Antentop 2008-01
Antentop 2008-01
Antentop 2008-01
ANTENTOP is FREE e- magazine, made in PDF, Preview: Some articles from "cooking" issue will be
devoted to antennas and amateur radio. Everyone pasted for preview on this site, others no. Because, as
may share his experience with others hams on the I think, it must be something mysterious in every issue.
pages. Your opinions and articles are published
without any changes, as I know, every your word has Publishing: If you have something for share with your
the mean. friends, and if you want to do it FREE, just send me an
email. Also, if you want to offer for publishing any stuff
Every issue of ANTENTOP is going to have 100 from your website, you are welcome!
pages and this one will be paste in whole on the site.
Preview's files will be removed in this case. I do not Your opinion is important for me, so,
know what a term for one issue will need, may be 8- contact if you want to say something!
10 month or so. A whole issue of ANTENTOP hold
nearly 10 MB.
I do not know, why the owners do not response me. Are they still alive? Do their companies are a
bankrupt? Or do they move anywhere? Where they are in the end?
Business Advertising: ANTENTOP is not a and, they will do this work, and we will see lots
commercial magazine. Authors and I (Igor Grigorov, interesting articles there.
the editor of the magazine) do not get any profit from So, if you want to put a commercial advertisement in
the issue. But off course, I do not mention from ANTENTOP, please contact with me. A commercial
commercial ads in ANTENTOP. It allows me to do the advertisement will do ANTENTOP even greater
magazine in most great way, allows me to pay some interesting and various! I hope, readers do not mention
money for authors to compensate their hard work. I against such commercial ads.
have lots interesting stuff in Russian, and owners of Book Advertising: I do not think, that Book
the stuff agree to publish the stuff in ANTENTOP Advertising is a commercial advertisement. So, Book
but I have no enough time to translate the interesting Advertising is FREE at ANTENTOP. Contact with me
stuff in English, however I may pay money to for details.
translators,
Email: antentop@antentop.org subject: igor_ant NB: Please, use only plain text and mark email subject
as: igor_ant. I receive lots spam and viruses, so, I
delete ALL unknown me messages without reading.
http://www.antentop.org/ Editorial
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Receiving Antennas
3 The antenna was designed for using at DX- peditions. Antenna consists of two 26- 28
elements- mast in height 10 meters and in diameter 30-50-mm (it is reflector)
and a dipole for the 20-m (it is driver).
Page 1 http://www.antentop.org/
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Page
Delta Loop UN7CI for 7, 10, 14 and 21- MHz: By Boris Popov (UN7CI),
Petropavlovsk, Kazakhstan
6 33- 34
The antenna was designed to work from a field conditions at amateurs bands
7, 10, 14 and 21-MHz. The antenna has SWR less the 2.0:1.0 at height of the
lower side 1.2 meters above the ground. Antenna has good efficiency.
8 The Delta for 80 and 40 meters was designed for installation on the roof of a 37- 41
building with help of a metal mast. Matching of the antenna at both bands is
possible with the help of the length of 75-Ohm Coaxial in 4.82-meters.
Page 2 http://www.antentop.org/
ANTENTOP- 01- 2007, # 009 Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Page
P.A.
13 45
Matching input of PA that contained several tubes GU50 with a transceiver is
not a simple matter as it seems at first look. Sometimes for simplicity of the
design PA the driver power from a transceiver going straight away to several
connected to bridge cathodes of the GU50.
.
2xGU50 and 3xGU50 PA from UA1TAT: By Yaroslav Zhukov, UA1TAT
14
Two simple schematic PA made on Russian popular tubes GU50. 54- 56
Page 3 http://www.antentop.org/
ANTENTOP- 01- 2007, # 009 Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Of course, it was not best paper used for the book as well as not good quality of
printing. The book describes kits which my own company ("Vibrissa") produced
at the times. Naturally, the book was the manual for the kits. Were produced
400 kits of TST (Tube- Semi- conductor- Transceiver) near 50 of them were
assembled by me for customers, 200 kits SQT (Semi- conductor- Quartz-
Transceiver), near 30 were of them were assembled by me for customers, 200
kits of PA, near 60 were of them were assembled by me for customers. Of
course, the book will be interesting for all amateurs, not only for QRP- funs
CQ- QRP- 03
U- QRP- C was alive only 9 years, from 1986 to 1995. At the times the club
21 had managed lots deals. At first were united QRPers from all former USSR. It 71
was the base for recently QRP Clubs of the former USSR- for RU- QRP- C and
for UR- QRP-C. At second, a new amateur code 72 was accepted in the ham
World due to efforts of Oleg Borodin, former president of the U- QRP-C. At
third, 3 nice QRP- magazines were printed out. One of the magazines, CQ-
QRP # 3 is pasted to AntenTop Library. The magazine is in Russian, but the
schematics are international understandable.
