bdkbZ Ikkp

vkfFkZd {ks=k esa ljdkj

dh Hkwfedk
f'k{kdksa osQ fy,
bl bZdkbZ esa lkoZtfud lqfokk, eqgS;k djkus vkSj ckkkj] I+kSQDVjh rFkk yksxksa dh dk;ZfLFkfr;ksa ij ykxw gksus
okys dkuwuksa dks fozQ;kfUor djus esa ljdkj dh Hkwfedk ij ppkZ dh xbZ gSA bldk edln fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks
bl ckr dh le> nku djuk gS fd ljdkj dh ;g Hkwfedk ekSfyd vf/dkjksa osQ eqs ls fdl rjg tqM+h
gqbZ gSA ekSfyd vfkdkjksa osQ lkFk ;g tqM+ko gh fiNys v;k;ksa esa mBk, x, eqksa osQ lkFk bl eqs dks Hkh
tksM+ nsrk gSA d{kk 6 vkSj 7 dh ikB~;iqLrdksa esa vkthfodk vkSj ckkkjksa ij gqbZ ppkZ dks v;k; 10 osQ
lanHkZ esa bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gSA
v;k; 9 esa tulqfokkvksa ij ppkZ dh xbZ gSA ;gk ikuh dks ,d vge mnkgj.k osQ :i esa bLrseky
fd;k x;k gSA ;g egoiw.kZ ckr gS fd fo|kFkhZ bl ckr dks vPNh rjg le> ysa fd tulqfokkvksa dk D;k
eryc gksrk gS vkSj ;s lqfokk, eqg;S k djkus vkSj mudh fkEesnkjh mBkus esa ljdkj dks vge Hkwfedk fuHkkus
dh k:jr D;ksa gksrh gSA ikuh dh leku miyCkrk] mldh lLrh ykxr vkSj xq.kokk dk loky tulqfokkvksa
ls tqM+s eqksa esa dkI+kQh egoiw.kZ gSA d{kk osQ Hkhrj gksus okyh ppkZ esa tulqfokkvksa osQ fo"k; esa ljdkj dh
Hkwfedk rFkk ekSkwnk vleku forj.k] nksuksa dks ,d&nwljs ls vyx dj ysa rks csgrj gksxkA bldk eryc ;g
gS fd yksxksa dks vxj vyx&vyx ek=kk esa ikuh fey jgk gS rks blosQ vkkkj ij ;g eku ysuk Bhd ugha
gksxk fd ljdkj tulqfokk, eqgS;k djkus esa l{ke ugha gSA
v;k; 10 esa vkfFkZd xfrfofk;ksa osQ fu;eu esa ljdkj dh osaQnzh; Hkwfedk ij ppkZ dh xbZ gSA ,slk
eksVs rkSj ij dkuwuksa osQ kfj, fd;k x;k gSA bl v;k; esa ekSkwnk dkuwuksa dks ykxw djus vkSj ckkkj esa eknwjksa]
miHkksDrkvksa o mRikndksa osQ vfkdkjksa dh j{kk osQ fy, u, dkuwu cukus osQ ego ij [kkl kksj fn;k x;k
gSA Hkksiky xSl =kklnh dks dkuwuksa esa ykijokgh dh felky osQ rkSj ij is'k fd;k x;k gSA laHko gS cgqr lkjs
fo|kfFkZ;ksa us bl nq?kZVuk osQ ckjs esa u i<+k gksA csgrj gksxk fd mUgsa bl ?kVuk osQ ckjs esa vuqlakku djus
vkSj LowQy osQ fy, ,d nhokj if=kdk (okWy&isij) ;k y?kq&ukfVdk rS;kj djus esa enn nh tk,A iqLrd osQ
vkf[kj esa ftu osclkbV~l dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS] ogk ls vki vfrfjDr lanHkZ lkexzh tqVk ldrs gSaA
Hkksiky xSl =kklnh ,d ,sfrgkfld eksM+ Fkh ftlus ^i;kZoj.k* osQ eqksa dks vkfFkZd dkuwuksa ls xgjs rkSj ij tksM+
fn;kA eknwjksa o vke ukxfjdksa osQ fr m|ksx txr rFkk ljdkj dh tokcnsgh dk fopkj bl v;k; dk
osaQnzh; ro gSA
 tulqfokk,
v;k; 9

vUukuxj
jkexksiky

vew vkSj oqQekj psUubZ esa

,d cl ls lI+kQj dj jgs
gSaA 'kgj osQ vyx&vyx
bykdksa ls xqtjrs gq, os
ty lqfokkvksa dks ns[krs tk lSnkisV
jgs gSa---
in~ek
 tulqfokk,
eMhikDde

