY SLOKAS la pthivytmikyai nama | gandha kalpaymi
navkari panchopachram roll thumbs on little fingers of both hands - offering gandham. Request Devi to imagine this offering of
gandham to fill the size of the earth
ham ktmikyai nama | pupa kalpaymi
roll index fingers on thumbs of both hands - offering puspam. Request Devi to imagine this offering of
pusham to fill the size of the entire sky.
ya vyvtmikyai nama | dhpam kalpaymi
roll thumbs on index fingers of both hands - offering dhoopam. Request Devi to imagine this offering of
dhoopam to fill the size of all the air Vayu (air).
ra agnytmikyai nama | dpa kalpaymi
roll thumbs on middle fingers of both hands - offering agni. Request Devi to imagine this offering of
deepam to fill the all agni.
va amttmikyai nama | amritam kalpaymi
roll thumbs on ring fingers of both hands - offering naivedyam. Request Devi to imagine this offering of
Amrit or Ambrosia.
sa sarvtmikyai nama | samastopacr samarpaymi
offer akshatas and namaskar mudra offering all services in the mind mental and the deities will offer
to you.
23
PRELIMINARY SLOKAS
navkari (navra) japam
NAVKARI ( NAVRA ) JAPAM = >? @? BC( 8EF

Surrender self to mantra before japam.
Pray for purification of mind (when mind becomes pure and free from desires
it attains liberation).
Visualise deity on crown lotus and self moving into and merging with deity o ai hr kl cmuyai vicce
Visualise oneness with the divine infinite consciousness with self
transforming into meditational deity.

(108 times i.e. 1 mala or multiples of mala)
24
PRELIMINARY SLOKAS o prathama madhyamouttara caritrn
brahma viu rudr rishaya
saptaat nysa r mahkl mahlakm mahsarasvatyo devat
gyatry uig anuup chandsi
nand akambhar bhma aktaya
raktadantik durg bhrmaro bjni
agni vyu srys tattvni igyajus smaved dhynni
akala kman siddhaye

r mahkl mahlakm mahsarasvato devat prtyarthe jape
viniyoga
25
PRELIMINARY SLOKAS o
saptaati kara nysa khagin ulin ghor gadin cakri tath ||

akhin cpin babhuud parighyudh |
aguthbhy nama
ulena phi no devi phi khagena cmbike |

gha svanena na phi cpajyni svanena ca ||
tarjanbhy nama
prcyraka pratcy ca caike raka dakie |

bhrmaentmalasya uttarasy tathevari ||
madhyambhy nama
While reciting slowly trace a line with the thumbnails from the base to the tip of the respective fingers. saumyni yan rpi trailokye vicaranti te |
Refer navkari kara nysa for details. yni ctyarthaghori tai raksms tath bhuvam ||
anmikbhy nama
khaga la gaddni yni cstri tembike |

karapallavasagni tairasmn raka sarvata ||
kanithikbhy nama
sarvasvarpe sarvee sarvaaktisamanvite |

bhayebhyastrhi no devi durge devi namostu te ||
karatalakara phbhy nama
26
PRELIMINARY SLOKAS o
saptaati hdaya (anga) khagin ulin ghor gadin cakri tath ||

nysa hdayya nama

irase svh
prcy raka pratcy ca caike raka dakie |

ikhyai vaa
Refer navkari hdaya (anga) nysa for details. saumyni yan rpi trailokye vicaranti te |
yni ctyarthaghori tai raksmstath bhuvam ||
kavacya hu
khagalagaddni yni cstri tembike |

netratrayya vauat
sarvasvarpe sarvee sarvaakti samanvite |

astrya pha
o bhrbhuvassuvaro | itidikbanda
27
PRELIMINARY SLOKAS
saptaat dhynam
I meditate upon the three-eyed Goddess, Durga, the Reliever of Difficulties;

the luster of her beautiful body is like lightening. She sits upon the shoulders of a lion and
appears very fierce. Many maidens, holding the double-edged sword and shield in their
hands are standing at readiness to serve Her.
She holds in Her hands the discus & club, double-edged sword & shield, arrow & bow,
noose & the mudra connecting the thumb and pointer fingers extended upwards,
indicating the granting of wisdom.
Her intrinsic nature is fore, and upon Her head, She wears the moon as a crown.
28
dhynam
o vidyud dmasamaprabh mgapati skandhasthit
bha
kanybhi karavlakhea vilasaddhastbhir sevitm |
hastaicakra gadsi khea viikhcpa gua
tarjan bibhrmanaltmik aidhar durg
trinetr bhaje ||
29
PRELIMINARY SLOKAS la pthivytmikyai nama | gandha kalpaymi
roll thumbs on little fingers of both hands - offering gandham. Request Devi to imagine this offering of
saptaat panchopachram




Amrit or Ambrosia.

to you.
30
DEVI MHTMYA
r durga
saptaat
%&( %&( ( 0 |
245( 7( 8 2 : ||
DEVI MHTMYA
prathama
caritrasya
The first episode reveals the Adi Sakti or Moola Prakrti in her dark, deluding aspect
(Tamas) that ensnares humankind through the psychological afflictions of ignorance and
attachment, through the influence of tamas and rajas.
It teaches us about the nature of reality at the most basic primordial level. Maha Vishnu has to
awaken from the state of primal sleep in order overcome the original demoniacal forces, Madhu
(tamas) and Kaitabha (rajas). This is possible only through Maha Mayas grace, only if She frees
Vishnu from the influence of Yoga Maya, the primordial inactive state predominated by cosmic
Tamas.
S ECTION 1
Overview
Overview and brief description
The Prathama Charitram (i.e. the first portion of the story) consists of one chapter and
describes the destruction of Madhu Kaitabha. As mentioned before, Devi is attributed in
the form of Maha Kali/Durga in this section.
The Prathama Charitra starts with the description of how Devi Mahatmyam was revealed
to King Surata, as explained before in the introductory chapter.
At the end of (previous) Kalpa, the entire universe was submerged in water and Lord
Mahavishnu went into Yoga Nidra (Yogic Sleep) state. Two Asuras (Demons) by name
Madhu and Kaitabha came into existence from the excreta secreted from Lord Maha
Vishnus ears. They tried to kill Brahma who was seated in the Lotus abdominal portion
(Nabhi Kamalam) of Maha Vishnu. Lord Brahma prays Yoga Nidra Devi, the Vishnu Maya
to come to his help. At the end of Brahmas prayer, Maya Devi appeared in front of
Brahma by emanating from Lord Maha Vishnus body. Lord Maha Vishnu also wakes up
from His Yoga Nidra by this time and fights with Madhu and Kaitabha for one thousand
years. At one point of time, Madhu and Kaitabha offered a boon to Lord Maha Vishnu.
Lord Maha Vishnu requests the destroyal of both of them as boon. Madhu and Kaitabha
accepted to their killing by Lord Maha Vishnu in a place where there is no water. Lord
Maha Vishnu immediately kills them by placing them on His lap with His Sudarshana
Chakra.
33
PRATHAMA CARITRASYA viniyoga
dhynam asya r prathama caritrasya | brahm i | mahkl devat |

gyatr chanda | nand akti | raktadantik bjam |
agnistattvam | gveda svarpam |
r mahkl prtyarthe prathama caritra jape viniyoga |
dhynam
khaga cakra gades cpa parigh chla bhuud ira

o ai rmahkl caikye vicce nama ||
Kali is often depicted in the posture called pratyalidha, with Her left knee advanced and her right leg
drawn back. In this position Her left foot can prod Her Shiva into wakefulness. Pratyalidhaand its
opposite, the alidha stance (right knee advanced, left drawn back) both come from a Sanskrit root
which means "lapped up, licked, tongue applied to, eaten."
What She eats, with Her tongue, Her eyes, and Her very pose, is your Ahamkara Shakti, your energy of
self. Since the chief expression of shakti in the physical body isprana, the life force, the power which
keeps body, mind and spirit functioning together as a living unit, what Kali eats as you worship Her is
your prana. Physical life, health and longevity require that ahamkara self-identify strongly with your
organism to permit prana to enliven your body. Spiritual health requires ahamkara to relinquish most of
this attachment, and Kali is happy to help you actively relinquish it.
The chief carrier of prana in the body is blood, so when you see blood dripping from Kali's tongue you
should see that blood as the prana of Her devotees, offered to Her to transmute. What She craves is
your blood (your prana) that She may truly bring you to life.
When Kali Comes to Call

Robert E. Svoboda
34
PRATHAMA CARITRASYA
chapter 1
The slaying of madhukaiabha

Madhu and Kaitabha are the two original demoniacal forces of tamas and rajas (also
attributed to the base nature of attraction and aversion). They try to overcome the
creative and sattvic force (Brahma).
Tantrika Ratri Suktam

DM1: 73 to 87
In this hymn by Brahma, the Devi is extolled as the incomparable Goddess -Vishnus
Yoganidra, the queen of cosmos, the supporter of the worlds, the cause of the
sustenance and dissolution alike.
35
madbhtyais tairasad vttair dharmata plyate na v |
o namacadikyai
na jne sa pradhnome rahast sadmada || 13
o ai mrkaeya uvca || 1
mama vairivaa yta kn bhognu palapsyate |
svari sryatanayo yo manu kathyateama | ye mamnugat nitya prasda dhana bhojanai || 14
nimaya tadutpatti vistard gadato mama || 2
anuvttim dhruva tedya kurvantyan yamahbhtm |
mahmy nubhvena yath manvantardhipa | asamyagvyayalaistai kurvadbhi satata vyayam || 15
sa babhva mahbhga svaristanayo rave || 3
sacita sotidukhena kaya koo gamiyati |
svrocientare prva caitravaa samudbhava | etaccnyacca satata cintaymsa prthiva | | 16
suratho nma rjbht samaste kiti madale || 4
tatra viprrambhye vaiyameka dadara sa |
tasya playata samyak praj putrni vaurasn | sa pastena kastva bho hetucgamanetra ka || 17
babhvu atravo bhp kol vidhvasi nastad || 5
saoka iva kasmttva durman iva lakyase |
tasya tairabhavad yuddham ati prabala daina | itykarya vacastasya bhpate praayoditam || 18
nynairapi sa tairyuddhe kolvidhvasibhirjita || 6
pratyuvca sa ta vaiya prarayvanato npam || 19
tata svapura myto nija de dhipobhavat |
vaiya uvca || 20
krnta sa mah bhgas taistad prabalribhi || 7
samdhirnma vaiyohamutpanno dhanin kule || 21
amtyair balibhir duair durbalasya durtmabhi |
koo bala cpahta tatrpi svapure tata || 8 putradrair nirastaca dhana lobhda sdhubhi |
vihnaca dhanair drai putrairdya me dhanam | 22
tato mgayvyjena htasvmya sa bhpati |
ekk haya mruhya jagma gahana vanam || 9 vanamabhygato dukh nirastacpta bandhubhi |
soha navedmi putr kualkualt mikm || 23
sa tatrramamadrkd dvija varyasya medhasa |
prantav padkra muni iyo paobhitam || 10 pravttim svajann ca dr ctra sasthita |
ki nu te ghe kema makema ki nu smpratam || 24
tasthau kacitsa kla ca munin tena satkta |
itace taca vicaras tasmin muni varrame || 11 katha te ki nu sadvtt durvtta ki nu me sut || 25
socintayat tad tatra mamatv ka cetana | rjovca || 26

matprvai plita prva may hna pura hi tat || 12
yairnirasto bhavllubdhai putradrdibhir dhanai || 27
36
teu ki bhavata sneham anubadhnti mnasam || 28 da doepi viaye mamatv ka mnasau |
tat kimetan mah bhga yanmoho jni norapi || 44
vaiya uvca || 29
mamsya ca bhavat ye vivekndhasya mhat || 45
evam etad yath prha bhavn asmadgata vaca || 30
iruvca || 46
ki karomi nabadhnti mama nihurat mana |
yai santyajya pitsneha dhana lubdhair nirkta || 31 jnamasti samastasya jantorviaya gocare || 47
patissvajanahrda ca hrdi teveva me mana | viayaca mahbhga yti caiva pthak pthak |
ki me tannbhi jnmi jnannapi mahmate || 32 divndh prina kecid rtrvandhs tathpare || 48
yat prema pravaa cittam viguevapi bandhuu | keciddiv tath rtrau prinastulyadaya |
te kte me nivso daurmanasya ca jyate || 33 jnino manuj satya ki tu te nahi kevalam || 49
karomi ki yanna manastevaprtiu nihuram || 34 yato hi jnina sarve pau paki mgdaya |
jna ca tanmanuy yatte mgapakim || 50
mrkaeya uvca || 35
manuy ca yatte tulya manyat tathobhayo |
tatastau sahitau vipra ta muni samupasthitau || 36 jnepi sati payaitn patagch vacacuu || 51
samdhirnma vaiyosau sa ca prthiva sattama | kaamok dtn moht pyamnnapi kudh |

ktv tu tau yathnyya yathrha tena savidam || 37 mnu manu javyghra sbhil sutn prati || 52
upaviau kath kcic cakraturvaiya prthivau || 38 lobht pratyupakrya nanvetn ki na payasi |

tathpi mamatvartte mohagarte niptit || 53
rjovca || 39
mahmy prabhvea sasra sthiti kri |
bhagava stvmaha praumicchm yeka vadasva tat || 40
tanntra vismaya kryo yoganidr jagat pate || 54
dukhya yanme manasa svacit tyat tat vin |
mahmy harecai tay samohyate jagat |
mamatva gatarjyasya rjygevakhilevapi || 41
jninmapi cetsi dev bhagavat hi s || 55
jnatopi yath jasya kimetan muni sattama |
baldkya mohya mahmy prayacchati |
aya ca nikta putrair drair bhtyaistathoj jhita || 42
tay visjate viva jagadetac carcaram || 56
svajanena ca santyaktas teu hrd tathpyati |
sai prasann varad n bhavati muktaye |
evamea tathha ca dvvap yatyanta dukhitau || 43
s vidy param mukter hetu bht santan || 57
37
sasra bandha hetuca saiva sarvevarevar || 58 sudh tvaakare nitye tridh mtrtmik sthit |
ardhamtr sthit nity ynuccry vieata || 74
rjovca || 59
tvameva sandhy svitr tva devi janan par |
bhagavan k hi s dev mahmyeti y bhavn || 60 tvayai taddhryate viva tvayaitat sjyate jagat || 75
bravti kathamutpann s karmsyca ki dvija | tvayaitat plyate devi tvamatsyante ca sarvad |
yat prabhv ca s dev yat svarp yadudbhav || 61 visau sirp tva sthiti rp ca plane || 76
tatsarva rotumicchmi tvatto brahma vid vara || 62 tath sahtirpnte jagatosya jaganmaye |
mahvidy mahmy mahmedh mahsmti || 77
iruvca || 63
mahmoh ca bhavat mahdev mahsur |
nityaiva s jaganmrtis tay sarvaida tatam || 64
praktistva ca sarvasya gua traya vibhvin || 78
tathpi tat samutpattir bahudh ryat mama |
klartrir mahrtrir mohartrica dru |
devn krya siddhyarthamvirbhavati s yad || 65
tva rs tvam var tva hrs.tva buddhir bodhalakna || 79
utpanneti tad loke s nitypyabhi dhyate |
lajj puis tath tuis tva nti kntireva ca |
yoganidr yad viur jagat yekra vkte || 66
khagin ulin ghor gadin cakri tath || 80
strya eamabhajat kalpnte bhagavn prabhu |
tad dvvasurau ghorau vikhytau madhu kaiabhau || 67
saumy saumyatarea saumyebhyastvatisundar || 81
viukaramalod bhtau hantu brahmamudyatau |
par par param tvameva paramevar |
sa nbhi kamale vio sthito brahm prajpati || 68
yacca kicitkvacidvastu sadasadvkhiltmike || 82
dv tvasurau cograu prasupta ca janrdanam |
tasya sarvasya y akti s tva ki styase tad |
tuva yoganidr tmekgra hdaya sthita || 69
yay tvay jagatsra jagat ptyatti yo jagat || 83
vibodhanrthya harer hari netra ktlaym |
sopi nidr vaa nta kastv stotumihevara |
vivevar jagaddhtr sthiti sahrakrim || 70 viu arra grahaa mahamna eva ca || 84
nidr bhagavat vioratul tejasa prabhu || 71 kritste yatotastvm ka stotu aktimn bhavet |
s tvamittha prabhvai svairudrairdevi sastut || 85
bramhovca || 72
mohayaitau durdhar vasurau madhukaiabhau |
tva svh tva svadh tva hi vaakra svartmik || 73 prabodha ca jagatsvm nyatmacyuto laghu || 86
38
bodhaca kriyatmasya hantumetau mahsurau || 87 tathet yuktv bhagavat akha cakra gad bht |
ktv cakrea vai chinne jaghane iras tayo || 103
iruvca || 88
evame samutpann brahma sastut svayam |
eva stut tad dev tmas tatra vedhas || 89 prabhvamasy devystu bhya u vadmi te || 104
vio prabodhanrthya nihantu madhukaiabhau | | ai o |
netrsya nsik bhu hdayebhyas tathorasa || 90
nirgamya darane tasthau brahmaovyakta janmana |

uttasthau ca jagannthas tay mukto janrdana || 91
ekravehiayant tata sa dade catau |

madhukaiabhau durtmn vativryaparkramau || 92
krodharaktekavattu brahma janitodyamau |

samuthya tatastbhy yuyudhe bhagavn hari || 93
paca vara sahasri bhu praharao vibhu |

tvap yati balon mattau mahmy vimohitau || 94
uktavantau varosmatto vriyatmiti keavam || 95
rbhagavn uvca || 96
bhavetmadya me tuau mama vadhy vubhvapi || 97
kimanyena varetra etvaddhi va mama || 98
iruvca || 99
vacitbhymiti tad sarva mpo maya jagat || 100
vilokya tbhy gadito bhagavn kamalekaa |

v jahi na yatrorv salilena pariplut || 101
iruvca || 102
39
DEVI MHTMYA
madhyama
caritrasya
S ECTION 1
Overview
Overview of Madhama Charitram

The Madhyama Charitram (i.e. the middle part of story) consists of 3 chapters viz.
Mahishasura Sainya Vadham, Mahishasura Vadham and Devi Stuti. As mentioned before,
this section attributes Maha Maya in the form of Maha Lakshmi.
Chapter 2 Mahisharura Sainya Vadham

Once upon a time, Mahishasura was ruling the Asuras (Demons) and Indra was ruling the
Devas. A war breaks out between the two and Mahishasura assumes the post of
Devendra after defeating the Devas. He also starts performing the functions of Sun,
Indra, Agni , Vayu, Varuna etc.
The Devas assemble in front of Lord Brahma, Lord Maha Vishnu and Lord Shiva who get
very angry after listening to their plight. A resplendent Devi is born from the Tejas (luster)
of the three Lords. The Lords and other Devas then bestow their divine strength and
weapons to the Devi.
The Devi then fights with Mahishasuras army and destroys them completely.
Chapter 3 Mahisharura Vadham

The Devi then fights with the important lieutenants of Mahishasura such as Chikshura,
Chamara, Karala, Uddata, Bashkala, Ugrasya, Ugravirya, Bidala and kills all of them.
Mahishasura comes and fights with Devi himself upon seeing the defeat and killing of his
large army. Devi fights with him for a while and then kills him with Shula by standing his
neck.
Chapter 4 Devi Stuti

The Devas become very happy and pleased with the destroyal of Mahishasuras army
and Mahishasuras slaying by Devi. They all praise and pray Devi as the the embodiment
of Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva as well as Lakshmi and Parvati.
Devi becomes pleased with Devas praise and offers a boon. Devas request that She
must come to their rescue from troubles whenever they think of Her. Devi grants their
wish and disappears.
The following is the Dhyana Sloka for Madhyama Charitra where Maha Maya Devi is
worshipped as Maha Lakshmi.
41
MADHYAMA CARITRASYA viniyoga
dhynam asya r madhyama caritrasya viur i |

r mahlakmr devat | uik chanda |
akambhar akti | durg bja | vyustattva |
yajur veda svarpa |
r mahlakm prtyartha madhyama caritra jape viniyoga |
dhynam
o
o hrm rmahlakm caikye vicce nama |
42
MADHYAMA CARITRASYA o namacadikyai
chapter 2 o hrm i ruvca || 1
dev suramabhdyuddha pramabdaata pur |

mahiesurmadhipe devn ca purandare || 2
tatr surair mahvryair devasainya parjitam |

jitv ca sakaln devn indrobhn mahisura || 3
tata parjit dev padmayoni prajpatim |

purasktya gats tatra yatreagaruadhvajau || 4
yath vtta tayostadvan mahisura ceitam |

trida kathaymsur devbhi bhavavistaram || 5
sryendrgnyanilendn yamasya varuasya ca |

anye cdhikrn sa svayamev dhitihati || 6
svargnnirkt sarve tena devaga bhuvi |

vicaranti yath marty mahiea durtman || 7
etadva kathita sarvamamarriviceitam |

araa va prapann smo vadhastasya vicintyatm || 8
ittha niamya devn vacsi madhusdana |

cakra kopa ambhuca bhrukukuilnanau || 9
tatotikopa prasya cakrio vadant tata |

anye caiva devn akrdn arrata |
nicakrma mahattejo brahmaa akarasya ca || 10
nirgata sumahattejastaccaikya samagacchata || 11
anye caiva devn akrdn arrata |
And from the bodies of the other gods, Indra and the others.
Came forth a great fiery splendour, and it became unified in one place. nirgata sumahattejas taccaikya samagacchata || 11
atva tejasa ka jvalantamiva parvatam |

daduste surstatra jvl vypta digantaram || 12
43
atula tatra tatteja sarva deva arrajam | ardhacandra tath ubhra keyrn sarvabhuu |
ekastha tadabhnnr vypta loka traya tvi || 13 npurau vimalau tadvad graiveyakamanuttamam || 26
yadabhcchmbhava tejas tenjyata tanmukham | agulyakaratnni samast svagulu ca |

ymyena cbhavan ke bhavo viu tejas || 14 vivakarm dadau tasyai parau ctinirmalam || 27
saumyena stanayoryugma madhya caindrea cbhavat | astrya neka rpai tathbhedya ca daanam |
vruena ca jaghor nitambas tejas bhuva || 15 amlnapakaj ml irasyurasi cparm || 28
brahmaas tejas pdau tadagulyorka tejas | adadajjaladhistasyai pakaja ctiobhanam |

vasn ca kargulya kauberea ca nsik || 16 himavn vhana siha ratnni vividhni ca || 29
tasystu dant sambht prjpatyena tejas | dadvanya suray pnaptra dhandhipa |

nayanatritaya jaje tath pvaka tejas || 17 eaca sarvangeo mahmai vidbhitam || 30
bhruvau ca sandhyayosteja rava vanilasya ca | ngahra dadau tasyai dhatte ya pthivmimm |

anye caiva devn sabhavas tejas iv || 18 anyairapi surair dev bhanairyudhaistath || 31
tata samasta devn tejo ri samudbhavm | sammnit nandoccai sttahsa muhurmuhu |

t vilokya muda prpuramar mahirdit || 19 tasy ndena ghorea ktsnamprita nabha || 32
ula ld vinikya dadau tasyai pinkadhk | amyattimahat prati abdo mahnabht |

cakra ca dattavn ka samutpdya svacakrata || 20 cukubhu sakal lok samudrca cakampire || 33
akha ca varua akti dadau tasyai hutana | cacla vasudh celu sakalca mahdhar |
mruto dattavcpa bapre tatheudh || 21 jayeti devca mud tmcu siha vhinm || 34
vajramindra samutpdya kulidamardhipa | tuuvurmunayacain bhakti namrtma mrtaya |

dadau tasyai sahasrko gha mairvatd gajt || 22 dv samasta sakubdha trailokyamamarraya || 35
kla da dyamo daa pa cmbupatir dadau | sanaddhkhilasainyste samuttasthurudyudh |

prajpatickaml dadau brahm kamaalum || 23 kimetaditi krodhdbhya mahisura || 36
samasta roma kupeu nijaramn divkara | abhyadhvata ta abdam aeair asurair vta |
klaca dattavn khaga tasy carma ca nirmalam || 24 sadadara tato dev vypta loka tray tvi || 37
krodacmala hramajare ca tathmbare | pdkrnty natabhuva kirollikhitmbarm |

cmaim tath divya kuale kaakni ca || 25 kobhitea ptl dhanurjyni svanena tm || 38
44
dio bhuja sahasrea samantd vypya sasthitm | cacrsura sainyeu vaneviva hutana |
tata pravavte yuddha tay devy suradvim || 39 nivsn mumuce yca yudhyamn raembik || 52
astrstrair bahudh muktair dpitadigantaram | ta eva sadya sambht ga atasahasraa |

mahisurasenncikurkhyo mahsura || 40 yuyudhuste paraubhir bhindiplsi paiai || 53
yuyudhe cmaracnyai caturaga balnvita | nayantosuragan devaktyupa bhit |

rathnma yutai adbhirudagrkhyo mahsura || 41 avdayanta paahn ga akhstathpare || 54
ayudhyatyutn ca sahasrea mahhanu | mdagca tathaivnye tasmin yuddhamahotsave |

pac adbhica niyutair asilom mahsura || 42 tato dev triulena gaday aktivibhi || 55
ayutn atai abhir bkalo yuyudhe rae | khagdibhica atao nijaghna mahsurn |
gajavji sahasraughair anekai parivrita || 43 ptaymsa caivnyn gha svanavimohitn || 56
vto rathn koy ca yuddhe tasminnayudhyata | asurn bhuvi pena baddhv cnynakarayat |
bilkhyoyutn ca pacadbhi rathyutai || 44 kecid dvidh ktstknai khagaptaistathpare || 57
yuyudhe sayuge tatra rathn parivrita | vipothit niptena gaday bhuvi erate |
anye ca tatr yutao rathangahayair vt || 45 vemuca kecidrudhira musalena bham hat || 58
yuyudhu sayuge devy saha tatra mahsur | kecinnipatit bhmau bhinn ulena vakasi |
koi koi sahasraistu rathn dantin tath || 46 nirantar araughea kt kecidrajire || 59
hayn ca vto yuddhe tatr bhn mahisura | yennu kria prn mumucustridardan |
tomarair bhindiplai ca aktibhir musalais tath || 47 kecid bhavachinnchinnagrvs tathpare || 60
yuyudhu sayuge devy khagai parau paiai | irsi peturanyemanye madhye vidrit |
kecicca cikipu akt kecit pastathpare || 48 vicchinna jaghstvapare petururvy mahsur || 61
dev khagaprahraistu te t hantu pracakramu | ekabhvakicara kecid devy dvidhkt |

spi dev tatastni astrya stri cadik || 49 chinnepi cnye irasi patit punarutthit || 62
llayaiva praciccheda nija astr stravari | kabandh yuyudhur devy ghtaparamyudh |

anyastnan dev styamn suraribhi || 50 nantucpare tatra yuddhe trya layrit || 63
mumocsura deheu astryastr cevar | kabandhchinna irasa khaga aktyi paya |

sopi kruddho dhutasao devy vhanakesar || 51 tiha tiheti bhanto devmanye mahsur || 64
45
ptitai rathangvairasuraica vasundhar |
agamy sbhavat tatra yatrbht sa mahraa || 65
oitaugh mahnadya sadyas tatra prasusruvu |

madhye csura sainyasya vrasura vjinm || 66
kaena tanmahsainyam asur tathmbik |

ninye kaya yath vahnis tadru mahcayam || 67
sa ca siho mahnda mutsjan dhutakesara |

arrebhyomarrmasniva vicinvati || 68
devy gaaica taistatra kta yuddha mahsurai |

yathai tutuur dev pupa vimuco divi || 69
46
MADHYAMA CARITRASYA dhynam
chapter 3 o udyad bhnu sahasra kntim arua.kaum iromlik

rakt.lipta.payodhar japava vidy.mabhti varam |
hastbjair.dadhat trinetra visalad vaktr.ravinda.riya
dev baddha.himu ratna muku vande.ravinda.sthitm ||
o ai hr kl ankar caikye vicce nama