CQ- QRP- 02
U- QRP- C was alive only 9 years, from 1986 to 1995. At the times the club
had managed lots deals. At first were united QRPers from all former USSR. It
was the base for recently QRP Clubs of the former USSR- for RU- QRP- C and
22 for UR- QRP-C. At second, a new amateur code 72 was accepted in the ham 72
World due to efforts of Oleg Borodin, former president of the U- QRP-C. At
third, 3 nice QRP- magazines was printed out. One of the magazines, CQ- QRP
# 2 is pasted to AntenTop Library. The magazine is in Russian, but the
schematics are international understandable.
Page 4 http://www.antentop.org/
ANTENTOP- 01- 2007, # 009 Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Page
Keys
This micro key newer will be heavy for any mountain radio-expedition. It is
24 possible to use the key as backup or ever as main key of the amateur radio. 76- 77
This key may be used at tuning antennas with hand- control tuner (for example
like MFJ- 902). For example the key may be used for tuning ATAS- 25 with
YAESU FT8x7 (FT817, FT 857, FT897). Okey, go ahead to make it!
QRP Transceivers
Useful Data
27 The table shows Logos of Electronics Factories used in ex-USSR. Some of 94- 100
the Logos are used up to our days
Dear friends, I would like to give to you an interesting and reliable antenna theory. Hours searching in the web
gave me lots theoretical information about antennas. Really, at first I did not know what information to chose for
ANTENTOP. Finally, I stopped on lectures Modern Antennas in Wireless Telecommunications written by Prof.
Natalia K. Nikolova from McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
Well, I have read many textbooks on Antennas, both, as in Russian as in English. So, I have the possibility to
compare different textbook, and I think, that the lectures give knowledge in antenna field in great way. Here first
lecture Introduction into Antenna Study is here. Next issues of ANTENTOP will contain some other lectures.
I.G.
My Friends, the above placed Intro was given at ANTENTOP- 01- 2003 to Antennas Lectures.
Now I know, that the Lecture is one of popular topics of ANTENTOP. Every Antenna Lecture
was downloaded more than 1000 times!
Now I want to present to you one more very interesting Lecture - it is a Lecture Radiation from
Infinitesimal (Elementary) Sources. I believe, you cannot find such info anywhere for free! Very
interesting and very useful info for every ham, for every radio- engineer.
I.G.
www.antentop.org Page-5
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Atmospheric Current: Practical Experiments
It was discovered no any current. A weak sensitivity It is less of the sensitivity of the multimeter in 10-100 times.
of the multimeter may be the reason. However,
another phenomenon was discovered. At swing of At the same time we may assume, that grounded (through
the fishing rod (with broom) that is usual matter at the digital multimeter) antenna creates around of its end top
the experimenters, the multimeter shows current. a volumetric charge with a zero potential relative to the
The current reached up to 10 nano A and changed ground.
by amplitude and polarity. Moving fast (faster than ions can move) the broom antenna
end from one air area (that almost has potential of the
I tried to count the current. The speed of a flow of broom) to other air are (that has potential U near 1000 V
ions is equal to mobility of ions multiplied by intensity relative to the ground- 130 V (electrical gradient) multiply to
of E- field. The mobility of negative ions (on 7.5 meters (height of the fishing rod)) is caused recharge
Chizhevsky ) under normal atmospheric conditions current i for the antenna. Lets find the current.
is equal 1,83 centimeter /second, and intensity of an
atmospheric static field - about 1,3 V / centimeter. I= dq/dt,
So, speed of flow of ions V near 2,5
centimeter/second. Where: q= CU.
Density of flow of ions j = nVe. Concentration n of Assume that antenna has C= 20 pF and time of antenna
ions at natural conditions is estimate equal near moving- 1 second. So, antenna current would be 20 nano-
1000 on cubic centimeter, charge of an ion = A, that the multimeter is shown to us.
1,6.10-19 ql. So, ionic current near ground is near
about 4 pico A/square meter, that is not practically Conclusion 1: Although I cannot measure the antenna
matched with some data found by me in technical current at the field conditions the experiment prove the
reference- near 2,5 3,5 pico A/ square meter. electrization of the air around the antenna broom.