f'kok

eSykiqj
lqcez .;u
 psUubZ osQ yksx vkSj ikuh
Jh jkexksiky tSls vkyk ljdkjh vI+kQlj psUubZ osQ vUuk uxj esa jgrs
gSaA Hkjiwj ikuh osQ fNM+dko osQ dkj.k gjs&Hkjs ckx&cxhpksa okyk ;g
bykdk [kklk vkd"kZd gSA ;gk osQ uyksa esa 24 ?kaVs ikuh jgrk gSA tc
ikuh dh vkiwfrZ de gksrh gS rks Jh jkexksiky uxj ty fuxe esa
ifjfpr ,d cM+s vI+kQlj ls ckr djrs gSa vkSj I+kQkSju muosQ fy, ikuh
osQ VSadj dk barkke gks tkrk gSA
'kgj osQ ;knkrj bykdksa dh rjg eSykiqj esa lqcze.;u osQ vikVZesaV
esa Hkh ikuh dh deh gSA ;gk uxjikfydk nks fnu esa ,d ckj ikuh
miyC/ djkrh gSA oqQN yksxksa dh k:jrsa futh cksjosy ls iwjh gks
tkrh gSaA ysfdu cksjosy dk ikuh [kkjk gSA yksx mls 'kkSpky; vkSj
1- vkius mQij mfYyf[kr pkj fLFkfr;ksa lkI+kQ&lI+kQkbZ osQ fy, gh bLrseky djrs gSaA nwljs dkeksa osQ fy, VSadjksa
dks ns[kk gSA vc crkb, fd psUubZ esa
ikuh dh fLFkfr oSQlh gSA dk ikuh [kjhnuk iM+rk gSA lqcze.;u VSadjksa ls ikuh [kjhnus osQ fy,
gj eghus 500&600 #i, [kpZ djrs gSaA ihus osQ ikuh dks lkI+kQ djus
2- mijksDr o.kZu esa ls ?kjsyw bLrseky
osQ fofHkUu ty lzksrksa dks pqusaA osQ fy, yksxksa us ?kjksa esa gh ty'kksku midj.k yxok, gq, gSaA
3- vkidh jk; esa lqcze.;u vkSj in~ek eMhikDde osQ ,d edku esa f'kok igyh eafty esa fdjk, ij jgrk
osQ vuqHkoksa esa D;k lekurk gS vkSj D;k
vyx gSA gSA mls pkj fnu esa ,d ckj ikuh feyrk gSA ikuh dh deh osQ dkj.k
og vius ifjokj dks psUubZ ugha yk ik jgk gSA ihus osQ fy, f'kok
4- vius bykosQ esa tykiwfrZ dh fLFkfr
dk o.kZu djrs gq, ,d vuqPNsn fy[ksaA ckkkj ls ikuh dh cksrysa [kjhnrk gSA
5- ns'k osQ ;knkrj LFkkuksa ij xfeZ;ksa esa in~ek ?kjsyw ukSdjkuh gSA og lSnkisV esa dke djrh gS vkSj ikl gh
ikuh cwn&cwn D;ksa vkus yxrk gS\ irk
yxkb,A
,d >qXxh cLrh esa jgrh gSA mldh >qXxh dk fdjk;k 650 #i,
ekgokj gSA mldh >qXxh esa u rks 'kkSpky; gS vkSj u gh ikuh dk
d{kk esa ppkZ osQ fy,&
vU; lzksr gSA bl rjg dh 30 >qfXx;ksa osQ fy, dksus esa ,d gh uy
D;k psUubZ esa lHkh osQ fy, ikuh dk
gSA bl uy esa jksk 20 feuV osQ fy, ,d cksjosy ls ikuh vkrk gSA
ladV gS\ D;k vki crk ldrs gSa fd
vyx&vyx yksxksa dks vyx&vyx ek=kk bl nkSjku ,d ifjokj dks ;knk ls ;knk 3 ckfYV;k Hkjus dk ekSdk
esa ikuh D;ksa feyrk gS\ nks dkj.k crk,A feyrk gSA blh ikuh dks yksx ugkus] kksus vkSj ihus osQ fy, bLrseky
djrs gSaA xfeZ;ksa esa ikuh bruk de gks tkrk gS fd dbZ ifjokjksa dks
ikuh gh ugha fey ikrkA mUgsa VSadjksa dk ?kaVksa barkkj djuk iM+rk gSA

lkekftd ,oa jktuhfrd thou 108

thou osQ vfkdkj osQ :i esa ikuh
thou vkSj LokLF; osQ fy, ikuh vko';d gSA u osQoy ;g gekjh
nSfud k:jrksa dks iwjk djus osQ fy, vko';d gS] cfYd ihus dk
lkI+kQ ikuh cgqr lkjh ikuh ls gksus okyh chekfj;ksa dks Hkh jksd ldrk
gSA Hkkjr dh fLFkfr ;g gS fd ftu ns'kksa esa nLr] isfp'k] gStk tSlh
chekfj;ksa osQ lcls ;knk ekeys lkeus vkrs gS]a muesa mldk LFkku
dkI+kQh ij vkrk gSA ikuh ls lacfa kr chekfj;ksa osQ dkj.k gj jksk
1600 ls ;knk Hkkjrh; ekSr osQ eqg eas pys tkrs gSAa muesa ls ;knkrj
ikp lky ls Hkh de mez osQ cPps gksrs gSAa vxj yksxksa osQ ikl ihus
dk ikuh lgt :i ls miyC/ gks rks bu ekSrksa dks jksdk tk ldrk gSA
Hkkjrh; lafokku osQ vuqPNsn 21 osQ varxZr ikuh osQ vfkdkj dks
thou osQ vfkdkj dk fgLlk ekuk x;k gSA bldk eryc ;g gS fd
vehj&xjhc] gj O;fDr dk ;g vfkdkj gS fd mls lLrh dher ij
nSfud k:jrksa dks iwjk djus osQ fy, i;kZIr ek=kk esa ikuh feysA
dgus dk eryc ;g gS fd ikuh rd lkoZHkkSfed igqp gksuh
pkfg,A nwljs 'kCnksa esa lcdks ikuh feyuk pkfg,A
mPp U;k;ky;kas vkSj loksZPp U;k;ky; us dbZ eqdneksa esa ;g dgk
gS fd lqjf{kr is;ty dk vfkdkj Hkh ekSfyd vf/dkjksa esa ls ,d ---ty vfkdkj dk eryc gS
gSA oqQN fnu igys 2007 esa vkakz ns'k mPp U;k;ky; us ikuh esa fd R;sd O;fDr dks O;fDrxr
vkSj ?kjsyw bLrseky osQ fy,
xanxh osQ loky ij egcwc uxj ftys osQ ,d fdlku }kjk fy[ks x, i;kZIr] lqjf{kr] Lohdk;Z] HkkSfrd
i=k osQ vkkkj ij pyh lquokbZ esa bl ckr dks fiQj nksgjk;k gSA i=k :i ls igqp osQ Hkhrj vkSj lLrh
Hkstus okys fdlku dh f'kdk;r Fkh fd ,d diM+k cukus okyh nj ij ikuh feyuk pkfg,A
oaQiuh xko osQ ikl fLFkr tykkjk esa fo"kSys jlk;u NksM+ jgh gSA la;qDr jk"V 2002
mlls Hkwfexr ikuh nwf"kr gks x;k gS tks fd flapkbZ vkSj ihus osQ ikuh
dk ksr gSA bl eqdnes osQ vkkkj ij U;k;kkh'kksa us egcwc uxj osQ
fkyk dysDVj dks vkns'k fn;k fd og xko osQ R;sd O;fDr dks
gj jksk 25 yhVj ikuh miyCk djk,A

