Module 1 - CEE 335
Module 1 - CEE 335
Module 1 - CEE 335
CEE-
Pollution Control
Course Teacher
Dr Muhammad Azizul Hoque
Relevant Books
Environmental Engineering
-by Howard S. Peavy
Environmental Engineering
-by Davis and Cornwell
Water Supply and Pollution Control
-by Warren Viessman and Mark J. Hammer
Environmental Pollution and Its Control
-by S. A. Abbasi
Environmental Pollution Control Engineering
-by C. S. Rao
Pollution and Its Control
-by Gopal Bhargava
Industrial water Pollution Control
-by W. Wesley Eckenfelder
etc..
Air Quality
(Physical and Chemical fundamentals)
Environmental System
Nonvariable Gases
Nitrogen 78.08%
Oxygen 20.95%
Argon 0.93%
Neon 0.002%
Variable Gases
Water Vapor 0.1 - 5.0%
Carbon Dioxide 0.035%
Ozone 0.000006%
Gas Laws
Ideal gas: An ideal gas is defined as one in which all collisions between atoms or
molecules are perfectly elastic and in which there are no intermolecular
attractive forces. An elastic collision is a collision in which the total kinetic energy
of the colliding bodies after collision is equal to their total kinetic energy before
collision. Elastic collisions occur only if there is no conversion of kinetic energy
into other forms
Gas Laws
Boyles law: V=k/P (T and n are const.)
Charless law: V=bT (P and n are const.)
Avogadros law: V=an (T and P are const.)
Here
P=Absolute pressure (Pa or kPa)
V=Volume (L or m3)
n=number of moles of gas
T=Absolute temperature (K)
k, b and a = constants
At standard temperature (273.15 K) and pressure (101.325 kPa),
one mole of an ideal gas occupies 22.414 L volume
Gas Laws (Cont.)
Particle Size
m
Concentration
g/m3
Mass to Volume ratio
Concentration (Cont.)
parts per million (ppm)
Volume to volume ratio
Concentrations are independent of pressure and
temperature changes
Tips
MW of CH4, N2,CO2 are 16 g/mole, 28 g/mole and 44 g/mole
respectively
Number of moles = Mass/MW
Exercise
Tips
R = 8.3143 Pa.m3/K.mole
P = nRT/V
Exercise
Tips
Find the number of mole of CO2 (MW = 44 g/mole)
At standard temperature (273.15 K) and pressure (101.325
kPa), one mole of an ideal gas occupies 22.414 L volume
For 1 mole gas following expression comes from the ideal
gas law (P=nRT/V) for the change of temperature and
pressure:
P1V1/T1 =P2V2/T2 then, calculate V2 and find it for respective
mole number.
Exercise
Tips
MW of H2S is 34 g/mole
Mole of gas = Concentration/MW
For 1 mole of gas, P1V1/T1 =P2V2/T2, calculate P2 and find
it for respective mole number.
or,
R = 8.3143 Pa.m3/K.mole
P = nRT/V
Exercise
Tips
MW of SO2 is 64 g/mole,
Mole of SO2 = Concentration/MW (for 1 m3 volume) ,
For 1 mole of gas, P1V1/T1 =P2V2/T2, (here P1=P2),
Calculate V2 and find it for respective mole number,
V2 refers to Vp,
So, ppm (parts per million)= Vp/Va
Air Quality and Meteorology
Z(m) T(C)
2 -3.05
318 -6.21
T T2 T1 6.21 ( 3.05 )
= = = 0.0100 C/m
z z 2 z1 318 2
= 1.00 C/100 m
Since lapse rate = , atmosphere is neutral
Exercise 7
Z(m) T(C)
10 6.00
202 3.09
T T2 T1 3.09 6.00
= = = 0.0152 C/m
z z 2 z1 202 10
= 1.52 C/100 m
Since lapse rate is more negative than ,
(-1.00 C/100 m), atmosphere is unstable
Exercise 8
Z(m) T(C)
18 14.03
286 16.71
T T2 T1 16.71 14.03
= = = +0.0100 C/m
z z 2 z1 286 18
= +1.00 C/100 m