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 22
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Atmospheric Current: Practical Experiments
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 23
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Atmospheric Current: Practical Experiments
www.qrp.ru
Recently I have repeated these experiments to find the To prove the efficiency of the Broom Antenna more
top frequency of the discharge generation. I switched on experimenters are needed to do. Very useful would be
in the circuit of a discharge needle, (also I have tried a experimenters with receiving very weak signals- nano
small broom made from thin wires) different LC- circuits. and pico- Watts in power. However it needs to use at the
It was easy to obtain generation at 1-MHz. But I experimenters receivers with high-resistance antenna
managed to get generation up to 5-MHz. However, I input because the Broom Antenna has extremely high
believe it is possible to get generation above 5-MHz. output resistance- may be Giga and ever Tera- Ohm.
http://n-t.ru/tp/ns/eb.htm http://www.cyclesresearchinstitute.org/chizhevsky.html
http://www.rexresearch.com/ttbrown/ttbrown.htm
http://www.ttbrown.com/ Broadcasting Russian Radio Station Mayak
http://www.borderlands.de/gravity.bb-effect.php3#2
http://www.radiomayak.ru/
www.cqham.ru
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 26
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Expedition Two Element Antenna
for the 20-meter Band
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 27
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Expedition Two Element Antenna for
the 20-meter Band
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 28
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Simple All- Band HF- Antenna
www.cqham.ru
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 29
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Rectangular UB5UG
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 30
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Rectangular UB5UG
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 31
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Rectangular UB5UG
Figure 3 shows input impedance for rectangular for MMANA file for the antenna made by UR0GT.
the 40-meters Band. Figure 4 shows SWR for
rectangular for the 40-meters Band. Figure 5 shows It is possible to design directional antennas on the
vertical and horizon patterns. All diagrams made by base of the Rectangular. Reflector and director may be
MMANA for the Rectangular designed for 7.050-MHz, designed on the base of the rectangular. Such
placed at height of the 2 meters above the real directional antennas may be designed for all amateurs
ground, vertical parts of the antenna aluminum tube HF bands. Parameters of Three- Elements Antenna
in diameter 10- mm (000-AWG), horizon wires- made on the base of the Rectangular elements are
aluminum wire in diameter of 1-mm (18-AWG). almost equal to parameters of a Four Elements
Antenna made on the base of linear wires (YAGI).
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 32
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Delta Loop UN7CI for 7, 10, 14 and 21- MHz
73! de UN7CI
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 33
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Delta Loop UN7CI for 7, 10, 14 and 21- MHz
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 34
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Vertical UN7CI for 7, 14 and 21- MHz
Operation:
Design
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 35
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Vertical UN7CI for 7, 14 and 21- MHz
My vertical was fixed to the roof beams. No guys were 73! de UN7CI
used for the fixing of the vertical. Hole through the roof
(where the vertical is going on) was water proofed.
However, conditions for the installation of the vertical
at another roof may differ from mine. So, guys for the
fixing of the vertical and hard waterproofing of the hole
may be needed.
www.cqham.ru
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 36
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Delta for 80 and 40- meters
The Delta for 80 and 40 meters was designed for Matching of the antenna at both bands is possible with
installation on the roof of a building with help of a the help of the length of 75-Ohm Coaxial in 4.82-meters.
metal mast. Design of the antenna is shown on SWR at the both bands (at this case) is 1.46:1.0. Figure
Figure 1. Link for file *maa for the antenna is given 4 shows diagrams and data for the matching. Improved
below at the article. variant of the matching is shown on the Figure 5. A
length of 75-Ohm coaxial cable in 3.9 meters and
File *maa contains correct dimension for the opened stub from a length of 75-Ohm coaxial cable in
antenna. However, MMANA simulates the antenna in 1.7 meters are connected to antennas terminal. SWR at
not correct way. Correct data may be reached using the both bands (at this case) is 1.23:1.0.
NEC for MMANA. All of these programs are free.
Figure 2 shows patterns (in horizon and vertical It is a theoretical model. In the coming spring I hope to
plane) of the antenna on the 80 meters. Figure 3 install and check the antenna.
shows patterns (in horizon and vertical plane) of the
antenna on the 40 meters. 73!