tulqfokk,
ikuh dh rjg oqQN vU; lqfokk, Hkh gSa ftudk gj O;fDr osQ fy,
barkke fd;k tkuk pkfg,A fiNys lky vkius LokLF; vkSj LoPNrk]
bu nks lqfokkvksa osQ ckjs esa i<+k FkkA blh rjg fctyh] lkoZtfud
ifjogu] fo|ky; vkSj dkWyt s Hkh vfuok;Z phksa gSAa bUgsa tulqfokk,
osQ uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
109 v;k; 9% tulqfokk,
 fdlh tulqfokk dh ,d egoiw.kZ fo'ks"krk ;g gksrh gS fd ,d ckj
fuekZ.k gks tkus osQ ckn mldk cgqr lkjs yksx bLrseky dj ldrs gSaA
elyu vxj xko esa ,d LowQy cuk fn;k tk, rks mlls cgqr lkjs
cPpksa dks f'k{kk feyrh gSA blh rjg fdlh bykosQ esa fctyh dh
vkiwfrZ cgqr lkjs yksxksa osQ fy, I+kQk;nsean gks ldrh gS % fdlku vius
[ksrksa dh flapkbZ osQ fy, iailsV pyk ldrs gSa] yksx fctyh ls pyus
okyh NksVh&eksVh ooZQ'kkWi [kksy ldrs gSa] fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks i<+us&fy[kus
esa vklkuh gks tkrh gS vkSj fdlh u fdlh rjhosQ ls xko osQ vf/dka'k
yksxksa dks I+kQk;nk gksrk gSA

ljdkj dh Hkwfedk
pwfd tulqfokk, bruh egoiw.kZ gSa] blfy, mUgsa eqgS;k djkus dh
fkEesnkjh Hkh fdlh u fdlh osQ mQij k:j vkuh pkfg,A th gk] ;g
fkEesnkjh ljdkj osQ mQij vkrh gSA ljdkj dh cgqr lkjh egoiw.kZ
Hkkjrh; lafo/ku 6 ls 14 o"kZ dh vk;q osQ
fkEesnkfj;ksa esa ls ,d ;g gS fd og lHkh yksxksa dks bl rjg dh
lHkh cPpksa dks f'k{kk osQ vf/dkj dh
xkjaVh nsrk gSA bl vf/dkj dk egoiw.kZ tulqfokk, eqgS;k djk,A vkb,] bl ckr dks le>sa fd ;g fkEesnkjh
igyw ;g gS fd lHkh cPpksa dks leku :i ljdkj (vkSj osQoy ljdkj) dks gh D;ksa mBkuh pkfg,A
ls LowQyh f'k{kk miyC/ gksA ysfdu f'k{kk
ij v;;u djus okys dk;Zdkkvksa ,oa ge ns[k pqoQs gSa fd futh oaQifu;k equkI+ksQ osQ fy, pyrh gSAa d{kk 7
'kks/kfFkZ;ksa osQ fu"d"kks ls ;g rF; lkeus dh iqLrd esa ^ckkkj esa ,d dehk* v;k; dks i<+ dj vki ;g
vk;k gS fd Hkkjr esa LowQyh f'k{kk esa ges'kk
ls dkI+kQh vlekurk jgh gSA
le> pqoQs gksxa As ;knkrj tulqfokkvksa esa equkI+ksQ dh xqt
a kb'k ugha gksrhA
mnkgj.k osQ fy, ukfy;ksa dks lkI+kQ j[kus ;k eysfj;k&jkskh vfHk;ku
pykus ls fdlh oaQiuh dks D;k equkI+kQk gks ldrk gS\ iQyLo:i dksbZ
futh oaQiuh bl rjg osQ dkeksa esa fnypLih ugha ysxhA
ysfdu LowQy vkSj vLirky tSlh oqQN tulqfokkvksa esa futh oaQifu;ksa
dks fnypLih gks ldrh gSA gekjs ikl bl vk'k; osQ cgqr lkjs
mnkgj.k gSaA vxj vki 'kgj esa jgrs gSa rks vkius dbZ txg futh
oaQifu;ksa dks VSadjksa ;k lhycan cksryksa osQ kfj, ikuh dh vkiwfrZ djrs
gq, Hkh ns[kk gksxkA ,slh fLFkfr;ksa esa futh oaQifu;k tulqfokk, rks
eqgS;k djkrh gSa] ysfdu mudh dher bruh ;knk gksrh gS fd pan
yksx gh mldk [kpZ mBk ikrs gSaA ;g lqfokk lLrh nj ij lHkh yksxksa
osQ fy, miyCk ugha gksrhA ftruk [kpZ djsaxs yksx mlosQ eqrkfcd
gh lqfo/k, ik,xs] ;fn ;g lkekU; fu;e cu tk, rks cM+h eqf'dy
gksxhA bldk urhkk ;g gksxk fd tks bu lqfo/kvksa osQ ,ot esa [kpZ
ugha dj ik,xs os lEekutud thou thus ls oafpr jg tk,xsA

lkekftd ,oa jktuhfrd thou 110

;g dksbZ vPNk fodYi ugha gSA tulqfokkvksa dk lacak yksxksa dh vew& ns[kk rqeus] lSnkisV dh lM+osQa fdruh
ewyHkwr lqfo/kvksa ls gksrk gSA fdlh Hkh vkkqfud lekt osQ fy, mQcM+&[kkcM+ Fkha\ lM+dksa ij ckh Hkh ugha
k:jh gS fd ogk bu lqfokkvksa dk barkke gks rkfd yksxksa dh FkhA irk ugha jkr esa ogk D;k gkyr gksrh gksxh!

