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    Phillips Issst 2015

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    This study developed a framework to incorporate urban stormwater pollution from land use change into life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The framework consists of four steps: 1) inventory pollutants in stormwater, 2) inventory precipitation data, 3) classify pollutants into LCA impact categories, and 4) inventory land use changes. The framework was demonstrated by assessing annual US electricity generation from coal, natural gas, and hydropower. When only considering stormwater impacts, notable environmental flows were identified, though stormwater impacts were negligible compared to process impacts. The framework provides a first step to more accurately model upstream land use effects and stormwater pollution in LCAs.

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    Phillips Issst 2015

    Uploaded by

    api-354620451
    81 views1 page
    This study developed a framework to incorporate urban stormwater pollution from land use change into life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The framework consists of four steps: 1) inventory pollutants in stormwater, 2) inventory precipitation data, 3) classify pollutants into LCA impact categories, and 4) inventory land use changes. The framework was demonstrated by assessing annual US electricity generation from coal, natural gas, and hydropower. When only considering stormwater impacts, notable environmental flows were identified, though stormwater impacts were negligible compared to process impacts. The framework provides a first step to more accurately model upstream land use effects and stormwater pollution in LCAs.

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    phillips issst 2015

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    This study developed a framework to incorporate urban stormwater pollution from land use change into life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The framework consists of four steps: 1) inventory pollutants in stormwater, 2) inventory precipitation data, 3) classify pollutants into LCA impact categories, and 4) inventory land use changes. The framework was demonstrated by assessing annual US electricity generation from coal, natural gas, and hydropower. When only considering stormwater impacts, notable environmental flows were identified, though stormwater impacts were negligible compared to process impacts. The framework provides a first step to more accurately model upstream land use effects and stormwater pollution in LCAs.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    81 views1 page

    Phillips Issst 2015

    Uploaded by

    api-354620451
    This study developed a framework to incorporate urban stormwater pollution from land use change into life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The framework consists of four steps: 1) inventory pollutants in stormwater, 2) inventory precipitation data, 3) classify pollutants into LCA impact categories, and 4) inventory land use changes. The framework was demonstrated by assessing annual US electricity generation from coal, natural gas, and hydropower. When only considering stormwater impacts, notable environmental flows were identified, though stormwater impacts were negligible compared to process impacts. The framework provides a first step to more accurately model upstream land use effects and stormwater pollution in LCAs.

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    of 1

    A New Life Cycle Assessment Method to Incorporate

    Urban Stormwater Pollution from Land Use Change


    Robert Phillips1 (rphilli5@rockets.utoledo.edu) | Dr. Defne Apul1 | Dr. Harish Jeswani2 | Dr. Adisa Azapagic2
    1. The University of Toledo, Sustainability Engineering Lab | 2. The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, Sustainable Industrial Systems Lab

    1. Abstract 3. Methods 4. Application


    This study sought to identify the upstream urban stormwater runoff A Case Study of Annual US
    pollution attributable to a product or system studied. We Electricity Generation Sources
    developed a framework for the pollutants of concern in urban
    stormwater to be classified into existing Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Coal
    impact categories.
    A framework is proposed to develop the inventory and assess the 5.71x1012 MJ/yr.
    impacts of pollutants of concern in urban stormwater pollution. The
    methodology consists of four steps: (1) inventory of urban
    stormwater pollutants of concern; (2) inventory of precipitation Natural Gas
    data over a given time extent; (3) classification and
    4.04x1012 MJ/yr.
    characterization within existing midpoint impact categories for the
    identified pollutants; and (4) inventory of urban land use change
    throughout the lifecycle of the product or system, including
    upstream impacts. Impacts are additive to existing LCIA methods, Hydro
    resulting in a more comprehensive assessment of the environmental
    impacts. 9.31x1011 MJ/yr.
    Fig. 1 Framework for incorporating urban stormwater pollution into the LCA methodology.
    Application of this framework is demonstrated with an analysis of
    annual US electricity generation sources, including coal, natural gas, 4.1 Classification & Characterization 4.3 Impact Assessment
    and hydropower. Impacts were evaluated from an absolute and

    Stormwater Impacts
    relative perspective, where only the stormwater pollution was Freshwater
    Phosphorous kg P eq/kg
    assessed and with these impacts added to the existing process Eutrophication
    impacts, respectively

    Urban
    Marine
    Nitrogen kg N eq/kg
    When stormwater impacts are assessed relative to existing process Eutrophication
    impacts, they may be negligible (<1%). However, when the Metals Human Toxicity
    impacts are assessed independent of the unit operation, notable kg 1,4-DCB/kg
    Hydrocarbons Marine, Terr., &
    environmental flows are realized. The methodology provides a
    Freshwater Ecotox.
    first step towards more accurately modeling stormwater in LCAs by

    and Process Impacts


    Relative Stormwater
    incorporating upstream land use effects and stormwater pollutant Impacts per m2 of Urban Surface Area Process Impacts
    concentrations in existing LCA models.
    2.9E-04 Freshwater EP/m2 3.4E-02 Human Tox/m2
    2. Background and Objectives 2.5E-03 Marine EP/m2 6.3E-03 Marine Etox/m2
    Upstream and Urban 8.5E-03 Freshwater Etox/m2 3.0E-07 Terrestrial Etox/m2
    Life Cycle Impact Stormwater Impacts
    Direct Land Use Stormwater
    Assessment
    Change Pollution 4.2 Urban Land Use Change
    LTTULUC - LTFULUC LTTULUC = To urban land use class (m2)
    = ULUC LTFULUC = From urban land use class (m2) 5. Conclusions
    + + 1. Urban stormwater impacts can practically be incorporate into LCA
    Transformation, from Transformation, to
    methodologies and include upstream and direct land use transformations.
    industrial area 3.25E-08 sqm industrial area 2.68E-05 sqm
    2. Stormwater impacts relative to process impacts may be negligible, <1%.
    1. Urban land use change leads to stormwater runoff that may cause Source Urban Land Use Change 3. Absolute stormwater impacts may be compelling and warrant controls to
    impacts to various environmental receptors.
    Coal 3.57E-05 sqm per MJ 2.04E+08 sqm mitigate environmental flows.
    2. Urban land use change occurs throughout the lifecycle of a Natural Gas 1.75E-06 sqm per MJ 7.08E+06 sqm
    product or system.
    6. Acknowledgements
    Hydro 2.77E-05 sqm per MJ 2.58E+07 sqm Funded by National Science Foundation Environmental Sustainability Program,
    3. The objective of this study it to quantify these impacts in LCA.
    # 1236660.

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