Link: http://www.antentop.org/010/
rz3dk_010.htm
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 37
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Delta for 80 and 40- meters
Figure 2 Patterns (in horizon and vertical plane) of the Delta on the 80 meters.
www.cqham.ru
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 38
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Delta for 80 and 40- meters
Figure 3 Patterns (in horizon and vertical plane) of the Delta on the 40 meters.
www.cqham.ru
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 39
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Delta for 80 and 40- meters
Figure 4 Matching of the antenna with the help of one length of the 75-coaxial cable
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 40
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Delta for 80 and 40- meters
Figure 5 Improved matching of the antenna with the help of two length of the 75-coaxial cable
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 41
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Two Elements YAGI for 145 MHz:
Balcony Project
Well, why I did a Two- Elements YAGI? Why not space around, for example, the antennas are installed
Three, Four or more Elements YAGI? Or, say, so on the roof. But I need a balcony antenna. Place at
popular 2-5/8 or 3-5/8 Vertical Collinear Antenna? balcony was very limited. I could install only antenna
that goes at 1- 1.5- meters outside the balcony. Only
Okey, at first, just begin from the beginning. From the the limitation makes me to look for an antenna suitable
theory. As the theory says, multi elements antennas for such conditions.
(in the case, YAGI) have a large near field zone. The
Four Elements YAGI works bad at such close to wall
more elements the antenna contains the more sized (up to 1-meter) installation. There was so called
near field zone the antenna has. All subjects that are ladder effect. The effect means that at one frequency
located inside the near field zone are influenced to the
a station is going at 59, step to 25 kHz the station is
parameters of the antenna. going at 58, another step 25-kHz- 59. The more
elements have YAGI- the more the ladder effect
Conclusion: So- the more elements an antenna is
presents. Where a Two Elements YAGI is working at 1
contained - the more free space should be around the meter from a wall there Four Elements YAGI is
antenna.
required 1.5-meter distance from the wall.
The conclusion was proved by me. For a while I had to Second question is- why not collinear but YAGI.
use a commercial (from www.tangenta.ru) made Four Collinear works badly at my installation on the balcony.
and Six Elements YAGI. The antennas are perfect Lots reflected and spurious signals from nearest
antennas only the antennas have enough large free buildings do the reception too noise and unpredictable.
www.cqham.ru
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 42
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Two Elements YAGI for 145 MHz:
Balcony Project
Compare to 2-5/8 and 3-5/8 collinear the Two Two Elements YAGI loses 1-dB in gain compare to
Elements YAGI has more gain. Experience shows that Three Elements YAGI. However, Two Elements YAGI
the more distance between radio stations the more has boom twice less in length compare to Three
Two Elements YAGI beat the collinear. My Two Elements YAGI. That is why I have chosen the Two
Elements YAGI has room near 100-centimeters x 40 Elements YAGI.
centimeters. Collinear antenna that has close to the And the last. Why I did configuration Vibrator-
Two Elements YAGI gain is 3-5/8 collinear. Such Reflector? Because the combination has good forward
collinear has height near 5 meters. So, what is easy to gain thought not good suppression of back lobe.
install at the balcony? Combination Vibrator- Director has good suppression
of back lobe but bad forward gain. I need good forward
gain.
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 43
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Two Elements YAGI for 145 MHz:
Balcony Project
That is all. Antenna is very simple and reliable. I install
Screw going through the hole fastened the plastic to
the antenna at distance 1.5-meter from a wall. There
traverse. Halves of the vibrator fastened to the plastic
with help of plastic ties. Reflector electrically were made lots local and DX-QSO (FM-MODE) at 5-
Wtts power. If you will have made the antenna, your
connected to the boom through a screw that is going
comments are welcome to my e-mail.
through the reflector and the centre of the plastic
insulator. (However, it would be better for antenna
73!
performance to isolate the reflector from the traverse.)
Vibrator made of aluminum, so, it needs to install at References:
feeding terminal of the vibrator (with help of screw)
solder lugs. Coaxial cable is soldered to the solder Igor Lavrushov, UA6HJQ http://www.hamradio.cmw.ru/
lugs. Traverse could be made from any strength stuff- Igor Gocharenko, DL2KQ, Antennas HF- VHF, Part- IV
for example ever wood could be used.
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 44
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Matching a Transceiver
with PA on several GU50
73!
www.cqham.ru
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 45
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Simple Weekend Antenna for 145-MHz
May 2005.
Design of the antenna is very simple. Personally I have Antennas parts are made from insulated wire in
made the antenna in 40 minutes. Antenna consists from diameter 4 millimeters. Place of vibrator, where a coax
reflector (length 1002-millimeters) and vibrator (length was installed, was protected with a raw compound. You
972- millimeters, gap for coaxial cable- 10-millimeters). may use another protector SWR for the antenna
Distance between reflector and vibrator is (measured by SWR-121) was (1.0-1.1):1.
approximately 204 210- millimeters.