ewyHkwr k:jrsa iwjh dh tk losQaA lafokku esa thou osQ vfkdkj dk

tks vk'oklu fn;k x;k gS og ns'k osQ lHkh yksxksa dks kIr gSA
blfy, tulqfokk, eqgS;k djkus dh fkEesnkjh ykfteh rkSj ij
ljdkj osQ mQij gh vkuh pkfg,A

ljdkj dks tulqfokkvksa osQ fy, iSlk dgk ls feyrk gS\

oqQekj& fdlh >qXxh cLrh esa rqe vkSj D;k
vki gj lky lqurs gksaxs fd ljdkj us laln esa ctV is'k fd;k gSA mEehn djksxh!
ctV osQ kfj, ljdkj vius uI+ksQ&uqdlku dk C;kSjk is'k djrh gSA
blesa ljdkj fiNys lky osQ [kpks dk [kkrk is'k djrh gS vkSj vew& >qXxh cfLr;k ,slh D;ksa gksrh gSa\ D;k
ogk tulqfokk, ugha gksuh pkfg,\
vxys lky osQ [kpks dh ;kstuk lkeus j[krh gSA
oqQekj& esjs [k;ky esa tulqfokk, mu
ctV esa ljdkj dks bl ckr dk Hkh ,syku djuk iM+rk gS fd yksxksa osQ fy, gksrh gSa tks cfLr;ksa esa
vxys lky dh ;kstukvksa osQ fy, iSls dh O;oLFkk dgk ls dh Bhd&Bkd ?kjksa esa jgrs gSaA ogh yksx gSa tks
tk,xhA turk ls feyus okyk dj ljdkj dh vkenuh dk eq[; dj pqdkrs gSaA
tfj;k gksrk gSA turk ls dj olwy djus vkSj mUgsa lkoZtfud vew& ljdkj dh fkEesnkjh gS fd og
dk;Zeksa ij [kpZ djus dk ljdkj dks iwjk vfkdkj gksrk gSA osQoy ^Bhd&Bkd* cfLr;ksa dks gh ugha]
mnkgj.k osQ fy, ikuh dh vkiwfrZ osQ fy, ljdkj dks ikuh cfYd lHkh dks tulqfokk, eqgS;k djk,A
fudkyus] ikuh dks nwj rd igqpkus] ikbiksa dk tky fcNkus] ikuh rqe ,sls D;ksa dg jgs gks\ D;k cLrh osQ
dks lkiQ djus vkSj vkf[kj esa xans ikuh dks fBdkus yxkus ij [kpZ yksx ns'k osQ ukxfjd ugha gSa\ muosQ Hkh rks
djuk iM+rk gSA ljdkj bu [kpks dks oqQN gn rd djksa osQ kfj, oqQN vf/dkj gSaA
vkSj oqQN gn rd ikuh dh dher olwy djosQ iwjk djrh gSA ikuh oqQekj (xqLls esa)& ij ,sls rks ljdkj
dh dher bl rjg r; dh tkrh gS fd ;knkrj yksx jkskkuk ,d fnokfy;k gks tk,xh!
fuf'pr ek=kk esa ikuh dk [kpZ mBk losQaA vew& pkgs tks gks] mls jkLrk rks fudkyuk
iM+sxkA D;k rqe dYiuk dj ldrs gks fd
lM+d] ikuh] fctyh osQ fcuk >qfXx;ksa esa
ftanxh oSQlh gksxh\
oqQekj& vjs---!
vew& gekjs lafokku esa cgqr lkjh
tulqfokkvksa dks thou osQ vfkdkj dk
fgLlk ekuk x;k gSA ljdkj dks bl ckr
dk ;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd bu vfkdkjksa
dh vogsyuk u gks rkfd gj O;fDr ,d
lEekutud thou th losQA

ljdkj iwjh vkcknh osQ fy, leqfpr LokLF; lqfokkvksa dh O;oLFkk djus esa vge Hkwfedk
vki fdldh jk; ls lger gSa\
fuHkkrh gSA iksfy;ks tSlh chekfj;ksa dk mUewyu Hkh blh rjg dh ;kstukvksa osQ rgr vkrk gSA
bl fp=k esa ,d NksVs cPps dks iksfy;ks dh [kqjkd nh tk jgh gSA

111 v;k; 9% tulqfokk,

 3
1- tulqfokk, D;k gksrh gSa\ tulqfokk, eqgS;k djkus dh fkEesnkjh ljdkj ij D;ksa gksuh pkfg,\
2- ljdkj oqQN tulqfokkvksa osQ fy, futh oaQifu;ksa dk Hkh lgkjk ys ldrh gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy, lM+osQa
cukus osQ BsosQ futh oaQifu;ksa ;k BsosQnkjksa dks Hkh fn, tkrs gSaA fnYyh esa fctyh osQ forj.k dk dke nks
futh oaQifu;ksa osQ gkFk esa gSA ysfdu ljdkj dks bu oaQifu;ksa ij dM+h ukj j[kuh pkfg, vkSj ;g
lqfuf'pr djuk pkfg, fd os bu lqfokkvksa dks lLrh dher ij lHkh yksxksa rd igqpkus osQ y{; dks
iwjk djus esas dksbZ dlj u NksM+saA
vkidks ,slk D;ksa yxrk gS fd tulqfokkvksa dh fkEesnkjh ljdkj osQ mQij gh gksuh pkfg,
tcfd og bu dkeksa dks futh oaQifu;ksa osQ kfj, Hkh djok ldrh gS\
3- vius ?kj osQ ikuh osQ fcy dks ns[ksa vkSj irk yxk, fd vkiosQ bykosQ esa uxjikfydk ty dh U;wure
dher D;k gSA vxj vki ;knk ikuh dk bLrseky djrs gSa rks D;k mldh nj Hkh c<+ tkrh gS\ ikuh osQ
;knk bLrseky ij c<+h gqbZ nj ls fcy olwy djus osQ ihNs ljdkj dk D;k ms'; gS\
4- fdlh osruHkksxh deZpkjh] viuk O;olk;@iQSDVjh pykus okys O;fDr vkSj ,d nqdkunkj ls ckr djosQ
irk yxk, fd yksx fdl&fdl rjg osQ dj ljdkj dks pqdkrs gSaA vius urhtksa dks d{kk esa f'k{kd dks
fn[kk, vkSj ppkZ djsaA

