Shipping Law and Business
Shipping Law and Business
Shipping Law and Business
a List any two (2) actions of freedoms that could be exercised under
UNCLOS Article 87 Freedom of High Seas
b Land locked states have the freedom of high seas. Is this statement TRUE
or FALSE?
d An American war ship encounters a cargo vessel on the high seas. State
two (2) reasonable grounds that the warship has the right to board the
cargo ship.
i In which type of maritime service are the following documents associated with?
i An average adjustment
ii A laytime statement
Question 2
Describe the three (3) main functions of a bill of lading, and explain why sea
waybills cannot fulfil all of these functions.
[13 Marks]
Question 3
a As a general rule, marine insurance policies state that the insured must have an
insurable interest in the adventure or property to be insured. Clarify the
meaning of this statement.
[7 Marks]
b Explain the elements that must be present before an act can be classified as a
general average act.
[6 Marks]
Question 4
Compare and contrast the content and application of Hague Rules and Hamburg
Rules and as result of this comparison provide a reasoned argument to explain why
the Hamburg Rules have gained limited acceptance, particularly by major maritime
nations.
[13 Marks]
Question 5
Describe the four (4) elements that must be present for a successful salvage claim.
[13 Marks]
Shipping Law and Business, Paper No 1 -4-
Question 6
Elaborate the relationship, responsibilities and liabilities that are created when an
agency agreement is entered into. What characteristics should a good ships agent
exhibit? If a shipowner believes the agent is acting largely in the interests of the
charterer to the detriment of those of the owner, what action could he take?
[13 Marks]
Question 7
Differentiate the meaning and application of maritime liens and possessory liens.
Cite examples where each may exist.
[13 Marks]
Question 8
Briefly explain the distinguishing features of the following types of Bills of Lading:
I. Order
II. Straight
III. Received for shipment
IV. Clean and foul
[13 Marks]
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