The radiant body of the Mother of the Universe has a magnificence of a thousand rising
suns. She is draped in a saree of red silk. Around her neck is a garland of red skulls. Her
two breasts have been colored with red sandal paste. In her four lotus-like hands She
holds a rosary and shows the mudras of Knowledge, Fearlessness and Granting of
Boons. Her three eyes are shining and Her bud-like mouth is extremely beautiful. Upon
Her head sits a crown of jewels in which the moon is situated, and She is resting upon a
lotus seat.
With unlimited devotion I bow to this Goddess.
The slaying of mahisura
ardhanikrnta evsau yudhyamno mahsura |

tay mahsin devy irachittv niptita || 42
That great asura, who had come forth halfway fighting, was felled by the Goddess, who
cut off his head with a great sword.
47
o namacadikyai bhagn akti nipatit dv krodhasamanvita |
cikepa cmara la baistadapi scchinat || 13
o i ruvca || 1
tata siha samutpatya gajakumbhntare sthita |
nihanyamna tat sainyamavalokya mahsura | bhuyuddhena yuyudhe tenoc caistridari || 14
senncikura kopdyayau yoddhumathmbikm || 2
yuddhyamnau tatastau tu tasmn ngn mah gatau |
sa dev aravarea vavara samaresura | yuyudhtetisarabdhau prahrairatidruai || 15
yath meru gire ga toyavarena toyada || 3
tato vegt khamutpatya nipatya ca mgri |
tasyac chittv tato dev llayaiva arotkarn | karaprahrea ira cmarasya pthak ktam || 16
jaghna turagnbairyantra caiva vjinm || 4
udagraca rae devy ilvk dibhirhata |
ciccheda ca dhanu sadyo dhvaja ctisamucchritam | dantamui talaicaiva karlaca niptita || 17
vivydha caiva gtreu chinnadhanvnamugai || 5
dev kruddh gadptai craymsa coddhatam |
saccinnadhanv viratho hatvo hatasrathi | bkala bhindiplena baistmra tathndhakam || 18
abhyadhvata t dev khaga carma dharosura || 6
ugrsyamugravrya ca tathaiva ca mahhanum |
siha mhatya khagena tkadhrea mrdhani | trinetr ca trilena jaghna paramevar || 19
jaghna bhuje savye dev mapyati vegavn || 7
bilasysin kyt ptaymsa vai ira |
tasy khago bhuja prpya paphla npanandana | durdhara durmukha cobhau arairninye yamakayam || 20
tato jagrha la sa kop darua locana || 8
eva sakyame tu svasainye mahisura |
cikepa ca tatas tattu bhadra kly mahsura | mhiea svarpea trsaymsa tn ga || 21
jjvalyamna tejobh ravibimba mivmbart || 9
kcittudaprahrea khurakepais tathparn |
dv tadpatacchla dev lam amucata | lglatitacany gbhy ca vidritn || 22
tacchla atadh tena nta sa ca mahsura || 10
vegena kcidaparn ndena bhramaena ca |
hate tasmin mahvrye mahiasya campatau | nivsapavanennyn ptaymsa bhtale || 23
jagma gaj rha cmarastri dardana || 11
niptya pramathnkamabhyadhvata sosura |
sopi akti mumoctha devystmambik drutam | siha hantu mahdevy kopa cakre tatombik || 24
hukrbhihat bhmau ptaymsa niprabhm || 12
sopi kopnmahvrya khurakuamahtala |
rgbhy parvatnucccikepa ca nanda ca || 25
48
vegabhramaaviku ma tasya vyaryata | iruvca || 39
lglenhatacbdi plvaymsa sarvata || 26
evamuktv samutpatya srh ta mahsuram |
dhutagavibhinnca khaa khaa yayurghan | pdenkramya kahe ca ulenainamatayat || 40
vsnilst atao nipetur nabhasocal || 27
tata sopi padkrntas tay nijamukht tata |
iti krodha samdhmtampatanta mahsuram | ardhanikrnta evsd devy vryea savta || 41
dv s caik kopa tadvadhya tadkarot || 28
ardhanikrnta evsau yudhyamno mahsura |
s kiptv tasya vai pa ta babandha mahsuram | tay mahsin devy irachittv niptita || 42
tatyja mhia rpa sopi baddho mahmdhe || 29
tato hhkta sarva daitya sainya nana tat |
tata sihobhavatsadyo yvat tasymbik ira | prahara ca para jagmu sakal devatga || 43
chinatti tvat purua khaga piradyata || 30
tuuvust sur dev saha divyair maharibhi |
tata evu purua dev ciccheda syakai | jagur gandharva patayo nantucp saroga || 44
ta khagacarma srdha tata sobhnmahgaja || 31
o
karea ca mahsiha ta cakara jagarja ca |
karatastu kara dev khagena nirakntata || 32
tato mahsuro bhyo mhia vapursthita |

tathaiva kobhaymsa trailokya sacarcaram || 33
tata kruddh jaganmt caik pnamuttamam |

papau puna punacaiva jahsrua locan || 34
nanarda csura sopi balavryamadoddhata ||

vibhy ca cikepa cadk prati bhdharn || 35
s ca tn prahitstena crayant arotkarai |

uvca ta madoddhta mukha rg kulkaram || 36
devyuvca || 37
garja garja kaa mha madhu yvatpibmyaham |

may tvayi hatetraiva garjiyantyu devat || 38
49
MADHYAMA CARITRASYA dhynam
chapter 4 o klbhrbh kkairarikulabhayad

maulibaddhendurekh
akha cakra kpa triikhamapikarairudvahant
trinetr |
sihaskandhdhirh tribhuvanamakhila tejas
prayant
dhyyed durg jaykhy tridaaparivt sevit siddhi kmai
||
o ai hr kl jaya durg caikye vicce nama
Shakradistuti
The longest and most eloquent of the Chandis four hymns. Known as the Shakradi stuti
(Praise by Indra and the host of gods).
This chapter has some long shlokas. These are commonly recited in two ways. (1) Split it
into two halves, and pause after each half. (2) Split it into four quarters, and pause after
each quarter.
The gita press printed edition assumes that the reciter is splitting the verse into two
halves (with two pauses).
If you split it into 4 quarters (with four pauses), you'll have to make some small changes.
if you split it into four quarters, the gita press text changes to "triguNApi doShaiH / na",
"tRptihetuH / uccAryase", "asta-samasta-doShaiH / vidyAsi" and "karmANi / atyAdRtaH".
In the gita press edition, there is a "hypen" in all these spots to indicate that you can't
pause there without a minor change in the text.
50
o namacadikyai doai / na (with pause) or doair-na (without pause)
hetu samastajagat trigupi doai- (doair-na)

o iruvca || 1 na jyase harihardibhirapyapr |
akrdaya suraga nihatetivrye sarvraykhilamida jagadaabhtam-
avykt hi param praktis tvamdy || 7
tasmindurtmani surribale ca devy |
t tuuvu praati namra iro dhars hetu / uccr (with pause) or hetu-ruccr (without pause)
vgbhi prahara pulakodgamacrudeh || 2 yasy samastasurat samudraena
tpti prayti sakaleu makheu devi |
devy yay tatamida jagadtmaakty
nieadevagaaaktisamhamrty | svhsi vai pitgaasya ca tptihetu- (hetu-ruccr)
tmambikmakhiladevamaharipjy uccryase tvamata eva janai svadh ca || 8
bhakty nat sma vidadhtu ubhni s na || 3 doai / vidysi (with pause) or doair-vidysi (without pause) doair vidysi
yasy prabhvamatula bhagavnananto y mukti heturavi cintya mahvrat tva

brahm haraca nahi vaktumala bala ca | abhyasyase suniyatendriya tattva srai |
s caikkhilajagatpariplanya mokrthibhir munibhirasta samasta doai-
nya cubha bhayasya mati karotu || 4 (doair-vidysi)
vidysi s bhagavat param hi devi || 9
y r svaya suktin bhavanevalakm
pptman ktadhiy hdayeu buddhi | abdtmik suvimalargyaju nidhnam-
raddh sat kulajana prabhavasya lajj udgtharamya padaphavat ca smnm |
t tv nat sma pariplaya devi vivam || 5 devi tray bhagavat bhavabhvanya
vrtt ca sarva jagat paramrtti hantr || 10
ki varayma tava rpamacintyametat
kictivryamasurakayakri bhri | medhsi devi viditkhilastrasr
ki chaveu caritni tavd bhutni durgsi durgabhava sgara naurasag |
sarveu devyasuradeva gadikeu || 6 r kaiabhri hdayai kaktdhivs
gaur tvameva aimauliktapratih || 11
51
atsahsamamala paripracandra- siddha mantra to eliminate poverty, misery, fear and grant clear mind
bimbnukri kanakottama knti kntam | durge smt harasi bhtima ea janto

atyadbhuta prahtamttaru tathpi svasthai smt matimatva ubh dadsi |
vaktra vilokya sahas mahisurea || 12 dridrya dukha bhayahrii k tvadany
sarvopakra karaya sadrdracitt || 17
dv tu devi kupita bhrukukarlam- (karla-mudyac)
udyac chaka sadac chavi yanna sadya | ebhirhatairjagadupaiti sukha tathaite
prn mumoca mahiastadatva citra kurvantu nma narakya cirya ppam |
kairjvyate hi kupitntakadaranena || 13 sagrmamtyumadhigamya diva prayntu
matveti nnamahitnvinihasi devi || 18
devi prasda param bhavat bhavya
sadyo vinayasi kopavat kulni | dvaiva ki na bhavat prakaroti bhasma
vijtametadadhunaiva yadastametan- (tameta-nta) sarv surnariu yatprahioi astram |
nta bala suvipula mahisurasya || 14 loknprayntu ripavopi hi astrapt
ittha matirbhavati tevapi tetisdhv || 19
siddha mantra for overall growth and prosperity
te sammat janapadeu dhanni te khagaprabhnikaravisphuraaistathograi

te yaasi na ca sdati dharmavarga | lgraknti nivahena dosurm |
dhanysta eva nibhttmajabhtyadr yanngat vilayamaumadindukhaa-
yea sadbhyudayad bhavat prasann || 15 yogynana tava vilokayat tadetat || 20
karmy / aty (with pause) or karm yaty (without pause) durvttavttaamana tava devi la
dharmyi devi sakalni sadaiva karmy- (karm-yaty) rpa tathaitadavicintyamatulyamanyai |
atydta pratidina sukt karoti | vrya ca hant htadevaparkram
svarga prayti ca tato bhavat prasdl- vairivapi prakaitaiva day tvayettham || 21
lokatrayepi phalad nanu devi tena || 16
kenopam bhavatu tesya parkramasya
rpa ca atru bhaya krya ti hri kutra |
citte kp samaranihurat ca d
tvayyeva devi varade bhuvanatrayepi || 22
trailokyametadakhila ripunanena
trta tvay samaramrdhani tepi hatv |
nt diva ripuga bhayamapyapstam
asmkamunmadasurribhava namaste || 23
52
siddha mantra to get protection iruvca || 38
ghasvanena na phi cpajynisvanena ca || 24 iti prasdit devair jagatorthe tathtmana |
tathet yuktv bhadrakl babhvntarhit npa || 39
bhrmaentmalasya uttarasy tathevari || 25 ityetatkathita bhpa sambht s yath pur |
dev devaarrebhyo jagat traya hitaii || 40
saumyni yan rpi trailokye vicaranti te |
yni ctyarthaghori tai raksms tath bhuvam || 26 punaca gaurdehts samudbht yathbhavat |
vadhya dua daityn tath umbha niumbhayo || 41
khaga la gaddni yni cstri tembike |
karapallavasagni tairasmn raka sarvata || 27 rakaya ca lokn devnmupakri |
tacchuva maykhyta yathvatkathaymi te || 42
iruvca || 28
| hrm o |
eva stut surairdivyai kusumairnandanodbhavai |
arcit jagat dhtr tath gandhnulepanai || 29
bhakty samastais tridaair divyair dhpaistu dhpit |

prha prasdasumukh samastn praatn surn || 30
devyuvca || 31
vriyat trida sarve yadasmattobhivchitam || 32
devcu || 33
bhagavaty kta sarva nakicidavaiyate || 34
yadaya nihata atrur asmka mahisura |

yadi cpi varo deyas tvaysmka mahevari || 35
sasmt sasmt tva no hiseth parampada |

yaca martya stavairebhis tv stoyatyamalnane || 36
tasya vittarddhi vibhavairdhanadrdisampad |

vddhayesmatprasann tva bhaveth sarvadmbike || 37
53
DEVI MHTMYA
uttara
caritrasya
In the third episode the chief demons are Sumbha (Asmita: I/ Me, the
pseudo-self) and Nisumbha (Mamata: Mine, the attachment to things that the
false self clings to) who along with their generals Canda (pra-vrtti or extraverted
psychic energy), Munda (ni-vritti or introverted psychic energy), Dhumralochana
(distorted perception) and Raktabija (citta vrttis or incessant compulsive
thought processes), are a formidable force to reckon with.
Overcoming these subtler demons requires a luminous, benevolent and
beautiful manifestation, one that can enlighten and liberate. This is the
manifestation as Maha Sarasvati predominated by Sattva.
S ECTION 1
Chapter 7 Chanda Munda Vadham
Overview Chanda and Munda, along with their large army, start fighting with Devi. On seeing them,
Devis face becomes black in anger. From her face, a fierce and dark colored Devi known
as Kali comes out. Maha Kali destroys the army of Chanda and Munda. Later She severs
the heads of both of them and Devi assumes the name Chamunda because of this.
Chapter 8 Raktabija Vadham

Shumbha orders the entire Asura army to be assembled to fight Devi. He also joins the
army. The Asura army surrounds Kali Devi. The respective powers for Brahma, Vishnu,
Shiva and other Devas emanate from them Brahmani, Maheshvari, Kaumari, Vaishnavi,
Varahi, Aindri, Narasimhi, etc. - and reach Kali Devi. Then Devi sends Lord Shiva as her
envoy to Shumbha and therefore came to be known as Shiva Duti. But Asuras army
fiercely fights with Devi. The various forms of Devi fight with the Asura army and destroy
them.
Seeing this, an Asura known as Raktabija comes and fights with Devi. From every drop of
blood that falls from his body on to the ground, another equivalent Asura comes into
being and fights with Devi. Devi orders Chamunda to open Her mouth and drink all the
Overview of Uttama Charitram blood that falls from the body of Raktabija. Chamunda drinks all the blood emanating
The Uttama Charitram (i.e. last portion of story) consists of 9 chapters. As mentioned from Raktabijas body and finally Raktabija falls dead devoid of blood. Devas become
before, Maha Maya is attributed in the form of Maha Saraswati in this section. very happy on the death of Raktabija.
Chapter 9 Nishumba Vadham

Nishumbha prepares himself to fight with Devi on seeing that a large portion of their army
Chapter 5 Devi Duta Samvada have been destroyed by Devi. A fierce fight breaks between Nishmbha and Devi and Devi
Once upon a time, two Asuras viz. Shumbha and Nishumbha ruled the three worlds by finally kills him by piercing his heart with Shula (Trident).
assuming the authority and duties of Indra, Surya, Chandra, Kubera, Yama, Varuna, Vayu,
Agni, etc. They also assumed Havir Bhagams of Devas (Offerings made in fire ceremonies
to various Deities).
Chapter 10 Shumba Vadham
Shumbha, on seeing the death of his beloved brother Nishumbha, becomes extremely
Devas, unable to bear this plight, reach Himalayas and pray to Vishnu Maya. They angry and complains to Devi that She is actually putting up a proxy fight with the help of
request Her to come to their rescue as promised before. The Devi (Kaushiki) appears other Devis. Devi replies that there is nothing beyond and separate from Her and makes
before them and agrees to destroy Nishumbha, Shumba and their army. all the Shakti forms to merge back into Her.
The Devi is spotted by two Asuras viz. Chanda and Munda who promptly inform the A fierce fight breaks between the two and finally Devi kills him by piercing Shula (Trident)
same to Shumbha. They tell him that the Devi is very beautiful and it is apt for Shumbha into his heart.
to get her. Shumbha sends Sugriva as his envoy to Devi. Sugriva reaches the abode of
Devi and conveys Shumbhas message that it will be apt for her to marry Shumbha and Upon Shumbhas death the entire universe becomes happy and devoid of any bad
enjoy all wealth. omens.
Devi tells Sugriva that She had made a vow long before that she would marry only the
one who defeats her in a fight and requests him to convey the same to Shumbha. Chapter 11 Devi Stuti
Immensely pleased with the destruction of Asuras, all Devas assemble in front of Devi
Chapter 6 Dhumralochana Vadham and praise Her with a stuti which is known by the name Narayani Stuti.
Upon hearing Devis reply through Sugriva, Shumbha sends Dhumralochana to bring Devi
to him by force. Dhumralochana reaches the abode of Devi with an army of 60,000 Devi becomes immensely pleased with their praise and describes some of her future
Asuras. When Dhumralochana tries to go near Devi, Devi burns him instantly by her incarnations and the names by which She will be known as e.g. Rakta Dantika,
Humkara. His army also gets destroyed by Devis Vahana (Vehicle) , the Lion. Sadakshi, Shakambhari, Durga, Bhima Devi, Bhramari, etc.
Learning about Dhumralochanas death, Shumba asks Chanda and Munda to accomplish
the same task. Chapter 12 Phala Stuti
55
Devi further explains the benefits that will accrue to one who chants and/or listens to Devi
Mahatmyam with devotion. She declares that whoever chants or listens to Devi
Mahatmyam on Ashtami or Navami or Chaturdashi (i.e. 8th or 9th or 14th Lunar day) will
never see any obstacle, poverty, separation from loved ones, trouble from enemies, etc.
Her presence will be felt in places where Devi Mahatmyam is chanted. The chanter can
look forward all kinds of wealth, pleasure and boons. Upon giving this boon, Devi
disappears.
Sage Vasishta concludes his narration of Devi Mahatmyam to King Surata and Vaishya
with this.
Chapter 13 Vara Vadham

Sage Vasishta then orders King Surata and Vaishya to surrender themselves to Devi. Both
of them seek the blessings of the Sage, take leave of him and perform intense Tapas by
focusing on Devi.
Devi appears before them after 3 years of intense Tapas and grants them boons. The
King prays for redemption of his Kingdom and become an indefatigable King in his next
birth. Vaishya seeks true knowledge (Gyana) that liberates one from ego and attachment.
Devi grants their wishes and disappears.
The King will be known as Savarni Manu in future after getting rebirth from Surya
Bhagavan.
56
UTTARA CARITRASYA viniyoga
dhynam asya r uttara caritrasya rudra i | rmahsarasvat devat |

anutup chanda | bhm akti | bhrmar bjam | sryas
tattva | smaveda svarpam |
rmahsarasvat prtyarthe uttara caritra phe viniyoga |
dhynam

o kl rmahsarasvat caikye vicce nama
57
UTTARA CARITRASYA
chapter 5
Tantrika Devi Suktam
This is the third hymn; known as Aparajita-stuti or Tantrika Devi Suktam.

In this hymn there are more than twenty slokas beginning with ya devi sarva bhuteshu,
indicating that the devi is present in all creatures as consciousness, as power, as intellect,
as memory, as sleep, as delusion, as desire, as activity, as prosperity, as forgiveness, as
faith, as loveliness, and so on, reminding us of the Vibhuti Yoga of Gita.
This beautiful hymn is a powerful meditation by itself, a combination of meditation,

affirmation and mantra.
58
o namacadikyai y dev sarvabhteu viu myet abdit |
namastasyai || namastasyai || namastasyai namo nama || 1416
o kl iruvca || 1
y dev sarvabhteu cetanetyabhi dhyate |
pur umbhaniumbhbhymasurbhy acpate | namastasyai || namastasyai || namastasyai namo nama || 1719
trailokya yaja bhgca ht madabalrayt || 2
y dev sarvabhteu buddhi rpea sasthit |
tveva sryat tadvad adhikra tathaindavam | namastasyai || namastasyai || namastasyai namo nama || 2022
kauberamatha ymya ca cakrte varuasya ca || 3
y dev sarvabhteu nidr rpea sasthit |
tveva pavanarddhi ca cakraturvahnikarma ca | namastasyai || namastasyai || namastasyai namo nama || 2325
tato dev vinirdht bhraarjy parjit || 4
y dev sarvabhteu kudh rpea sasthit |
htdhikrstridas tbhy sarve nirkt | namastasyai || namastasyai || namastasyai namo nama || 2628
mahsurbhy t dev sasmarantya parjitm || 5
y dev sarvabhteu chy rpea sasthit |
taysmka varo datto yathpatsu smtkhil | namastasyai || namastasyai || namastasyai namo nama || 2931
bhavat nayiymi tatkat parampada || 6
y dev sarvabhteu akti rpea sasthit |
iti ktv mati dev himavanta nagevaram | namastasyai || namastasyai || namastasyai namo nama || 3234
jagmustatra tato dev viumy pratuuvu || 7
y dev sarvabhteu t rpea sasthit |
dev cu || 8 namastasyai || namastasyai || namastasyai namo nama || 3537
namo devyai mahdevyai ivyai satata nama | y dev sarvabhteu knti rpea sasthit |
nama praktyai bhadryai niyat praat sma tm || 9 namastasyai || namastasyai || namastasyai namo nama || 3840
raudryai namo nityyai gauryai dhtryai namo nama | y dev sarvabhteu jti rpea sasthit |
jyotsnyai cendurpiyai sukhyai satata nama || 10 namastasyai || namastasyai || namastasyai namo nama || 4143
kalyyai praat vddhyai siddhyai kurmo namo nama | y dev sarvabhteu lajj rpea sasthit |
nairtyai bhbht lakmyai arvyai te namo nama || 11 namastasyai || namastasyai || namastasyai namo nama || 4446
durgyai durgapryai sryai sarvakriyai | y dev sarvabhteu nti rpea sasthit |

khytyai tathaiva kyai dhmryai satata nama || 12 namastasyai || namastasyai || namastasyai namo nama || 4749
atisaumyti raudryai natstasyai namo nama | y dev sarvabhteu raddh rpea sasthit |
namo jagat pratihyai devyai ktyai namo nama || 13 namastasyai || namastasyai || namastasyai namo nama || 5052
59
y dev sarvabhteu knti rpea sasthit | tpitai asm (with pause) or tpitair-asm (without pause)
namastasyai || namastasyai || namastasyai namo nama || 5355 y smprata coddhatadaityatpitair- (tpitai+asm)

asmbhi r ca surair namasyate |
y dev sarvabhteu lakm rpea sasthit |
y ca smta tatkaameva hanti na
sarvpado bhaktivinamra mrtibhi || 82
y dev sarvabhteu vtti rpea sasthit |
iruvca || 83
eva stavdi yuktn devn tatra prvat |
y dev sarvabhteu smti rpea sasthit |
sntumabhyyayau toye jhnavy npanandana || 84
sbravttn surn subhrr bhavadbhi styatetra k |
y dev sarvabhteu day rpea sasthit |
arra koatacsy samudbht bravcchiv || 85
stotra mamaitatkriyate umbhadaityanirktai |
y dev sarvabhteu tui rpea sasthit |
devai sametai samare niumbhena parjitai || 86
arra kodyat tasy prvaty nistmbik |
y dev sarvabhteu mt rpea sasthit |
kauikti samasteu tato lokeu gyate || 87
tasy vinirgaty tu k bhtspi prvat |
y dev sarvabhteu bhrnti rpea sasthit |
kliketi samkhyt himcala ktray || 88
tatombik para rpa bibhr sumanoharam |
indriymadihtr bhtn ckhileu y |
dadara cao muaca bhtyau umbha niumbhayo || 89
bhteu satata tasyai vypti devyai namo nama || 77
tbhy umbhya ckhyt tva sumanohar |
citirpea y ktsnametad vypya sthit jagat |
kpyste str mahrja bhsayant himcalam || 90
naiva tdk kvacidrpa da kenaciduttamam |
stut surai prvamabhasarayt
jyat kpyasau dev ghyat csurevara || 91
tath surendrea dineu sevit |
str ratnamati crvag dyotayant diastvi |
karotu s na ubha hetur var
s tu tihati daityendra t bhavn drau marhati || 92
ubhni bhadryabhi hantu cpada || 81
yni ratnni maayo gajvdni vai prabho |
trailokye tu samastni smprata bhnti te ghe || 93
60
airvata samnto gajaratna purandart | avyhatja sarvsu ya sad devayoniu |
prijta tarucya tathaivoccai rav haya || 94 nirjitkhiladaityri sa yadha uva tat || 107
vimna hasa sayuktametattihati tegae | mama trailokyamakhila mama dev vanug |

ratnabhtamihnta yadsd vedhasodbhutam || 95 yajabhgnaha sarvnupnmi pthak pthak || 108
nidhirea mahpadma samnto dhanevart | trailokye vararatnni mama vayn yaeata |

kijalkin dadau cbdhir mlmaml napakajm || 96 tathaiva gajaratna ca htv devendra vhanam || 109
chatra te vrua gehe kcanasrvi tihati | krodamathanod bhtam avaratna mammarai |

tathya syandanavaro ya purst prajpate || 97 uccai ravasasaja tat praipatya samarpitam || 110
mtyorutkrntid nma aktira tvay ht | yni cnyni deveu gandarve rageu ca |

pa salilarjasya bhrtustava parigrahe || 98 ratna bhtni bhtni tni mayyeva obhane || 111
niumbhasybdhi jtca samast ratnajtaya | str ratna bht tv devi loke manymahe vayam |
vanirapi dadau tubhyam agni auce ca vsas || 99 s tvamasmnupgaccha yato ratna bhujo vayam || 112
eva daityendra ratnni samastn yhtni te | m v mamnuja vpi niumbha muruvikramam |

strratnamea kaly tvay kasmnna ghyate || 100 bhaja tva cacalpgi ratna bhtsi vai yata || 113
iruvca || 101 paramaivaryamatula prpsyase matparigraht |

etad buddhy samlocya matparigrahat vraja || 114
niamyeti vaca umbha sa tad caa muayo |
preaymsa sugrva dta devy mahsuram || 102 iruvca || 115
iti ceti ca vaktavy s gatv vacann mama | ityukt s tad dev gambhrnta smit jagau |
yath cbhyeti samprtya tath krya tvay laghu || 103 durg bhagavat bhadr yayeda dhryate jagat || 116
sa tatra gatv yatrste ailod deeti obhane | devyuvca || 117

s dev t tata prha laka madhuray gir || 104
satyamukta tvay ntra mithy kicittvayoditam |
dta ruvca || 105 trailokydhipati umbho niumbhacpi tda || 118
devi daityevara umbhastrailokye paramevara | ki tvatra yat pratijta mithy tat kriyate katham |
dtoha preitastena tvat sakamihgata || 106 sryatm alpa buddhitvt pratij y kt pur || 119
61
yo m jayati sagrme yo me darpa vyapohati |
yo me pratibalo loke sa me bhart bhaviyati || 120
tadgacchatu umbhotra niumbho v mahsura |

m jitv ki ciretra pi ghtu me laghu || 121
dta uvca || 122
avaliptsi maiva tva devi brhi mamgrata |

trailokye ka pumstihe dagre umbhaniumbhayo || 123
anyemapi daityn sarve dev na vai yudhi |

tihanti sammukhe devi ki puna str tvamekik || 124
indrdy sakal devs tasthurye na sayuge |

umbhdn katha te str praysyasi sammukham || 125
s tva gaccha mayaivokt prva umbhaniumbhayo |

kekaraanirdhta gaurav m gamiyasi || 126
devyuvca || 127
evametad bal umbho niumbha cti vryavn |

ki karomi pratij me yadanalocit pur || 128
sa tva gaccha mayokta te yadetatsarvamdta |

tad cakvsurendrya sa ca yukta karotu tat || 129
62
UTTARA CARITRASYA dhynam
chapter 6 o ngdhvara viar phai phaottasoru ratnval

bhsvaddehalat divkaranibh netra trayod.bhsitm |
ml kumbha.kapla nrajakar candrrdhac par
sarva jevara bhairavkanilay padmvat cintaye ||
The Slaying of Dhumralochana
hukreaiva ta bhasma scakrmbik tata || 13