de nwjh osQ fy, clsa gh lkoZtfud ifjogu

dk lcls egoiw.kZ lkku gSAa ;knkrj
dkedkth yksx clksa ls gh viuh eafty rd
igqp rs gSAa rsk 'kgjhdj.k osQ dkj.k cM+s 'kgjksa
esa Hkh lkoZtfud cl .kkyh k:jr osQ
fglkc ls de lkfcr gksrh tk jgh gSA
bl deh dks iwjk djus osQ fy, fnYyh rFkk
vU; egkuxjksa esa ljdkj us eSVk s jsy ifj;kstuk
osQ :i esa ,d egokdka{kh ;kstuk 'kq: dh
gSA fnYyh esa eSVk s jsy osQ igys [kaM dk fuekZ.k
djus osQ fy, ljdkjh ctV ls 11] 000 djksM+
#i, dk [kpkZ fd;k x;k gSA oqQN yksxksa dk
dguk gS fd vxj ljdkj lkoZtfud cl
.kkyh esa lqkkj ij ;ku nsrh rks brus Hkkjh
[kpsZ dh k:jr u iM+rh vkSj yksxksa dh
k:jr Hkh iwjh gks tkrhA vkidks D;k yxrk
gS\ vkidh jk; esa ns'k osQ nwljs Hkkxksa osQ fy,
D;k gy <w< k+ tk ldrk gS\

lkekftd ,oa jktuhfrd thou 112

psUubZ esa ikuh dh vkiwfrZ % D;k lcdks ikuh fey
jgk gS\
blesa dksbZ 'kd ugha fd tulqfokk, lHkh dks eqgS;k gksuh pkfg,A
ysfdu gdhdr esa ,slk ugha gSA cgqr lkjs LFkkuksa ij ,slh lqfokkvksa
dk Hkkjh vHkko gSA bl v;k; osQ vxys fgLlksa esa vki ikuh dh
O;oLFkk osQ ckjs esa i<+saxsA ;g tulqfo/k cgqr ek;us j[krh gSA
tSlk fd bl v;k; dh 'kq#vkr esa geus ns[kk Fkk] psUubZ esa ikuh
dh Hkkjh deh gSA uxjikfydk dh vkiwfrZ ls 'kgj dh yxHkx vkkh
k:jr gh iwjh gks ikrh gSA oqQN bykdksa esa fu;fer :i ls ikuh vkrk
gSA oqQN bykdksa esa cgqr de ikuh vkrk gSA tgk ikuh dk HkaMkj.k
fd;k x;k gS mlosQ vklikl osQ bykdksa esa ;knk ikuh vkrk gS]
tcfd nwj dh cfLr;ksa dks de ikuh feyrk gSA
tykiwfrZ esa deh dk cks> ;knkrj xjhcksa ij iM+rk gSA tc e;e oxZ
osQ yksxksa osQ lkeus ikuh dh fdYyr iSnk gks tkrh gS rks bl oxZ osQ yksx
;knk vklkuh ls bldk gy <w< + ysrs gSAa os cksjosy [kksn dj] VSd
a jksa ls
ikuh [kjhn dj ;k cksrycan ikuh [kjhn dk viuk dke pyk ysrs gSAa xzkeh.k bykdksa esa euq";ksa vkSj eosf'k;ksa] nksuksa
osQ fy, ikuh dh k:jr iM+rh gSA ;gk
ikuh dh miyCkrk osQ vykok oqQN gh yksxksa dh ^lqjf{kr* is;ty oqQvk] gSaMiai] rkykc vkSj dHkh&dHkkj Nr
rd igqp gSA ;g bl ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd dksbZ O;fDr fdruk [kpZ ij fLFkr Vafd;ksa ls ikuh feyrk gSA buesa ls
dj ldrk gSA bl rjg laiUu rcosQ osQ ikl gh ;knk fodYi gksrs ;knkrj futh LokfeRo esa gSaA 'kgjh bykdksa
osQ eqdkcys xzkeh.k bykdksa esa lkoZtfud
gSaA os cksrycan ikuh vkSj ty'kkskd midj.kksa osQ lgkjs lkiQ ikuh tykiwfrZ dk vkSj Hkh ;knk vHkko gSA
dk barkke dj ldrs gSaA bl en esa [kpZ dj ldus osQ dkj.k mUgsa
lkI+kQ ikuh fey tkrk gSA ijarq xjhc bl lqfokk ls oafpr jg tkrs gSaA
fygkkk ,slk yxrk gS fd ftu yksxksa osQ ikl iSlk gS mUgha osQ ikl
ikuh dk vfkdkj gSA ;g fLFkfr ^i;kZIr vkSj LoPN is;ty miyC/
djkus* osQ y{; ls cgqr nwj gSA

fdlkuksa ls ikuh Nhuuk

ikuh dh deh us futh oaQifu;ksa osQ fy, equkI+ksQ osQ u, jkLrs [kksy fn, gSaA cgqr lkjh futh oaQifu;k 'kgj
osQ vklikl osQ bykdksa ls ikuh [kjhn dj 'kgjksa esa csprh gSaA psUubZ esa ekeanwj] ikyqj] dk#ufx>h tSls dLcksa
vkSj 'kgj osQ mkj esa fLFkr xkoksa ls ikuh yk;k tkrk gSA 13] 000 ls Hkh ;knk VSadj bl dke esa yxs gq, gSaA
gj eghus ikuh osQ O;kikjh fdlkuksa dks is'kxh jde nsrs gSa rkfd os fdlkuksa dh kehu ls ikuh fudky losQaA
bl rjg u osQoy [ksrh dk ikuh fNu tkrk gS] cfYd xkoksa osQ fy, ihus osQ ikuh dh vkiwfrZ Hkh de iM+us
yxrh gSA urhkk ;g gS fd bu lkjs dLcksa vkSj xkoksa esa Hkwfexr ty Lrj cgqr cqjh rjg fxj pqdk gSA

