PAPER ONE (1 hours) TEST#1

Each item in this test has four suggested answers, lettered (A), (B), (C), (D). Read each item
you are about to answer and decide which choice is best.

Synonyms Items 1-7

Directions: Each question below is followed by four options lettered A - D. Choose the
option that most nearly means the some as the underlined word in the sentence. Since
some of the options require that you distinguish between fine shades of meaning, be sure
to read the entire sentence carefully and consider all options before you make your choice.

1. The teacher admonished the students to study hard in preparation for the examination.
A. counseled
B. prepared
C. characterized
D. groomed

2. The size of the canine we found suggested that the animal had been a large carnivore.
A. mammal
B. nest
C. footprint
D. skeleton

3. At the acme of her success, the actress earned a salary of 40 million dollars a year.
A. peak
B. beginning
A. end
B. turn

4. The bounty of plantains this year drove the prices down; this is a clear example of supply
and demand.
A. copious abundance
B. growing
C. quality
D. interest

5. Despite the fact that the fans of the cricketer sang his accolades, the captain did not
select him for the entire season.
A. praises
B. statistics
C. commitments
D. limitations
6. Those who had advocated for the stadium in Vieux-fort to be named after the late
George Odlum were not disappointed.
A. opposed
B. urged
C. protested
D. agreed

7. The bane of the life of St. Paul, seemed to have stemmed from problems with his
eyesight; many times he prayed for relief.
A. disease
B. persecution
C. misery
D. liability

Sentence Correction ltems 8-l 4

Directions: ln each of the following sentences a part is underlined. The underlined part
may or may not be the most appropriate for expressing the idea. Below each sentence are
four ways of writing the underlined part, the first always repeating the original. lf you
think the original is correct, choose answer (A); if not, choose from among the other three.

8. A small leather wallet filled with bills was lost by the shopper.
A. was lost
B. were lost
C. had being lost
D. was being lost

9. While driving down the road, a small child suddenly jumped in front of the car.
A. While driving down the road
B. I, while driving down the road
C. While l was driving down the road
D. l was driving down the road while

10. Juliet likes reading, playing tennis, bicycling and to climb trees.
A. to climb trees
B. likes to climb trees
C. she likes to climb trees
D. climbing trees

11. Every car he ever was fixing has failed to work.

A. ever was fixing
B. ever fixed
C. had ever fixed
D. has ever fixed
12. Last year we read, Steinbeck's, THE PEARL, which we found boring.
A. we found boring
B. we found was boring
C. we find to be boring
D. we did find was boring

13. It makes more sense to have baked cakes rather than be buying five large cakes.
A. rather than be buying
B. rather than to buy
C. rather than to buying
D. rather than to be buying

14. He sold the car to John that had a faulty engine.

A. the car to John that had a faulty engine.
B. the car that had a faulty engine to John.
C. to John, that had a faulty engine, the car.
D. that to John had a faulty engine.

Construction Shift
Items 15-21

Directions: For each of the following questions, reconstruct the original sentence using the
underlined portion in the way you are instructed. Then select from the lettered options
A-D the word or phrase that you need to include in your reconstructed sentence. Your
reconstructed sentence must retain the meaning of the original as far as possible.

15. Her mother sent her to apologize to the teacher because she had been rude.
Begin with: As a result of
A. her rudeness to the teacher
B. her apologizing
C. her been rude
D. she having been rude

16. lf you study hard, success will attend your efforts.

Replace study with were to study
A. shall always
B. would
C. may
D. should
17. The headmaster looked into the class and observed the students doing their
assignment.

Replace and observed the students with and observed that the assignment
A. was done
B. had been done
C. was being done
D. being done

18. Jase told a lie, so his parents did not allow him to go to the game.

Begin with: His lie having been discovered

A. was not allowed
B. is not been allowed
C. will not allow
D. is not being allowed

19. Even though Ava is her best friend, Una says that she will have to report her because
she was wrong.

Begin with: Because Ava was wrong

A. in spite of her being her best friend
B. despite her friendship with her
C. despite that Tina likes her
D. despite they being friends

20. We will see a reduction in air pollution when we stop burning garbage.

Begin with: Only when

A. will we see
B. we will see
C. we will be seeing
D. will we be seeing

21. Because the rain wet him the night before, Joe carried an umbrella the following night.

Begin with: Seeing that he

A. was being wet
B. had gotten wet
C. had been wet
D. was wetting
Reading Comprehension Items 22-29

Directions: Read the following poem carefully. Then select the appropriate option in EACH
item on the basis of what is stated or implied.