The Goddess reduced the demon to ashes by a mere heave of her breath
(humkara)
63
o ai hr kl padmvat caikye vicce nama ityukta sobhyadh vattmasuro dhmralocana |
hukreaiva ta bhasma s cakrmbik tata || 13
atha kruddha mahsainyamasur tathmbik |

o namacadikyai vavara syakaistkais tath akti paravadhai || 14
o iruvca || 1 tato dhutasaa kopt ktv nda subhairavam |

paptsuraseny siho devy svavhana || 15
itykarya vaco devy sa dtomara prita |
samcaa samgamya daitya rjya vistart || 2 kcit karaprahrea daity nsyena cparn |
kramya cdharenyn sa jaghna mahsurn || 16
tasya dtasya tadvkyamkarysurar tata |
sakrodha prha daitynmadhipa dhmralocanam || 3 kecitpaymsa nakhai kohni kesar |
tath talaprahrea irsi ktavn pthak || 17
he dhmralocanutva svasainya parivrita |
tmnaya bald du keakaraa vihvalm || 4 vicchinnabhu irasa ktstena tathpare |
papau ca rudhira kohdanye dhutakesara || 18
tatparitrada kacid yadi vottihatepara |
sa hantavyomaro vpi yako gandharva eva v || 5 kaena tadbala sarva kaya nta mahtman |
tena kesari devy vhanenti kopin || 19
iruvca || 6
rutv tamasura devy nihata dhmralocanam |
tenjaptastata ghra sa daityo dhmralocana | bala ca kayita ktsnam dev kesari tata || 20
vta ay sahasrm asur druta yayau || 7
cukopa daitydhipati umbha prasphuritdhara |
sa dv t tato dev tuhincala sasthitm | jpaymsa ca tau caa muau mahasurau || 21
jagdoccai prayht mla umbha niumbhayo || 8
he caa he mua balair bahubhi parivritau |
na cet prtydya bhavat madbhartram upaiyati | tatra gacchata gatv ca ssamnyat lahgu || 22
tato baln naymyea kekaraa vihvalm || 9
keevkya baddhv v yadi va saayo yudhi |
devyuvca || 10 tadeyudai sarvair asurair vinihanyatm || 23
daityevarea prahito balavn balasavta | tasy haty duy sihe ca viniptite |
balnnayasi mmeva tata ki te karomyaham || 11 ghramgamyat baddhv ghtv tmathmbikm || 24
iruvca || 12 o
64
chapter 7 o dhyyeya ratnaphe ukakalapahita nvat ymalg

nyastaikghri saroje ai akaladhar
vallak vda.yantm |
kahlrbaddhaml niyamitavilasac colik raktavastr
mtag ankhaptr madhuramadhumad
citrakodbhsibhlm ||
o ai hr kl rajamtag caikye vicce nama
The slaying of Chanda and Munda
Chanda represents (Pra-vrtti) and Munda (Ni-vrtti) both outward and inward movements
of citta vrttis.
65
o namacadikyai tairmuktni ca astri mahstri tathsurai |
mukhena jagrharu daanair mathitnyapi || 13
o i ruvca || 1
balin tadbala sarvamasur durtmanm |
japtste tato daity caa mua purogam | mamardbhakayac cnyn anyctayat tath || 14
caturaga balopet yayurabhyudyatyudh || 2
asin nihit kecit kecit khavga tit |
daduste tato devmaddhs vyavasthitm | jagmurvinam asur dant grbhi hatstath || 15
sihasyopari ailendrage mahati kcane || 3
kaena tadbala sarvamasur niptitam |
te dv t samdtumudyama cakrurudyat | dv caobhidudrva t klmati bham || 16
ka cpsidhars tathnye tat sampag || 4
aravarair mah bhmair bhmk t mahsura |
tata kopa cakroccairambik tnarn prati | chdaymsa cakraica mua kiptai sahasraa || 17
kopena csya vadana mavarama bhttad || 5
tni cakryanekni viamnni tanmukham |
bhruku kuilt tasy lala phalakd drutam | babhuryathrka bimbni subahni ghanodaram || 18
kl karlavadan vinikrntsipin || 6
tato jahstiru bhma bhairava ndin |
vicitra khavgadhar naraml vibha | kl karla vaktrntar durdara daanojjval || 19
dvpicarma pardhn ukamsti bhairav || 7
utthya ca mahsiha devi caa madhvata |
ativistravadan jihvlalanabha | ghtv csya keeu irastensincchinat || 20
nimagn rakta nayan ndprita dimukh || 8
atha muobhyadhvatt dv caa niptitam |
s vegenbhipatit ghtayant mahsurn | tamapyaptayad bhmau skhagbhihata ru || 21
sainye tatra surrmabhaayata tadbalam || 9
hataea tata sainya dv caam niptitam |
prigrhkuagrhi yodha gha samanvitn | mua ca sumahvrya dio bheje bhaytura || 22
samdyaikahastena mukhe cikepa vran || 10
ira caasya kl ca ghtv muameva ca |
tathaiva yodha turagai ratha srathin saha | prha pracaahsa miramabhyetya caikm || 23
nikipya vaktre daanai carvayantyati bhairavam || 11
may tavtropahtau caamuau mahpau |
eka jagrha keeu grvymatha cparam | yuddhayaje svaya umbha niumbha ca haniyasi || 24
pdenkramya caivnyamurasnyamapothayat || 12
iruvca || 25
66
tvntau tato dv caa muau mahsurau |
uvca kl kaly lalita cadk vaca || 26
yasmccaa ca mua ca ghtv tvamupgat |

cmudeti tato loke khyt devi bhaviyasi || 27
67
UTTARA CARITRASYA
chapter 8
The Slaying of Raktabija And for the sake of the well-being of the supreme gods, very valorous and powerful
Raktabija is symbolic of citta vrrtis or thought process. Each vrtti leads to one more as thoughts
aktis, having sprung forth from the bodies of Brahma, Siva, Skanda, Vishnu and Indra,
multiply in geometric progression. Whenever a drop of blood falls to earth, another demon of
and having the form of each, approached Candika.
identical size and strength springs up.
macchastra pta sambhtn raktabindhn mahsurn |

raktabindho pratccha tva vaktrenena vegin ||
With this mouth (Kli) quickly take in the drops of blood produced by
the fall of my weapons and the great Asuras generated out of the
drops of blood.
68
armies of Asuras alongwith 86 Udyudhas, 84 Kambus, 50 Kotiviryas, 100 Dhomras, Kalakas,
Dauhrids, Mauryas and Kalkeya demons to march for war.
Desire and cravings are the source of all suffering. Desire is a mental activity, or thoughts and
known as citta vrrtis. Here Durga Saptshati reveals a great secret of Tantra and that of Universe and Maya. Demon
Shumbha which represents our EGO names 8 types of demons to win over Good. These 8 types
The best method is to overcome the first desire, the thought, rather than having to fight a of demons in fact, signify the Ashtapasha which bind a person to Maya.
thousand more. Conquering this original desire will release us from this endless cycle of desire,
which leads to the cycle of gratification and sorrow when these desires are not fulfilled. These 8 bondages have been reflected as 8 demon types in Saptshati and when Jiva invokes
Mother Shakti, SHE fights these demons in us and breaks the bondages created by these Asuras
Tantra refers to "Ashta Pasha" or eight nooses . ghRîNA (aversion), lajjA (shame), bhaya (fear), and makes us free a Sadashiva !!
sha~NkA (doubt), jugupsA (disgust), kula (attachment to a group based on activity), jAti
(attachment to a group based on birth) and shIla (good character and modesty!!). Kalika destroys The Chief demon Shumbha (depicting our Ego) is dependent on 8 demons to win the war and he
the eight nooses so that one can be liberated. would cease to be powerful when his army is killed. Similarly Ego will cease to be once these 8
bondages are removed. Now let us look into details what these chains are.
The eight pashas (nooses) do not necessarily block all purusharthas, but block one from moksha.
For example, aversion (ghRîNA) to some things (e.g. aversion to some evil people or aversion to 1-ghRîNA (hatred /aversion): Hate is depicted by demon Udayudha. when Shumbha says 86
some foods etc) is perfectly fine and one can do great dharmik things despite aversion to some Udayudhas be ready, it tells us about the 86 types of hatered which aid our Ego and keeps us
things. Shame and fear of being calling a bad person may make one do good dharmik things in away from divinity. Hatered is a double edged sword. It not only forces us not to love someone it
the world. So shame, fear, aversion etc. may also not stop one from dharma. also nourishes our Ego telling it that it is better than the subject being hated. Ego can hate in 86
ways thus there are 86 Udayudha demons. Ten organs and Four Antakarnas, these fourteen
However, if any sense of shame or fear or aversion to anything is left, one cannot be liberated. The generate hate towards four types of living beings (trees, reptiles/insects, animals and humans).
pashas are strictly in the context of moksha (liberation). They are what block one from liberation. Thus ego has total 56 types of hatered in waking state. In dream state, organs are missing hence 4
They are associated with moksha. The eight pashas need to be destroyed for one to get there! antahkarnas generate this hate for 4 types of living beings.and in dreamless state ego has 10
organs and 4 anthakarans thus all total making 86 types of hatered. These demons keep the ego
8 types of demons are described as coming to war with the Mother (Kalakeyas, mouryas etc). satisfied and powerful. Mother shakti when evoked, kills these 86 hates and frees our Ego from
They stand for these 8 pashas. one bondage called Hatered.
The shadripus or 6 internal enemies (kaama - desires, kridha - anger, lobha - greed, moha - 2- Lajjaa (Shame) : This bondage has been depicted by Kambu demons. Kambu is also a word for
delusion, mada - wantonness, matsarya - jealosy) block one from doing one's dharma (righteous Conch signifying the animal who hides behind the hard shell to protect himself from others. Here
duty) and other purusharthas. They cloud one's judgment and may make one do adharma. Shame or hiding oneself from one's weakness and keeping away from others to save one's self-
respect. This is also a sort of bondage on the soul. Soul hides itself behind 6 bodies and 10
The Ashta Pasha organs and 4 antahkarnas, hence making its number as 84. Here Durga Saptashati very bravely
One cannot understand liberation without first understanding what binds one. Liberation is declares that these demons too are manifestations of Mother only, when it sings (in 5th chapter)
overcoming what binds one. What binds us and what limits our thinking? The eight bondages/
nooses (ashta pashas) are what bind us. The six enemies (shadripus) are what fight us as we try Yaa Devi sarva Bhuteshu Lajjaa rupen sansthhitaa
to loosen the nooses). Namastasaye namastasaye namstasaye namoh namah
(The Mother who manifests in all jiva as Lajja please accept my respects)
As per Tantra philosophy there are 8 bondages/chains which bind soul to the Maya. These
bondages are Ghrina (Hate), Lajjaa (Shame), Bhaya (Fear, shankaa(Doubt), Jugupsaa(censure/ But to liberate ourselves into universal consciousness, this bondage has to be removed.
reproach), Kula (caste), Jaati(creed) and Sheela (Modesty). Any consciousness which is bound by
these 8 bondages is called Jiva (Individual soul) and the consciousness who is free from all these 3- Bhaya (Fear ) : This third bondage is depicted by demon Kautivirya. Fear of death, fear of losing
chains is called Sadashiva (Universal consciousness - Free soul/God). respect or nears and dears keeps the ego busy in Maya and hinders its way towards greater
awareness. Durga Saptashati says Kautivirya is numbered 50. 10 organs and 5 koshas of body are
In Chapter 8 of Durga Saptshati, when Demons Chanda and Munda died, Shumbha the demon the place where fear is generated thus making the number 50 of Kautivirya demons.
king becomes angry and ordered his army to start attacking. He cries ," O demons, I order all 4 - Shankaa (Doubt) : this fourth bondage is shown as Dhaumra demon. All the doubts arise due
to distorted or false knowledge. Our 10 organs and 10 mahabhutas (earth, water, air, fire, ether - 5
69
in gross and 5 in subtle plane) are their solace hence Shumbha calls for 100 dhaumra demons to
win the war. Is it easy to remove these 8 chains (divided into 720 types) so easily? What is the way out then?
YES there is one way. Complete surrender to the Mother. If we, like Paramhansa present our whole
Doubt keeps the ego busy thus keeping it entangled in Maya. being to the Mother, we will see that these demons come forward and present themselves to the
Mother for sacrifice on the altar of our Yajna of Bhakti and liberate our soul towards greater truths.
5- Jugupsa (censure/reproach/disgust) : When due to false knowledge we see others as different
from us, we censure others to prove us right. This too is treated as fifth bondage of the Soul. they To begin with, we have first to leave our cunningness, selfishness and our false pride and
are also of 100 types as in above para. surrender unconditionally to the Mother and request her to break our chains. Mother will not listen
to our request if we first not purify ourselves . Lord Rama says in Ramcharitmanas.
6- kula (caste /attachment to a group based on activity) : Dauhadri demon denotes proud of being
related to one's birth. Even after listening to Brahma Gyana many times, this bondage of birth Nirmal guni jan so mohi pawa
pride does not leave us. Only Mother's kindness can kill this demon and free us from this chain. Mohi kapat chhal chhidra na bhava
They are also of 100 types.
Pious and purifed souls reach me
7 - Jaati (creed /attachment to a group based on birth) : Demon Kalkeya denotes it. Due to false Because I do not like cunningness, selfishness and pride
knowledge, Jiva is proud of his body being special (e.g. human body, white or black) This bondage
is very powerful and no theroetical knowledge of God can remove this. Human souls is re-born So let us begin today on the eve of Durga Ashtami with no prejudicewith no pride and with
again and again mainly due to this bondage. They are also of 100 types complete surrender

8- sheela (Modesty andgood character) : This bondage is denoted by demon Maurya. The Aum Krin Kalikaye namah
modesty means Nature of Jiva, an idea Jiva makes about himself and the universe during the Hari Aum
course of his many births. This bondage is also called Rudra-Granthi. Even after attaining the by Jatinder pal Sandhu
higher stages of spirituality, one is not free from this bondage and only removal of this bondage
one is established into Advaita (union with god). ***
An example of shri Ramakrishna paramhansa will further explain this bondage. When Guru It is really surprising that even modesty could be a hindrance to mukti.
Totapuri met paramhansa to teach him about Advaita, and asked him to sit in samadhi, shri
Paramhansa saw Mother Kali only. Then guru Totapuri ordered paramhansa to take an imaginary To understand this you must remember the fact that Advaita posits a Nirguna Brahman(An
sword and cut the throat of Mother KaliParamhansa was so fond of Mother Kali that he could attribute-less Brahman). Thus to realize an IDENTITY with The One that is "attribute-less" one has
not do it many times and finally when he did that, he was lost into Nirvikalpa samadhi a state of TO BE attribute-less; since as jIvAtmas we are bound in the guNas, we need to "emulate"
highest consciousness. So removal of this bondage is not easy. Only god or a god-sent guru can nirguNa-hood!
remove this final Bondage from Jiva.
That is why even a 'guna' like modesty or good character is an impediment!
Without removing these 8 bondages, Jiva can not know his real self. People may try to do many
types of sadhna, but these sadhnas sometimes further strengthen the bondages. We have to It may be surprising but the example of Totapuri asking Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa to sever
remember one thing there that Moksha and bondages both are in fact imaginary. Getting out of the head of Kali is encouraging him to renounce the lastvestigesof saguna bhava worship which
bondages, one would find that there was nothing called Moksha or bondage and one was already he waspracticing. In Tantra the movement from saguna to nirguna for reaching Advaitic Oneness
free. is done with shocking actions. Totapuri might have assessed Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa's
ripeness for jIvanmukti which is possible only after you move on to nirguNa-brahman! So, he has
Then what is the way out to get ourselves free from these pashas? It is not easy to get rid of these given this "shock-treatment" for from the vantage point of aham-brahmasmi which is the
Pashas. jIvanmukta's state no attributes are to be left. Aren't we talking about the distinction between
knower-known-the process of knowing-knowledge.
In B.Geeta Bhagwan Krishna says :-
by Sh. Mahadeva-Ji
Vishaya vinivartantey nirahaarasya dehina (The abstemious embodied self, of course, keeps off
sensible objects, but not necessarily the relish for them.)
70
dhynam dhanurjy siha ghan nd pritadimukh |
nindair bhaai kl jigye vistritnan || 10
o aru karutaragitk
dhta pkua ba cpa hastm | ta nindamuparutya daitya sainyaicaturdiam |
aimdibhirvt maykhair dev sihas tath kl saroai parivrit || 11
ahamityeva vibhvaye bhavnm ||
etasminantare bhpa vinya suradvim |
o ai hr kl bhavni caikye vicce nama bhavymara sihnmativrya balnvit || 12
brahmea guha vin tathendrasya ca aktaya |

arrebhyo vinikramya tadrpaicaik yayu || 13
o namacadikyai
yasya devasya yadrpa yath bhaavhanam |
o iruvca || 1 tadvadeva hi tacchaktir asurn yoddhumyayau || 14
cae ca nihate daitye mue ca viniptite | hasayukta vimngre skastra kamaalu |

bahuleu ca sainyeu kayiteva surevara || 2 yt brahmaa aktir brahm sbhidhyate || 15
tata kopapardhna cet umbha pratpavn | mhevar vrh trila varadhri |

udyoga sarva sainyn daitynm didea ha || 3 mahhivalay prpt candra rekhvibha || 16
adya sarva balair daity aatirudyudh | kaumr akti hast ca mayra varavhan |
kambn caturatir niryntu svabalair vt || 4 yoddhumabhyyayau daityn ambik guharpi || 17
koivryi pacad asur kulni vai | tathaiva vaiav aktir garuopari sasthit |
ata kulni dhaumr nirgacchantu mamjay || 5 akhacakra gadrga khagahastbhyupyayau || 18
klak daurhd maury klakeys tathsur | yaja vrhamatulam rpa y bibhrato hare |
yuddhya sajj niryntu jay tvarit mama || 6 akti spyyayau tatra vrh bibhrat tanum || 19
ityjpysurapati umbho bhairavasana | nrasih nsihasya bibhrat sada vapu |

nirjagma mahsainya sahasrair bahubhirvta || 7 prpt tatra sakepakipta nakatra sahati || 20
ynta caik dv tat sainyam atibhaam | vajrahast tathaivaindr gajarjopari sthit |

jysvanai praymsa dharagaganntaram || 8 prpt sahasranayan yath akras tathaiva s || 21
tata siho mahndamatva ktavn npa | tatha parivtastbhir no deva aktibhi |

gha svanena tanndam ambik copabhayat || 9 hanyantm asur ghra mama prtyha cadk || 22
71
tato dev arrttu vinikrnttibha | tuaprahra vidhvast dargra katavakasa |
caik aktir atyugr iv atanindin || 23
vrha mrty nyapatacakrea ca vidrit || 36
s cha dhmrajailam nam aparjit |
dta tva gaccha bhagavan prva umbha niumbhayo || 24 nakhairvidritcnyn bhakayant mahsurn |
nrasih cacrjau ndpra digambar || 37
brhi umbha niumbha ca dnavvatigarvitau |
ye cnye dnavs tatra yuddhya samupasthit || 25 caahsairasur iva dtyabhi dit |
petu pthivy patit stcakhdtha s tad || 38
trailokyamindro labhat dev santu havir bhuja |
yya prayta ptla yadi jvitumicchatha || 26 iti mtgaam kruddha mardayanta mahsurn |
dv bhyupyair vividhair neurdevrisainik || 39
balvalepdatha ced bhavanto yuddhakkia |
tad gacchata tpyantu macchiv piitena va || 27 palyanaparn dv daityn mt garditn |
yoddhumabhyyayau kruddho raktabjo mahsura || 40
yato niyukto dautyena tay devy iva svayam |
ivadtti lokesmistata s khytimgat || 28 raktabindur yad bhmau patatyasya arrata |
samutpatati mediny tat pramas tadsura || 41
tepi rutv vaco devy arvkhyta mahsur |
amarprit jagmur yatra ktyyan sthit || 29 yuyudhe sa gad pir indra akty mahsura |
tatacaindr svavajrea raktabjamatayat || 42
tata prathamam evgre ara aktyi vibhi |
vavarurud dhatmars t dev mamarraya || 30 kulienhatasyu bahu susrva oitam |
samuttasthus tato yodhs tadrpstat parkram || 43
s ca tn prahitn b chlaakti paravadhn |
ciccheda llaydhmtadhanurmuktairmaheubhi || 31 yvanta pati tstasya arrd rakta bindava |
tvanta puru jts tadvrya balavikram || 44
tasygratas tath kl lapta vidritn |
khavga pothitcrn kurvat vyacarattad || 32 te cpi yuyudhus tatra puru rakta sambhav |
sama mtbhir atyugra astra ptti bhaam || 45
kamadalu jalkepa hatavryn hatau jasa |
brahm ckarocchatrn yena yena sma dhvati || 33 punaca vajra ptena katamasya iro yad |
vavha rakta purus tato jt sahasraa || 46
mhevar trilena tath cakrea vaiav |
daity jaghna kaumr tath aktytikopan || 34 vaiav samare caina cakrebhi jaghna ha |
gaday taymsa aindr tamasurevaram || 47
aindr kuliaptena atao daitya dnav |
peturvidrit pthvy rudhiraughapravaria || 35
72
vaiav cakrabhinnasya rudhirasrva sambhavai | jaghna raktabja ta cmupta oitam |
sahasrao jagadvypta tatpramair mahsurai || 48 sapapta mahphe astra sagha samhata || 61
akty jaghna kaumr vrh ca tathsin | nraktaca mahpla raktabjo mahsura |

mhevar trilena raktabja mahsuram || 49 tataste haramatulam avpustrida npa || 62
sa cpi gaday daitya sarv evhanat pthak | te mtgao jto nanarts madoddhata || 63
mt kopa samvio raktabjo mahsura || 50
o
tasyhatasya bahudh aktildibhir bhuvi |
papta yo vai raktau ghastensa chataosur || 51
tai csur sksambhtair asurai sakala jagat |

vyptam st tato dev bhayamjagmuruttamam || 52
tn vian surn dv caik prha satvar |

uvca klm cmue vistra vadana kuru || 53
macchastra pta sambhtn raktabindhn mahsurn |

raktabindo pratccha tva vaktrenena vegin || 54
bhakayant cara rae tadutpannn mahsurn |

evamea kaya daitya karakto gamiyati || 55
bhakyams tvay cogr nacotpatsyanti cpare |

ityuktv t tato dev lenbhi jaghna tam || 56
mukhena kl jaghe raktabjasya oitam |

tatosvjaghntha gaday tatra caikm || 57
na csy vedan cakre gadptolpikmapi |

tasyhatasya dehttu bahu susrva oitam || 58
yatas tatas tad vaktrea cmu sampratcchati |

mukhe samudgat yesy rakta ptn mahsur || 59
tcakhdtha cmu papau tasya ca oitam |

dev lena vajrea bairasibhir ibhi || 60
73
chapter 9 o bandh kakcananibha rucirka ml

pkuau cavarad nijabhudaai |
bibhramindu akalbharaa trintram
ardhmbike amania vapurraymi ||
o ai hr kl ardhmbika caikye vicce nama
The Slaying of Nishumbha
Nishumbha represents the attachment (mamata) to body, mind, possessions, family and
social roles, group affiliations, identity and beliefs too, among other adjuncts (upadhis).
Nishumbha represents the attachment to all its objective attributes; the concept of me,
mine, my children, spouse, or family.
This sense of attachment leads to the misidentification of the true Self.
74
o namacadikyai kopdhmto niumbhotha la jagrha dnava |
yta muiptena dev taccpya crayat || 14
o rjovca || 1
vidhytha gad sopi cikepa caik prati |
vicitramidamkhyta bhagavan bhavat mama | spi devy trilena bhinn bhasmatvamgat || 15
devy carita mhtmya raktabja vadhritam || 2
tata parauhastatamynta daityapugavam |
bhyacec chmyaha rotu raktabje niptite | hatya dev baughairaptayata bhtale || 16
cakra umbho yatkarma niumbhacti kopana || 3
tasmin nipatite bhmau niumbhe bhmavikrame |
iruvca || 4 bhrtaryatva sakruddha prayayau hantum ambikm || 17
cakra kopamatula raktabje niptite | sa rathasthas tatht yuccair ghtaparamyudhai |

umbhsuro niumbhaca hatevanyeu chave || 5 bhujair abhir atulair vypyea babhau nabha || 18
hanyamna mahsainya vilokymaramudvahan | tamynta samlokya dev akhamavdayat |

abhyadhvanniumbhotha mukhyaysura senay || 6 jyabda cpi dhanua cakrtva dusaham || 19
tasygratas tath pe prvayoca mahsur | praymsa kakubho nijagha svanena ca |

sadaauha pu kruddh hantu devmupyayu || 7 samasta daitya sainyn tejo vadhavidhyin || 20
jagma mahvrya umbhopi svabalair vta | tata siho mahndais tyjitebha mahmadai |
nihantu caikm kopt ktv yuddha tu mtbhi || 8 praymsa gagana g tathaiva dio daa || 21
tato yuddhamatvsd devy umbha niumbhayo | tata kl samutpatya gagana kmmatayat |

aravaramatvogra meghayoriva varato || 9 karbhy tanni ndena prksvanste tirohit || 22
cicchedstcharstbhy caik svaarot karai | aahsamaiva ivadt cakra ha |
taymsa cgeu astraughairasurevarau || 10 tai abdairasurstresu umbha kopa para yayau || 23
niumbho niita khaga carma cdya suprabham | durtmastiha tiheti vyjahrmbik yad |
atayanmrdhni siha devy vhanamuttamam || 11 tad jayetyabhihita devairka sasthitai || 24
tite vhane dev kurapresimuttamam | umbhengatya y aktir mukt jvltibha |

niumbhasyu ciccheda carma cpyaa candrakam || 12 ynt vahni kbh s nirast maholkay || 25
chinne carmai khage ca akti cikepa sosura | sihandena umbhasya vypta lokatrayntaram |
tmapyasya dvidh cakre cakrebhimukhgatm || 13 nirghtani svano ghoro jitavna vanpate || 26
75
umbha mukt charndev umbhastat prahit charn | khada khada ca cakrea vaiavy dnav kth |
ciccheda svaarairugrai ataotha sahasraa || 27 vajrea caindr hastgra vimuktena tathpare || 40
tata s caik kruddh lenbhi jaghna ta | kecid vineurasur kecinna mahhavt |

sa tadbhihato bhmau mrcchito nipapta ha || 28 bhakitcpare kl ivadt mgdhipai || 41
tato niumbha samprpya cetanmtta krmuka | o

jaghna arair devi kl kesaria tath || 29
punaca ktv bhnmayuta danujevara |

cakryudhena ditija chdaymsa caikm || 30
tato bhagavat kruddh durg durgrti nin |

ciccheda tni cakri svaarai syakca tn || 31
tato niumbho vegena gadmdya caikm |

abhyadhvata vai hantu daityasen samvta || 32
tasypatata evu gad ciccheda caik |

khagena itadhrea sa ca la samdade || 33
la hastam samynta niumbhamamarrdanam |

hdi vivydha lena vegviddhena caik || 34
bhinnasya tasya lena hdayn nistopara |

mahbalo mahvryas tiheti puruo vadan || 35
tasya nikrmato dev prahasya svanavat tata |

iraciccheda khagena tatosvapatadbhuvi || 36
tata siha cakhdogra darkua irodharn |

asurststath kl ivadt tath parn || 37
kaumr akti nirbhinn kecin neur mahsur |

brahm mantra ptena toyennye nirkt || 38
mhevar trilena bhinn petustathpare |

vrhi tuda ghtena kecic crkt bhuvi || 39
76
chapter 10 o uttaptahema rucir ravi candra vani

ntr dhanu arayut.kua pa lam |
ramyair bhujaica dadhat iva akti rp
kmevar hdibhajmi dhtendulekhm ||
o ai hr kl kmevar caikye vicce nama
The Slaying of Shumbha
Shumbha denotes the ego, the false sense of self, the limited self.
The Self (Atman) is not the same as non-self (anatman). It is ignorance that gives rise to
the mistaken identify that the non-self is identical to the Self.
Devi kills by piercing the asura with Her spear of knowledge (gnana). The death of the
limited ego leads to the relinquishing of a limited identity, and gaining the realisation of
the true Self.
77
o namacadikyai tata araatair devmcchdayata sosura |
spi tat kupit dev dhanu ciccheda ceubhi || 14
o iruvca || 1
chinne dhanui daityendras tath aktimathdade |
niumbha nihata dv bhrtara prasammitam | ciccheda dev cakrea tmapyasya karesthitm || 15
hanyamna bala caiva umbha kruddhobravd vaca || 2
tata khagamupdya atacandra ca bhnumat |
balvalepd due tva m durge garvamvaha | abhyadhvat tad dev daitynm adhipevara || 16
anys balamritya yuddhyase ytimnin || 3
tasypatata evu khaga ciccheda caik |
devyuvca || 4 dhanurmuktai itair baicarma crka karmalam || 17
ekaivha jagatyatra dvity k mampar | hatva sa tad daitya chinnadhanv visrathi |

payait dua mayyeva viantyo madvibhtaya || 5 jagrha mudgara ghoramambik nidhanodyata || 18
tata samastst devyo brahmpramukh layam | cicched patatastasya mudgara niitai arai |
tasy devys tanau jagmur ekaivst tadmbik || 6 tathpi sobhyadhvatt muimudyamya vegavn || 19
devyuvca || 7 sa mui ptaymsa hdaye daitya pugava |

devysta cpi s dev talenorasya tayat || 20
aha vibhty bahubhir iha rpair yad sthit |
tat sahta mayaikaiva tihmyjau sthiro bhava || 8 talaprahrbhihato nipapta mahtale |
sa daitya rja sahas punareva tathotthita || 21
iruvca || 9
utpatya ca praghyoccair dev gaganamsthita |
tata pravavte yuddha devy umbhasya cobhayo |
tatrpi s nirdhr yuyudhe tena caik || 22
payat sarva devnm asur ca druam || 10
niyuddha khe tad daityacaik ca parasparam |
aravarai itai astrais tath straicaiva druai |
cakratu prathama siddhamunivismaya krakam || 23
tayor yuddha mabhdhya sarva lokabhayakaram || 11
tato niyuddha sucira ktv tenmbik saha |
divynyastri atao mumuce ynyathmbik |
utptya bhrmay msa cikepa dharatale || 24
babhaja tni daityendras tatpratghta kartbhi || 12
sa kipto dhara prpya muimudyamya vegita |
muktn tena cstri divyni paramevar |
abhyadhvata dutm caik nidhanec chay || 25
babhaja llayaivogra hukroc cradibhi || 13
tamynta tato dev sarva daitya janevaram |
jagaty ptaymsa bhittv lena vakasi || 26
78
sa gatsu paptorvy dev lgravikata |
clayan sakal pthv sbdhi dvp saparvatm || 27
tata prasannamakhila hate tasmin durtmani |

jagat svsthyamatvpa nirmala cbhavannabha || 28
utptamegh solk ye prgsaste ama yayu |

sarito mrga vhinyas tath sastatra ptite || 29
tato devaga sarve haranirbhara mnas |

babhvurnihate tasmin gandharv lalita jagu || 30
avdayastathaivnye nantucpsaro ga |
vavu puystath vt suprabhobhddivkara || 31
jajvalucgnaya nt nt digjanitasvan || 32
79
chapter 11 o blaravidyutim indu kir

tugakuc nayanatrayayuktm |
smeramukh varadkuap bhtikar
prabhaje bhuvanem ||
o ai hr kl bhuvanewar caikye vicce nama
80
o namacadikyai siddha mantra to obtain deliverance and heaven
sarvasya buddhirpea janasya hdi sasthite |

o i ruvca || 1 svarg pavargade devi nryai namostu te || 8
devy hate tatra mahsurendre kalkhdi rpea parima pradyini |

sendr sur vani purogamstm | vivasyo paratau akte nryai namostu te || 9
ktyyan tuuvuria lbhd
viksi vaktrb javiki t || 2 arati hymn (DM11.10.12)
siddha mantra to obtain all around well being
devi prapannrti hare prasda sarva magala mgalye ive sarvrtha sdhike |
prasda mtar jagatokhilasya | araye tryambake gauri nryai namostu te || 10
prasda vivevari phi viva
siddha mantra to obtain strength
tvamvar devi carcarasya || 3
sisthitivinn aktibhte santani |
dhrabht jagatas tvamek guraye guamaye nryai namostu te || 11
mahsvarpea yata sthitsi |
siddha mantra to eliminate personal calamity
ap svarpa sthitay tvayaitad-
aragata dnrta paritra paryae |
pyyate ktsnamalaghyavrye || 4
sarvasyrti hare devi nryai namostu te || 12
siddha mantra to obtain moksha, salvation
the 9 Shaktis (as different forms of Nryai) who fought the demons
tva vaiav aktir anantavry
hasayukta vimnasthe brahm rpa dhrii |
vivasya bja paramsi my |
kaumbhakarike devi nryai namostu te || 13
sammohita devi samastametat
tva vai prasann bhuvi mukti hetu || 5 trila candrhidhare mahvabha vhini |
siddha mantra to obtain all skills and motherly affection
mhevarvarpea nryai namostu te || 14
vidy samaststava devi bhed mayra kukkuavte mahakti dharenaghe |
striya samast sakal jagatsu | kaumrrpa sasthne nryai namostu te || 15
tvayaikay pritamambayaitat
k te stuti stavyapar parokti || 6 akha cakra gad rga ghta paramyudhe |
prasda vaiav rpe nryai namostu te || 16
siddha mantra to obtain salvation and heaven
sarvabht yad dev svarga mukti pradyin | ghtogra mahcakre daroddhta vasudhare |
tva stut stutaye k v bhavantu paramoktaya || 7 varharpi ive nryai namostu te || 17
81
nsiharpeogrea hantu daityn ktodyame | asursg vaspaka carcitaste karojjvala |
trailokya tra sahite nryai namostu te || 18 ubhya khago bhavatu caike tv nat vayam || 28
kirini mahvajre sahasra nayanojjvale | siddha mantra to eliminate personal illness.