113 v;k; 9% tulqfokk,

 fodYiksa dh ryk'k
psUubZ dh fLFkfr dksbZ vuwBh ugha gSA xfeZ;ksa osQ eghuksa esa ikuh dh
deh dk ;g gky ns'k osQ nwljs 'kgjksa esa Hkh fn[kkbZ nsus yxrk gSA
uxjikfydk dh tykiwfrZ esa deh ls fuiVus osQ fy, futh oaQifu;k
;knk ls ;knk bykdksa esa I+kSQyrh tk jgh gSaA ;s oaQifu;k vius equkI+ksQ
osQ fy, ikuh csprh gSaA ikuh osQ bLrseky esa Hkh kcjnLr xSj&cjkcjh
fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA 'kgjh bykdksa esa fr O;fDr yxHkx 135 yhVj ikuh
frfnu feyuk pkfg,A ikuh dh ;g ek=kk yxHkx 7 ckYVh osQ cjkcj
gSA 'kgjh ty vk;ksx us ;g ek=kk r; dh gSA ysfdu >qXxh cfLr;ksa
esa yksxksa dks jkskkuk fr O;fDr 20 yhVj ikuh (,d ckYVh) Hkh ugha
feyrkA nwljh rjI+kQ vkyh'kku gksVyksa esa jgus okys yksxksa dks jkskkuk
fr O;fDr 1600 yhVj (80 ckYVh) rd ikuh feyrk gSA
uxjikfydk osQ kfj, tykiwfrZ esa deh dks vdlj ljdkj dh
ukdke;kch ekuk tkrk gSA oqQN yksxksa dh nyhy gS fd pwfd ljdkj
ppkZ djsa % vxj ljdkj tykiwfrZ dh
fkEesnkjh ls gkFk [khap ys rks D;k gksxk\ k:jr osQ fglkc ls ikuh eqgS;k ugha djok ik jgh gS vkSj cgqr lkjs
D;k vkidks yxrk gS fd ;g lgh dne 'kgjh ty foHkkx ?kkVs esa py jgs gSa] blfy, tykiwfrZ dk dke futh
gksxk\ oaQifu;kas dks lkSai fn;k tkuk pkfg,A mUgsa yxrk gS fd futh oaQifu;k
;knk csgrj dke dj ldrh gSaA
bl nyhy dh jks'kuh esa fuEufyf[kr rF;ksa ij fopkj dhft,&
1- nqfu;k Hkj esa tykiwfrZ dh fkEesnkjh ljdkj ij jgh gSA futh
tykiwfrZ O;oLFkk osQ mnkgj.k cgqr de gSaA
2- nqfu;k esa dbZ ,sls {ks=k gSa tgk lkoZHkkSfed tykiwfrZ lc yksxksa
rd igqp pqdh gS (uhps ckWDl ns[ksa)A

iksrksZ ,ysxzs esa lkoZtfud tykiwfrZ

iksrksZ ,ysxzs czkthy dk ,d 'kgj gSA bl 'kgj esa cgqr lkjs yksx xjhc gSa] ysfdu xkSj djus okyh ckr ;g gS fd
nqfu;k osQ nwljs ;knkrj 'kgjksa osQ eqdkcys ;gk f'k'kq e`R;q nj cgqr de gSA ;gk uxj ty foHkkx us lHkh yksxksa
dks LoPN is;ty eqgS;k djk fn;k gSA f'k'kq e`R;q nj esa fxjkoV osQ ihNs ;g lcls cM+k dkj.k gSA ;gk ikuh dh
vkSlr dher de j[kh xbZ gS vkSj xjhcksa ls osQoy vkkh dher yh tkrh gSA foHkkx dks tks Hkh I+kQk;nk gksrk gS
mldk bLrseky tykiwfrZ esa lqkkj osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gSA ty foHkkx dk dke ikjn'khZ <ax ls pyrk gSA
foHkkx dks dkSu lh ;kstuk gkFk esa ysuh pkfg,] bl ckjs esa yksx feydj r; djrs gSaA tulHkkvksa esa turk
izcakdksa dk i{k lqurh gS vkSj ty foHkkx dh kFkfedrk, r; djus esa oksV osQ kfj, I+kSQlyk djrh gSA

lkekftd ,oa jktuhfrd thou 114

3- tgk tykiwfrZ dh fkEesnkjh futh oaQifu;ksa dks lkSaih xbZ] ,sls
oqQN ekeyksa esa ikuh dh dher esa Hkkjh bkkI+kQk gqvkA bl dkj.k
ogk cgqr lkjs yksxksa osQ fy, ikuh dk [kpkZ mBkuk laHko ugha gks
ik;kA ,sls 'kgjksa esa yksxksa osQ fo'kky n'kZu gq,A cksyhfo;k vkfn
ns'kksa esa rks naxs Hkh iQSy x, ftlosQ ncko esa ljdkj dks tykiwfrZ
O;oLFkk futh gkFkksa ls Nhu dj nksckjk vius gkFkksa esa ysuh iM+hA
4- Hkkjr esa ljdkjh ty foHkkxksa dh liQyrk osQ dbZ mnkgj.k jgs
gSaA ysfdu ;s mnkgj.k de gSa vkSj mudh liQyrk oqQN {ks=kksa esa
gh lhfer fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA eqacbZ dk tykiwfrZ foHkkx vius [kpks
dks iwjk djus osQ fy, ty 'kqYd osQ kfj, i;kZIr iSlk tqVk ysrk
gSA gky gh dh ,d fjiksVZ ls irk pyrk gS fd gSnjkckn esa ty mQij osQ Hkkx esa vk, eq[; fopkjksa ij
foHkkx osQ nk;js esa bkkI+kQk gqvk gS vkSj mldh vkenuh c<+h gSA ppkZ djsaA tykiwfrZ esa lqkkj osQ fy,
vkidh jk; esa D;k fd;k tk ldrk gS\
psUubZ esa ty foHkkx us o"kkZ ty lap; osQ fy, dbZ ;kstuk,
'kq: dh gSa rkfd Hkwfexr tyLrj esa lqkkj yk;k tk losQA ogk D;k vkidks ,slk yxrk gS fd ikuh vkSj
fctyh tSls lalkkuksa dks cpkuk vkSj
ij ikuh dh <qykbZ vkSj forj.k osQ fy, futh oaQifu;ksa dh Hkh lkoZtfud ifjogu lkkuksa dk ;knk
lsok, yh tk jgh gSa] ysfdu ikuh osQ VSadjksa dh nj ljdkjh bLrseky djuk csgrj gS\
tykiwfrZ foHkkx gh r; djrk gS vkSj ogh mUgsa dke djus dh
btktr nsrk gSA blfy, bu VSadjksa dks ^vuqcafkr* dgk tkrk gSA

