Revision Questions
Revision Questions
Revision Questions
BIOLOGY
Paper 1
Biological Molecules
Cells Structure
Plasma Membrane
Enzymes
Respiration
Photosynthesis
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(d) State the differences between the light-dependent reaction and light-
independent reaction. [3 marks]
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(ii) State precisely where the reactions in stages A, B and C occur in the
cell. [3 marks]
Stage A: .......................................................................................................................
Stage B: .......................................................................................................................
Stage C: .......................................................................................................................
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(ii) State the function of oxygen in the stage named in (c)(i). [1 mark]
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Stage A: .......................................................................................................................
Stage B: .......................................................................................................................
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(d) By referring to a plant, give two examples for each of the following:
[3 marks]
Organelles : .....................................................................................................................
Tissue : .....................................................................................................................
Organ : .....................................................................................................................
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(c) List three ways in which cyclic photophosphorylation differs from non-
cyclic photophosphorylation. [3 marks]
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(c) Molecule A must attach permanently to the enzyme before the enzyme can
function as a catalyst. Identify molecule A. [1 mark]
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(d) Molecule B is an organic molecule that must attach temporarily to the same
enzyme before the enzyme can function. Name molecule B. [1 mark]
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Cell A:
Cell B:
(a) Label four organelles that are found in both cells. [2 marks]
(b) Label two organelles exclusively found in cell A and two exclusively found
in cell B. [2 marks]
(c) Name the cells specifically and give reasons for your answers. [4 marks]
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(d) Give two differences between these cells and the prokaryotic cells.
[2 marks]
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10 | S M K S u l t a n I b r a h i m K u l a i , J o h o r
9. The diagram below shows the possible pathways taken by water across the root
of a plant.
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(b) Using only the information from the diagram, explain how cell Q is adapted
for its function. [1 mark]
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(c) Name the process by which water enters cell Q from the soil. [1 mark]
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(d) How could nitrate ions enter the root if the concentration of nitrate ions
outside the plant is less than the concentration inside cell Q? [1 mark]
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(e) Pathway 1 is known as the vascular pathway, as the water passes into and
through the cell vacuole. Name pathway 2 and pathway 3. [2 marks]
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(f) What makes up the Casparian strip in cell type S and what is its function in
water transport? [2 marks]
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11 | S M K S u l t a n I b r a h i m K u l a i , J o h o r
(g) Describe two ways in which xylem vessels are adapted for their function of
water transport. [2 marks]
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12 | S M K S u l t a n I b r a h i m K u l a i , J o h o r
10. Two adjacent cells and their values for s and p given in kPa are shown in the
diagram below.
(a) (i) Write down the formula to determine the water potential of a plant.
[1 mark]
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(b) State the direction of water flow between the two cells and give a reason
for your answer. [3 marks]
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(c) Calculate the values of the pressure potential p and the water potential
of cell A and cell B when equilibrium is reached. Assume that changes in solute
potential are negligible. [2 marks]
(d) State two differences between osmosis and the sodium-potassium pump
mechanism. [2 marks]
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13 | S M K S u l t a n I b r a h i m K u l a i , J o h o r
11. The diagram below shows the relationship between certain organelles in a
phagocytic cell.
A: ................................................................................................................................
B: ................................................................................................................................
C: ................................................................................................................................
D: ................................................................................................................................
(b) Explain what happens in stages I, II, III, IV, V and VI in the above diagram.
[6 marks]
I: ................................................................................................................................
II: ................................................................................................................................
III: ................................................................................................................................
IV: ................................................................................................................................
V: ................................................................................................................................
VI: ................................................................................................................................
14 | S M K S u l t a n I b r a h i m K u l a i , J o h o r
12. The diagram below shows the ground tissues of a plant.
J: ................................................................................................................................
K: ................................................................................................................................
L: ................................................................................................................................
Tissue Functions
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15 | S M K S u l t a n I b r a h i m K u l a i , J o h o r
13. The figure below is a diagrammatic model of a section of cell surface membrane.
(a) (i) State the name usually given to this model. [1 mark]
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B: ................................................................................................................................
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(c) What is the function of the channel labelled in the diagram? [1 mark]
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(e) Suggest one possible function of the carbohydrate chains attach to the
surface of the membrane. [1 mark]
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16 | S M K S u l t a n I b r a h i m K u l a i , J o h o r
14. The diagram below shows a section through mitochondrion as seen using an
electron microscope.
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B: ................................................................................................................................
C: ................................................................................................................................
(b) (i) Use the letter in the diagram to locate the part of mitochondrion,
where oxidative phosphorylation occurs. [1 mark]
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17 | S M K S u l t a n I b r a h i m K u l a i , J o h o r
15. The diagram shows cells taken from the stem of a plant. Cells A, B and C are
adjacent cells and the figures indicate the water potential of each cell.