vtra pra hare caindri nryai namostu te || 19 rognae napahasi tut
ru tu kmn sakaln abhn |
ivadt svarpea hata daitya mahbale |
tvmritn na vipanna.r
ghorarpe mahrve nryai namostu te || 20
tvm.rit hy.rayat praynti || 29
das karlavadane iro ml vibhae |
etat kta yat kadana tvaydya
cmue mua mathane nryai namostu te || 21
dharma dvi devi mahsurm |
lakmi lajje mahvidye raddhe pui svadhe dhruve | rpairanekair bahudhtma mrti
mahrtri mahmye nryai namostu te || 22 ktvmbike tat prakaroti kny || 30
medhe sarasvati vare bhti bbhravi tmasi | vidysu streu vivekadpe-

niyate tva prasdee nryai namostu te || 23 vdyeu vkyeu ca k tvadany |
mamatvagartetimahndhakre
siddha mantra for protection (protect us from danger)
vibhrmayatye tadatva vivam || 31
sarva svarpe sarvee sarvaakti samanvite |
bhayebhyastrhi no devi durge devi namostu te || 24 siddha mantra to be safe from all turmoils (demons, serpents of poison, enemies)
raksi yatro gravica ng

siddha mantra for protection (protect us from ghosts)
yatrrayo dasyubalni yatra |
etatte vadana saumya locana trayabhitam | dvnalo yatra tathbdhimadye
ptu na sarvabhtibhya ktyyani namostu te || 25 tatra sthit tva paripsi vivam || 32
siddha mantra for protection (protect us from danger)
vivevari tva paripsi viva
jvlkarlamatyugramaesura sdanam | vivtmik dhrayasti vivam |
trila ptu no bhter bhadrakli namostu te || 26 viveavandy bhavat bhavanti
siddha mantra for protection
vivrayye tvayi bhakti namr || 33
- by following the procedures of Durga Dipadana and chanting the Shloka ' Hinasti daitya
tejaamsi' accompanied with the ringing of the bell (ghaNTA vAdana), all evil spirits are devi prasida pariplaya noribhiter-
destroyed.
nitya yathsura vadhdadhunaiva sadya |
hinasti daitya tejsi svanenprya y jagat |
ppni sarva jagat praama nayu
s gha ptu no devi ppebhyo na sutniva || 27
utptapka janitca mahopasargn || 34
82
siddha mantra to obtain happiness tatohamakhila lokam tmadeha samudbhavai |
praatn prasda tva devi vivrtihrii | bhariymi sur kair ve pradhrakai || 48
trailokya vsin mye lokn varad bhava || 35
kambharti vikhyti tad ysymyaha bhuvi |
devyuvca || 36 tatraiva ca vadhiymi durgamkhya mahsuram || 49
varadha surga vara yanmana secchatha | durg devti vikhyta tanme nma bhaviyati |
ta vudhva prayacchmi jagatmupakrakam || 37 punacha yad bhma rpa ktv himcale || 50
devcu || 38 raksi bhakayiymi munn trakrat |

tad m munaya sarve stoyanty namra mrtaya || 51
siddha mantra to pacification of miseries in the triple world and destruction of our enemies
sarv bdh praamana trailokyasykhilevari | bhm devti vikhyta tanme nma bhaviyati |
evameva tvay kryamasmad vairivinanam || 39 yadrukhyas trailokye mahbdh kariyati || 52
devyuvca || 40 tadha bhrmara rpa ktvsakhyeyaapadam |

trailokyasya hitrthya vadhiymi mahsuram || 53
vaivasvatentare prpte a viatime yuge |
umbho niumbha caivnyvutpatsyete mahsurau || 41 bhrmarti ca m lokstad stoyanti sarvata |
ittha yad yad bdh dnavotth bhaviyati || 54
nanda gopa ghe jt yaod garbha sambhav |
tatastau nayiymi vindhycalanivsin || 42 tad tad vatryha kariymyari sakayam || 55
punarapyatiraudrea rpea pthivtale | o

avatrya haniymi vaipracittstu dnavn || 43
bhakayantyca tnugrn vaipracittn mahsurn |

rakt dant bhaviyanti dimkusumopam || 44
tato m devat svarge martyaloke ca mnav |

stuvanto vyhariyanti satata rakta dantikm || 45
bhyaca atavrikyman vymanambhasi |

munibhi sastut bhmau sabhaviymya yonij || 46
tata atena netr nirkiymi yanmunn |

krtayiyanti manuj atkmiti m tata || 47
83
chapter 12 o vidyud dmasamaprabh mgapati skandhasthit bha

trinetr bhaje ||
o ai hr kl agni durg caikye vicce nama
The Devi said, With a concentrated mind, whoever shall pray to me constantly with
these hymns, I shall without doubt put an end to all his troubles Whoever extols my
deeds relating to the destruction of Madhu and Kaitabha, the killing of Mahishasura and
likewise the slaughter of Shumbha and Nishumbha, whoever listens devotedly with a
focused mind, to my glories sung in this Mahatmyam, on the eighth, the fourteenth and
on the ninth days of the fortnight, to them nothing bad shall happen, nor calamities that
arise from wrong doings nor poverty nor separation from beloved ones. Neither fear from
enemies, robbers, kings, nor from weapons, fire and floods. Hence this, my Mahatmyam,
must be chanted by those of concentrated minds and listened to constantly with
devotion, for it is the supreme way to well-being.
84
o namacadikyai siddha mantra to obtain wealth and progeny; over riding all obstacles
sarv bdh vinir mukto dhanadhnya sutnvita |

o devyuvca || 1 manuyo matprasdena bhaviyati nasaaya || 13
ebhi stavaica m nitya stoyate ya samhita | rutv mamaitan mhtmya tath cotpattaya ubh |
tasyha sakal bdh nayiymya saayam || 2 par krama ca yuddheu jyate nirbhaya pumn || 14
madhu kaiabha na ca mahisura ghtanam | ripava sakaya ynti kalya copapadyate |

krtayiyanti ye tadvad vadha umbha niumbhayo || 3 nandate ca kula pus mhtmya mama vatm || 15
aamy ca caturday navamy caikacetasa | nti karmai sarvatra tath dusvapna darane |
royanti caiva ye bhakty mama mhtmyamuttamam || 4 grahapsu cogrsu mhtmya u ynmama || 16
na te dukta kicid duktotth nacpada | upasarg ama ynti grahapca dru |

bhaviyati nadridrya na caivea viyojanam || 5 dusvapna ca nbhirda susvapnamupajyate || 17
atruto nabhaya tasya dasyuto v narjata | blagrahbhi bhtn bln nti krkam |
na astrnalatoyaught kadcit sambhaviyati || 6 saghtabhede ca n maitr karaamuttamam || 18
tasmn mamai tanmhtmya pahitavya samhitai | durvttnmae balahnikara param |

rotavya ca sad bhakty para svastyayana hi tat || 7 rakobhta picn pahandeva nanam || 19
upasargnaestu mahmri samudbhavn | sarva mamaitan mhtmya mama sannidhi krakam |

tath trividhamutpta mhtmya amayenmama || 8 paupuprghyadhpaica gandha dpais tathottamai || 20
yatraitat pahyate samya nityamyatane mama | vipr bhojanairhomai prokayairaharniam |

sad natadvimokymi snidhya tatra me sthitam || 9 anyaica vividhairbhogai pradnairvatsarea y || 21
bali pradne pjym agnikrye mahotsave | prtirme kriyate ssmin sakt sucarite rute |
sarva mamaitaccaritam uccrya rvya meva ca || 10 ruta harati ppni tathrogya prayacchati || 22
jnatjnat vpi bali pjm tath ktm | rak karoti bhtebhyo janman krtana mama |
pratcchiymyaha prty vani homa tath ktam || 11 yuddheu carita yanme duadaitya nibarhaam || 23
aratkle mahpj kriyate y ca vrik | tasmichrute vairikta bhaya pus na jyate |

tasy mamai tan mhtmya rutv bhakti samanvita || 12 yumbhi stutayo yca yca brahmaribhi kt || 24
85
brahma ca ktststu prayacchanti ubh matim | saiva kle mahmr saiva sir bhavatyaj |
araye prntare vpi dvgni parivrita || 25 sthiti karoti bhtn saiva kle santn || 39
dasyubhirv vta nye ghto vpi atrubhi | bhavakle n saiva lakmr vddhiprad ghe |
sihavyghrnuyto v vane v vanahastibhi || 26 saiv bhve tathlakmr vinyopajyate || 40
rj kruddhena cjapto vadhyo bandha gatopi v | stut sampjit pupair dhpa gandhdibhis tath |
ghrito v vtena sthita pote mahrave || 27 dadti vitta putrca mati dharme gati ubhm || 41
patatsu cpi astreu sagrme bhadrue | o

sarvbdhsu ghorsu vedanbhyarditopi v || 28
smaran mamaitac carita naro mucyeta sakat |

mama prabhvt sihdy dasyavo vairiastath || 29
drdeva palyante smaratacarita mama || 30
i ruvca || 31
ityuktv s bhagavat caik caa vikram || 32
payatmeva devn tatraivntaradhyata |

tepi dev nirtak svdhikrn yath pur || 33
yaja bhgabhuja sarve cakrur vinihatraya |

daityca devy nihate umbhe devaripau yudhi || 34
jagad vidhvasini tasmin mahogretulavikrame |

niumbhe ca mahvrye e ptlamyayu || 35
eva bhagavat dev s nitypi puna puna |

sambhya kurute bhpa jagata pariplanam || 36
tayaitanmohyate viva saiva viva prasyate |

s ycit ca vijna tu ddhi prayacchati || 37
vypta tayaitat sakala brahma manujevara |

mahkly mahkle mahmr svarpay || 38
86
chapter 13 o blrkamadalbhs
caturbhu trilocanm |
pkuavarbhtr
dhrayant iv bhaje ||
o ai hr kl iv dharik paramevar r vidy saptaat

caikye vicce nama
87
o namacadikyai yat prrthyate tvay bhpa tvay ca kulanandana |
mattastatprpyat sarva paritu dadmi tat || 15
o iruvca || 1
mrkaeya uvca || 16
etatte kathita bhpa dev mhtmyamuttamam || 2
tato vavre npo rjyamavibhrayanyajanmani |
eva prabhv s dev yayeda dhryate jagat | atraiva ca nija rjya hata atru bala balt || 17
vidy tathaiva kriyate bhagavad viu myay || 3
sopi vaiyas tato jna vavre nirviamnasa |
tay tvamea vaiyaca tathaivnye vivekina | mametyahamiti prja saga vicyuti krakam || 18
mohyante mohitcaiva mohameyanti cpare || 4
devyuvca || 19
tmupaihi mahrja araa paramevarm |
rdhit saiva n bhogasvarg pavargad || 5 svalpairahobhir npate sva rjya prpsyate bhavn || 20
mrkaeya uvca || 6 hatv ripnas khalita tava tatra bhaviyati || 21
iti tasya vaca rutv suratha sa nardhipa || 7 mtaca bhya samprpya janma devd vivasvata || 22
praipatya mahbhga tami asitavratam | variko nma manur bhavn bhuvi bhaviyati || 23
nirviotimamatvena rjy paharaena ca || 8
vaiyavarya tvay yasca varosmattobhivchita || 24
jagma sadyas tapase sa ca vaiyo mahmune |
sadara nrtham amby nad pulina sasthita || 9 ta prayacchmi sasiddhyai tava jna bhaviyati || 25
sa ca vaiyas tapastape dev skta para japan | mrkaeya uvca || 26

tau tasmin puline devy ktv mrti mahmaym || 10
iti dattv tayordev yath bhilaita varam || 27
arha cakratustasy pupa dhpgni tarpaai |
babhvntarhit sadyo bhakty tbhymabhiut |
nirhrau yathrau tanmanaskau samhitau || 11
eva devy vara labdhv suratha katriyarabha || 28
dadatustau bali caiva nijagtr sgukitam |
sryjjanma samsdya svarir bhavit manu || 29
eva samrdhayatostribhir varair yattmano || 12
eva devy vara labdhv suratha katriyarabha |
paritu jagaddhtr pratyaka prha caik || 13
sryjjanma samsdya svarir bhavit manu || 30
devyuvca || 14
| kl o |
88
|| rsaptaatdevmhtmya samptam ||
|| o tat sat o ||
89
DEVI MHTMYA
concluding
stotras
CONCLUDING STOTRAS o
hday nysa
khagin ulin ghor gadin cakri tath ||
akhin cpin ba bhuud parighyudh |
hdayya nama
irase svh
ikhyai vaa
saumyni yan rpi trailokye vicaranti te |
yni ctyarthaghori tai raksmstath bhuvam ||
kavacya hu
khagalagaddni yni cstri tembike |
netratrayya vauat
astrya pha
o bhrbhuvassuvaroitidikvimoka
91
CONCLUDING STOTRAS dhynam
saptaat dhynam
o vidyud dmasamaprabh mgapati skandhasthit
bha
trinetr bhaje ||
I meditate upon the three-eyed

Goddess, Durga, the Reliever of
Difficulties;
the luster of her beautiful body is like
lightening. She sits upon the shoulders
of a lion and appears very fierce. Many
maidens, holding the double-edged
sword and shield in their hands are
standing at readiness to serve Her.
She holds in Her hands the discus &
club, double-edged sword & shield,
arrow & bow, noose & the mudra
connecting the thumb and pointer
fingers extended upwards, indicating
the granting of wisdom.
Her intrinsic nature is fore, and upon
Her head, She wears the moon as a
crown.
92
CONCLUDING STOTRAS la pthivytmikyai nama | gandha kalpaymi
roll thumbs on little fingers of both hands - offering gandham. Request Devi to imagine this offering of
saptaat panchopachram




Amrit or Ambrosia.

to you.
93
CONCLUDING STOTRAS
navkari (navra) japam
NAVKARI ( NAVRA ) JAPAM = >? @? BC( 8EF

Surrender self to mantra before japam.
Pray for purification of mind (when mind becomes pure and free from desires
it attains liberation).
Visualise deity on crown lotus and self moving into and merging with deity o ai hr kl cmuyai vicce
Visualise oneness with the divine infinite consciousness with self
transforming into meditational deity. (108 times i.e. 1 mala or multiples of mala)
94
CONCLUDING STOTRAS o ai hdayya nama touch heart-center with fingertips of both hands
navkari hday (anga) h rm i rase svh top of head
kl ikhyai vaa back of head
nysa cmuyai kavacya clasp upper part of arms just below shoulder with
arms crossed at chest
hu
vicce net rat rayya vauat 3 eyes
ai h r kl cmuyai While saying this, trace a clockwise circle around

your body using your right hand. Clockwise as if
vicce ast rya phat you were looking down on your head from above.
As you say "phat", you can clap your hands
loudly and decisively either once or 3 times.
Clapping loudly is considered to break up any
stagnant or negative energy patterns in the room,
and to scatter any uncooperative entities in the
area. So do this with a firm will and determination
that nothing is going to deter you from your
purpose of chanting Mother's sacred names.
(Astra means a fiery missile, so here we are
tracing a subtle circular shield of fire, to protect
us while we practice. Phat is a powerful sound of
expelling and repelling negative energy.)
o bh rbhuvassuva ro | While saying this, you can again pass your right
hand in a clockwise circle above and around your
itidikbanda body. While doing this, you can snap your fingers.
Traditionally, ones snaps in each of the 10
directions (front, front-right, right, right-back,
back, left-back, left, front-left, up, and down). But
you can just snap a bunch of times and mentally
think of the 10 directions. ("Bhurbhuvassuvarom"
contains 4 words, bhuhu, bhuvaha, suvaha, and
Om. These are the same 4 words in the first line
of Gayatri Mantra. Bhuhu refers to the Earth,
bhuvaha refers to the next level or loka, and
suvaha refers to a level higher than that, like a
heaven or astral realm. By snapping in all
directions, we protect ourselves from
unnecessary intrusions that might come from any
direction
95
CONCLUDING STOTRAS dhynam
navkari dhynam khaga cakra gades cpa parigh chla bhuud ira


96
CONCLUDING STOTRAS la pthivytmikyai nama | gandha kalpaymi
navkari panchopachram roll thumbs on little fingers of both hands - offering gandham. Request Devi to imagine this offering of




Amrit or Ambrosia.

to you.
97
gvedokta devsktam audio o
aha rudrebhir vasubhi carm yaham dityai ruta viva
vedic pronunciation devai |
aha mitr varuobh bibharmyaham indrgn ..
(hold iPad in landscape mode to listen to ahamavinobh || 1
audio clip and navigate text simultaneously)
aha somamhanasa bibhharmyaha tvaramuta

paa bhagam |
aha dadhmidravia havimate suprvyeye..yeyajamnya
sunvate || 2
aha rr sagaman vasn cikitu pratham

yajiynm |
In this hymn, the Goddess expresses Her primary place as the source and power of all that exists in the
tm dev vyadadhu purutr bhristhtr
vast universe, including the Gods themselves. She also asserts Her identity as the absolute One all bhryy veayantm 3
the Gods are but facets and expressions of Her ultimate divine presence.
She also expresses Her grace, affirming that She sustains not only the sadhaka one who has
accepted a guru with humility and sincerely practices with the goal of liberation but also those who may so annamatti yo vipayati ya priti ya ..
deny Her or are totally unaware of Her existence.
otyuktam |
For those who are truly devoted and committed to spiritual discipline, Devi says that She obliterates the amantavo m ta upa kiyanti rudhi ruta raddhiva te
obstacles to their progress and spiritual awakening. vadmi || 4
Finally, Devi proclaims Herself to be the source (yoni) of all creation, the source of creative power itself,
and reveals Herself as both immanent and transcendent being, consciousness as well as manifested
reality. Ultimately, Devi is all that is, both manifest and unmanifest, embracing and surpassing the limits
of the limitless universe.
ahameva svayamida vadmi jua devebhiruta mnuebhi
|
See the deity as Self. See that the deity fills everyone and everything. See that the entire universes ya kmaye ta tamugra komi ta brahma tai ta
exists within that deity. Have no desires and just surrender to that deity.
sumedhm || 5
aha rudrya dhanur tanomi brahmadvie arave hantav u |

aha janya samada komyaha dyv pthiv .. vivea
|| 6
aha suve pitaramasya mrddhan mamayoni

rapsv(a.. a)nta samudre |
tato vitihe bhuvannu vivo tm dy
varmaopa spami || 7
98
ahameva vtaiva pravm yrabham bhuvan niviv |
paro div para en pthivyai tvat mahin sababhva || 8
o nti nti nti
99
CONCLUDING STOTRAS iva uvca
kujik stotram u devi pravakymi kujik stotramuttamam |

yena mantra prabhvea cad jpa ubho bhavet ||
na kavaca nrgal stotra klakam na rahasyaka |

na skta npi hyna cananyso na ca vrcanam ||
kujik pha mtrea durg pha phala labhet |

ati guhyatara devi devnmapi durlabham ||
gopanya prayatnena svayoniriva prvati |

mraa mohana vaya stambhanocca ndika |
pha mtrea sasiddhyet kujik stotramuttamam ||
This is the essence of the Chandi, the Navarna Mantra, the constant reminder that change She will,
change She must, because change is Her intrinsic Nature. (CHANT IN ONE FULL BREATH)
Kunjika literally means something overgrown or hidden by growth or growing things. Siddha means o ai hrm kl cmuyai vicce ||
perfection. Stotram is the song. The Song of Perfection which is no longer hidden because of growth.
That is, our spiritual growth and understanding of the Chandi exposes the hidden meanings of the bija o glau hu kl j sa
mantras in the Song.
jvlaya jvlaya jvala jvala prajvala prajvala
ai hrm kl cmuyai vicce

jvala ha sa la kam pha svh ||
namaste rudra rpiyai namaste madhu mardini |

nama kaiabha hriyai namaste mahirdini || 1
namaste umbha hantryaica niumbhsuraghtini || 2
jgrata hi mah devi japa siddha kuruvame |

aikr si rpyai hrmkr prati plik || 3
klkr kma rpiyai bja rpe namostute |

cmu caa ght ca yaikr varadyin || 4
vicce c bhayad nitya namaste mantra rpii || 5
dh dh dh dhrjae patn v v v vga dhvar |

kr kr kr klik devi me ubha kuru || 6
100
hu hu hukra rpiyai ja ja ja jambhandin |
bhr bhr bhr bhairav bhadre bhavnyai te namo nama ||
7
a ka ca a ta pa ya a v du ai v ha ka |
dhijgra dhijgra troaya troaya dpta kuru kuru svh ||
p p p prvat pr kh kh kh khecar tath || 8
s s s saptaat devy mantra siddhi kuruva me || 9
ida tu kujik stotram mantra jgarti hetave |

abhakte naiva dtavya gopita raka prvati ||
yastu kujika y devihn saptaat pahet |

na tasya jyate siddhiraraye rodana yath ||
101
CONCLUDING STOTRAS
durg suktam o jtavedase sunavma somamartyato nidahti veda |

sa na paradati durgi viv nveva sindhu durittyagni || 1
tmagnivar tapas jvalant vairocan karmaphaleu jum |

durg devim araamaha prapadya sutarasi tarase nama || 2
agne tva pray navyo asmn-svasti bhirati durgi viv |

pca pthv bahulna urv bhav tokya tanayya ayo || 3
vivni no durgah jtavedassindhu na nv durittipari |

DURG SUKTAM
agne atrivanmanas gnosmka bodhyavit tannm || 4
ptanjitam sahamnamugramagnim huvema

paramthsadhastht |
sa na paradati durgi viv kmaddevo atidurittyagni || 5
pratnoikamyo adhvareu sancca hot navyaca sathsi |

svcgne tanuva piprayasvsmabhya ca
saubhgyamyajasva || 6
durg suktam
gobhirjuamayujoniitkta tavendra vioranusacarema |
nkasya phamabhisavasno vaiav loka iha mdayantm ||
7
vedic pronunciation
om ktyyanya vidmahe kanykumri dhmahi |
(hold iPad in landscape mode to listen to tanno durgi pracodayt ||
audio clip and navigate text simultaneously)
o nti nti nti ||
102
CONCLUDING STOTRAS o
ksama prarthana apardha sahasri kriyanteharnia may |

dsoyamiti m matv kamasva paramevari ||
avhana na jnmi na jnmi visarjanam |

pjm caiva na jnmi kamyat paramevari ||
mantrahna kriyhna bhaktihna surevari |

yatpjita may devi paripra tadastu me ||
apardhaata ktv jagadambeti coccaret |

y gati samavpnoti na tm brahmdaya sur ||
spardhosmi araa prptastv jagadambike |

idnmanukampyoha yathecchasi tath kuru ||
ajndvismter bhrnty yannynamadhika ktam |

tat sarva kamyat devi prasda paramevari ||
kmevari jaganmta saccidnandavigrahe |

ghrcmim prty prasda paramevari ||
guhytiguhyagoptr tva ghsmatkta japam |

siddhir bhavatu me devi tvat prasdt surevari ||
103
DEVI MHTMYA
appendix
APPENDIX
prdhnika rahasyam
PRDHNIKA RAHASYAM
The primal Mahalakshmi is constituted of all 3 gunas (triguna) and Her

svarupa forms of Mahakali (tamas), Malakshmi (rajas) and Mahasaraswati
(sattva).
Each of these forms then created a twin male-female form;
Mahalakshmi
produced Brahma / Lakshmi;
Mahakali
produced Rudra / Saraswati;
Mahasaraswati
produced Vishnu / Gauri.
105
The Unmanifest
Chandi
Mahalakshmi
Mahakali Mahalakshmi Mahasarasvati

4 arms 4 arms 4 arms
Rudra Sarasvati Brahma Lakshmi Visnu Gauri
The Manifest / Incarnated
Mahakali Mahalakshmi Mahasarasvati
10 armed 18 armed 8 armed
1st carita 2nd carita 3rd carita
hymn in ch. 1 hymn in ch. 4 hymn in ch. 11

APPENDIX The Chandika Chakra yantra is constructed by drawing an eight
petalled lotus with a Shatkona (six-pointed star) in its centre.
yantra The first three Bijas of the Navarna mantra are written in the
centre of the Shatkona. The rest of the Bijas are written in the
Shatkona starting from the east.
The Bijas should be written in a clockwise pattern from right to

the left.
It should be noted that during Akshara Nyasa and Yantra lekhana,

all letters should be used along with the Bindu.
107
APPENDIX o
sarve vai dev devmupatasthu ksi tva mahdevti || 1
r devyatharvaram sbravt --
aha brahmasvarpi |
matta prakti purutmaka jagat |
nya cnya ca || 2
ahamnandnnandau |
aha vijnvijne |
aha brahmbrahma veditavye |
aha pacabhtnya pacabhtni |
aham akhila jagat || 3
vedohamavedoham |
vidyham avidyham
ajhamanajham |
adhaco rdhva ca tiryakcham || 4
aha rudrebhir vasubhi carmi |

ahamdityairuta viva devai |
aha mitr varuvubhau bibharmi |
aham indrgn aham avinvubhau || 5
aha soma tvara paa bhaga dadhmi |

aha viumurukrama brahmamuta prajpati
dadhmi || 6
108
aha dadhmi dravia havimate ka e la hr ha sa ka ha la hr sa ka la hr (pachadasi mantra)
suprvye yajamnya sunvate | kmo yoni kamal vajrapir()

aha rr sagaman vasn guh has mtarivbh ramindra |
cikitu pratham yajiynm | punarguh sakal myay ca
aha suve pitaramasya ... purcyai vivamtdi vidyom || 14
... mrdhanmama yonirapsvanta samudre |
e tmaakti |
ya eva veda |
e viva mohin |
sa daiv sampadampnoti || 7
pkua dhanur badhar |
te dev abruvan -- e r mahvidy |
namo devyai mahdevyai ivyai satata nama | ya eva veda sa oka tarati || 15
nama praktyai bhadryai niyat praat sma tm || 8
namaste astu bhagavati mtarasmn phi sarvata || 16
tmagnivar tapas jvalant ...
saiau vasava |
... vairocan karmaphaleu jum |
saiaikdaa rudr |
durg dev araa prapady ...
sai dvdadity |
... mahesurnnayitryai te nama || 9
sai vivedev somap asomapca |
dev vcamajanayanta devs t vivarp paavo sai ytudhn asur raksi pic yak siddh |
vadanti | sai sattva rajas tamsi |
s no mandreamrja duhn ... sai brahma viu rudra rpi |
... dhenurvgasmnupa suutaitu || 10 sai prajpatndra manava |
sai grahanakatra jyoti |
klartr brahmastut kalkhdi klarpi |
vaiav skandamtaram | tmaha praaumi nityam || 17
sarasvatm aditi dakaduhitara
namma pvan ivm || 11 pppahri dev
bhukti mukti pradyin |
mahlakmyai ca vidmahe sarva aktyai ca dhmahi | anant vijay uddh
tanno dev pracodayt || 12 aray ivad iv ||
aditirhyajania daka y duhit tava |
t dev anvajyanta bhadr amtabandhava || 13
109
hr - the seed mantra that accomplishes all objectives yasy svarpa brahmdayo najnanti
viyadkrasayukta tasmducyate ajey |
vtihotra samanvitam | yasy anto nalabhyate
ardhendulasita devy tasmducyate anat |
bja sarvrtha sdhakam || 18 yasy lakya nopalakyate
who meditates upon this one-syllabled deity, his consciousness becomes pure, he becomes
tasmducyate alaky |
filled with ultimate bliss, and he becomes the ocean of Wisdom yasy janana nopalabhyate
evamekkara brahma yataya uddha cetasa | tasmducyate aj |
dhyyanti paramnandamay janmburaya || 19 ekaiva sarvatra vartate
tasmducyate ek |
ai hr kl cmuyai vicce (navrna mantra)
ekaiva vivarpi
vmy brahmasustasmt aha vaktra samanvitam |
tasmducyate naik |
sryovmarotra bindu sayuktat ttyaka |
ata evocyate ajeynantlakyjaik naiketi || 23
nryaena samiro vyucdharayuk tata |
vicce navrako rasyn mahadnada dyaka || 20 mantr mtk dev
abdn jnarpi |
htpudarkamadhyasth
jnn cinmaytt
prta srya sama prabhm |
nyn nyaski |
pnkua dhar saumy
yasy paratara nsti
varadbhaya hastakm |
sai durg prakrtit || 24
trinetr raktavasan
bhaktakmadugh bhaje || 21 t durg durgam dev
durcravightin |
nammi tv mahdev
nammi bhavabhtoha
mahbhayavinin |
sasrrava tri || 25
mahdurga praaman
mahkruya rpim || 22
110
idamatharvaram yodhte
sa pactharvara japa phalampnoti |
idamatharvaramajtv yorc sthpayati --
atalakam prajaptvpi sorcsiddhi na vindati |
atamaottara csya puracary vidhi smta |
daavram pathed yastu sadya ppai pramucyate |
mahdurgi tarati mahdevy prasdata || 26
syamadhyno divasakta ppa nayati |

prtaradhyno rtrikta ppa nayati |
sya prta prayujno appo bhavati |
nithe turyasandhyy japtv vk siddhir bhavati |
ntany pratimy japtv devatsnnidhya bhavati |
pra pratihy japtv prn pratih bhavati |
bhaumvinym mahdev sannidhau japtv
mahmtyu tarati |
sa mah mtyu tarati ya eva veda |
ityupaniat ||
111
APPENDIX durge smt harasi bhtima eajanto
sapta s loki durga svasthai smt matimatva ubh dadsi |

dridrya dukha bhayahrii k tvadany
sarvopakra karaya sadrdracitt ||
sarva magala magalye ive sarvrtha sdhike |

araya trambake gauri nryai namo-stu te ||
aragata dnrta paritra paryae |

sarvasyrti hare devi nryai namo-stu te ||

bhayebhyastrhi no devi durge devi namo-stu te ||
iva uvca
rognaenapahasi tut
devi tva bhaktasulabhe sarvakryavidhyin |
ru tu kmn sakalnabhn |
kalau hi kryasiddhyarthamupya brhi yatnata ||
tvmritn na vipannar
devyuvca tvmrit hyrayat praynti ||
u deva pravakymi kalau sarveasdhanam | sarvbdh praamana trailokyasykhilevari |

may tavaiva snehenpyambstuti prakyate || evameva tvay kryamasmadvairivinanam ||
o asya rdurg sapta lok stora mantrasya nrayaa i o

anuup chanda rimhkl mahlakhm mahsarasvatyo
devat rdurg prtyartha sapta lok durg phe
viniyoga ||
o jninmapi cetsi dev bhagavat hi s |

baldkya mohya mahmy prayacchati ||
112
APPENDIX : long form of a e.g.. : tma
: long form of i e.g.. : hrm
pronunciation guide : long form of u e.g. : paripra