eqacbZ dh miuxjh; jsyos ,d vPNh lkoZtfud ifjogu .kkyh gSA ;g nqfu;k dk lcls ?kuk ;krk;kr ekxZ gSA ;g jsyos gj jksk 65
yk[k ;kf=k;ksa dks ,d txg ls nwljh txg ys tkrh gSA 300 fdyksehVj ls Hkh ;knk yacs usVooZQ ij pyus okyh bu LFkkuh; Vsuksa osQ
kfj, nwj&nwj jgus okys yksx Hkh 'kgj esa dke <w<+us vkrs gSaA bl ckr ij xkSj djsa fd 'kgjksa esa jgu&lgu dh Hkkjh ykxr osQ dkj.k
lkkkj.k esgurd'k yksx 'kgj esa ugha jg ldrsA

115 v;k; 9% tulqfokk,

LoPNrk laca/h lqfokkvksa dk foLrkj

^gekjs fy, ik[kkus@'kkSpky;!* mUgksaus gSjkuh ls dgkA

^ge rks ckgj [kqys esa tkdj viuk dke fuiVk ysrs gSaA*
^ySVhu rks rqEgkjs tSls cM+s yksxksa osQ fy, gksrh gSA*
^vNwrksa* dh f'kdk;rksa dks ;kn djrs gq, egkRek xkakh dk oDrO;]
jktdksV LoPNrk lfefr] 1896-
ihus osQ lkiQ ikuh osQ vykok ;g Hkh k:jh gS fd ikuh ls iQSyus okyh chekfj;ksa dks jksdus osQ fy,
LoPNrk dk ;ku j[kk tk,A ysfdu Hkkjr esa LoPNrk lqfokkvksa dk nk;jk rks tykiwfrZ ls Hkh NksVk gSA
2001 osQ ljdkjh vkdM+ksa ls irk pyrk gS fd Hkkjr osQ 68 fr'kr ifjokjksa osQ ikl is;ty dh lqfokk
miyCk gS] tcfd LoPNrk lqfokk, (?kj osQ Hkhrj 'kkSpky;) 36 fr'kr ifjokjksa esa gh miyCk gSaA ;gk
Hkh xzkeh.k vkSj 'kgjh bykdksa osQ xjhcksa dh fLFkfr ;knk dekksj fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA
xSj&ljdkjh laxBu ^lqyHk baVjus'kuy* fiNys rhu n'kd ls fuEu&tkfr] fuEu&vk; oxZ yksxksa osQ lkeus
ekStwn LoPNrk osQ vHkko dh leL;k ls fuiVus osQ fy, dksf'k'k dj jgk gSA bl laxBu us 75]000 ls
;knk lkoZtfud 'kkSpky; bdkb;k vkSj 12]00]000 ls ;knk futh 'kkSpky; cuk, gSa ftlls ,d djksM+
yksx bu lqfokkvksa dk ykHk mBk jgs gSaA lqyHk dh lqfokkvksa dk bLrseky djus okys ;knkrj xjhc
esgurd'k oxZ osQ yksx gksrs gSaA
lqyHk us ljdkjh iSls ls 'kkSpky; bdkb;k cukus osQ fy, uxjikfydkvksa ;k vU; LFkkuh; fudk;ksa osQ
lkFk vuqcak Hkh fd, gSaA LFkkuh; foHkkx bu lsokvksa dh LFkkiuk osQ fy, kehu vkSj iSlk eqgS;k djkrs gSa
tcfd j[k&j[kko dh ykxr dbZ ckj ;ksDrkvksa ls feyus okys iSls ls iwjh dh tkrh gS ('kgjksa esa
'kkSpky;ksa osQ bLrseky ij ,d #i;k 'kqYd fy;k tkrk gS)A
vxyh ckj tc vki lqyHk 'kkSpky; dks ns[ksaxs rks gks ldrk gS [kqn ;g tkuuk pkgsa fd ;s 'kkSpky;
oSQls gksrs gSa!