What Conflict Takes Place on the Lawns?

Suburban Prophecy

On Saturday, the power-mowers' whine

Begins the morning. Over the neighborhood
Rises the keening, petulant voice begin
Green oily teeth to chatter and munch the cud.
5 Monsters, crawling the carpets of the world.
Still send from underground against your blades
The roofs of things battalions green and curled
And tender, that will match your blades with blades
Till the revolted throats shall strangle on
10 The tickle of their dead, till straws shall break
Crankshafts like camels, and the sun go down
On dinosaurs in swamps. A night attack
Follows, and by the time the Sabbath dawns
All armored beasts are eaten by their lawns. by Howard Nemerov

22. The poet uses words in the first stanza such as whine, voice, teeth, chatter and
munch to suggest that the powermowers are
A. alive
B. green
C. in need of repair
D. like cows

23. The imagery in the first stanza most appeals to the reader's sense of
A. sight
B. touch
C. hearing
D. smell

24. The phrase your blades in line 8 refers to

A. grass
B. roofs
C. gardeners
D. lawnmowers
25. The action of poem takes place in the time period of
A. an afternoon
B. a morning
C. twenty-four hours
D. one sunset, a few hours

26. The events and imagery of the second stanza create on atmosphere in which
A. suburbanites use their lawnmowers against each other
B. the people pushing the lawnmowers are completed exhausted
C. the smell of freshly cut gross lingers in the air
D. lawns and lawnmowers are constantly battling

27. Throughout the poem, Nemerov creates on interesting image of the lawnmowers by
comparing them to
A. other machines
B. people
C. animals
D. plants

28. The poet is ridiculing

A. suburbanites who keep perfect lawns
B. lawnmowers and other perfect machines
C. realtors who sell houses with lawns
D. neighbors who borrow from each other

29. One descriptive device Nemerov uses makes a comparison using the word like
(a simile) and uses repetition of a beginning consonant (alliteration). Which of the
following descriptions represents both of these techniques.

A. "crawling the carpets of the world"

B. "Green oily teeth to chatter and munch the cud"
C. "Crankshafts like camels"
D. all armored beasts are eaten by their lawns"
Reading Comprehension

V. S. NAIPAUL
Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul's prolific writing career spawned out of an
inauspicious birth in Chaguanas, Trinidad on August 17, 1932. Although his parents
descended from Hindu immigrants from Northern India, Naipauls inability to form
spiritual connections with his heritage, be it Trinidadian, Indian, or even British, dominates
his thought as it appears in his work. Like Jamaicas Kinkaid, Naipaul has turned to his own
life for material, writing of his exodus from Trinidad to England (where he took a BA at
Oxford) in such works as The Enigma of Arrival. Writing has really been his only career, and
the large number of successful novels under his name proves his time well-spent.

Critics laud Naipaul for the extraordinary vision that marks his writing. Perhaps due
to his status as rootless wanderer, as a man without a heritage to hold sway over him,
Naipaul consistently knocks down idealized views of the places he journeys to, be they
England, Trinidad, or Africa, in favor of a more complex, bitter, sometimes even
contradictory truth. Along the way he has endured harsh criticism from the Third World for
his often scathing portrayals of India or the Caribbean. Particularly in the case of the West
Indies, Naipaul's airing of dirty laundry seems motivated not out of vindictiveness but out
of an effort to work through the scarring memories he holds of his time there. Be it via the
humor of his earlier books or the dark cynical psychology of later efforts, V S. Naipaul has
time and again used his honest and penetrating vision, coupled with an extraordinary
command of the English language and its traditions, to paint portraits of the outcast
roaming through civilizations of the world.