: rolled r e.g.: ktam
: rolled r followed by a long i e.g.: kt

or : nasal sound e.g.: ahakara ; o

: unvoiced aspirated h.
If after a short vowel it is pronounced like aha, i like ihi
e.g.: anti is prononced shantihi.
Transliteration color codes
voiced fricative e.g. nama Sibilants
nasal retroflex e.g. pr : sh sound pronounced at the back of the palate.

e.g.: r, iva, varpea
r retroflex (as in rumble) e.g. sarva
: as in sharp e.g.: mnuebhi, viu, vaiav
retroflex (as in shadow) e.g. viu, vaiav
s : regular s as in spirit e.g.: svh, sur
_ underline indicates words that are grouped together
in the original Sanskrit text

e.g.
sarvamagalamgalye
indicates aids to assist pronunciation of long words

e.g. sarvamagalamgalye
or sarva magala mgalye
Long vowels (e.g. ) are held twice as long
113
Consonants
: as in king, ring e.g.: pigala

: as in canyon e.g.: kujika
: pronounce the letter n with tongue rolled up.
as in none e.g.: pra
: tip of tongue slightly upwards e.g.: samcaa
h : aspirated h as in anthill e.g.: vitihe
: tongue rolled up as in drum e.g.: caa
Compounds
k : like the ksh in backshift e.g.: pravakymi
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sarvam r jagadamb panamastu
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C HAPTER 8
Commentary
by Dr. Satya
Prakash Choudary
S ECTION 1 Overcome with attachment, he thought, I do not know
whether the capital which was well guarded by my ancestors
First episode and recently deserted by me is being guarded righteously or
Pradhama Carita not by my servants of evil conduct. I do not know what care
my chief elephant, heroic and always elated, and now fallen
into the hands of my foes, will get. Those who were my
constant followers and received favour, riches and food from
me, now certainly render service to other kings. The treasures
which I gathered with great difficulty will be squandered by
those ceaseless spendthrifts addicted to improper
expenditures.
Chapter 1 Near the hermitage of the sage the king saw a merchant, and
Two unlucky losers meet in a forest. The first is a king by the asked him: Who are you? What is the reason for your coming
name of Suratha who protected his people treating them as here? Wherefore do you appear as if afflicted with grief and
his own children. He is defeated in a battle by enemies though depressed in mind? Hearing the empathetic enquiry of the
they were a small force. On his return to his kingdom he is king, the merchant bowed respectfully and replied to the king.
again attacked by powerful enemies. The king now bereft of I am a merchant named Samadhi, born in a wealthy family. I
strength is further robbed of his treasury and army by his own have been cast out by my unworthy sons and wife, through
wicked ministers. Deprived of his kingdom, king Suratha rides greed for my wealth. My wife and sons have misappropriated
alone on horseback into a dense forest. There he comes to the my riches, and made me devoid of wealth. Cast out by my
hermitage of sage Medhas. Graced by the disciples of the sage trusted kinsmen, I have come to the forest grief-stricken.
the hermitage is inhabited by wild beasts tamed of their Dwelling here, I do not know anything about the welfare of
ferocity. After spending some time at the hermitage, overcome my sons, kinsmen and wife. How are my sons? Are they of
by a deep attachment to what he considered as his own, the good conduct or of or evil ways?
king is worried about his kingdom, his chief elephant, his Thereupon the king asked the merchant, Why is your mind
followers and his treasury. affectionately attached to those covetous folks, your sons, wife
and others, who have deprived you of your wealth? The
merchant replied, This very thought has occurred to me, just
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as you have uttered it. But what can I do? Unable to detach advising them directly. Instead he addresses their
my mind bears deep affection to those very persons who have predicament indirectly as a wise counsellor would in this sort
driven me out in their greed for wealth, abandoning love for a of a situation.
father and attachment to one's master and kinsmen. Although
The sage replied to the kings query as follows. Sir, every
I know it I do not comprehend how the mind is prone to love
being has the knowledge of objects perceivable by the senses
even towards worthless kinsmen? On account of them I heave
in various ways. Some beings are blind by day, and others are
heavy sighs and feel dejected. What can I do since my mind
blind by night; some beings have equal sight both by day and
does not become harsh towards those unloving ones?
night. Human beings are certainly endowed with knowledge,
Then the merchant Samadhi and the noble king Suratha but they are not the only beings to be so endowed, for cattle,
together approached sage Medhas and after observing the birds, animals and other creatures too cognise. The
etiquette worthy of him and as was proper, they sat down and knowledge that men have, birds and beasts also have; and
conversed with him. The king said: Sir, I wish to ask you one what they have men also possess; and the rest like eating and
thing. Pray, reply to it. Not being under the control of my sleeping is common to both of them. Look at these birds,
intellect, my mind is afflicted with grief. Though I have lost though they are themselves afflicted by hunger and are aware
the kingdom, I have an attachment to all the paraphernalia of of it, because of delusion, they are engaged in feeding grains
my kingdom. Though I know the actuality how is this sense of into the beaks of their young ones. Human beings too are,
mine afflicting me like an ignorant man, O best of sages? And attached to their children expecting in return. Do you not see
this merchant has been disowned by his children, wife and this?
servants, and forsaken by his own people; still he is
Even so men are hurled into the whirlpool of attachment, the
inordinately affectionate towards them. Thus both he and I,
pit of delusion, through the power of Mahamaya the Great
drawn by attachment towards objects whose defects we do
delusion, who makes the continuance of the cycle of worldly
know, are exceedingly unhappy. How is it that even the
existence possible. Marvel not at this. This Mahamaya is the
knowledgeable are deluded? This delusion besets me as well
Yoganidra, the Superconscient sleep of Vishnu, the Lord of
as him, blinded as we are in our ability to discern.
the world. It is by her the world is deluded. Verily she, the
As his name implies (medhas: intelligence or wisdom), sage Bhagavati, the Mahamaya entangles humans into delusion
Medhas is a wise man, the seer who knows. Here knowledge, forcibly drawing the minds of even the wise. She creates this
intelligence and wisdom are not merely intellectual but entire universe, both moving and unmoving. It is she who,
intuitive and insightful as well. The wise sage does not start when propitious, grants the best to humans and shows the
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way for their final liberation. She is the supreme knowledge, serpent of Time. Two terrible demons Madhu and Kaitabha,
the cause of final liberation, and eternal; she is the cause of sprung into being from the ear wax or waste (mala) of
the bondage of transmigration (samsara) and the sovereign Vishnu's ears, and sought to slay Brahma, the father of beings.
over all lords. Brahma who is sitting in the lotus at Vishnu's navel, then
extols the Great Goddess Yoganidra requesting her to
The king said, Venerable sir, who is that Devi whom you call
withdraw from Vishnu so he may awaken and slay the
Mahamaya? How did she come into being, and what is her
demons.
sphere of action, O sage? What constitutes her nature? What
is her form? Wherefrom did she originate? All that I wish to This hymn by Brahma (Brahma-stuti), also known as the
hear from you, O you supreme among the knowers of Tantrika Ratri Suktam is the first of the four famous hymns in
Brahman. The seer replied, That Goddess is eternal, without the Devi Mahatmyam. The Devi is extolled by Brahma as the
beginning. The entire world is her embodiment. By her all this incomparable Goddess -Vishnus Yoganidra, the queen of
is pervaded. Nevertheless she incarnates in manifold ways; cosmos, the supporter of the worlds, the cause of the
hear it from me. Though she is eternal, she is said to be born sustenance and dissolution alike.
in the world, whenever she manifests herself in order to
There upon, the Devi who herself causes delusion, withdrew
accomplish the purposes of the devas.
herself from every part of Vishnus body, and appeared before
Thereafter the sage narrates the first myth related to the Brahma, who takes birth from the Unmanifest. Released from
manifestation of the Devi in her universal form as Maya or the influence of YogaMaya, Lord Vishnu awoke and saw those
YogaMaya. Here the Devi is central to the creation myth. She two evil demons Madhu and Kaitabha, of exceeding power,
is the power that induces Lord Vishnus deep slumber on the with eyes red in anger, endeavouring to devour Brahma.
waters of the cosmic ocean prior to the manifestation of the Thereupon the all-pervading Lord Vishnu got up and fought
Universe, in its continuous cycles of manifestation and with the two demons for five thousand years, using his own
dissolution. Each such cycle of creative manifestation, arms as weapons. The two demons, frenzied with their
sustenance and dissolution constitutes a Kalpa. exceeding power, and deluded by Goddess Mahamaya,
exclaimed to Vishnu, Ask a boon from us.
At the end of a Kalpa when the universe was one vast stretch
of ocean with the waters of the deluge, the adorable Lord How intoxicating and blinding can power and strength be!
Vishnu was in a state of deep mystic sleep (yoganidra),
Lord Vishnu said If you are satisfied with me, you must both
stretched out on Adi Sesha the thousand hooded primal
be slain by me now. What need is there of any other boon
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here? The two demons thus bewitched by Mahamaya, gazing
at the entire world turned into water, told the lotus eyed Lord
Vishnu, Slay us at the spot where the earth is not flooded
with water. Saying Be it so, Lord Vishnu, the great wielder
of conch, discus and mace, took them on His loins and there
severed their heads with His discus. Thus Mahamaya herself
appeared when praised by Brahma.
Thus ends the first chapter -The slaying of Madhu and

Kaitabha - of Devi Mahatmya in Markandeya Purana. The
first chapter is the only chapter of the first episode. In this
chapter the stage is set for the narration of the glory of the
Goddess through another story, that of two losers-namely the
king and the merchant. The slaying of Madhu and Kaitabha is
also narrated in the same chapter by sage Medhas to the
deposed king Suratha and the ruined merchant Samadhi.
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S ECTION 2 protective of her devotees and intent on destroying evil. Her
anger is divine anger that fights the demons.
Second Episode Of the three gunas only Rajas has two faces or two dimensions
Mahishasuramardhini to it. One is a purely negative and gross expression that seeks
material pleasures while the other is a divine and subtle
myth expression that takes the individual inward, closer to the
Supreme Being. Both are goal oriented except that demoniac
rajas seeks only kama (desire or craving) and artha (material
prosperity) while divine rajas seeks the fulfilment of righteous
desires, all round divine prosperity and eventually moksha
(the reference here is to the four goals of life). This difference
This is the second episode where the same Adi Sakti manifests in the direction of focus or goal is the main difference between
Herself as Durga and overcomes Mahishasura the buffalo the two types of rajas. Rajas can bridge Tamas and Sattva.
headed demon who is half human and half beast. The demon Lower order Rajas is closer to Tamas, while higher order
is partly a pasu (animal or beast) and partly a human and thus Rajas is closer to Sattva. Lower order Rajas serves the purpose
has the dangerous ability to disrupt cosmic order and of Tamas and is potentially in danger of pulling us into the
harmony. Overcoming this powerful combination of beastly quagmire of Tamas. Higher order Rajas serves the purpose of
nature and human competence requires a fiery and dynamic enabling Sattvavajaya or enabling Sattva to take over the
form of Shakti, one that can combat worldly rajas through other gunas.
divine rajas.
Technically the Primal form of the Mother that presides over

Rajas is referred to as Maha Lakshmi whose coral complexion
identifies Her clearly as the Devis Rajasic vyashti.
Mahishasura too is the epitome of Rajas. But unlike the Devis
divine rajas, Mahishasuras rajas is of a negative nature. His
rajasic energy controls him and impels him to destructive
acts, whereas Durga controls her own fiery splendor. She is an
embodiment of the wrath of all the gods. Her rajas is
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Esoteric meaning of the battle between the gods and to the Supreme Self. Thus interpreting the battles between the
the demons. gods and demons on these lines is in order wherever
references to the battles between the gods and the demons
First let us examine the theme of the battles between the gods
occur in the Vedas and the Puranas. The righteous and
and the demons as revealed in the Bhagavad Gita, the
unrighteous samskaras have also been referred to as daiva
Upanishads and Adi Shankaras commentary. The word
sampada (divine wealth or divine tendencies) and asura
Sanskrit word for gods is devah, which denotes light or the
sampada (demoniac wealth or demoniac tendencies) in the
function of illumining. Commenting on the verse
Bhagavad Gita (in the sixteenth chapter titled daivasura
dev.sur.havaiyatrasa.yetire
sampdvibhaga yogah). Here Divine tendencies have been
(Chandogya Upanishad, 1. 2. 1), Adi Shankara affirms that the referred to as Divine wealth (sampada: wealth) and demoniac
gods stand for such functions of the senses (indriya vrttis) as tendencies as demoniac wealth. Elaborating this idea further
are illumined by scriptures. The demons or asuras who are the Bhagavad Gita declares that the Divine are deemed for
opposed to the gods, stand for tendencies that are opposite to liberation or Self-realization and the demoniac for bondage.
the illumining functions, and are of the nature of darkness.
Returning back to Mahishasuras myth, the Devi Mahatmyam
Thus the war between the gods and the demons actually refers
tells us that long back when Mahishasura was the lord of
to the perpetual conflict between the forces of light and
asuras and Indra the lord of devas, there was a war between
darkness, between righteous and unrighteous urges. Thus
the devas and asuras for a full hundred years. Now that we
there are two opposing psychic forces within all of us. The
know who the gods and demons are, it is not difficult to
roots of these two types of urges are traced to the Sanchita
understand why the span of the war is for hundred years. This
karmas of innumerable lives. While we experience only
is the approximate upper limit of human life span. Thus the
Prarabdha karmas allotted for a particular lifetime, the
conflict between the righteous and unrighteous samskaras
Sanchita karmas indirectly influence us as our samskaras.
goes on as long as we are alive. And in that war, as the Devi
Esoterically speaking the gods symbolise the positive Mahatmyam tells us, the army of the gods is vanquished by
samskaras of innumerable lifetimes resulting from all the the mighty demons and Mahisasura becomes the lord of
righteous karmas that are oriented towards the Supreme Self, heaven. He himself assumes the jurisdictions of Surya, Indra,
while the demons symbolise the negative samskaras of Agni, Vayu, Chandra, Yama and Varuna and of other gods too.
innumerable lifetimes resulting from all the unrighteous Now what does this mean?
karmas that are contrary and in conducive to our orientation
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As already stated the gods are the presiding deities for various
indriyas and their functions-Surya over eyes, Indra hands,
Agni over speech, Vayu over skin, Chandra over the mind,
Yama over anus, Varuna over tongue and so on. The gods
stand for the respective indriya vrttis. All these senses and
their functions are hijacked by Rajo-guna serving the purpose
of nourishing asuric tendencies. This is the meaning of
Mahishasura assuming lordship over all jurisdictions of the
gods. Under the influence of Rajo-guna all psychological and
sensory functions are focused only on the gross and the
material, having lost the original orientation to the Supreme
Being. The task, therefore, is to once again reclaim the
original state. But this can be achieved only by uniting
together all the powers of the gods and orienting them back to
the Supreme Being. This is exactly what happens in the story.
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The vanquished gods collectively surrendering to the Goddess. The tejas that emerges from the gods is not their
Devi creation but the Devis natural indwelling presence. Thus
what coalesces into the Devis auspicious form is actually Her
The gods first approach Brahma who leads them to Vishnu
own power. The gods do not relinquish their power or
and Shiva. There is a significance in the gods first approaching
weapons, even as their varied powers reunite in the Devi. This
Brahma. As per Hindu mythology Brahma was born from a
is a sublime philosophical abstraction of simultaneous divine
lotus that grew at Lord Vishnus navel. Here Vishnu signifies
immanence and transcendence. Now that the collective power
Consciousness while the lotus signifies flowering or
of the gods is united against Mahishasura and his armies, the
blossoming of Consciousness. Brahma being born from the
gods can be assured of their inevitable victory.
nabhikamala (navel chakra) of Vishnu is clearly a Puranic
allusion to Kundalini and the Chakras. The nabhi is the vedic Mahishasura and his Generals-Rajo-guna and its Asura
equivalent to what is known as known as the Manipura chakra sampada Mahishasura symbolises the powerful combination
in the tantric system. Below the manipura chakra is asura of human competence and beastly nature. As already stated
kshetra (field of demoniac consciousness), while daiva kshetra he stands for Rajo-guna. While Kaitabha is also rajas, he
(field of divine consciousness) starts from manipura. Thus the comes as a twin of Madhu (tamas), at the level of origination.
very awareness of the conflict between the righteous and Unlike Kaitabha who is of the nature of rajas, Mahishasura is
unrighteous samskaras and the need to overcome asuric the epitome of Rajo-guna. He has sixteen asuras who lead
samskaras, starts with the manipura. Now that spiritual various battalions of armies. They stand for various demoniac
awareness has started blossoming it will lead to the coming traits or tendencies and are Mahishasuras assets or wealth.
together of all the spiritual samskaras, the coming together of Together they are all asura sampada or demoniac wealth or
the powers of the gods. Brahma leads the gods to Vishnu and assets (see the chapter on Daiva sampada and Asura sampada
Shiva. Vishnu and Shiva too symbolise specific psychological for more).
functions like the other gods. In the symbolism of Devi
If Mahishasura has to be subdued his generals have to be
Mahatmyam, the Devi is obviously the Supreme Being or
eliminated first, his demoniac wealth has to be destroyed first.
Supreme Self, whereas Vishnu and Shiva symbolise prana
But the asura armies vastly outnumber the gods. Commenting
shakti and gnana shakti respectively.
on the Brhadaranyaka Upanishads (1, 3) account of a similar
What happens when all the powers of all the gods come conflict between the gods and the demons Adi Shankara tells
together? As the Devi Mahatmyam reveals, all the radiance us that the gods are always less in number while the demons
from all the gods coalesced into the auspicious form of the are more. So what to do? There is only one way out-absolute
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surrender to the Supreme Goddess. Nothing less than total (arishadvargas) along with its comrade-Anger (Krodha). Since
surrender will bail them out of their difficulty. And this is Rajas begets desire and anger, they are the last to go before
precisely what the gods do. Rajas. That is why they fight till the last. Once desire is
eliminated, Sattva guna (the Divine forces of Light) can easily
As already stated if Mahishasura has to be subdued his
prevail over Rajo guna.
generals have to be eliminated first, his demoniac wealth has
to be destroyed first. Hence the Goddess and her lion start However do not underestimate Mahishasura (Rajo-guna) and
destroying these asuras one by one. While each of the sixteen his army. Rajo guna (Mahishasura) and its associated vrttis
asura generals and their esoteric significance is important in (Mahishasuras armies) wield great power over the psyche.
its own way, two among them deserve special mention- They are the result of the impressions of innumerable
lifetimes and choices made in those lives, choices that have
Durdhara and Durmukha who fight till the last. Only after
become embedded in our psyche as stubborn psychological
Durdhara and Durmukha are destroyed can the Goddess
traits. To make matters worse most of us waste away this
finally fight the asura lord Mahishasura. In fact they find place
precious life without any conscious awareness of what is
even in the Mahishasuramardhini stotram (durdharadharii
happening within. As the Bhagavad Gita (7. 19) reveals, it is
durmukhamarii hararate ). Such is their negative significance
only at the end of innumerable births that the wise person
for spiritual life.
takes refuge in the Supreme Being, realising that the Supreme
If Mahishasura is Rajas, Durdhara and Durmukha are desire Being is all that is. And rare is such a great soul. Most of us
and anger. As the Bhagavad Gita (3. 37) affirms, Rajas begets carry on with our deluded lives without realising that life is
desire and anger. In fact most often anger is related to desire. not just about relationships, money, power and material
When the fulfilment of desire (Kama) is frustrated by an pursuits. For the majority spiritual life is only an extension of
obstacle, frustration turns into anger (Krodha). Desire itself is the deep-rooted material approach. Even those who are
rooted in Rajas and aggravates it further. In fact Durdhara interested have only a shallow interest, quite often it being a
literally means irresistible while Durmukha means ugly or mere coping mechanism for the stress of daily living. For
hideous or bad faced. True enough it is very difficult to resist some spirituality is a pursuit that they reserve for their old
desire, while anger transforms the most beautiful face into a age, for their retired lives.
hideous one! (Durmukha can also mean bad-mouthed or
Compelled by our asuric tendencies we waste the best time of
abusive which too denotes anger) Desire is by nature
our lives pursuing purely material goals, wasting away our
insatiable and is the most important of the six inner enemies
greatest potential, postponing it continually. It is only a few
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wise ones who awaken to the truth that the Supreme Being is
all that is, that have a conscious awareness of the war between
the gods and the demons. Bringing this inner conflict into
conscious awareness, the serious practitioner surrenders
completely to the Supreme Goddess just as the gods did in the
Devi Mahatmyam. Progressively the gods are reinstated in
their rightful place by the replacement of asuric wealth with
divine wealth. This needs the grace of Mahalakshmi who can
bestow daiva sampada or divine wealth to Her devotee. The
practitioner who is endowed with divine wealth is now fit for
attaining liberation. Even if one does not attain liberation in
this birth, the samskaras and the merit acquired during this
lifetime are carried in a potential form into the next lives
when they shall bear fruit automatically. However for those
who are unwavering from the goal the accumulation of divine
wealth shall set them free in this very life. Spiritual victory is
in sight.
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Mahishasuras eightfold fury Prekshanam (seeing), Guhya-bhashanam (talking in secrecy),
Sankalpa (wishing for), Adhyavasaya (determination
Returning back to Mahishasuras myth, seeing his armies
towards), Kriyanishpatti (actual accomplishment). These are
destroyed by the Devi an enraged Mahishasura starts
the eight ways in which Rajas destroys the divine forces before
terrifying the Devis hosts. And how does Mahishasura
one can even gauge its destructive influence. That is why the
destroy the Devis forces-in eight ways. These eight ways are
unleashing of Mahishasuras rajas too has eightfold fury. After
the purely negative expression of rajas. Hitting some by
destroying the Devis forces by his eightfold rajas,
muzzle, trampling some by the hooves, lashing at some with
Mahishasura rushes forward to slay her lion. The Goddess
his tail, tearing others with his horns, by sheer speed, by
Ambika becomes enraged at this.
bellowing, by wheeling, and by the blast of his breath,
Mahishasura destroyed the Devis forces. This eightfold
unleashing of Mahishasuras rajas is comparable to eightfold
maithuna or eightfold sexual union, which a Brahmachari is
strictly advised to avoid. Here a word on Brahmacharya is in
order.
Brahmacharya means to move, learn and live in the Way of

Brahman or higher Awareness. Conducting oneself in higher
awareness is not just about sexual continence, not just about
controlling sexual desire but about also about gaining mastery
over all the indriyas. Among other things it is also largely
about bringing the indriyas (senses) under effortless control.
Thus one of the goals of Brahmacharya is reaching a state
where one is not troubled by the indriyas anymore. However
this state of freedom from the indriyas comes effortlessly only
after intense practice or abhyasa. Till one achieves effortless
mastery over the indriyas one has to make intense efforts.
Hence initially we are advised to avoid eightfold indulgence of
the indriyas. The eight ways of sensual indulgence: Smaranam
(thinking of it), Kirtanam (talking of it), Keli (playing around),
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The lion as the sadhaka who has taken to the path of
dharma
The lion is none other than the sadhaka who has taken to the
path of dharma. It is none other than the practitioner, the jiva,
you and me. Since the devotee has already surrendered to the
Goddess and is on the path of dharma, the Mother will protect
him as her own child. Now starts the real fight between the
Devi and the lord of the asuras. To meet the challenge the
Goddess heightens Her own rajas. However unlike
Mahishasuras destructive and egoistic rage Her anger is
divine or righteous anger that counters demoniac or
unrighteous anger. Initially the practitioner counters lower
order material rajas through higher order spiritual rajas. One
has to remove a thorn with the help of another thorn, as the
adage goes. We come across instances of the lions fury too, in
both the second and third episodes though more elaborately
in the third episode. This is the sadhakas spiritualized higher
order rajas or sattvic rajas which counters the destructive
influence of material lower order rajas of the asuras. The two
faces of rajas is an interesting theme that the Devi
Mahatmyam portrays time and again through powerful
metaphors.
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Mahishasura changing his form many times before
finally being beheaded
During the combat Mahishasura changes his form many

times, undergoing a series of metamorphosis. This is the very
nature of desire, of rajas. We think that we have rooted out a
particular psychological compulsion only to discover that it
still existent albeit in a different form. We move from one
addiction to another, from one compulsive behaviour to
another, as long as the original inner emotional issue is not
resolved. The Devis weapons appear ineffectual as long as
Mahishasura keeps changing forms. She triumphs over him
only when he emerges in his original form, as She pins him
down under her foot. Only then does She behead him finally
with Her sword, destroying the deadly combination of human
competence and beastly nature.
Mahishasuras episode reveals that through active struggle,