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 46
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Simple Weekend Antenna for 145-MHz
Credit Line:
http://www.hamradio.cmw.ru/antenna/145-2el.htm
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 47
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Simple Weekend Antenna for 145-MHz
A bit later, I made a kit of the antenna suitable for my Photos below shows kit of my trip YAGI. Only 30
mountain trip. Testing of the antenna in the mountains seconds are needed to install the antenna. Boom for the
shows, that my YAGI is compared to collinear in 3- 5 YAGI was made from a plastic water pipe in 510-
meters long on distance up to 50 kms and beats the millimeters length and 21- millimeters in diameters.
antennas up to 90 kms and more. Transformer 12.5-Ohms/50-Ohms is placed inside the
plastic tube. The antenna is good fit to rucksack and may
be easy repaired in the trip.
50-Ohms YAGI
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 48
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Fixture for Fast Assembling of VHF-
Antennas
Credit Line:
http://www.cqham.ru/ant85_27.htm
The Fixture is intended for fast assembly and disassembly of VHF antennas. It is very useful for experimenters
with the antennas or assembling of portable VHF- antennas.
The fixture is made on the base of clamp- it may be any strength clamp that you find at your local household
shop. (In Canada such shop is Home Depot or Canadian Tire, lots, lots of different clamps are there.I.G.)
Fixture on a boom is shown below.
www.cqham.ru
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 49
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Fixture for Fast Assembling of VHF-
Antennas
You can see that antenna parts are reliable fastened to the boom, it is possible to move these ones along the
boom as well as fast to remove the parts apart the boom.
Oh, yes, I forget, you need a traveler that should fit to the boom. I did such traveler from a plexiglass in 10-
millimeters (near -inch) thick. Design of the traveler is clear shown at the pictures. The traveler should sit at the
boom evenly not crookedly. Off course, is it possible to use for design of traveler any suitable staff (instead
plexiglass). Local craft shop for sure gives you lots ideas.
73! UA9UKO
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 50
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Water Pipe T-Joint at VHF Antennas
UA9
XBI
Radio club Arktika Championship 2004
Photo Credit Line:
http://www.arktika.komi.com/Champ_2004.htm
Picture 1
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 51
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Water Pipe T-Joint at VHF Antennas
4. Antenna elements are fastened without drilling the It is possible hard fastened the T- joint to the traverse by 1-
traverse. 2 small screw. Another way for hard fastening put some
5. Avoid screw, nuts and clamp in fastening of glue in to pipe-bend. The pipe- bend was closed by a
antenna elements. plastic washer and epoxy. ( See Picture 3.)
6. T- joint is mechanically strong the antenna
element. Holes for antenna elements should have ID on to 0.2- 0.5
7. Weight of one antenna element in length of 1 millimeters less the OD of the antenna element. The holes
meter made from of a silumin tube in 10-mm OD with should be drilled with drilling machine. T-joint at drilling
the T- joint was only 70 grams should be placed on to horizontal table of the drilling
machine. Antenna elements go through the holes with
8. Antenna made by step by step stringing of the T- pressure but then hard fastened at the T-joint.
joints with already installed there antenna elements.
Active dipole vibrator made from two halves may be
How to use T- joint at antenna? Picture1 and 2 show fastened to T- joint with help of a plate made from a good
the way. However, some advices are below. Take T- and mechanically hard insulated stuff. It may be thick PC,
joint that has ID closest to a diameter of antenna thick plexiglass.
traverse. If the T-joint has ID The plate is fastened to cut side tap. See picture 4.
Less the diameter of antenna traverse you need
gnaw through to obtain needed ID. Leave wall
thickness not less the 2 millimeters.
Picture 4
www.cqham.ru
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 52
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Water Pipe T-Joint at VHF Antennas
Picture 5
T-joint may be used for fast assembling of field VHF So, it is possible to put the rework T- joint with antenna
antennas. It needs drilled hole for traverse on to 1-1.5 element on to traverse, then push the T- joint and snap it
mm less then the OD of the traverse. Then partially cut
onto the traverse. If it is need you may fastened the
T- joint toward to side tap. Do smooth the cut sides with
reworking T- joint with help of a clamp.
the help of a file, See Figure 1.
73 de UA9XBI!
Figure 1
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 53
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 2xGU50 and 3xGU50 PA from UA1TAT
2xGU50 PA
The PA was designed and then made (in several Yaroslav Zhukov, UA1TAT
samples) by Yaroslav Zhukov, UA1TAT. It is a
classical Tubes PA with grounded first grid. Credit Line: http://hamnv.boom.ru/2gu50.htm
However, the feature of the PA is the individual bias
for the first grid of each of the used tubes. It allows use Credit Line: http://hamnv.boom.ru/3gu50.htm
tubes with slight different anode/grid characteristics.