GEORGE LAMMING
Perhaps the most famous writer to emerge from the island of Barbados, the now
grandfatherly George Lamming was born on June 8, 1927. Though he grew up on the
island, like so many West Indian writers he eventually left, emigrating to England in 1950.
There, after spending some time working in a factory and broadcasting for the BBC,
Lamming became
a leader in a Caribbean renaissance that took place in England, along with other exiles like
V S. Naipaul. Since then he has travelled much, returning often to the West Indies but also
serving as a visiting professor at the Universities of Texas and Pennsylvania.

In his writing career, which has encompassed several genres, Lamming gained
acclaim not simply for fiction but also for poetry and critical work. His fiction has taken up
the familiar Caribbean search for identity, as Lamming (in such works as In the Castle of My
Skin) uses details from his own autobiography to get at the root of the West Indian soul.
However, in these explorations of identity and the effects of history, Lamming comes to
writing not only of the West Indian psyche, but of humans in general. Despite critics'
accusations of using his novels as soapboxes from which he preaches his Marxist ideology,
Lamming's efforts to tie together collective history through the shared humanity of his
characters ensure that his novels remain skillfully crafted and multifaceted.
Reading Comprehension Items 30-41

Directions: These items are based on the two passages you have just read. Select the
appropriate option in EACH item on the basis of what is stated or implied.

30. Which of the following statements is true about V S. Naipaul?

A. He came from a wealthy Hindu family.
B. His parents come from Northern India.
C. His birth was very unusual.
D. He was ethnically an Indian.

31. Which of these words best describes the kind of person Naipaul was?
A. An outcast
B. A Hindu
C. A Trinidadian
D. A traveler

32. Much of Naipauls work is

A. autobiographical
B. not very successful.
C. non-fictional
D. similar to other Caribbean writers

33. Another word for laud in line 9 is

A. criticize
B. call
C. praise
D. like

34. Naipauls attitude towards the Caribbean is

A. a positive one
B. complex one
C. a balanced one
D. a negative one

35. Which of these words best describes Naipauls literary work?

A. lt is humorous.
B. lt is insightful
C. lt is cynical.
D. It is pessimistic.
36. Unlike Naipaul, Lamming
A. grew up in the West Indies.
B. was a famous writer.
C. emigrated to England.
D. had a number of different jobs.

37. In England, Lamming

A. become a political leader.
B. was the spokesperson for Caribbean writers.
C. helped to put Caribbean literature on the map.
D. worked alongside Naipaul

38. Lammings reputation as a writer is based on

A. the novels he wrote.
B. his poetry and critical work.
C. all the different: kinds of writing he produced.
D. his fashionable style.

39. What does the phrase 'The familiar Caribbean search for identity' mean?
A. Caribbean people are always asking what they are and where they came from
B. ln The Caribbean, people do not really know who they are.
C. Caribbean people have always been great travelers.
D. ln The Caribbean, people often feel lost.

40. The author considers that Lamming's novels

A. are used as soapboxes.
B. appeal primarily to West Indians.
C. are Marxist in ideology.
D. have a universal appeal.

41. Which of the following distinguishes Naipauls and Lamming's writings?

A. The search for identity.
B. An autobiographical slant.
C. A strange political ideology.
D. A critical stance.
 Reading Comprehension Items 42-47

Directions: Read The following speech carefully. Then select the appropriate option in
EACH item on the basis of what is stated or implied.

WHAT IS THE SPEAKERSS GOAL?

FRIENDS AND FELLOW CITIZENS: I stand before you tonight under indictment for the
alleged crime of having voted at the last presidential election, without having a lawful right
to vote. It shall be my work this evening to prove to you that thus voting, I have not only
not only committed no crime, but, instead, simply exercised my citizens right, guaranteed
5
to me and all United States citizens by The National Constitution, beyond the power of any
state to deny.