through divine rajas, we can overcome enslavement to the
indriyas, and live righteously in harmony with the world. It
also reveals to us the two faces of rajas and the two kinds of
wealth that we may seek in our lives. One is divine while the
other is demoniac. Those who seek demoniac wealth take to
the purely negative and demoniac expression of rajas and are
deemed to be bound further and to suffer in the quagmire of
perpetual desire, while those who take to a positive expression
of rajas seek divine wealth and are eventually deemed for
liberation from suffering of all kinds.
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S ECTION 3 the Unvanquished Aparajita Devi recalling Her assurance that
She would intervene whenever remembered in times of
Third Episode misfortune. Synchronistically Parvati devi comes there at the
same time to bathe in the waters of Ganga and enquires
innocently as to whom the gods are extolling. An auspicious
form of the Goddess, Kaushiki, emanates from the selfsame
Parvati and answers that the hymn is addressed to her.
Parvati becomes dark and is henceforth known as Kalika or
Kali. She will play major role in the future course of events
along with the auspicious form of Ambika. Thus the Goddess
has two forms-one auspicious and the other terrible. Parvatis
By the time we come to the third episode the demons are two forms remind us of Shiva who too has a terrible form as
more complex and subtler. This time the chief demons are Rudra apart from his usual auspicious form. This twofold
Sumbha (Asmita: I/ Me, the pseudo-self) and Nisumbha complementary nature of Divinity as both the auspicious and
(Mamata: Mine, the attachment to things that the false self the terrible highlights the play of light and dark. Both are
clings to) who along with their generals Canda (pra-vrtti or aspects of the Supreme Being.
extraverted psychic energy), Munda (ni-vritti or introverted There are two other interesting phenomenon at work here.
psychic energy), Dhumralochana (distorted perception) and First is the phenomenon of Synchronicity. Parvati seems to
Raktabija (citta vrttis or incessant compulsive thought come there by coincidence. Though seemingly a coincidence
processes), are a formidable force to reckon with. Overcoming her arrival then and there is very meaningful. Meaningful
these subtler demons requires a luminous, benevolent and coincidences are what Synchronicity is about. Synchronicity is
beautiful manifestation, one that can enlighten and liberate. behind not only oracular prognostication but also how prayers
This is the manifestation as Maha Sarasvati predominated by work. At times Divine intervention can be direct, displaying a
Sattva. seemingly causal relation to prayers and mantras. At other
This myth too has a familiar beginning. Two demons, named times Divine intervention occurs in a non-causal synchronistic
Shumbha and Nishumbha, have dispossessed the gods, manner. Either ways prayers work. Most importantly we are
stripped them of their powers and appropriated their wealth connected to everything else around us. Our minds and lives
and privilege. Then the gods go to mount Himalaya and extol
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are not separate from the minds and lives of others in the seen in the rest of the universe. The various emanations of the
universe. There is underlying indivisible holistic unity. Goddess combine both the transcendental and phenomenal
levels of truth to varying degrees. It may not be inappropriate
Secondly Parvatis innocent query suggests that she is not
to suggest that while ultimately at the transcendental level
aware of what is happening, at least consciously. But surely, as
She is the Supreme Self or Brahman, in her manifestations as
an embodiment of the Supreme Goddess, wouldnt She be
other goddesses She is also the Transcendental in the
consciously aware? Though not conscious, the emanation of
Phenomenal. In other words She is the Transcendental, She is
Kaushiki who answers Parvati is Her own Shakti, a projection
the Phenomenal and She is also the Transcendental in the
of Her own unconscious powers. At an individual conscious
Phenomenal. This is the uniqueness of the Shakta world-view.
level we have limited powers, limited by embodiment in a
Sri Ramakrishna describes how the relative or phenomenal
mind-body that constrain the otherwise unbounded and
emerges from the absolute or transcendental and falls back
limitless reservoir of all powers. At an unconscious level we
into it. Brahman may be compared to an infinite ocean,
are potentially connected to the collective. There is oneness
without beginning or end. Just as, some portions of the ocean
and abundant potential at this level. But in our normal waking
freeze into ice through intense cold, and formless water
state of consciousness we are largely unaware of our
appears to have form, so through intense love or faith of the
unbounded potential and our connection to the collective. In
devotee, Brahman appears to take on form and personality.
other states of consciousness such as dream, deep sleep and
But the form melts away again as the sun of Knowledge rises.
meditation we are better connected to this level. One may
Then the universe also disappears, and there is nothing but
argue that this particular context in the Devi Mahatmyam
Brahman.
involves the Goddess not a human being. However remember
that everything about the gods and demons has relevance for The beautiful and auspicious Kaushiki form of the Goddess is
us, for what happens in our own psyche. all Sattva. Unlike the slayer of Mahishasura who is the
collective embodiment of the divine anger or divine rajas of all
The Supreme Goddess is the Mother of the Universe, identical
the gods, Kaushiki is a Sattvic manifestation. This time the
with the Brahman of Vedanta, and with the Atman of Yoga.
demons are even more sophisticated. Action, contemplation
But this is at the transcendental level. No doubt the Goddess
and knowledge are the three stages through which we have to
is the Supreme Self, but She is also the collective Self. At the
pierce through the veil of Prakriti or three Gunas. Madhu-
relative and phenomenal level, where there is awareness of
Kaitabha are the mala (dirt or waste) from Vishnus ears and
ones own individual personality or ego, even Her
thereby predominantly represent Tamas. Mahishasura and
manifestations follow the same law, the same order that is
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his generals represent Rajo-guna. But Shumbha-Nishumbha Nishumbha is the brother of Shumbha. One follows the other
and their generals represent the limitation of buddhi, which is closely. Where there is this sense of I automatically there will
another name for sattva. The word sattva also denotes the be a sense of mine as an extension of the false sense of
mind apart from the guna of sattva. It is easy to understand selfhood. That is why Shumbha and Nishumbha are
why one has to overcome tamas and rajas as it is accepted that inseparable brothers.
they are manasika doshas. But why is there a need to
Patanjali (Yogasutra, 2.6) defines Asmita as
transcend even Sattva, one might ask. As described in the
dgdarsanasaktyorekatmatevasmita. Dg is the Seer or
commentary on the first episode, the three gunas are part of
Purusha or Pure Consciousness. Darsanasakti denotes the
the same cosmic process of manifestation, they are part of the
power of observing, which is none other than Buddhi or
same veiling power of Prakrti or Maha Maya. Together they
intellect. Ekatmata means identifying as one. In other words
form the three strands that bind us to ignorance. Since Sattva
Asmita is the ignorance or mistake of identifying Buddhi as
is potentially akin to a burnt rope, since it brings knowledge,
Purusha or Atman. In other words misidentification of the
initially the ascendancy of sattva is preferred over tamas and
mind as the Self gives rise to a false sense of self. This false
rajas. A rope that will sooner or later be burnt cannot bind us
sense of self is Asmita. Although it may seem that buddhi
for long. But till it is fully burnt even this rope can be binding.
and purusha are identical, in reality they are not. This can be
We will examine this further using another analogy-that of a
illustrated using the analogy of a lantern. If the Self is the wick
lantern. But first let us understand Shumbha and Nishumbha.
or the source of light, buddhi is the glass chimney. From a
The root word bha in the names of Shumbha and Nishumbha distance though it appears as if the glass chimney is the
means light. However their light is not real like the light from source of the light, close observation will reveal the burning
the sun. It is merely reflected light. Just as Sun represents the wick as the true source of light. Likewise a yogi whose
self and light in astrological language, Moon represents the consciousness is functioning beyond the manomaya kosha,
mind and reflected light. Sattva is another name for the mind. knows that the mind is not identical with the Self as his
Buddhi is the highest function of the mind. However buddhi is consciousness has awakened to the level of the vignanamaya
not the same as the Self or Atman. Shumbha is none other kosha.
than Asmita (sense of I or Me), the pseudo-self that
Buddhi is the instrument of intelligence that discerns,
identifies the self with non-self whereas Nisumbha represents
questions, reasons, determines and wills. Though buddhi is
Mamata (sense of Mine), or the attachment to things that the
the highest faculty of the human mind and possesses the
false self clings to through identification with other objects.
potential power of divine revelation, it is still a limited
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manifestation of consciousness. Buddhi is also an evolute of in having attained the self, false sense of immortality, all
Prakrti and thus cannot be identical to Purusha or arising from knowledge that is not truly ultimate. One starts
Consciousness. The mind when viewed through the distorting taking pride in ones sadhana. In the place of pride in material
lens of Avidya or ignorance, becomes the basis for a false riches, pride in spiritual riches starts swelling the ego. Earlier
sense of identity. This pseudo selfhood is Asmita. The basis the pride was grosser, easily detectable and thereby easier to
for asmita is a false notion that buddhi is identical to the accept. Spiritual pride is subtler, not easily detected and hard
Atman. However an acutely focused Sattvic buddhi is very to accept.
helpful in reflecting Self/Consciousness just as a clear
In a way the aspirant at this stage has some achievements to
chimney can transmit the light of the wick very clearly.
his credit compared to others who are still struggling with
Since sattvic intellect can reflect the light of Consciousness grosser issues related to tamas or rajas. However as long as
clearly, it also poses the danger of an aspirant falsely thinking the klesas continue to afflict an individual suffering is a
that he has attained the Atman, that he is Self-realized. A definite possibility. Asmita along with the sense of Mamatva,
sattvic and refined intellect is undoubtedly very important for is among the five causes of suffering. Total freedom from
reflective thinking and discernment. However that is not the suffering is not possible as long as there is this sense of I and
end of the path. Such a sattvic buddhi is of tremendous value mine which becomes the focal point for all citta vrttis. The
in overcoming the tyranny of tamas and rajas. So in the earlier tyranny of Shumbha and Nishumbha is subtler compared to
stages sattva is glorified. That which was desirable in the the tyrrany of Mahishasura. Moreover Mahishasura did not
earlier stages in the past is detrimental in the present. Now seek the hand of the Devi, did not talk of marrying the
even Sattva is an obstacle. Goddess. He just rushed to war compulsively, compelled by
his fiery rajas. But Shumbha and Nishumbha being more
If tamas can be compared to a brick wall and rajas to stormy
advanced asuras, having some light in their nature, at least in
winds that toss about the mind in a tempest, sattva is like a
so far as their ability to show at least reflected light, mistake
glass wall. One can see through a glass wall, but cannot walk
that they are equal to the Goddess or even superior. That is
through. What we see through the glass wall helps us in
why they confidently court a marriage proposal. But first how
inferring the presence of the light on the other side. But to
do they come to know of the Goddess? Through Chanda and
reach or merge with the source of the light one has to
Munda. What do these two asuras denote? Chanda means
eventually overcome the glass wall too. This is where buddhi
fierce or passionate while Munda denotes a shaved head.
too fails. Moreover the false sense of selfhood at this stage can
lead to subtler demons such as pride of knowledge, false pride
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Generally a shaved head is symbolic of vairagya or (Pravrtti or Extroverted Pursuit) and Munda (Introverted
withdrawal. Vairagya can be true dispassion or it can also be Withdrawal).
sensitive withdrawal due to a bad experience. In the latter
Note: Chanda and Munda as Pra-vrtti and Ni-vrtti are not the
case it is not genuine vairagya but only withdrawal due to
same as Extraversion and Introversion. Extraversion and
hurt, a negative reaction to an unpleasant experience. Here
Introversion are psychological tendencies that are neither
Munda being an asura, denotes reactive withdrawal from
positive nor negative whereas the symbolism of Canda and
things that have been a source of suffering, not genuine
Munda is related more to raga (infatuation or attachment)
vairagya. Chanda denotes passionate pursuit while Munda
and dvesha (aversion or dislike), which are among the five
denotes sensitive introverted withdrawal. Here two specific
afflicting kleshas in Yoga psychology.
behaviours have been selected to represent pra-vrtti and ni-
vrtti, the two patterns of psychological and behavioural It is Canda and Munda who see the Devi first and carry this
functioning. These two are the most common patterns of news to Shumbha. They tell Shumbha about the beautiful
behaviour. One is hot pursuit of whatever is deemed attractive goddess whose radiance illuminates the Himalayas. They
to the senses while the other is a sensitive withdrawal from flatter Shumbha with an account of his riches and powers, all
those that hurt from past experience. These are the two stolen from the gods. Playing upon Shumbhas vanity, they
principle movements of Asmita the false sense of identity. suggest that he who is all-wealthy and all-powerful surely
One movement is outward exertion (pra-vrtti) while the other must also possess this jewel among women. There is a
is inward withdrawal (ni-vrtti). Asmita reacts to external misconception that pravrtti should be eschewed. At this level
objects (be it people or material things) in one of these two of sadhana we realise that nothing is good or bad in itself.
manners. If my past experience or impression of the person or Even those that are deemed negative can be transformed to
object is pleasant I pursue passionately. If it was unpleasant serve us positively. This is the Shakta approach. One must
or hurtful I withdraw due to hurt, or in extreme cases I may rise by that which one falls as tantra affirms. Canda and
develop intense dislike or hatred for the person or object. Munda are asuric as long as they serve Asmita, the false self.
Thus pursuit and withdrawal are actually behavioural But it is the selfsame Canda and Munda, the two movements
expressions or reactionary patterns to citta vrttis that trigger of vrttis that initially turn our attention to the Devi (the
these two movements. Our responses to things or people fit Supreme Self). the same pravrtti that can pull us into bondage
into either of these patterns to varying degrees depending on can initially attract us towards liberation, towards self-
the object in front of us. This is the symbolism of Chanda realisation, though initially only as another goal to be sought.
Likewise the same nivrtti that repels us from things that can
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cause suffering can bring true detachment or dispassion or Shumbha first sends the smooth talking messenger Sugriva to
genuine vairagya. As long as pravrtti and nivrtti serve the false court her. But is it possible to realise the Self only through
self (Shumbha), they manifest as Raga (infatuation)and intelligent words? No. But that is what we do after acquiring
Dvesha (aversion), as Canda and Munda the two asuras. As some knowledge. Mere eloquence or knowledge of the
already stated it is Pravrtti-Nivrtti or the movement of citta scriptures cannot bridge the gap between the Self and the
vrttis that initially attracts us to self-realization, though as one false self. The Devi asks for nothing less than a combat
more jewel to be sought. That is why Chanda and Munda between the Self (Devi) and the false self (Shumbha).
bring news of the Devi (Supreme Self) who illuminates the Obviously the false self stands no chance. He would die at her
Himalayas (gross body). hands. Indirectly the Devi is asking for nothing less than a
sacrifice of the pseudo-self. How can one obtain the Supreme
Parvati taking abode in the Himalayas suggests that the gross
Self without the death of the false self? As expected the
body is not an inert thing but the abode of the Self that
smooth talking Sugriva fails. Then he changes his tactics. He
illumines the mind-body. Even the gods come down to the
threatens to drag her by the hair. By sheer habit, we attempt
himalayas to extol the Divine Self. The mountain is not just an
to grab even the Self by the same worldly tactics. If smooth
immovable lifeless object but the abode of the immovable Self,
talking and diplomacy fail, we resort to force! Grabbing the
the unchanging consciousness. The goddess (Self) illumines
Devi by the hair is also reminiscent of our initial approach to
not just the Himalayas (body) but the entire universe. Canda
spirituality. Initially we pull the new found jewel of divinity
and Munda try to tempt Shumbha by telling him that there is
into the world as if it were another thing to be possessed! We
something beyond buddhi. Though they havent recognised
see it as one more resource, like any other worldly resource.
the Devi (Self) entirely they are right in their initial
Instead of rising to the level of the Self, we try to pull the
impressions that She is unsurpassable, a jewel among the best
spiritual to the level of the material world. But none of this
jewels, one to be truly sought. All other riches and beauties
will work.
pale in comparision to the Devi (Self). Though they are drawn
to the Goddess they havent yet recognised Her Divinity. Now Next, Shumbha sends Dhumralochana to fetch the Devi,
that Shumbhas inherent craving to accumulate the best of kicking and screaming if need be. Dhumralochana means one
everything has been kindled, he wishes to claim her as his of smoky vision, thus denoting distorted perception. Can
own, just as we want to possess all that we find attractive and distorted perception succeed? False knowledge arising from
desirable. faulty thinking or distorted perception disappears
instantaneously in the presence of the Self (Devi) just as
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darkness cannot exist in the presence of light. A mere 12). Here is the key to the transformation of Canda and
humkara of the Devi is enough to kill Dhumralochana. And Munda. The power of pravrtti is channelized as abhyasa while
this is what happens precisely. nivrrti can become true vairagya. This is how one can kill
Canda and Munda and transform their energies. In order to
When Dhumralochanas brute force fails, Shumbha loses all
accomplish Goddess Ambika projects the terrible Kali from
reason and sends Chanda and Munda with a huge army to
her own angry countenance.
bring back that vile woman in any way or in any condition
whatever. Notice how Shumbha who was infatuated by the Kali devours the armies of demons, falling upon them
jewel among women now hates that vile woman. This is impetuously and slaughtering the powerful demons.
how raga (infatuation) and dvesha (aversion) are related to Devouring some, crushing others, chewing most frightfully
each other. That which is very desirable today can become with her teeth, she pounds the entire army of the mighty and
despicable tomorrow! This is the work of raga-dvesha, this is wicked asuras. The image of grinding teeth that is invoked
the work of Chanda-Munda! Though Canda and Munda thrice (7.11, 7.13, 7.15) reminds us of the wheel of Time
initially act as afflicters, there is a possibility that one can (Kalachakra) that grinds all things to dust. Except for a
sublimate their energies into friendly energies. Instead of change of gender Kali is none other than Kala, who is
serving the false self (Shumbha) Chanda and Munda can be described by Arjuna in the vision of the cosmic form in the
made to serve the Supreme Self. But they have to be killed Bhagavad Gita (11. 24-31). Lord Krishna further confirms it by
first before they lose their asuric identity. Death at the hands affirming that he himself is the world destroying Kala engaged
of Kali is symbolic of transformation. Once transformed by in destroying the world (kalo'smi lokakayaktpravddho
the fiery power of Kali they cease to be asuras. Thereafter they lokansamahartumiha pravtta%, 11. 32). Thus Kali is the same
are merely an expression of our psychological energies, as Kala.
neutral energies that take the colour of our thoughts/
Kali accomplishes Her mission by severing the heads of Canda
emotions.
and Munda and delivering them to Chandika who is none
It is neither pravrtti nor nivrtti that is the problem. Yoga is the other than Ambika. Since Kali brought the heads of Canda
restraint or stilling of citta vrttis (yogascittavttinirodha%, and Munda as battle trophies to the auspicious Chandika, Kali
Yogasutra, 1. 2). And how can we achieve this stilling of citta is henceforth famous as Chamunda. The destruction of
vrttis-only through constant practice and genuine detachment Chanda and Munda needed the terrible Kali. But Shumbha
(vairagya), by constant practice (abhyasa) of non-reactivity and Nishumbha being more subtler spin-offs of intellect
(vairagya) (abhyasavairagyabhya. tannirodha%, Yogasutra, 1. (buddhi) and ignorance (avidya), the auspicious and sattvic
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form of the Goddess is need to liberate them. That is why Kali Asura Sampradaya Corresponding Ashta Pasa or Eight Bonds
tells Ambika, In this sacrifice of battle, here have I brought Udayudhas ghrna: contempt Kambus lajja: shame Kotiviryas
you the heads of Chanda and Munda the great beasts. bhaya: fear Dhaumras shanka: doubt Kalakas jugupsa: disgust
Shumbha and Nishumbha, you shall yourself slay. Once Daurhrdas kula: family, caste or group identity that becomes
again we have the Goddess talking to Herself as both the restrictive Mauryas shila: pride in ones morality that makes
terrible as well as auspicious forms are two different aspects one judgmental towards others Kalakeyas jati: racial identity
of the selfsame Mother Goddess. that leads to false pride and sense of superiority
Upon news of the loss of two of his servants Canda and Though some of the above bonds appear harmless on the face
Munda, Shumbha marshals vast numbers of asuric hosts, clan of it, potentially they can all be very restrictive and harmful.
by clan. Totally there are eight clans of demons who are Some of these bonds such as fear, doubt, contempt and
marshalled by Shumbha. They are Udayudhas, Kambus, disgust are limiting influences on our consciousness and its
Kotiviryas, Dhaumras, Kalakas, Daurhrdas, Mauryas and the expression. The remaining bonds such as group identity,
Kalakeyas. The eight asura clans represent the eight pasas. racial identity and pride in ones morality lead to arrogance or
Pasa means bond. According to Tantra Jiva or individual a false sense of superiority over others. These eight bonds
consciousness is bound by eight bonds or pasas. Jiva is contribute to as well as sustain the false self. Unlike grosser
limited by various constraints (kanchukas) and ashta pasas demoniac traits like anger and greed that the aspirant can
(eight bonds). When jiva becomes free of these constraints recognise more easily, the eight pasas are subtler and
and limiting bonds, one becomes Shiva. One who is bound by influence even those who have achieved some success in
Pasa (bond) is Jiva, while one who is free of the Pasas is sadhana. Even those who are at a relatively more advanced
Sadashiva (Pasa Yukta Bhavet Jiva Pasa Mukta Sadashiva). state and have some achievements to their credit, can fall prey
Sadhana is aimed at liberating individual consciousness (jiva) to these eight binding factors. One doesnt have to be
from these bonds. The boundless Consciousness is limited by predominantly rajasic or tamasic to fall prey to the influence
these eight bonds giving rise to a false sense of self or Asmita. of the eight pasas. Even sattvic people can slip into these
That is why Shumbha (Asmita) calls upon the eight asura limited ways of thinking or living. Pride in ones family, birth,
clans to fight on his behalf. This is the significance of the eight race, spiritual lineage, morality, sense of shame, fear, doubt,
clans of asuras. The eight asura clans and the eight pasas or contempt or disgust towards other spiritual approaches, are
bonds are given below. all highly limiting and can cause closed thinking. This is the
tyrranny of the eight clans of demons. To counter these eight
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asuric forces, Chandika (the Supreme Self) calls forth seven
Shaktis. These seven Shaktis along with Kali counter the eight
clans of asuras.
As the armies of the demons encircle Her, the Goddess

multiplies Her forces calling forth seven Shaktis, who are
seven aspects of our own consciousness. Thus Chandika and
Kali, the twin aspects of the Goddess fighting the asuras, are
now joined by the seven Shaktis of Brahma, Shiva, Kumara/
Skanda, Vishnu, Indra, Varaha and Narasimha. There issued
forth Chandikas own terrifying Shakti, who came to be known
as Shivaduti since she sent Lord Shiva himself as her
messenger to the asura lords. Together the nine Shaktis
destroy the mighty asuras in no time. Who are these
goddesses? Each goddess presides over a particular aspect of
our consciousness and is linked to a graha (planet) in
astrology. The nine Goddesses and their functions as aspects
of Consciousness are given below.
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Aspect or Function of
Goddess or Shakti Graha
Consciousness
Chandika or Her Shakti

Sun Soul or Self
Shivaduti
Maheshwari Moon Mind
Narasimhi Mars Will
Vaishnavi Mercury
Brahmani Jupiter
Aindri or Indrani Venus
Kali or Chamunda Saturn
Varahi Rahu
Kaumari Ketu
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The asura clans have been killed. The eight pasas have been (Yogasutra 1. 2). The best and only efficient method is to
cut asunder. Even Canda and Munda are dead. With both overcome the first desire, or first thought, rather than have to
Chanda (Pra-vrtti) and Munda (Ni-vrtti) dead, with both the fight a thousand more. Conquering the original desire will
outward and inward movements of citta vrttis having ceased, release us from this endless cycle of desire, gratification,
what remains to be done is only the stilling of the citta vrttis. disillusionment and frustration. The all knowing Candika
Raktabija, who strides onto the battlefield after the death of instructs Kali to roam about on the battlefield quickly
Chanda and Munda, is none other than the citta vrttis. That drinking the spilt drops of Raktabijas blood as she attacked
Raktabija is symbolic of citta vrrtis, becomes clear when we him. As Kali drank Raktabijas blood simultaneously
examine his unique power-whenever a drop of his blood falls devouring the newly born demons who sprang from his spilt
to earth, another demon of identical size and strength springs blood, the bloodless Raktabija died promptly. Finally, only
up. In the battle, innumerable demons proliferate from two demons remain-Shumbha and Nishumbha.
Raktabijas spilt blood, terrorising and bewildering the gods.
Shumbha and Nishumbha are the inseparable brothers. In a
This is the nature of citta vrttis or thought processes. Each
long battle sequence, the Goddess fights one-on-one first with
vrtti leads to one more as thoughts multiply in geometric
Nishumbha, then with Shumbha, and again with Nishumbha.
progression. The same is true of desire too. Though the gods
Nishumbhas character is not highlighted much so far apart
are bewildered by the ever-multiplying citta vrttis, Durga
from him being the younger brother of Shumbha, as dear as
laughs knowingly. Is it better to conquer one desire by nipping
life itself to Shumbha. If Shumbha is Asmita the false sense
it in the bud or to satisfy a thousand desires? This is a serious
of self, Nishumbha is mamatva or mamata. Nishumbha is as
question that every aspirant needs to reflect over at some
dear as life itself to Shumbha because the identity of Asmita
stage or the other.
the false sense of self , is shaped by its attachment (mamata)
Desire makes us human but it is also the source of all to body-mind, possessions, family and social roles, group
suffering. Desire is in the mind, as mental activity, as affiliations, identity and beliefs too, among other adjuncts
thoughts, as citta vrttis. When desire takes centre stage we (upadhis). An upadhi is a defining attribute, a limiting
often sit and watch helplessly wondering what we can do. qualification, a substitute, anything that maybe mistaken for
How do we release from the endless cycle of desire, something else. Thus while Shumbha represents subjective
gratification or frustration? The gods too are bewildered and ego-awareness, Nishumbha represents the attachment to all
frustrated by the ever-multiplying Raktabija. Ambika knows its objective attributes. The Devis battle sequence with the
the greatest truth of Yoga. Yoga is the stilling of citta vrttis asura brothers is the inner conflict between the boundless Self
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and the limited sense of self or the subjective and limited individuality, as fear that desperately clings to the
notion of identity. Being inextricably linked the two demon innumerable fragments of non-self as the Self. All this is
brothers Asmita and mamatva fight, one rising up when the because of the misidentification of the Self with the ever-
other is knocked out. If it is not Me it is about Mine. If it is changing Prakrti or material nature.
not about Me it could be about My children or spouse or
As the Goddess (Self) penetrates the ten thousand armed
family or country or religion. But in the final reckoning, all
monsters (Abhiniveshas) heart, the demons essence appears
this is of little value. As already explained earlier although it
one final time, pleading for the Goddess to stop, indicating
may seem that buddhi and purusha are identical, in reality
how unrelentingly one clings because of this klesha. However
they are not. The Self (Atman) is not the same as non-self
no upadhi can last truly till the end before the Devis sword of
(anatman). It is ignorance (avidya) that gives rise to the
knowledge (gnana). Finally as She slays him, only Shumbha is
mistaken notion that the non-self is identical to the Self.
left all alone, stripped of all the false things that he has
Avidya is so powerful, pervasive and subtle, and is the root of
identified himself with all along. With no other support
all other kleshas. It is avidya that makes us mistake buddhi,
Shumbha, the false self has to battle it out alone. The first six
which is also an upadhi, for the Self.
verses of the tenth chapter drive home the crux of the entire
All these are appearances mistaken for reality-this is the third episode.
actual definition for an upadhi. It becomes clear, when
Shumbha addresses the Devi as Durga (10.3), reminding us
Nishumbha, in spite of all his apparent grandeur, is knocked
that She is the selfsame Goddess who killed Mahishasura
senseless to the ground. Even so, he rises up in desperation,
earlier on in the second episode. Shumbha, the false self, is
as a monster with ten thousand arms, suggestive of desperate
based on the erroneous notion of multiplicity and
grasping or clinging to the the countless fragments of all that
individuality. Shumbha sees only multiplicity and cannot
one considers as ones own, the countless notions of mine
recognise the unity of all existence. Perplexed by the multiple
that sustain the notion of a separate self, that only serves to
names used to refer to the Goddess-Devi, Chandika, Ambika,
separate us from the Infinite One. This desperate instinctive
Kali, Chamunda, Brahmani, Maheshwari, Kaumari,
grasping or cliniging to the attachments of the limited self or
Vaishnavi, Varahi, Narasimhi, Aindri and a host of other
ego-awareness is the final klesha, Abhinivesha. Abhinivesha is
names throughout the text, one might possibly forget that
the most basic attachment to life that all living beings
there is only one Goddess in the entire narrative. Shumbha
instinctually possess. It manifests as fear of death, as fear of
too fails to recognise that the Devi is indeed one without a
death of ones individual existence, as fear of death of ones
second. He refuses to recognise the unity of all existence as he
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chides Her for depending on the strength of others. the asura with Her spear of knowledge (gnana). The death of
Thereupon the Devi reveals that she is one without a second, Asmita, the false self, or limited ego-awareness, is nothing but
saying I alone exist in this universe. Who else is there besides the relinquishing of a limited identity. But in losing this
me? (10.5). This is the great dictum, the Mahavakya of the limited identity one gains an unimaginably greater one-that of
Devi Mahatmyam. the Supreme Being. This final victory represents the
realization of the true Self, the end of all multiplicity, the
Following this proclamation of divine unity, She affirms that
steady experience of Oneness, and the passage from an ever-
the many manifestations, are but projections of Her own
changing becoming to Pure Awareness or Being. Finally one
power, as are all other forms she inhabits (10. 8). The truth of
can now join the seer of the Svetasvatara Upanishad in
infinite Being and Oneness cannot be appreciated by the false
affirming, I know the unchanging, primeval One, the
self, for how can the false or individual self exist if it can
indwelling Self of all things, existing everywhere, all
realise Oneness? How can the limited notion of individuality
pervading, whom the wise declare to be eternal, free from
exist alongside the unbounded, infinite Self? This is the
birth (3. 21).
delusional power of Mahamaya. Just as all the divine
manifestations are projections of the Goddess, all the asuras
are also projections of Asmita. Now that Shumbha is all alone,
denuded of all the multiple projections of individual ego-
awareness, the climax of the battle is between the limited self
and the Supreme Self. But it is not a battle between equals
though it looks like one on the face of it.
After exhausting all weapons, Shumbha and the Devi fight

hand to hand in mid-air as never before, to the astonishment
of the saints and sages! The combat with Shumbha is the
rarest one, as Asmita is extremely elusive and stubborn. But
the Devis Sattvic power can overcome the mightiest asuric
force though after a short-lived play of power. Their battle is
symbolic of a spiritual struggle that is beyond the realm of day
to day existence. This is the significance of the metaphor of
fighting in mid-air. Eventually the Devi kills him by piercing
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S ECTION 4 wrought by Mahishasura in detail. He (Mahishasura) himself
has assumed the jurisdictions of Surya, Indra, Agni, Vayu,
Middle episode Chandra, Yama and Varuna and of other gods too. Thrown out
(Madhyama Caritra) - from heaven by that evil-natured Mahisha, the hosts of devas
wander on the earth like mortals. All that has been done by
Chapters 2, 3 and 4 the enemy of the devas, has been related to you both, we seek
shelter under you both. May both of you be pleased to think
out the means of his destruction. Thus spoke the devas.
Vishnu and Siva were greatly angered on hearing the tyranny

