Lathe Machine

LATHE MACHINE
A lathe is a machine tool that rotates the workpiece on its axis to perform various
operations such as cutting, sanding, knurling,drilling, or deformation, facing, turning, with tools
that are applied to the workpiece to create an object with symmetry about an axis of rotation.
The rotating horizontal spindle to which the work holding device is attached is usually power
driven at speeds that can be varied. On a speed lathe the cutting tool is supported on a tool rest
and manipulated by hand. On an engine lathe the tool is clamped onto a cross slide that is power
driven on straight paths parallel or perpendicular to the work axis. On a screw cutting lathe the
motion of the cutting tool is accurately related to the rotation of the spindle by means of a
lead screw that drives the carriage on which the cutting tool is mounted.
Types of Lathe Machine
Speed Lathes
It is very simple is design. It only has headstock, tailstock and a very simple tool post. It can
operate in 3-4 speeds. The spindle speed is very high. It is used for light machine works like
wood turning, metal spinning and metal polishing.
Engine Lathes
Engine lathes are the most common types of lathe machine. It is designed for low power
operations as well as high power operations. Various lengths of the machine are available. The
length can be up to 60 feet. Engine lathe is commonly seen in every machine shop. Various
metals can be machines. The machine can operate at a wide range of speed ratios.
Tool room Lathes
It is a very versatile lathe machine. It can give

better accuracy and finishing. It has wider range of speeds. It can
be a great device to manufacture die.
Turret Lathes
It is a great machine for quick operations. It has various types of

tool posts mounted on a single structure. As a number of tools are set up on machine, the job can
be completed very quickly with the help of a single setup. A capstan wheel is used to position the
next tool. A sequential machining process can be done by using the turret lathe without moving
the workpiece. It eliminates the error that occurs due to misalignment.
Special Types of Lathe Machines
These are the machines which are allows the worker to perform tasks which are not possible in
normal lathe machines.
Bench type jewelers lathe
- use in jewelries mostly in watches
Automatic lathes
- an automatic lathe that involves computer to control machine tools
Brake lathes
-A brake lathe is an efficient tool for curing noise and vibration problems, often prolonging the
life of brake systems.
Multispindle lathes
- Multi Spindle Automatic Lathe can provide the various types of machining such as boring,
turning, chamfering, threading, grooving, and drilling by moving the workpieces between 6 or 8
stations (machining position).
Duplicating lathe
-This type of lathe was able to create shapes identical to a standard pattern and it revolutionized
the process of gun stock making in 1820's when it was invented.
Parts of Lathe machine
1. Bed- It is the main body of the machine. All main components are bolted on it. It is usually
made by cast iron due to its high compressive strength and high lubrication quality. It is made by
casting process and bolted on floor space.
2. Tool post- It is bolted on the carriage. It is used to hold the tool at correct position. Tool holder
mounted on it.
3. Chuck- Chuck is used to hold the workspace. It is bolted on the spindle which rotates the
chuck and work piece. It is four jaw and three jaw according to the requirement of machine.
4. Head stock -Head stock is the main body parts which are placed at left side of bed. It is serve
as holding device for the gear chain, spindle, driving pulley etc. It is also made by cast iron
5. Tell stock -Tell stock situated on bed. It is placed at right hand side of the bed. The main
function of tell stock to support the job when required. It is also used to perform drilling
operation.
6. Lead screw -Lead screw is situated at the bottom side of bed which is used to move the
carriage automatically during thread cutting.
7. Legs- Legs are used to carry all the loads of the machine. They are bolted on the floor which
prevents vibration.
8. Carriage- It is situated between the head stock and tell stock. It is used to hold and move the
tool post on the bed vertically and horizontally. It slides on the guide ways. Carriage is made by
cast iron.
9. Apron- It is situated on the carriage. It consist all controlling and moving mechanism of
carriage.
10. Chips pan - Chips pan is placed lower side of bed. The main function of it to carries all chips
removed by the work piece.
11. Guide ways -Guide ways take care of movement of tell stock and carriage on bed.
12. Speed controller -Speed controller switch is situated on head stock which controls the speed
of spindle.
13. Spindle- It is the main part of lathe which holds and rotates the chuck.
OPERATIONS IN LATHE MACHINE
Facing
This is usually the first step of any lathe operation on the lathe
machine. The metal is cut from the end to make it fit in the right
angle of the axis and remove the marks.
Tapering
Tapering is to cut the metal to nearly a cone shape with the help
of the compound slide. This is something in between the parallel
turning and facing off. If one is willing to change the angle then they can adjust the compound
slide as they like.
Parallel Turning
This operation is adopted in order to cut the metal parallel to the axis. Parallel turning is done to
decrease the diameter of the metal.
Parting
The part is removed so that it faces the ends. For this the parting tool is involved in slowly to
make perform the operation. For to make the cut deeper the parting tool is pulled out and
transferred to the side for the cut and to prevent the tool from breaking.
Knurling
Knurling is a manufacturing process, typically conducted on a lathe, whereby a pattern of
straight, angled or crossed lines is cut or rolled into the material
Chamfering
Chamfering is the operation of beveling the extreme end of a workpiece. This is done to remove
the burrs, to protect the end of the workpiece from being damaged and to have a better look. The
operation may be performed after knurling, rough turning, boring, drilling. Chamfering is an
essential operation before thread cutting so that the nut may pass freely on the threaded
workpiece.

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LATHE MACHINE

Tool room Lathes

It is a very versatile lathe machine. It can give

It is a great machine for quick operations. It has various types of

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