D;k vkidks yxrk gS fd leqfpr

LoPNrk lqfokkvksa osQ vHkko ls yksxksa
dk thou Hkkfor gksrk gS\ oSQls\
vkidks ,slk D;ksa yxrk gS fd blls
vkSjrksa vkSj yM+fd;ksa ij ;knk xgjk
vlj iM+xs k\

lkekftd ,oa jktuhfrd thou 116

2001 dh tux.kuk osQ vuqlkj 44 fr'kr xzkeh.k ?kjksa esa fctyh igqp
pqdh gSA
bldk eryc ;g gS fd yxHkx 7 djksM+ 80 yk[k ifjokj vHkh Hkh vksjs esa gSAa
fu"d"kZ
tulqfokkvksa dk laca k gekjh cqfu;knh k:jrksa ls gksrk gSA Hkkjrh;
lafokku esa ikuh] LokLF;] f'k{kk vkfn vfkdkjksa dks thou osQ vfkdkj
dk fgLlk ekuk x;k gSA bl dkj ljdkj dh ,d vge fkEesnkjh ;g
curh gS fd og R;sd O;fDr dks i;kZIr tulqfokk, eqg;S k djok,A
ysfdu bl ekspsZ ij larks"ktud xfr ugha gqbZ gSA vkiwfrZ esa deh gS
vkSj forj.k esa Hkkjh vlekurk fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA egkuxjksa vkSj cM+s
'kgjksa osQ eqdkcys dLcksa vkSj xkoksa esa rks bu lqfokkvksa dh fLFkfr
vkSj Hkh [kjkc gSA laiUu cfLr;ksa osQ eqdkcys xjhc cfLr;ksa esa lsokvksa
dh fLFkfr dekksj gSA bu lqfokkvksa dks futh oaQifu;ksa osQ gkFkksa esa
lkSai nsus ls leL;k gy gksus okyh ugha gSA fdlh Hkh lekkku esa bl
egoiw.kZ rF; dks ukjvankk ugha fd;k tk ldrk fd ns'k osQ
R;sd ukxfjd dks bu lqfokkvksa dks ikus dk vfkdkj gS vkSj mls
;s lqfokk, lerkijd <ax ls feyuh pkfg,A

117 v;k; 9% tulqfokk,

 vH;kl
1- vkidks ,slk D;ksa yxrk gS fd nqfu;k esa futh tykiwfrZ osQ mnkgj.k de gSa\
2- D;k vkidks yxrk gS fd psUubZ esa lcdks ikuh dh lqfo/k miyCk gS vkSj os ikuh dk [kpZ mBk ldrs gS\a ppkZ djsAa
3- fdlkuksa }kjk psUubZ osQ ty O;kikfj;ksa dks ikuh cspus ls LFkkuh; yksxksa ij D;k vlj iM+ jgk gS\ D;k vkidks
yxrk gS fd LFkkuh; yksx Hkwfexr ikuh osQ bl nksgu dk fojksk dj ldrs gSa\ D;k ljdkj bl ckjs esa oqQN dj
ldrh gS\
4- ,slk D;ksa gS fd ;knkrj futh vLirky vkSj futh LowQy dLcksa ;k xzkeh.k bykdksa dh ctk; cM+s 'kgjksa esa gh gSa\
5- D;k vkidks yxrk gS fd gekjs ns'k esa tulqfokkvksa dk forj.k i;kZIr vkSj fu"i{k gS\ viuh ckr osQ leFkZu esa ,d
mnkgj.k nsaA
6- vius bykosQ dh ikuh] fctyh vkfn oqQN tulqfokkvksa dks ns[ksaA D;k muesa lqkkj dh dksbZ xqatkb'k gS\ vkidh jk;
esa D;k fd;k tkuk pkfg,\ bl rkfydk dks HkjsaA

D;k ;g miyCk gS\ mlesa oSQls lqkkj yk;k tk,\

ikuh

fctyh

lM+d

lkoZtfud ifjogu

7- D;k vkiosQ bykosQ osQ lHkh yksx mijksDr tulqfokkvksa dk leku :i ls bLrseky djrs gSa\ foLrkj ls crk,A

8- tux.kuk osQ lkFk&lkFk oqQN tulqfokkvksa osQ ckjs esa Hkh vkdM+s bdV~Bk fd, tkrs gSaA vius f'k{kd osQ lkFk ppkZ
djsa fd tux.kuk dk dke dc vkSj fdl rjg fd;k tkrk gSA

9- gekjs ns'k esa futh 'kS{kf.kd laLFkku LowQy] dkWyst] fo'ofo|ky;] rduhdh vkSj O;kolkf;d f'k{k.k laLFkku
cM+s iSekus ij [kqyrs tk jgs gSaA nwljh rjiQ ljdkjh f'k{kk laLFkkuksa dk ego de gksrk tk jgk gSA vkidh jk; esa
bldk D;k vlj gks ldrk gS\ ppkZ dhft,A

lkekftd ,oa jktuhfrd thou 118

 'kCn ladyu

LoPNrk& ekuo ey&ew=k dks lqjf{kr <ax ls u"V djus dh lqfokkA blosQ fy, 'kkSpky;ksa dk
fuekZ.k fd;k tkrk gS vkSj xans ikuh dh lI+kQkbZ osQ fy, ikbi yxk, tkrs gSaA lae.k ls
cpkus osQ fy, ,slk djuk k:jh gksrk gSA
oaQiuh& oaQiuh ,d rjg dh O;kolkf;d laLFkk gksrh gS ftldh LFkkiuk oqQN yksx ;k ljdkj
djrh gSA ftu oaQifu;ksa dk lapkyu vkSj LokfeRo futh lewgksa ;k O;fDr;ksa osQ gkFk esa
gksrk gS mUgsa futh oaQiuh dgk tkrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy, VkVk LVhy ,d futh oaQiuh gS]
tcfd bafM;u vkW;y ljdkj }kjk lapkfyr oaQiuh gSA
lkoZHkkSfed igqp& tc gj O;fDr dks dksbZ phk iwjh rjg gkfly gks tkrh gS vkSj og mldk
[kpZ mBk ldrk gS rks bls lkoZHkkSfed igqp dgk tkrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy, ?kj esa uy esa
ikuh vk jgk gks rks ifjokj dks ikuh rd igqp fey tkrh gS vkSj vxj mldh dher de
gks ;k og eqr miyCk gks rks gj dksbZ mldk bLrseky dj ldrk gSA
ewyHkwr lqfo/k,& Hkkstu] ikuh] vkokl] lkI+kQ&lI+kQkbZ] LokLF; vkSj f'k{kk tSlh cqfu;knh k:jrsa
tks faknk jgus osQ fy, k:jh gksrh gSaA

119 v;k; 9% tulqfokk,