of Mahishasura. As their faces became fierce with frowns
there issued forth a great light from the face of Vishnu who
was full of intense anger, and from that of Brahma and Siva
The second episode of the glory of the Goddess is constituted too. A very great light sprang forth from the bodies of Indra
by the second, third and fourth chapters-The Slaughter of and other devas as well. All this light united together. The
Mahishasuras Armies, The Slaying of Mahishasura and The devas saw there a concentration of light like a mountain
Devi Stuti, respectively. The second episode narrates how the blazing excessively, pervading all the quarters with its flames.
mother Goddess helped the gods by killing Mahishasura who Then that unique light, produced from the bodies of all the
took many different forms, including that of a buffalo. devas, pervading the three worlds with its lustre, combined
into one and became a female form; the manifestation of the
Chapter 2 lights of other devas too combined into the auspicious being
of the Goddess. Then looking at her, who had come into being
Of yore when Mahishasura was the lord of asuras and Indra
from the assembled lights of all the devas, the immortals who
the lord of devas, there was a war between the devas and
were oppressed by Mahishasura experienced great joy.
asuras for a full hundred years. In that the army of the gods
was vanquished by the mighty demons. After conquering all Drawing forth a trident from his own trident Shiva presented
the devas, Mahisasura became the lord of heaven. Driven it to her; Vishnu brought forth a discus out of his own discus
away from their homes the vanquished devas headed by and gave it to her. Varuna gave her a conch, Agni a spear; and
Brahma, the father of beings, went to the place where Siva and Maruta gave a bow as well as two quivers full of arrows. Indra,
Vishnu were. The devas then narrated the story of their defeat lord of devas, bringing forth a thunderbolt out of his own
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thunderbolt and a bell from that of his elephant Airavata, gave twang of the bow-string, she stood there covering all the
them to her. Yama gave a staff from his own staff of death and quarters with her thousand arms.
Varuna, the lord of waters, gave her a noose. Brahma, the lord
Then began the battle between that Devi and the enemies of
of beings, gave a string of beads and a water-pot. Surya placed
the devas, in which the quarters of the sky were illumined by
his own rays on all the pores of her skin, while Kala gave her a
various arrows and missiles hurled at each other. She, the
sword and a spotless shield. The milky ocean gave her the best
Goddess Durga, the embodiment of the lethal energy of divine
ornaments and garments, Vishwakarma gave her a brilliant
anger turned against evil, set herself to destroy the armies of
axe, various missiles and an unbreakable armour. The ocean
Mahishasura. Mahisasura's general, a great asura named
gave her unfading lotus garlands to wear and a very beautiful
Chiksura and Chamara fought, equipped with the fourfold
lotus to be held in her hand. Himavan gave her various gems
complement of armies of asuras. A great asura named Udagra
and the lion as her vehicle. Kubera the lord of wealth gave her
with sixty thousand chariots, and Mahahanu with ten million
a drinking cup always full of celestial wine.
chariots waged the battle. Asiloman, another great asura, with
Honoured with ornaments and weapons by the remaining fifteen million chariots and Baskala with six millions fought in
gods too, the Goddess roared with loud laughter again and that battle. Privarita with many thousands of elephants and
again. The entire sky was filled with her immeasurable horses, and encircled by ten million chariots, fought in that
stupendous roar and great was the echo that reverberated. All battle. An asura named Bidala fought in that battle
the worlds were frenzied and the oceans raged. The earth surrounded by five billion chariots. And other great asuras,
quaked and the mountains rocked in the wake of the Warrior thousands in number, surrounded with chariots, elephants
Goddess, the great unity of the innate powers (saktis) of all and horses fought with the Devi in that battle.
the gods. Victory to you, exclaimed the gods in joy to her,
Mahisasura was encircled by many billions chariots, horses
the lion-rider. The sages extolled her bowing their bodies in
and elephants in that battle. Other asuras too fought in the
salutation. Seeing the three worlds agitated the foes of the
battle against the Devi with iron maces and javelins, with
gods, marshalled all their armies and rose up together with
spears and clubs, with swords, battle-axes and halberds. Some
uplifted weapons. Exclaiming in wrath, Mahishasura rushed
hurled spears and others nooses. They began to strike her
towards that sound, accompanied by innumerable asuras.
with swords in order to kill her. Showering her own weapons
Then he saw the Goddess pervading the three worlds with her
and arms, Goddess Chandika too, quite playfully, cut into
effulgence. Making the earth bend with her footstep, scraping
pieces all those weapons and arms. With gods and sages
the sky with her diadem, shaking the nether worlds with the
extolling her, showing no signs of fatigue on her face, the
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Goddess Isvari hurled her weapons and arms at the bodies of again. Some of these headless trunks danced there in the
the asuras. The mount of the Goddess, the lion, shaking its battlefield to the rhythm of the battle drums. The trunks of
mane in rage, stalked amidst the armies of the asuras like a some other great asuras whose heads had been severed just
blazing forest fire. The sighs which the Goddess Ambika, then, shouted at the Devi Stop, stop, with their swords,
fighting in the battle, heaved became at once her battalions by spears and lances still in their hands.
hundreds and thousands.
That part of the earth where the battle was fought became
Energized by the power of the Devi, these battalions fought impassable with the asuras, elephants and horses and chariots
with battle-axes, javelins, swords and halberds, destroying the that had been felled. Streams of blood from the asuras,
asuras. Of these battalions, some beat drums, some blew elephants and horses flowed immediately like large rivers
conches and others played on tabors in that great martial amidst that army of the asuras. As fire consumes a huge heap
festival. The Goddess killed hundreds of asuras with her of straw and wood, so did Ambika destroy that vast army of
trident, mace, showers of spears, swords and the like, and asuras in no time. And her carrier-lion, thundering aloud with
threw down others who were stupefied by the noise of her quivering mane, prowled about in the battlefield, appearing to
bell. Binding others with her noose, she dragged them on the search out the vital breaths from the bodies of the enemies of
ground. Some were split into two by the sharp fall of her the gods. In that battlefield the battalions of the Goddess
sword, and others, smashed by the blows of her mace, lay fought in such a manner with the asuras that the gods were
down on the ground while some who were severely hammered pleased and showered flowers from heaven.
by the pestle vomited blood. Pierced in the breast by her
Thus ends the second chapter Slaughter of the armies of
trident, some fell on the ground.
Mahisasura-of Devi-Mahatmya in Markandeya Purana.
In the battlefield, the asuras who afflicted the gods were
Chapter 3
caught in a flood of arrows and were pierced all over by
arrows. Resembling porcupines, they breathed their last. Seeing that army being slain, Ciksura, the great asura general,
Some had their arms cut off, some others their necks. Heads proceeded in anger to fight with Ambika. The asura rained
of others rolled down while some others were torn asunder in showers of arrows on the Goddess in battle just as a cloud
the middle of their trunks. Some great asuras fell on the showers rain on the peak of Mount Meru. Then the Goddess
ground with their legs severed. Some rendered one-armed, playfully cutting asunder the volley of arrows, killed his horses
one-eyed, and one-legged were again rent into two by the and their driver with her arrows. Forthwith she broke his bow
Goddess. And others, though rendered headless, fell and rose and banner flying aloft, and with swift arrows she pierced the
145
body of that asura whose bow had been broken. His bow her mace. She killed Baskala with a javelin and destroyed
shattered, his chariot smashed, his horses killed and his Tamra and Andhaka with arrows. The three-eyed Supreme
charioteer slain, the asura armed with sword and shield Isvari killed Ugrasya, Ugravirya and Mahahanu too with her
jumped at the Goddess. Swiftly he struck the lion on the head trident. With her sword she struck down Bidala's head from
with his sharp-edged sword and hit the Devi also on her left his body, and dispatched both Durdhara and Durmudha to
arm. His sword broke into pieces as soon as it touched her the abode of Death with her arrows.
arm. Eyes reddened with anger he took the spear and hurled
Seeing his army being destroyed thus, Mahisasura terrified
the resplendent weapon at Bhandrakali, as though he was
the troops of the Devi with his buffalo form, hitting some by
hurling the very orb of sun from the skies. Seeing the spear
muzzle, trampling some by the hooves, lashing at some with
coming upon her, the Devi hurled her spear. It shattered his
his tail, and tearing others with his horns. Some he laid low on
spear into a hundred pieces, as it did likewise with the great
the face of the earth by sheer speed, some by his bellowing
asura.
and wheeling movement, and others by the blast of his breath.
When the very valiant general of Mahisha, was slain, Camara, Having laid low her army, Mahisasura rushed to slay the lion
the afflictor of the gods came forward mounted on an of the great goddess. This enraged Ambika. He too, of great
elephant. He too hurled his lance at the Devi. Ambika quickly valour, pounded the terrain with his hooves in rage, tossed
assailed it with a grunt, made it lustreless and fall to the about the mountains with his horns, and bellowed terribly.
ground. Seeing his lance broken and fallen, Camara, full of Crushed by his whirling speed, the earth crumbled to pieces.
rage, hurled a spear, and she broke that also with her arrows. Lashed by his tail, the ocean flooded everywhere. Pierced by
Then the lion, leaping up and seating itself at the centre of the his swaying horns, the clouds went into pieces. His heaving
elephants forehead, engaged itself in a hand to hand fight breath lifted the mountains up in the sky in hundreds and
with that enemy of the gods. Fighting, the two then came brought them down.
down to the earth from the back of the elephant, and fought
Seeing the great asura bloated with rage advancing towards
very animatedly dealing each other terrible blows. Then the
her, Chandika assumed an angry mood in order to slay him.
lion, springing up quickly to the sky, and descending, severed
She flung her noose over the great asura and bound him. Thus
Camara's head with a blow of its paw.
bound in the great battle, he relinquished his buffalo form.
Udagra was killed in the battle by the Devi with rocks, trees Then suddenly he became a lion. As soon as Ambika cut the
and the like. Karala was brought down by her teeth, fists and head off, he took the appearance of a man with sword in hand.
slaps. Enraged, the Devi pulverised Uddhata with the blows of Immediately the Goddess cut asunder the man along with his
146
sword and shield. Then he became a huge elephant and pulled
her lion with his trunk roaring loudly. As he was dragging, the
Chapter 4
Devi cut off his trunk with her sword. The great asura then
resumed his buffalo form and shook the three worlds with When the most valiant and wicked Asura and his armies were
their movable and immovable objects. slain by the Goddess, the hosts of gods headed by Indra
lauded her, their necks and shoulders reverently bent, and
An enraged Chandika, the Mother of the worlds, quaffed again
bodies rendered beautiful with horripilation and exultation.
and again a superb drink, her eyes becoming red. The asura
too intoxicated with his strength and valour roared and threw This is the longest and most eloquent of the Devi
mountains at Chandika with his horns. She reduced those Mahatmyams four hymns. Known as the Shakradistuti
mountains to powder with a volley of arrows. She spoke to (praise by Indra and the host of gods), it illumines the themes
him, her words faltering and the colour of her face rising due of good and evil, fate and free will, karma and divine grace.
to the intoxication of the drink. The Goddess said, Roar, roar, This hymn constitutes the fourth chapter of the Devi
O fool, for a moment till I drink this wine. Soon the gods are Mahatmyam. The hymn praises Durga as good fortune in the
going to roar in this very place, when you get slain by me. dwellings of the virtuous and misfortune in the abodes of the
Exclaiming thus, she jumped and landed herself on that great wicked. While this verse explicitly entails reward and
asura, crushing his neck under her foot and struck him with punishment by a personal deity, implicitly it points to an
her spear. Thereupon, caught under her foot, Mahishasura impersonal balancing principle at work in the universe-the
managed to emerge partly from his own buffalo mouth. Being law of karma. Either ways the message is the same: our deeds
completely overcome by the valour of the Goddess only half of have consequences. The hymn further proclaims that the
his self could emerge. Fighting thus with his half-revealed Mothers intentions are most gracious even toward evildoers.
form, the great asura was beheaded and slain by the Goddess Her nature is to subdue the misconduct of the wicked.
with the sword. Then, crying in consternation, the entire army Through her inconceivable grace, even wrongdoers who have
of asuras perished. The entire hosts of gods exulted at this. committed great evils that may well ensure them of long
The gods along with the divine seers lauded the Goddess, the torments for their evil deeds are purified in battle by the touch
gandharva chiefs sang and the bevies of apsaras danced in of her weapons and are brought to beatitude. In destroying
celebration of Mahishasuras end. the demons the Goddess destroys the evil samskaras within
us.
Thus ends the third chapter -The Slaying of Mahishasura-of
Devi-Mahatmya in Markandeya Purana.
147
Thus the supporter of the worlds was praised and worshipped
with celestial flowers, perfumes, unguents and heavenly
incense by the devas. Benignly serene in countenance she
spoke to the obeisant gods. The Devi said, O devas, choose
whatever you desire of me. The gods responded, Since our
enemy, this Mahishasura, has been slain by you, O Bhagavati
everything has been accomplished, and nothing remains to be
done. And if a boon is to be granted to us by you, O
Maheshvari, whenever we think of you again, please destroy
our direct calamities. And, O Mother of spotless countenance,
whatever mortal shall praise you with these hymns, may you,
who have become gracious towards us, also be gracious to him
and bless him to be fortunate, O Ambika! Goddess
Bhadrakali who was thus propitiated by the gods for their own
sake and that of the world, said Be it so and vanished from
their sight.
Thus ends the fourth chapter -The Devi Stuti-of the Devi-
Mahatmya in Markandeya-Purana.
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S ECTION 5 Deprived of their lordships and sovereignties, expelled by the
two mighty asuras, the gods thought of the invincible Devi.
Final episode (Uttama She had granted us the boon: Whenever in calamities you
Caritra) - Chapters 5 to 13 think of me, that very moment I will put an end to all your
worst calamities. Resolving thus, the devas went to Himavat,
lord of the mountains, and there extolled the Devi, who is the
illusive power of Vishnu.
This is the third hymn in the text. Also known as Aparajita-

stuti or Tantrika Devi Suktam, in this hymn there are more
than twenty slokas beginning with ya devi sarva bhuteshu,
indicating that the devi is present in all creatures as
In the final episode referred to as the uttama caritra, sage consciousness, as power, as intellect, as memory, as sleep, as
Medhas narrates the story of the demons Shumbha and delusion, as desire, as activity, as prosperity, as forgiveness, as
Nishumbha. This time the cast of characters is much larger faith, as loveliness, and so on, reminding us of the Vibhuti
and the metaphorical significance is subtle but not difficult to Yoga of Gita. This beautiful hymn is a powerful meditation by
comprehend. This story too has a familiar beginning. itself, a combination of meditation, affirmation and mantra.
The devas said: Salutations to the Devi, to the Mahadevi.

Chapter 5 Salutations always to her who is ever auspicious. Salutation to
her who is the Primordial Prakrti and the ever Benign. To
Two demons, named Shumbha and Nishumbha, have Thee we offer our humble obeisance...
dispossessed the gods, stripped them of their powers and
appropriated their wealth and privilege. Indra's sovereignty While the gods were thus engaged in extolling the
over the three worlds and his portions of the sacrifices are Unvanquished (Aparajita) Goddess, Parvati came there to
taken away by the Shumbha and Nishumbha, by force of their bathe in the waters of the Ganga. She, the lovely-browed,
pride and strength. The two powerful demons take over enquired of the gods, Who is she that is being extolled here?
likewise, the offices of the Surya, Chandra, Kubera, Yama, and An auspicious goddess, sprung forth from her body sheath
Varuna. The same happens to Vayus and Agnis portfolios as (kosha) and spoke, This hymn is addressed to me by the
well. assembled devas routed in battle and set at naught by the
149
asuras Shumbha and Nishumbha. Because that Goddess Sugriva went to the very beautiful spot on the mountain where
emerged from Parvati's body sheath (kosa:sheath), she is the Devi was and spoke to her in fine and sweet words. The
glorified as Kaushiki in all the worlds. After she had issued messenger said, O Devi, Shumbha, lord of asuras, is the
forth, Parvati became dark and was called Kalika (dark) and supreme sovereign of the three worlds. Sent by him as
took her abode on mount Himalaya. messenger, I have come here to your presence. Hearken to
what has been said by him, who has vanquished all the foes of
Then, Chanda, and Munda, the servants of Shumbha and
the asuras and whose command has never been transgressed
Nishumbha, saw Ambika (Kausiki) who had assumed a
even by the devas. He says All the three worlds are mine and
surpassingly charming form. They both told Shumbha: 'O
the devas are obedient to me. We look upon you, O Devi, as
great king, a certain woman, most surpassingly beautiful,
the jewel of womankind in the world. You who are such, come
resides there shedding lustre on mount Himalaya. Nobody
to me, since we are the enjoyers of the best objects. Take to
has ever seen such supreme beauty anywhere. Ascertain who
me or to my younger brother Nishumbha of great prowess, O
that Goddess is and take possession of her, O Lord of the
lady of wavering glance, for you are in truth a jewel. Wealth,
asuras! A gem among women, of exceedingly lovely limbs,
great and beyond compare, you will get by accepting me.
stands, making the quarters luminous by her lustre. You
Think over this in your mind, and become my wife.
ought to see her. O Lord, whatever things are there in the
three worlds, all of them, gems, jewels, elephants, horses etc., Durga the adorable and auspicious, by whom this universe is
are now in your mansion. You have seized every precious supported, said serenely, You have spoken truth; nothing
possession from the likes of Indra, Brahma, Kubera, Varuna, false has been uttered by you in this matter. Shumbha is
and Yama. Nishumbha has all kinds of gems born in the indeed the sovereign of the three worlds and likewise is also
ocean. Agni too given you a pair of garments purified by fire. Nishumbha. But how can that which has been promised go
Thus, O Lord of asuras, all gems have been seized by you. Why false? Hear what promise I had made already in my
this auspicious lady, a jewel among women has not been taken immaturity. He who conquers me in battle, vanquishes my
by you? pride and is my match in strength in the world shall be my
husband. So let Shumbha come here or Nishumbha of great
On hearing these words of Chanda and Munda, Shumbha sent
strength. Vanquishing me here let him easily win my hand in
the great asura Sugriva as messenger to the Goddess. He said,
marriage. Why delay?
Go and tell her thus in my words and do the thing in such a
manner that she may quickly come to me in love. The messenger said, O Devi, you are haughty. Talk not so
before me. Which man in the three worlds dare stand before
150
Shumbha and Nishumbha? All the devas verily cannot stand shouted, Set out to the presence of Shumbha and
face to face with even the other asuras in battle. Why mention Nishumbha. If you do not go to my master now with love, I
you, O Devi, a single woman? When the gods headed by Indra shall take you by force, unnerving you by dragging you by the
could not stand in battle against Shumbha and other demons, hair. The Goddess replied, You have been sent by the lord of
how will you, a woman, face them? On my word alone, you go the daityas. You are strong and backed by an army. If you take
to Shumbha and Nishumbha. Let it not be that you go to them me by force what can I do?
with your dignity lost by being dragged by your hair.
On hearing her words, Dhumralochana rushed towards her.
The Goddess said, It is true. Shumbha is strong and so is The Goddess reduced the demon to ashes by a mere heave of
Nishumbha . What can I do since there stands my ill- her breath (humkara). Seeing Dhumralochana turned to
considered vow taken long ago? Go back, and tell the lord of ashes, the enraged army of demons showered on Ambika
asuras carefully all that I have said. Let him then do whatever sharp arrows, lances and battle-axes. Then the lion, the mount
he considers proper. of the Goddess, shook its mane in anger and roaring most
terrifyingly, pounced on the army of asuras. It slaughtered
Thus ends the fifth chapter Devi's conversation with the
some demons striking with its paw, tearing out the bellies of
messenger-of the Devi-Mahatmya in Markandeya-Purana.
some with its claws, others with its mouth, and some by a
Chapter 6 stampede with its hind legs. In a moment, the entire army was
destroyed by the enraged and noble lion that bore the
Hearing the words of the Devi, the indignant messenger Goddess as her vehicle.
hastened back and related them in detail to the king of the
daityas. Hearing the report from his messenger, the enraged Hearing that the demon Dhumralochana was slain by the
asura monarch told Dhumralochana, a chieftain of the Goddess and that the entire army was destroyed by the lion of
daityas, O Dhumralochana, hasten together with your army the Goddess, Shumbha, the lord of the asuras became furious.
and fetch that shrew here by force, unnerving her by dragging His lips quivering, he commanded the two mighty asuras
her by her hair. If anyone else stands up as her saviour, let Chanda and Munda, O Chanda, O Munda, go there with large
him be slain, be he a god, a yaksa or a gandharva. forces, and quickly bring her here, dragging her by her hair or
binding her. If you are unsure of that, then let the asuras
As commanded by Shumbha, the asura Dhumralochana, strike her in battle with all the weapons. When that shrew is
marched past quickly, accompanied by sixty thousand asuras. wounded and her lion stricken down, seize that Ambika, bind
On seeing the Goddess stationed on the snowy mountain, he her and bring her quickly.
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Thus ends the sixth chapter The Slaying of Dhumralochana swallowed them. Laughing fiercely, Kali of the terrible
-of Devi-Mahatmya in Markandeya Purana. countenance mounted the great lion and rushed at Chanda.
Seizing him by his hair, she severed his head with her sword.
Chapter 7
Seeing Chanda being slain, Munda also rushed at her. Striking
Then at his command the asuras headed by Chanda and him furiously with her sword, she felled him too to the
Munda, marched in fourfold array, fully armed. They saw the ground.
Devi, smiling gently, seated upon the lion on a lofty golden
Seeing the most valiant Chanda and Munda vanquished, the
peak of the great mountain. On seeing her, some of them got
remaining army became panicky and fled in all directions.
excited and made an effort to capture her, and others
And Kali, holding the heads of Chanda and Munda in her
approached her, with their swords drawn and bows bent.
hands, approached Chandika and said, In this sacrifice of
Thereupon Ambika became terribly angry with those foes, and
battle, here have I brought you the heads of Chanda and
in her anger her countenance then became dark as ink.
Munda the great beasts. Shumbha and Nishumbha, you shall
Suddenly, Kali of the terrible countenance, armed with a
yourself slay. Thereupon, seeing the two great asuras Chanda
sword and noose, emerged forth from the surface of Ambikas
and Munda brought to her, the auspicious Chandika, said to
forehead that was fierce with a frown. Holding a strange skull-
Kali these playful words, As you have brought me both
topped staff, decorated with a garland of skulls, clad in a Chanda and Munda, you O Devi, shall be famed in the world
tiger's skin, very appalling due to her emaciated body, with a by the name Chamunda.
gaping mouth and tongue lolling out fearfully, with deep-sunk
Thus ends the seventh chapter The slaying of Chanda and
reddish eyes, she filled the quarters with her roars.
Munda -of Devi-Mahatmya in Markandeya Purana.
Kali devoured the army of the foes of the gods, falling upon
Chapter 8
them impetuously and slaughtering the great asuras in that
army. Devouring some, crushing others, chewing most When Chanda and Munda were laid low and many of the
frightfully with her teeth, she pounded the entire army of the battalions of the asuras destroyed, the lord of the asuras, the
mighty wicked asuras. Seeing the entire army of asuras laid to mighty Sumbha, with intellect clouded by rage, commanded
the ground in a moment, Canda ran towards the terrible Kali. the marshalling of all the asura armies. Now, let the eighty-
While Canda showered arrows at her, Munda hurled discuses six Udayudhas with all their forces and uplifted weapons, and
in thousands at her eyes. The numerous discuses entering her the eighty-four Kambus, along with their own forces, set out
mouth shone like so many orbs of the Sun as Kali just for battle. Let the fifty asura families of Kotiviryas and the
152
hundred families of Dhaumras go forth at my command. Garuda, holding conch, club, bow and sword in hand, came
Likewise let the asura clans, Kalakas, Daurhrdas, the Mauryas Vaishnavi, the Shakti of Vishnu. Varahi, who assumed the
and the Kalakeyas hasten at my command and march forth incomparable form of Hari as the sacrificial boar, also came.
ready for battle. Issuing these orders, Sumbha, the lord of the Narasmihi too arrived, assuming a form like that of
asuras, the cruel despot, set out surrounded thousands of Narasmiha, half-woman and half-lioness, bringing down the
huge forces. constellations by the toss of her mane. Likewise the thousand-
eyed Aindri, holding a thunderbolt in hand and riding on the
Seeing that most terrible army advancing, Chandika filled the
lord of elephants arrived just like Indra. Thereupon Shiva,
space between the earth and the sky with twangs of her bow-
surrounded by those shaktis of the devas, said to Chandika,
string. Thereon her lion roared very loudly. Ambika amplified
Let the asuras be killed forthwith by you for my
those sounds with the clanging of the bell. Filling the quarters
gratification. Then, from the body of the Goddess issued
with roars from her gaping mouth, Kali suffused the sounds of
forth the most terrific Shakti of Chandika, exceedingly fierce
the bow-string, lion and bell by her terrific roars. On hearing
and yelling like a hundred jackals together. She, the
that roar the infuriated armies of the asuras surrounded the
invincible, told Shiva, of smoke-hued matted locks, Go, O
lion, the Goddess (Chandika) and Kali on all the four sides.
lord, as an ambassador to the presence of Sumbha and
Meanwhile, in order to ensure the annihilation of the enemies
Nisumbha. Tell the two arrogant asuras and the other asuras
of the gods and also for the well-being of the great gods, there
assembled there for battle-Let Indra obtain the sovereignty of
issued forth, endowed with exceeding valour and strength,
the three worlds and let the gods partake the oblations. You go
Shaktis from the bodies of Brahma, Shiva, Guha, Vishnu and
to the nether world, if you wish to live. But if through pride of
Indra, Whatever was the form of the Godhead, whatever his
strength you are anxious for battle, then come by all means.
ornaments and vehicle, in that very form his Shakti advanced
Let my jackals be satisfied with your flesh. Since that Devi
to fight the asuras.
appointed Shiva himself as her ambassador, thenceforth she
In a heavenly chariot yoked by swans came Brahma's Shakti became renowned in this world as Shiva-duti.
carrying a rosary and water-pot (kamandalu). She is called
Hearing the words of the Devi communicated by Shiva, those
Brahmani. Maheshvari arrived, mounted on a bull, holding
great asuras, on their part, were filled with indignation and
the great trident, with huge serpents for bangles, with the
repaired to the place where Katyayani stood. Then in the very
digit of the moon as an ornament. The mother Kaumari came
beginning, the enraged foes of the gods showered arrows,
in the form of Guha, riding on a fine peacock wielding the
lances and double-edged swords on the Goddess.
spear in her hand, to attack the asuras. Likewise seated upon
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The Goddess cut asunder playfully those arrows, spears, profusely from Raktabija, who was wounded by the
lances and battle-axes hurled by them, with powerful arrows thunderbolt, there arose from his blood, combatants of his
shot from her full-drawn bow. Then, Kali stalked about, in stature and might.
front of Sumbha, tearing the foes to pieces with her spear and
As many drops of blood fell from his body, so many persons
mashing them with her skull-topped staff. Whomsoever
with his valour, strength and prowess came into being. And
Brahmani attacked, she made those enemies bereft of valour
they who took birth from his blood, too fought with the
and prowess by sprinkling on them the water from her water-
Mother-goddesses more terribly, hurling formidable weapons.
pot. Maheshvari slew the daityas with her trident, Vaisnavi,
Again when Raktabijas head was wounded by the
with her discus and Kaumari, with her lance. Torn to pieces by
thunderbolt, his blood flowed, and from that blood were born
Aindrs thunderbolt which come down upon them, the
thousands more. In the battle Vaisnavi struck him with her
demons the offspring of diti and danu, fell on the earth in
discus. Aindri hit the great asura with her mace. The world
hundreds, streams of blood flowing. Pounded by blows from
was pervaded by thousands of great asuras of his stature, born
the snout of the boar-formed goddess Varahi, wounded in
from the blood that flowed out of the cut inflicted by
their chests by the point of her tusk and rent by her discus, the
Vaisnavis discus. Kaumari struck him with her spear and
asuras fell down. Filling the sky and the quarters with her
Varahi with her sword. Maheshvari assaulted him with her
roars, Narasmihi, roamed about in the battle, devouring other
trident. And the enraged Raktabija struck the Mother-
great asuras torn by her claws. Dispirited by the violent
goddesses individually as well as severally with his club.
laughter of Shivaduti, the asuras fell on the earth as she
promptly devoured those who had fallen down. Hundreds of asuras came into being from the stream of blood
that fell on the ground as he received multiple wounds by the
Seeing the enraged band of Mothers (Matru ganas) crushing
lances, spears and other weapons. The entire world was
the great asuras by various means, the troops of the enemies
pervaded by the asuras who took birth from the blood of
of gods took to their heels. Noticing the fleeing demons
Raktabija. The gods were intensely alarmed at this. Seeing the
assailed by the Matru ganas, the great asura Raktabija strode
devas dejected, Chandika laughed and said to Kali, O
forward to fight in wrath. No sooner a drop of blood from
Chamunda, keep your mouth wide open. And with this mouth
Raktabijas body fell on the ground than a great asura of his
quickly take in the drops of blood generated by the blow of my
very stature would spring forth on the earth. With mace in
weapon and also the great asuras born of the drops of blood of
hand the great asura fought with Indra's shakti . Then Aindri
Raktabija. Roam about in the battlefield, devouring the great
struck Ranktabija with her thunderbolt. As blood flowed
asuras born from his blood. Thus this demon shall perish,
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losing all his blood. As you go on devouring them, other fierce Then commenced a severe combat between the Devi on one
asuras will not be born. side and, Shumbha and Nishumbha on the other, from whom
rained a most tempestuous shower of arrows on her like
Having enjoined her thus, the Goddess then struck Raktabija
showers from two clouds. With a shower of arrows Chandika
with her spear. Thereupon Kali drank Raktabija's blood with
quickly split the arrows shot by the two asuras and hit the two
her mouth. Rightaway Raktabija struck Chandika with his
lords of asuras on their limbs with a multitude of weapons. In
mace. The the blow did not cause her even the slightest pain.
the ensuing combat Nishumbha hit the lion of the Goddess on
On the other hand, blood flowed profusely from the stricken
the head, upon which the Goddess destroyed his weapons one
parts of his body and from wherever it flowed Chamunda
after another. Then the asura Nishumbha, bloated with anger,
(Kali) swallowed it with her mouth. And Chamunda devoured
seized the spear and that also, as it came, the Goddess
the asuras born from the blood in her mouth, as she carried
powdered with a blow of her fist. Then Goddess laid the
on with drinking his blood. The Goddess smote Raktabija with
advancing Nishumbha to the ground, striking him with a
her spear, thunderbolt, arrows, swords, and double-edged
torrent of arrows.
swords, while Kali went on drinking his blood. Hit by a
multitude of weapons that made him lose all his blood, the When the mighty Nishumbha was thus laid flat on the ground
great asura Raktabija eventually fell on the ground. the exceedingly angry Shumbha set out to slay Ambika.
Thereupon the gods attained great joy. The Mother-goddesses Standing in his chariot and pervading the entire sky with his
who emerged from them danced drunk with the asuras blood. long and incomparable eight arms holding excellent weapons,
he shone. Seeing him advancing, the Goddess blew her conch,
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and made an extremely unbearable twang of her bow-string.
After Raktabija was slain and other asuras were killed in the She filled all the quarters with the sound of her bell that rang
fight, the asura Shumbha and Nishumbha gave way to the death-knell to the splendour of the entire armies of asuras.
unbounded wrath. Enraged on seeing his great army Then the lion filled the heaven, the earth and the ten quarters
slaughtered, Nishumbha rushed forth with the chief forces of of the sky with loud roars, which made the elephants abandon
the asuras. In front of him, at his back and on his sides great their violent rut.
asuras, biting their lips in ire advanced to slay the Goddess.
Thereupon, Kali leapt up striking the sky and the earth with
Having fought with the Mother-goddesses, the great warrior
both her hands. All the previous sounds were drowned in that
Shumbha too arrived in fury, accompanied by his forces, to
sound. Sivaduti burst into a thunderous and ominous
slay Chandika.
laughter, terrifying the asuras and Sumbha flew into an
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utmost rage. No sooner had the Mother said Stand fast, O whose necks he had crushed with his fierce teeth, while Kali
evil-natured one, the gods stationed in the sky cheered, and Sivaduti devoured others. The Mother-goddesses
Victory to thee. Kaumari, Brahmani, Maheshwari, Varahi, Vaishnavi and
Aindri, put to naught many asuras, as Kali, Sivaduti and the
The spear, flaming most terribly and shining like a mass of
lion devoured others , while some asuras fled from the battle.
fire, hurled by the advancing Shumbha, as it was coming
along, was put out by a great firebrand from the Goddess. The Chapter 10
interspace between the three worlds was pervaded by
Seeing his brother Nishumbha, who was dear to him as his
Shumbha's war cry, but the dreadful thunder-clap of the
life, slain and his army being slaughtered, Shumbha spoke in
Goddess smothered that too. In hundreds and thousands the
fury, O Durga, wicked and possessed by pride in your
Goddess and Shumbha split the arrows shot by each other.
strength, do not be conceited. You fight dependant on the
Then the enraged Chandika struck him with a spear.
strength of others and yet think highly of yourself. The
Wounded therewith, Shumbha fainted and fell to the ground.
Goddess said, In this universe, I alone exist. Who else is there
Then regaining consciousness, Nisumbha seized his bow and
besides me? Look, O wicked one, these manifestations of mine
struck with arrows the Goddess, Kali and the lion.
merge into my own self! Then all those goddesses headed by
Putting forth ten thousand arms, the lord of the asuras Brahmani merged in the body of the Goddess. Then Mother
covered Chandika with ten thousand discuses. Then the Ambika alone remained there. The Goddess said The many
Goddess Durga, the destroyer of difficulties and afflictions, manifestations, which I manifested here by my own power,
became angry and cut asunder those discuses and arrows with have been withdrawn by me, and now I stand alone. Be
her own arrows. Thereupon Nisumbha, accompanied by the steadfast in combat.
army of asuras, swiftly seizing his mace, rushed forward to kill
Then began a dreadful battle between them both, the Devi and
Chandika. As he was rushing at her, Chandika broke his mace
Shumbha, while all the devas and asuras looked on. With
to pieces with her sharp-edged sword. Then he seized the
showers of arrows, with sharp weapons and frightful missiles,
spear and rushed forth. Quickly Chandika pierced him in the
both engaged again in a combat that frightened all the worlds.
heart with a swiftly hurled spear. From Nishumbhas heart
The asura king broke the hundreds of divine missiles that the
that was pierced issued forth another person of great strength
Goddess launched, with neutralising weapons. The great
and valour, exclaiming Stop. As he emerged the Goddess
Goddess too playfully destroyed all the celestial missiles shot
severed his head with her sword, laughing loudly. Thereupon
by him. In the fierce combat that ensued, the Goddess
he fell to the ground. The lion then devoured those asuras
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destroyed Shumbhas weapons one by one, then his horses, the minds of all the hosts of gods were filled with joy and the
chariot, bow and mace, fighting gallantly. In spite of the last of celestial musicians (gandharvas) sang sweetly. Others played
his weapons being destroyed by the Goddess, the their musical instruments and the bevy of celestial nymphs
distinguished asura leaped at her swiftly, bringing his fist (apsaras) danced. Likewise the winds blew favourably and the
down on her heart. sun became resplendent.
Then the Goddess hit him on the chest. Wounded by the blow Chapter 11
of her palm, the king of asuras fell on the ground. Rising up
When the great lord of asuras was slain there by the Goddess,
again without delay, the king of asuras, leapt up towards the
Indra and other gods headed by Agni, lauded Goddess
sky, seizing the Goddess. There too Chandika fought with him
Katyayani, illuminating the quarters with their moon-like
without any support. Then much to the wonder of the siddhas
faces, cheerfully as their wishes had been fulfilled.
and the sages Shumbha and Chandika fought as never before,
wrestling with each other in the sky. The Goddess said O host of gods, I shall grant a boon. Choose
whatever boon you desire in your mind. I shall grant it for the
After wrestling with him for a while, the Mother Goddess
welfare of the world.
Ambika lifted him up, whirled him around and flung him
down to the earth. Thus thrown to the ground, the wicked The gods said O Sovereign of all, in this very manner, you
asura rose swiftly on reaching the ground, and rushed forward should accomplish the destruction of our foes and also the
raising his fist, intending to kill Chandika. Seeing the lord of pacification of all the afflictions of three worlds.
all the asura-folks approaching, the Goddess chucked him
down to the earth piercing him on the chest with a spear. The Devi said In the time of Vaivasvata Manu, when the
Pierced by the pointed spear of the Goddess, he fell lifeless on twenty-eighth yuga has arrived two other great asuras,
the ground, shaking the entire earth with its oceans, islands Sumbha and Nisumbha will be born. Then born from the
and mountains. womb of Yasoda, in the home of cowherd Nanda, taking
abode in the Vindhya mountains, I shall destroy them both.
When that wicked one was slain, everything became clear and Again, I shall incarnate on earth in a very terrible form and
propitious, the universe regained its original state of perfect shall slay the descendants of asura Vipracitti. When I devour
peace, and the sky became clear. Flaming portent-clouds that those fierce asuras, the descendants of Vipracitti, my teeth
were in evidence earlier, vanished and the rivers kept within shall become red like the flower of pomegranate. Therefore,
their courses after Shumbhas collapse. As he had been slain,
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when lauding me, the gods and the mortals shall always speak the destruction of Madhu and Kaitabha, the killing of
of me as Raktadantika, the red-toothed. Mahishasura and likewise the slaughter of Shumbha and
Nishumbha, whoever listens devotedly with a focused mind,
And again when there is no water for a period of hundred
to my glories sung in this Mahatmyam, on the eighth, the
years on account of failure of rains, propitiated by the sages, I
fourteenth and on the ninth days of the fortnight, to them
will be self-manifest on the drought-ridden earth, but not
nothing bad shall happen, nor calamities that arise from
womb begotten. Then I shall behold the sages with a hundred
wrong doings nor poverty nor separation from beloved ones.
eyes and so mankind will glorify me as the hundred-eyed. O
Neither fear from enemies, robbers, kings, nor from weapons,
gods, then till the rains set in, I shall maintain the whole
fire and floods. Hence this, my Mahatmyam, must be chanted
world with life -sustaining vegetables born out of my own
by those of concentrated minds and listened to constantly
body. I shall then be famed on the earth as Sakambhari. At
with devotion, for it is the supreme way to well-being.
that very period I shall slay the great asura named Durgama.
Thereby I shall have the celebrated name of Durgadevi. This Mahatmyam will quell all sufferings due to epidemics,
as also the three types of calamities1 . I will never forsake and
Again, assuming a terrible form on the mountain Himalaya, I
the place of my sanctuary where this poem is duly chanted
shall destroy the demons for the protection of the sages. Then
every day, there I shall certainly be. When offerings are made,
all the sages, shall praise me with their bodies bent in
during worship, in fire-rituals and on great festivals, this
reverence. Then I shall have the celebrated name of
Mahatmyam should be entirely chanted and heard. I shall
Bhimadevi. When the asura named Aruna works great havoc
fondly accept the sacrifice, the worship and the fire-ritual thus
in the three worlds, I shall take the form of a cluster of
done, whether they are done with appropriate knowledge or
innumerable bees and shall slay the great asura for the good
not.
of the world. Then people shall laud me everywhere as
Bhramari. Thus whenever trouble arises due to the advent of During the time of the Great worship in autumn2 as well as
the danavas, I shall incarnate for the for the accomplishment the beginning of the New Year3 , those who hear this
of the destruction of the foes. Mahatmyam of mine with devotion shall be surely delivered
from all troubles and be blessed with riches, grains and
Chapter 12
children. Listening to this Mahatmyam, to the
The Devi said, With a concentrated mind, whoever shall pray 1Adhyatmika, Adhibhautika and Adhi-daivika are the three
to me constantly with these hymns, I shall without doubt put
types of Calamities
an end to all his troubles. Whoever extols my deeds relating to
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2 Sarad Navaratri Maha Pooja done for nine nights beginning Hearing the story destroys sins, and grants freedom from
from autumnal equinox popular as the Devi Navaratris illness. The recital of my manifestations affords protection
during Dushera from evil spirits. If my exploits of exterminating the wicked
demons in battles are heard, people will have no fear from
3 The Hindu New Year is at the time of spring equinox when
enemies. Let the hymns recited by you, and those by the
the vasanta navaratris are celebrated starting from New Year
divine sages, and those by Brahma bestow an auspicious in
day (Ugadi) on Chaitra Shukla Pratipada and culminating on
thought. Lost in a desolate area in a forest, or surrounded by a
Sri Rama Navami auspicious manifestations of mine, and my
forest fire, or encircled by robbers, or captured by enemies in
feats of prowess in battles, one becomes fearless. Enemies
a desolate spot, or pursued by a lion, tiger, or wild elephants
perish, welfare accrues and families rejoice for those who
in a forest, or sentenced to death by the orders of a wrathful
listen to this Mahatmyam of mine. My Mahatmyam should be
king, or imprisoned, or caught in a boat tossed by winds on
listened to everywhere, at a propitiatory ceremony, on seeing
the high seas, or facing a volley of arrows in the most terrible
a bad dream, and for planetary afflictions. Thereby troubles
battle, or amidst all kinds of dreadful troubles, or afflicted
subside, as also the terrible afflictions of planets. The bad
with pain, -remembering this story of mine, saves one from
dream turns into a good one.
the predicament. By my power, animals like lions, robbers
It will result in the pacification of children under the grasp of and enemies, flee from a distance from one who remembers
bala grahas. It is the best promoter of friendship amongst this story of mine.
men when there is a break in relationships. It destroys most
The Sage (Medhas) said Having thus spoken, the great
effectively the strength all evil-doers. Verily demons, ghosts
Chandika, of fierce prowess, vanished on that very spot even
and ogres are destroyed by its mere chanting. This
as the gods were gazing at her. Their enemies having been
Mahatmyam of mine chanted in its entirety makes a devotee
destroyed, the gods, relieved of uncertainty in their minds,
very close to me. By means of finest flowers, arghya and
began to enjoy their shares in yagnas and weild their
incenses, and by perfumes and lamps, by feeding Brahmanas,
authorities as before. With Shumbha and Nishumbha of great
by oblations, by sprinkling consecrated water, and by various
prowess slain by the Goddess, the remaining demons were off
other offerings and gifts, if one worships day and night for a
to the netherworlds. Thus O King, the Goddess, although
full year, the satisfaction that I get, the same is attained by
eternal, manifesting again and again, carries out the
reciting or listening but once to this Mahatmyam of mine.
protection of the world. By her this universe is deluded, and it
is she who gives birth to this universe. When entreated, she
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bestows supreme knowledge, and when propitiated, she illustrious Rishi of sever penances and immediately repaired
confers prosperity. This entire cosmos is pervaded by the to perform austerities. The merchant too went with the king.
great Goddess in the form of Mahakali and Mahamari. They repaired to the sandy banks of a river in order to obtain
a vision of the Mother. The king and the merchant practised
At one time She is Mahamari, the destroyer and at another
penances, chanting the supreme Devi-sukta.
time She, the unborn, becomes this creation. She herself, the
eternal Being, sustains the beings at other times. In times of Having made an earthen image of the Goddess on the sands of
prosperity, She is verily Lakshmi, who bestows prosperity in the river, they both worshipped her in the image with flowers,
the homes of men and in times of misfortune, she herself incense, fire-rituals and ritual offerings of water. Abstaining
becomes the goddess of misfortune, and brings about ruin. from partaking food, with only one thought, their minds fixed
When lauded and worshipped with flowers, perfumes and on her, with concentration, they both offered sacrifices
incense, she bestows wealth, offspring and an auspicious sprinkled with blood drawn from their own bodies. When
mind bent on Dharma. they, propitiated her thus for three years, exercising self-
control, Chandika, the upholder and sustainer of the world,
Chapter 13
became pleased, appeared before them and spoke to them. O
The Sage Medhas said O King, this sublime glory of the King, whatever you prayed for, and O delight of your family
Goddess has been narrated to you. Such is the glory of the (referring to the merchant), whatever you too prayed for,
Goddess by whom this world is upheld and sustained. receive all that from me. Well-pleased, I bestow those boons
Likewise She, Vishnu-Maya, the illusive power of Lord to you both.
Vishnu, confers knowledge. By her, you, this merchant and
Then the King chose a kingdom that would be imperishable
others of discerning intellect are deluded. Others have been
even in a future life, while in this life, he sought strength to
deluded in the past and many others will be deluded in the
destroy the strength of his enemies and thereby the
future. O great King, take refuge in her, the supreme Isvari.
restoration of his own kingdom. But the wise merchant,
She indeed when worshipped bestows on men enjoyment,
whose mind was full of dispassion for the world, chose the
heaven and liberation from transmigration.
knowledge, which releases one from the attachment of mine
Markandeya said to his disciple Bhaguri, Hearing the sage and I.
Medhas words, O great sage, King Suratha who had become
The Goddess said O King, in a few days you shall obtain back
despondent due to excessive attachment, the sense of mine,
your own kingdom after slaying your foes, and it will not be
and the dispossession of his kingdom, prostrated before the
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lost thereafter. After your death, you will attain another birth
through the Sun god, and shall be a Manu on earth by name
Savarni. O the best amongst merchants, I grant you the boon,
which you have desired of me. Supreme knowledge shall be
yours, for your self-fulfilment.
Markandeya said Having thus granted both of them the boon