Figure 1 2xGU50 PA
3xGU50 PA
The PA is made on the base of 2xGU50 PA. Output
power of the 3xGU50 PA is 180- 200 Wtts. The PA
was designed for 160, 80, 40 and 20 meters. Input
circuit is broadband and can match the PA in wide
frequencies range. The input circuit is described at
Antentop- 1-2008, p.45. Figure 2 shows the schematic
of the 3xGU50 PA
Figure 2 3xGU50 PA
http://hamnv.boom.ru/
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 54
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 2xGU50 and 3xGU50 PA from UA1TAT
Figure 1 2xGU50 PA
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 55
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 2xGU50 and 3xGU50 PA from UA1TAT
Figure 2 3xGU50 PA
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 56
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 PA 3xGU50. Photos of the Design
N. Kisel, UA3AIC,
Moscow, Russia
ua3aic@mail.ru
www.cqham.ru
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 57
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 PA 3xGU50. Photos of the Design
Figure 1 PA 3xGU50
www.antentop.org
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 58
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 PA 3xGU50. Photos of the Design
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 59
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 PA 3xGU50. Photos of the Design
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 60
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 PA 2xGU50. Photos of the Design
N. Kisel, UA3AIC,
Moscow, Russia
ua3aic@mail.ru
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 61
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 PA 5xGU50. Photos of the Design
N. Kisel, UA3AIC,
Moscow, Russia
ua3aic@mail.ru
www.cqham.ru
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 62
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Simple Broadband P.A.
Credit Line:
The P.A. is very simple. It is usual push- pull (made on For example, you may use filters from References
VT1, VT2) with some tricks which allows to make the 1. If a high impedance antenna will be used with the
P.A. in easy style. P.A., it is possible to install transformer 50/300-
Ohm or 50/450-Ohm at the output of the
How it is work: Transformer Tp1 provides matching 50- transformer and feed the antenna through a two-
Ohm input of the P.A. with low resistance input wire line. At radio-amateurs source it is possible to
impedance of the and makes symmetrical of the find lots different designs for such transformers, for
unsymmetrical50-Ohm input with the symmetrical push- example in Reference 2.
pull input. Transformer Tp2 works something like RF-
Choke plus Push- pull transformer. Transformer Tp3 Matched pair of the RF-power transistors should be
provides matching balance push- pull output with used in the amplifier. Best way is to buy such
unbalance output 50-Ohm. If you use to a symmetrical matched transistors from supplier. However, if you
antenna (for example dipole, quad, delta) which is have a stock of 10- 20 RF- power transistors, you
connected to the P.A. by a short length of a coaxial may to find a matched pair from these ones. To
cable you may do not ground the pin 4 at the provide this it is necessary to measure some
transformer Tp3. Figure 1 shows the schematic parameters of the transistors. Transistor is switched
diagram of the P.A. on in the circuit shown in Figure 2. Install with help
R2 collectors current equal to
(Note I.G.: Generally speaking it is not correct 50/100/200/500/1000-mA. Do measuring fast
description, but I leave it as is for some reason. The enough while the transistor should not be warm too
schematic is only first step for ham to the miracle world much. Better way is to use a heat sink for the
of the P.A. I would like to leave academic description transistor. Transistors which plots are mostly close
for next steps) are the matched pair. Remember, that collector
current divide to base current is amplification factor
Correctly assembled (using right parts) amplifier (gain). Matched pair should consist of from
requires a minimal adjustment. At first it needs to install transistors with gain that do not differ more then
collector current. It is equal 50-mA/ at power 20-Wtts, 20% at different currents.
100-mA/ at power 40-Wtts, 150-mA/ at power 60-Wtts.
It is desirable to use a low- frequency (or resonated)
filter before the P.A. and antenna.
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ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Simple Broadband P.A.
(Note I.G.: Generally speaking, 5 points it is not It is possible to use non matched transistors but it
enough for normal selection of matched pair of needs install individual for each transistor biasing. To
transistors. It is desirable to do the selection using 7- do this cut jumper between L1 and L2. A capacitor 50-
10 points, thus the tolerance at amplification factor micro- farads is soldered in bridge with C3. A capacitor
should be not more the 10%. I do not speak about 1-micro- farads is soldered in bridge with C4. With help
selection of a matched pair using measuring of the of additional base resistors install equal current for
transistor parameters at different frequencies because each of the transistors. Turn RF power to the input of
it goes away from the radio- amateur technology. ) the P.A. With help of an oscillograph check the shape
of RF- voltage on the Dummy Load and on the
collector of each of the transistors.