The preamble of The Federal Constitution says:

"We the people of The United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish
justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general
welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and
10 establish this Constitution for The United States of America."
0
It was we, the people: not we, the white male citizens; nor yet we, the male
citizens; but we, the whole people, who formed the Union. And we formed it, not to give
the blessings of liberty, but to secure them; not to the half of ourselves and the half of our
posterity, but to the whole peoplewomen as well as men. And it is downright mockery to
15 talk to women of their enjoyment of the blessings of liberty while they are denied the use
0 of the only means of securing them provided by this democraticrepublican
governmentthe ballot.

by Susan B. Anthony

42. The speaker emphasizes the term citizens rights (line 4) because she believes that
A. no citizens have rights in the United States
B. all men have the right to vote
C. as a woman, she should be allowed to vote
D. no one really cares about the meaning of citizenship

43. The speaker quotes from the preamble of the Constitution to illustrate
A. the principles on which voting rights should be based.
B. that men wrote the Constitution.
C. the contrast between the rights of men and women.
D. that voting is not mentioned in the document.
44. What the speaker believes to be "downright mockery is to
A. speak to women in public.
B. treat women as if they were really free.
C. place women on trial for crimes.
D. live by the principles set forth in the Constitution.

45. The speaker uses the term this democraticrepublican government to refer to
A. Americas two-party system.
B. a system in which the people govern.
C. a system that is lead by males
D. the liberty of men and lack of freedom for women

46. The theme of the passage is that

A. black men as well as white men should be allowed to vote
B. both men and women should be allowed to vote
C. the U.S. Constitution is out of date
D. only women should be allowed to vote

47. The speakers tone can best be described as

A. polite and reserved
B. confident and forceful
C. rude and abusive
D. radical and too emotional
READING COMPREHENSION Items 48-60

Directions: Read the following extract carefully. Then select the appropriate option in
EACH item on the basis of what is stated or implied.

MONEY, MONEY, MONEY I

Once upon a time there was no such thing as money, and the time may soon be coming
when once again money will cease to exist. Sounds like a fairy tale? Well, in large areas of
the world, including the Caribbean, money is becoming less and less important as means of
payment. This is not to say that things are being given away. Nor does it mean that we are
destined to return to the days when barter was the usual means of doing business, and
transactions involved the exchange of unwieldy items such as cows and sheep.
Money, by which I mean the coins and bank notes we carry in our purses and
wallets, is not essential to the business of buying and selling. Trade thrived long before
money existed it was just more complicated and cumbersome. Originally in the form of
metal coins, money was invented to represent a fixed value, following business to be
conducted more easily and with more confidence on both sides that a fair exchange was
being mode. At one time, a countrys currency the 'unit of value' that is legally acceptable
as a means of exchange in that country, represented an agreed weight of silver or gold.
Coins were actually made of those metals and were weighed by the seller to make sure
they were of the correct value. Later, when governments took control of 'minting' coins,
they were stamped with an official design to guarantee their value, and instead of being
weighed, could simply be counted.
Whilst exchanging coins was easier than exchanging cows and sheep, there were
still problems. It was common for the less-than-honest to cut small pieces from silver and
gold coins so that in reality they paid less than the agreed amount on a transaction. To this
day, many coins (even though they are no longer made of precious metals) have a 'milled'
edge, which was introduced to prevent this kind of tampering. At a much later date bank
notes were introduced. ln the western world these were originally issued by private
companies the newfangled banks but eventually only by a central authority (the
national bank). Bank notes were more difficult to tamper with, but open to even greater
abuse.
Rather than try and interfere with the note itself, the whole bank note was
reproduced illegally. At one stroke, the lucrative occupation of forgery was born. Over the
years a complicated duel developed between the forgers and the issuers of notes, and
increasingly clever means were devised to prevent counterfeiting. Unique note numbers,
special papers, special inks, watermarks, silver strips in the note itself - all these are still
used to prevent forgery. One of the more unlikely and probably far-fetched ideas was
proposed by an Austrian bank clerk in I840. He suggested that naked women be depicted
on bank notes, arguing that they would make such an impression on the users (mainly men
at that time) that they would notice any difference immediately.
Ironically, one of the currencies most subject to forgery, is the 'Almighty' Dollar',
which until very recently contained almost no anti-forgery devices. ln recent years forged
US notes have become so common that some believe they are a threat to the US economy.
A little late, the US has begun to introduce anti-counterfeiting devices, although all the
notes will remain the same size and color, something which is almost unheard of in any
other currency.

48. All the following reasons may have prompted the writer to ask 'Sounds like a fairy tale?'
except one. Which one?
A. Money does not exist in fairy tales.
B. The idea that a time will come when money will no longer exist.
C. He begins the article with 'Once upon o time'.
D. A long time ago money did not exist.