that they desired, the Goddess vanished forthwith, as they
were extolling her with devotion. Thus, Suratha, the best of
warriors, having attained the boon from the Goddess, shall
obtain another birth through Surya and shall be the eighth
Manu named Savarni.
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S ECTION 6 while the Self is the rider. The Self is the rider, and the body
the chariot; the intellect is the charioteer, and the mind the
The inner metaphorical reins (Katha Upanishad 1. 3. 3). Man does the journey of life
significance of the Devi through the cycle of samsara with the chariot (ratha) of the
body. In this long cycle of innumerable births called samsara
Mahatmyam chakra, man goes through countless lives. The cycle of

samsara and its inevitable sufferings goes on as long as man
does not realize that it is the Self (Atman) that is the rider and
not the body or mind or pseudo-self. Unfortunately we
continue to suffer till we realize this. According to the world-
view of the Devi Mahatmyam , it is the Goddess who is the
Now let us examine the significance of the Devi Mahatmyam Supreme Self. Hence as the Supreme Self She is the rider.
or Saptashati from the level of inner psychic reality. The Devi Born a warrior (kshatriya) Suratha is endowed with a strong
Mahatmyam begins with Markandeya narrating how a physique, a good body. By virtue of his strength, he is capable
virtuous king named Suratha, dispossessed of his kingdom of protecting himself as well as others. Initially he has all the
meets the merchant Samadhi who too has been dispossessed material enjoyments that come naturally to a king. Yet he
of his wealth and cast out by his own wife and children. loses them later on in life as one would expect in an
Instead of finding tranquillity amid the peaceful and spiritual impermanent and temporal world. This loss coupled with his
surroundings of the sage Medhas hermitage, they are plagued continued attachment is the cause of his suffering. Till then all
by thoughts of loss, betrayal and attachment to the past. along he had not realized that the Goddess, the Supreme Self
Together they approach the wise sage Medhas, whose task it is is the rider. So in spite of everything he was not truly a
to awaken them to a higher spiritual awareness. The king, the Suratha or one with a good chariot.
merchant and the sage are archetypal characters that reside in Samadhi, on the other hand is a merchant (vaishya). The word
all of us to differing degrees, characters with whom we can samadhi indicates an integrated or concentrated or focussed
identify to varying degrees. mind, a mind that is absorbed in meditation (sam: together
The King, the Merchant and the Sage as allegories to the or integrated; a: towards; and dha: to hold). In other words
Body, Mind and Intellect Suratha is one who has a good the word samadhi denotes a focused or concentrated mind, a
chariot (su: good; ratha: chariot). The body is the chariot mind in meditation. As his name indicates, Samadhi, the
162
merchant is single-minded or one-pointed in his pursuits. discern. We fail to learn from our past. Instead we simply
Being a merchant initially his focus is on wealth. Because he brood over the past constantly reliving our miseries in the
has the natural ability to be focused, he attains his goal- present. The king and the merchant find themselves in the
material wealth. In the first half of their lives the king and the hermitage of a great sage in whose hermitage even wild beasts
merchant pursue their goals-power and riches-respectively have successfully tamed themselves of their ferocity. Yet the
and they attain their goals. Both the king and the merchant king and the merchant find it hard to awaken their abilities to
are good by nature. The king protects his subjects like his own discern or be dispassionate. Here again we share their plight.
children while the noble merchant shares his prosperity with Most of us go to a temple or an ashram or a spiritual retreat or
his whole family. But power and riches are not permanent in a great saint only to find that the mind is still under the
this ever-changing world. As is often the case both of them conditioning of the past. We worry about our losses and hurts.
lose their hard-earned and well deserved power and riches. It would be good if we could reflect rather than brood over our
Cheated by people whom they trusted, they realise the losses and hurts. This is our predicament.
limitations of worldly life. Apart from fate, their own relatives
Returning back to the merchant Samadhi, though he had the
cheat them. In fact the merchants wife and sons
natural inborn ability to engage his mind in meditation, in
misappropriate his wealth and cast him out. In spite of their
single minded pursuit, it did not bring him happiness. Instead
good characters and abilities they end up as losers. Having
the end result was unhappiness. Why? He concentrated on
experienced deceit, cunningness and heartbreak, both the
wealth alone. The object of his single-minded pursuit was only
king and the merchant are deeply disappointed but not
material wealth. You always get what you pursue with a
disillusioned. They still cling to those very things and the
focused mind, whatever you meditate on you attain that. The
people that have abandoned them. Even then their hearts
merchant focused on the riches of material existence. The
cling to their old associations. They are unable to detach their
external world is impermanent (anitya). Existential suffering
minds.
is an inevitable consequence of existence. Permanent
The king and the merchant are archetypal characters. We are happiness cannot come from an impermanent, phenomenal,
all a bit like the king and the merchant. We all share their material world. Lasting happiness is possible only through the
predicament. At some point of time we all experience eternal (nitya) or the spiritual. The only unchanging principle
suffering, hurt and loss. At times our close friends, relatives, in this ever changing world is the Supreme Self, the Divine
and family members fail us. In spite of our deep hurts we still Mother. She is the only object of meditation that can bring
cling on to our old ways and old associations. We fail to lasting happiness, both in the present and hereafter. Unless
163
the chariot (body), the reins (mind) and the intellect (buddhi), knowledge that will dissolve the bondage of worldly existence.
all serve the riders (Self) purpose, the chariot is useless. This is true Samadhi. All other forms of Samadhi are
incomplete, save Nirvikalpa Samadhi. This is the true
Thus Suratha (a good chariot) and Samadhi (a concentrated
significance of the three main characters with whom the Devi
or focused mind) cannot serve their true purpose, cannot find
Mahatmyam begins and ends. Now let us examine the actual
true happiness till they meet the sage Medhas (intellect or
myth of the Goddess and her martial exploits.
insight or knowledge), who can lead them to the Goddess, to
the Supreme Self. Medhas is another word for buddhi or As must be evident by now though the Devi mahatmyam is
intellect. As per the Kathopanishad (1. 3. 3) buddhi or seemingly a narrative of the battle between the Devi and the
medhas is the charioteer. Now this is a perfect combination. asuras, there is a deeper significance to these demons and the
An awakened intellect or awareness, a focussed mind capable battles. At one level it is also an allegory to the inner battle
of deep meditation, a strong and healthy body, together they between the divine and the demoniac forces within the human
can easily attain the best. Under the wise guidance of the sage psyche, between the positive and negative. The battlegrounds
Medhas, the king Suratha and the merchant Samadhi attain represent our own human consciousness, and its events
the best knowledge, knowledge of the Goddess, knowing symbolize our own experiences. The demons are symbolic of
whom they can the attain best. Medhas can now raise their the psychic forces within the shadow. The Divine Mother is
awareness from an ordinary, worldly awareness to a higher, our own true being, our inherent divinity and wholeness, our
spiritual awareness of the Goddess, the Supreme Self. And very Self. Her clashes with the demons symbolize the outward
this is what happens finally. Eventually at the end of the and inward struggles we face daily. The Devi, personified
narrative, the king and the merchant are fully inspired to seek simultaneously as the one supreme Goddess and also the
the Goddess. Reitiring to the bank of a river, they meditate many goddesses, confronts the demons of ahamkara or ego
and worship the Divine Mother devotedly. After three years (our mistaken notion of who we are or what we identify
she appears to them and offers each a boon. Suratha, who has ourselves with), of excessive tamas and rajas, that in turn give
unfinished business, asks for the return of his earthly birth to other demons of excessive craving, greed, anger and
kingdom, followed by an imperishable kingdom in the next pride, and of incessant citta vrttis. Thus the myth is an
life. The merchant Samadhi, on the other hand, has grown allegory to what is happening within our own consciousness,
wise and dispassionate. He has become free from worldly to the transformation of human consciousness. The threefold
attachment. His mind is now fixed only on Supreme transformation of consciousness is described in the three
knowledge, the Goddess. So he asks for the supreme sections or episodes of the Devi Mahatmyam.
164
First episode-The inner meaning of Madhu-Kaitabha myth manifestation, sustenance and dissolution that happen by the
sankalpa (will or resolve) of the Supreme Being, who in some
The first episode reveals the power of tamas, the power of
creation myths is equated with Lord Vishnu. Madhu-Kaitabha
delusion, how in our ordinary state of being, we are all
emerge from the mala (dirt or waste) from Vishnus ears. The
deluded. The first episode reveals the Primordial Mother Adi
ears are symbolic of sound or Sabda which is another name
Sakti or Moola Prakrti in her dark, deluding aspect (Tamas)
for Nada that marks the start of cosmogenesis.
that ensnares humankind through the psychological
afflictions of ignorance and attachment, through the influence The three gunas are part of the same cosmic process of
of tamas and rajas. It teaches us about the nature of reality at manifestation. Ever since creative manifestation starts the
the most basic primordial level. Maha Vishnu has to awaken three gunas are in a state of disequilibrium, wherein they
from the state of primal sleep in order overcome the original struggle towards ascendancy. The three gunas are part of the
demoniacal forces, Madhu (tamas) and Kaitabha (rajas). This same veiling power of Prakrti or Maha Maya. Together they
is possible only through Maha Mayas grace, only if She frees form the three strands that bind us to ignorance. However
Vishnu from the influence of Yoga Maya, the primordial over a period of time Sattva is like a burnt rope because by its
inactive state predominated by cosmic Tamas. very nature it brings knowledge. That is why initially the
ascendancy of Sattva is preferred over tamas and rajas. A
There are two ways to understand Madhu and Kaitabha. One
burnt rope or a rope that will sooner or later be burnt cannot
is suggested by the Mahabharatas version of the same myth
bind us for long. But till it is fully burnt even this rope can be
where it is stated that the asura Madhu is of tamas while
binding. On the other hand the ascendancy of tamas and rajas
Kaitabha is of rajas. The Harivamsha version too suggests a
are undesirable at all stages. As per classical Ayurvedic theory
similar interpretation by having the two asuras themselves
tamas and rajas are in fact manasika doshas that can act as
declare, By us is all this covered over with tamas and rajas.
psychological afflictions. They can potentially spoil (dosha:
Thus Madhu and Kaitabha are the two original demoniacal
that which can darken or spoil) the psyche by leading to many
forces of tamas and rajas. They try to overcome the creative
other psychological afflictions. That is why the Supreme Being
and sattvic force (Brahma). All the three gunas are born
(Lord Vishnu) has to save sattva (Brahma) by subduing tamas
simultaneously before the very beginning of a Kalpa. In fact
(Madhu) and rajas (Kaitabha). But this is possible only
the word kalpa is the same as in the other related word
through Maha Mayas grace, only if She frees Vishnu from the
sankalpa that is suggestive of will or resolve. A Kalpa
influence of Yoga Maya, the primordial inactive state
happens by the resolve or will of the Supreme Being. A Kalpa
predominated by cosmic Tamas.
is one of the many continuous cycles of creative
165
The other approach to understanding Madhu and Kaitabha is them. Understanding the true nature of this world is
etymological. Madhu denotes something sweet. Madhu is in important to be able to see the Supreme Being behind this
fact the actual word for honey while Kaitabha denotes an manifest world. Otherwise the world can be a source of much
insect. Thus Madhu and Kaitabha are honey and the honey misery and pain through its lure of honey and the inevitable
bee. This world and its fruits are an extension of the Divine pain of the sting. That is why the wise sage Medhas preferred
Mothers very own manifestation. In a way She is not separate to narrate the Madhu-Kaitabha myth to the king and the
from the world that is created by Her own Self. But if one merchant when they seek his counsel since their predicament
hankers after the fruits of the world without being able to see is surely related to the lure of the things of this world and the
Her behind this world or its fruits, sooner or later the inevitable pain that they have experienced from it.
inevitable result of this obsession with gathering honey is
Note: The esoteric interpretation is not an afterthought as
pain. Honey and the sting of the bee are inseparable. If you
some might think after seeing varying interpretations by
want honey you should dare the inevitable sting of the insect.
enthusiastic writers. The esoteric interpretation is inherent to
We are all busily engaged in collecting one more drop of
the myth as will be evident when one examines the myth
honey telling ourselves that this is the purpose of our lives.
through various approaches. In fact multiple approaches lead
The more honey we collect the more the stings on our swollen
us to the same interpretation. Etymological examination of
faces. But we endure the pain of the sting preparing ourselves
the words used, cross-scriptural references, oral teaching
for the next drop of honey.
from the Guru, various commentaries and finally the inner
It is our ignorance that keeps us busily engaged in this experiences that a practitioner goes through, all these provide
perpetual cycle of gathering more honey daring more stings. more authority to the esoteric interpretation. Interestingly all
This simple insight can be the start of the loosening of the grip these approaches are in harmony and point to a nearly precise
of the world over the Self. It is so simple yet immensely esoteric meaning of the Devi Mahatmyam. Some writers have
powerful, the power of Maha Maya. One needs discernment interpreted the demons and other allegories arbitrarily. But as
(viveka) and dispassion (vairagya) to see through this affirmed here the interpretation cannot be loose or arbitrary
beautiful play of Maha Maya. And that happens only through and has to harmonise all the five approaches delineated
Divine grace, or through great merit in many lives, or through above. It is not enough if an allegory makes spiritual or
the grace of a Sadguru. Suratha the king and Samadhi the psychological sense if it is not etymologically in line. Nirukta
merchant find a Sadguru in the sage Medhas who can lead too must agree. This is the approach used consistently in this
them to this insight by revealing the glory of Maha Maya to book. For instance let us examine the esoteric interpretation
166
of Madhu-Kaitabha. Honey is sweet. It is heavy. Any sweet in
less quantity is sattvic, but in excess it is tamasic and thereby
dangerous. Madhu is thus potentially tamasic. The insect
(Kaitabha) is famous for its busyness. Busy as a bee is a
common expression. Busyness is inherent to rajas. Thus
Kaitabha is rajas. As one can see the etymological
interpretation is in line with the cross-scriptural references
from the Mahabharata that clearly equate Madhu and
Kaitabha with tamas and rajas. Of course the psycho-spiritual
interpretation too fits very well with the creation myth of
Madhu-Kaitabha and Brahma.
Dr. Satya Prakash Choudary
167

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What is the Devī Māhātmyam scripture about?

What is the Devī Māhātmyam scripture about?

What are Madhu and Kaitabha allegorically representing?

What are Madhu and Kaitabha allegorically representing?

THE GLORY OF THE GODDESS

Special thanks and acknowledgement to Dr. Satya Prakash

Special thanks and acknowledgement to Ajit Krishnan,

Please read the pronunciation guide section first, to

The episodes revealed in Dev Mhtmyam have a deeper

Readers are encouraged to read the many available

The Divine Mother Parashakti is the Eternal Infinite

The Dev Mhtmyam, like the Vedas, is not originated by

In the final chapter, it is revealed that the king Suratha was

Matsya Purana prescribes recitation of Dev Mhtmyam

Only the 'nature' of Adya Herself (which is Nature itself) is

recitation methods 1. All 13 chapters continuously in one sitting

Day 1 Prathama charitra (chapter 1)

5. If there is no time to read all 13 chapters, at least the Madhyama

Tuesdays, Fridays and Saturdays are considered auspicious for

The 9 days of Sharad Navaratri and Vasanta Navaratri are extremely

recitation order 1. poddhra and utklana

9. gvedokta dev sktam

10. kujik stotram

11. kam prrthan

Kavacha, Argala and Keelakam

s apoddhara & utkilana o hr kl r kr kr caik devyai pan.nugraha kuru

o r kl hr saptaati caik utklana kuru kuru svh

PODDHRA & UTKLANA

o yadguhya parama loke sarva rak karam nm |

pacama skandamteti saha ktyyanti ca |

navama siddhidtr ca navadurg prakrtith |

agnin dahyamnastu atrumadhye gato rae |

na te jyate kicidaubha raasakae |

yaistu bhakty smt nna te vddhi prajyate |

pretasasth tu cmu vrh mahisan |

veta rpadhar dev var va vhan | nsiky sugandh ca uttarohe ca carcik |

dyante rathamrh devya krodhasamkul | kmk cibuka raked vca me sarvamagal |

daityn dehanya bhaktnmabhayya ca | hastayor dain raked ambik cgulu ca |

namastestu mahraudre mahghoraparkrame | stanau raken mahdev mana okavinin |

dakievatu vrh nairtym khagadhri | kay bhagavat rakej jnun vindhyavsin |

udcym ptu kaumr ainy ladhri | gulphayor nrasih ca pdaphe tu taijas |

eva daa dio rakeccmu avavhan | nakhn darakarl ca keacaivordhvakein |

ajit vmaprve tu dakie cparjit | raktamajjvasmsn yasthi medsi prvat |

nirbhayo jyate martya sagrmevaparjita |

ida tu devy kavaca devnmapi durlabham |

daiv kal bhavettasya trailokyevaparjita |

jayant magal kl bhadrakl kaplin |

madhu kaiabha vidrvi vidht varade nama |

mahisura niri bhaktn sukade nama |

raktabjavadhe devi caamua vinini |

umbhasyaiva niumbhasya dhmrkasya ca mardini |

vanditghiyuge devi sarva saubhgya dyini |

acintya rpa carite sarva atru vinini |

siddha mantra to obtain bhakti and elimination of sins

natebhya sarvad bhakty caike duritpahe |

caike satata ye tvmarcayantha bhaktita | patn manoram dehi manovttnusrim |

vidhehi dviat na vidhehi balamuccakai | o

vidhehi devi kalya vidhehi param riya |