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ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Simple Broadband P.A.
Do the check at different frequencies. Adjust biasing on RFC1 and RFC2 are wound on a ferrite core 8-
to minimum distortions. Capacitor C* (200- 600-pF) may millimeter OD and 10 millimeter in length. The
help to illuminate distortions. However the method ferrite core is cut off from a ferrite rod using in
required some experience. Sometimes (when the magnet antenna for a transistor radio. RFC1 and
transistors are too different) satisfied result is not RFC2 have 80 turns each wound by copper wire
possible. in 0.1- millimeter (38-AWG). Transformers Tp1,
Tp2 and Tp3 are wound on a ferrite core. As usual
Resistors Re have nominal from 1to 4 Ohms, depend for the P.A. I use to a ferrite from TV Flyback. Not
on output power. Less at high power and more at low bad work a ferrite core from a monitor Flyback. It
power. Sometimes, when not matched transistor pair is is possible to use ferrite core from T.V. yoke.
used to the P.A. the resistors may have different Transformer Tp3 works well when it is wound on a
nominal, it is possible to fond right value with help of ferrite from yoke. All transformers are wound by
oscillograph on to minimum distortions. insulated copper wire in diameter 0.5- millimeter.
Transformer Tp1 is wound by twisted and tripled
P.A. has two modes: SSB and CW. At CW mode the wires, one turn to one centimeter of the length.
transistors work in mode B- the bases closed to Transformers Tp2 and Tp3 are wound by twisted
ground (with help of S1) through RFC1 and RFC2. wires, one turn to one centimeter of the length.
Design of the transformers is shown on Figure 3.
Practically any RF transistors can be used at the P.A.
Ferrite core is wound by soft plastic insulation tape. The adjusted PCB is installed inside a cabinet
After winding the coils also are wound by soft plastic made from two- sided PCB. Jointing of the PCB-
insulation tape. Transformer is installed on the main stuff is carefully soldered. P.A.s PCB may be
PCB. Two PCB square are installed at the sides of the soldered to the PCB stuff of the cabinet. At four
transformer. With help bare copper wire (1-millimeter or corners (up and down) of the cabinet a nuts M4 are
18-AWG diameter) the squares are soldered between soldered. To the nuts upper and low cover is
each other and soldered to the main PCB. Installation of fastened. Near the heat sink of the transistors (at
the transformers is shown on Figure 4. cabinet and at covers) are drilled ventilation holes
(3-4 millimeter in diameter). RF connector Input
The heat sink for the P.A.s transistors made from and toggle switches SSB/CW and OFF/ON are
aluminum H- stuff. It is possible to by such stuff at a installed at front panel. Connector Antenna and
household shop (such like Home Depot). Figure 5 shows DC power supply terminals are installed at back
the installation of RF-power transistor to the H-stuff. panel. Figure 7 shows the design of the P.A.
Figure 6 shows PCB for the P.A.
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ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Simple Broadband P.A.
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ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Simple Broadband P.A.
Home ferrite core made from a flat ferrite wound on a home made ferrite core made from a
flat ferrite. Such flat ferrite is used at some
The good results give transformers (Tp1, Tp2 and Tp3) transistor LW/MW radio.
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ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Simple Broadband P.A.
To make all three transformers it needs several such The device is very simple. It is an incandescent 40-
flat ferrites. I have bought a pile of the ferrites at a Watts bulb (or simple soldering iron) that is turn on into
scrap-radio shop by very nice price. the main. Any main -110 or 220-V works good,
however, main on 220-V works better the 110-V. Two
Flat ferrite is cut on to pieces then the pieces are glued probes with hard steels sewing needle are inserting in
on to needed shape. It is possible to cut the ferrite with one wire. To cut a ferrite it needs to mark the ferrite on
help a device shown on Figure 8. I cut ferrites having to cutting line by a lead pencil.
different shape (flat, round rod, toroid) with help of the
device.
(Note I.G.: Lead pencil is very important at the probes and be very careful. )
process. Try several pencils at a scrap ferrite to find
the pencil that helps cut the ferrite in the best way.) The needles are heat up at the process, so, use heat-
Turn on the cutting device in to the main. Touch by resistant stuff for the probes. After cutting several
the needles the graphite line. Gap between the ferrites the needles point should be sharpened or the
needles should be 1-2 millimeters. An arc going onto needles should be changed.
the graphite line will appear. The arc leaves a cavity
on to the line. Move the probes and do the cavity on to As usual a flat ferrite used at magnetic antenna of a
all mark line. Then break the ferrite on to the line. It transistor radio has length in 90 12- millimeters. At
needs some experiences, it needs very quick to break the case length for Tp1 is 1/3 from the length of the
this ferrite. ) ferrite. Length for Tp2 is 1/2 from the length of the
ferrite. Tp3 made like a double Tp2 or has the same
(Note I.G.: Be very careful because the PROBE IS design like a Tp2. Figure 9 shows design of the
SWITCH ON IN TO MAIN. Use good insulator for the transformers.