49. From paragraph1 we can infer that barter involves

A. transactions in which cows and sheep are used exclusively.
B. a business transaction to exchange unwieldy items.
C. a form of business which did not require payment for goods.
D. transactions in which items are traded for other items.

50. When the writer says that 'money. . . is not essential to the business of buying and
selling' (paragraph 2), he means that
A. one can buy goods without having to pay for them.
B. trading can be carried out without the use of money.
C. there are other kinds of money besides coins and bank notes.
D. since other metals replaced gold and silver, coins are not as valuable.

51. According to paragraph 2, all of the following resulted from the invention of
money except one. Which one is it?
A. Coins were made of silver and gold so merchants knew they were getting value for
their goods.
B. Because coins were assigned a fixed value people could no longer tamper with
them.
C. Coins were easily counterfeited and therefore led to increased fraud.
D. Fixed values were assigned to coins thus making transactions easier.

52. Which one of the following is NOT given in paragraph 2 as a direct benefit that was
derived from the minting of coins by government?
A. The actual value of the coin could be determined by its official markings.
B. The need to weigh coins was eliminated.
C. The fact that edges were milled reduced the incidence of tampering.
D. Coins could be counted more easily.
53. We can infer from paragraph 3 that bank notes were more difficult to tamper with
than coins, for one of the following reasons. Which one?
A. Coins were made exclusively of gold and silver whereas bank notes were merely
made of paper.
B. One could break bits off coins thus changing their value, but the same could not be
done with notes.
C. Bank notes could not be torn because of the special markings on them.
D. Unlike coins, which had milled edges, bank notes had secret codes.

54. The occupation of a forger is described as lucrative because

A. there were no limitations to the amount of counterfeit money a forger could have.
B. the forger was paid handsomely by banks for the job of producing money.
C. forgery was much more successful in comparison with other occupations.
D. because it came on the scene suddenly and late, forgery was able to make better
progress than other occupations.

55. We can infer that the complicated duel referred to in paragraph 4 involved
A. the efforts of forgers to create notes that were more valuable than those that were
issued legally.
B. the efforts of legal issuers to outwit forgers by using special devices on legal notes
and the attempts of forgers to make forged notes look real.
C. efforts by issuers of legal notes to add special features to notes and forgers
attempts to steal those notes.
D. competition between legal issuers and forgers to print and circulate their notes first.

56. The writer describes the bank clerks suggestion as 'unlikely' to let us know that
A. bankers would not have been able to make sense of it.
B. it would have led men and women to hoard their bank notes and would therefore
be rejected.
C. it would probably not have been adopted as a suitable way of deterring
counterfeiting.
D. it would have encouraged both sexes to save much more money.

57. The writer uses the word 'ironically' in paragraph 5 to indicate that
A. despite the fact that the powerful US dollar had been frequently forged, issuers had
not done much to include protective devices.
B. it was believed that a dollar as "Almighty as the US dollar could never be forged, yet
it had been counterfeited frequently.
C. the secret codes that were included in the US dollar made it resistant to forgery, yet
it had been counterfeited several times.
D. the lack of anti-forgery devices was a deceptively simple method of protecting the
dollar.
58. The writer considers that efforts by the US to use anti-forgery devices may have come
'a little late because
A. the production of forged notes would definitely cause irreparable damage to the US
economy.
B. damage may have already resulted from the frequent counterfeiting of the Almighty
Dollar'.
C. the lack of protective devices in the post allowed forgers to reproduce US notes
freely.
D. although the US began to introduce anti-forgery devices, they started too late and
the changes to the notes were too few to make a difference.

59. The MAlN point being mode by the writer in the last paragraph is that
A. the US dollar is untouchable because of its superiority.
B. because the US dollar is Almighty it has been more susceptible to forgery than
other currencies.
C. the importance of the US dollar led to its greater vulnerability to forgery.
D. the US has placed its economy in jeopardy by adamantly refusing to use anti-forgery
devices.

60. The MAIN purpose of the writer in this article is to

A. show why money has become less useful as a means of paying for goods. .
B. show the problems that have beset money since its invention. -
C. explain the steps taken to prevent forgery of bank notes.
D. point out the superiority of the US dollar relative to other currencies.

END OF TEST