(a) (i) Draw arrows on the diagram to show the overall direction of water
movement between these three cells. [1 mark]
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(b) The diagram below shows two plant cells, X and Y as seen through a
microscope. The figures show the solute potential s and the pressure potential p for
both cells and the water potential for cell Y.
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(ii) State the name of the condition shown by cell Y and explain how this
condition could have arisen. [3 marks]
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(c) Cell X has the higher pressure potential p. Explain how this pressure
potential is built up in cell X. [3 marks]
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19 | S M K S u l t a n I b r a h i m K u l a i , J o h o r
16. The figure below outlines the anaerobic respiration in yeast cells.
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(c) Explain why anaerobic respiration results in small yield of ATP compared
to aerobic respiration. [3 marks]
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20 | S M K S u l t a n I b r a h i m K u l a i , J o h o r
17. The diagram below shows the structure of a lipid.
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A: ................................................................................................................................
B: ................................................................................................................................
C: ................................................................................................................................
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(e) Describe the main features of this lipid which are important in the formation
of plasma membrane. [2 marks]
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(f) State two functions of this lipid in the cell membrane. [2 marks]
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21 | S M K S u l t a n I b r a h i m K u l a i , J o h o r
18. The diagram below shows a carbohydrate molecule formed from two sugar units.
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(b) Name the type of chemical bond between the two sugar units. [1 mark]
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(f) Explain why the substance named in (e) is suitable for storage in human.
[3 marks]
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(g) Another type of carbohydrate which is found in plant cell wall is cellulose.
Explain why cellulose cannot be digested in human. [2 marks]
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Essay
Chapter 1: Biological Molecules
(b) (i) With the aid of diagram, show how a triglyceride is formed through
the esterification process. [3 marks]
(ii) Describe the structure of lecithin and its importance in cell membrane
structure. [4 marks]
Johor 2009
2. With reference to cellulose, explain briefly the term polymerisation. State briefly
the differences between the formation of polysaccharides and polypeptides.
[7 marks]
Pahang 2009
3. Protein can be divided into two groups., namely fibrous proteins and globular
proteins, based on the shape of the molecules. Describe the differences between
the two types of proteins. [7 marks]
Terengganu 2009
23 | S M K S u l t a n I b r a h i m K u l a i , J o h o r
Chapter 2: Cell Structure
1. (a) Describe the structure of each of the following tissue in relation to its
functions. [12 marks]
(i) Collenchyma
(ii) Xylem vessels
(iii) Erythrocyte
(b) State the disadvantages of using the light electron microscope to study
biological specimens. [3 marks]
(b) Describe in details the structure in relation to the functions of the following
organelles. [8 marks]
(i) Lysosome
(ii) Ribosome
24 | S M K S u l t a n I b r a h i m K u l a i , J o h o r
Chapter 3: Plasma Membrane
(iii) State three features of a substance, which influence its ability to pass
through a cell membrane. [3 marks]
Terengganu 2009
2. (a) Draw and label the structure of a cell membrane based on the Singers
model. [2 marks]
(b) Explain the roles of the structures of the cell membrane in the
transportation of substances into a cell. [13 marks]
Terengganu 2009
3. Describe the structure of the cell membrane and state the functions of the
component parts. [9 marks]
Pahang 2011
25 | S M K S u l t a n I b r a h i m K u l a i , J o h o r
Chapter 4: Enzymes
1. Describe the mechanism of action of an enzyme based on the induced fit model.
[8 marks]
Pahang 2009
(c) Explain the industrial production of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS).
[7 marks]
Sam Tet Ipoh
26 | S M K S u l t a n I b r a h i m K u l a i , J o h o r
Chapter 5: Respiration
1. (a) By using a labelled diagram, describe how mitochondrion acts as the source
of energy in a cell. [7 marks]
(b) Compare what happens to the pyruvate in plant cells and animal cells if
oxygen is absent. [8 marks]
2. (a) Describe the main stages of glycolysis, explain the formation of ATP along
the way. [8 marks]
3. State briefly the differences between anaerobic respiration occurs in plants and
animals. [6 marks]
Pahang 2009
27 | S M K S u l t a n I b r a h i m K u l a i , J o h o r
Chapter 6: Photosynthesis
(b) Explain the reaction involving the use of light energy that occurs in the
thylakoids of the chloroplast. [9 marks]
Pahang 2012
4. NAD and NADP are important molecules in plant cells. Describe in detail, the
role of these molecules within the palisade mesophyll cells. [9 marks]
Pahang 2009
5. (a) Besides light intensity, explain how other environmental factors may affect
the rate of photosynthesis. [10 marks]
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7. Write an account outlining the similarities and differences in the way that
mitochondria and chloroplasts generate a proton gradient and synthesis ATP.
[6 marks]
Pahang 2011
9. Describe the process that occurs at the granum of chloroplasts. [15 marks]
Kelantan 2012
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