References:
2. Igor Grigorov . Antennas: Tuning and Adjusting.-
1. S.G. Bunin, L. P. Yajlenko. Reference Book for Moscow, Publishing House RadioSoft, 2002, ISBN:
Amateur Radio,- Kiev, Publishing House Tehnika. 5- 93037-087-7 (in Russian)
1978. (in Russian)
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ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Matching Circuit for Tube PA
The circuit has good efficiency at upper HF bands and This circuit works good with Russian vacuum tube like
good suppression of the high harmonics. GU50 (1000-V Anode, 100-mA plate current), GU29
(600-V Anode 180-mA plate current).
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 69
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 QRP Transceivers and PAs from
Book in English QRP Transceivers and PAs from QRP Transceivers and PAs from Accessible
Accessible Parts (*pdf), 38 pages is a translation Parts
of Russian Book QRP Transceivers and PAs
from Accessible Parts (*pdf), 28 pages. Russian
version was published by me (on my own expenses) Free e- book!
in 1991, in Belgorod, Russia. I had printed 2000
samples of the book. 38 pages, size 5- 1/2"x 8"
Of course, it was not a best paper used for the book Download!
as well as not a good quality of printing. The book
describes kits which my own company (Vibrissa)
http://www.antentop.org/library/
produced at the times. Naturally, the book was the
manual for the kits. Were produced 400 kits of TST But you, if you want, can do the equipment again. The
(Tube- Semi- conductor- Transceiver) near 50 of book contains copies of the PC- boards, manuals for
them were assembled by me for customers, 200 kits tuning. The equipment is really the equipment that
SQT (Semi- conductor- Quartz- Transceiver), near works great.
30 of them were assembled by me for customers,
200 kits of PA, near 60 were of them were English version has some corrections compare to
assembled by me for customers. Russian one. English version of the book is uploaded to
www.lulu.com
Well, 1991- 1995 years were very interesting in my so, you may buy a ready printed book.
life in Russia. For now I have only 5 samples of the
Russian book, other ones were sold. I have no Off course, feel you free to load and print the book (free)
boards for the transceivers and PAs. from www.antentop,org
.
Russian version of the book English version of the book
Technical Magazine
CQ- QRP- 3
From U- QRP-C
U- QRP- C was alive only 9 years, from 1986 to 1995.
At the times the club had managed lots deals. At first
were united QRPers from all former USSR. It was the
base for recently QRP Clubs of the former USSR- for
RU- QRP- C and for UR- QRP-C. At second, a new
amateur code 72 was accepted in the ham World due
to efforts of Oleg Borodin, former president of the U-
QRP-C. At third, 3 nice QRP- magazines were printed
out. One of the magazines, CQ- QRP # 3 is pasted to
AntenTop Library. The magazine is in Russian, but the
schematics are international understandable.
Regenerative RXs.
Vertical Antenna for 160-meters by RA3QJD. This nice and old nave- style magazine was made by
members of the U- QRP-C. Printed in Saransk, Russia.
DisCone for 160-meters Distributed by Sergey Pichurichkin by snail mail. Were
printed 200 samples of the magazine. One of them is
CW Transceiver for 20-meters mine
Tubes DC Transceiver
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ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 CQ- QRP- 02
Technical Magazine
CQ- QRP- 2
From U- QRP-C
U- QRP- C was alive only 9 years, from 1986 to 1995.
At the times the club had managed lots deals. At first
were united QRPers from all former USSR. It was the
base for recently QRP Clubs of the former USSR- for
RU- QRP- C and for UR- QRP-C. At second, a new
amateur code 72 was accepted in the ham World due
to efforts of Oleg Borodin, former president of the U-
QRP-C. At third, 3 nice QRP- magazines was printed
out. One of the magazines, CQ- QRP # 2 is pasted to
AntenTop Library. The magazine is in Russian, but the
schematics are international understandable.
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ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Radio Antenna Engineering
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ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Radio Antenna Engineering
The Electronic Edition
There's probably somewhere around 30 hours of work
Some time in January 2005, I decided to give up. invested in this project... scanning, re-scanning, writing
I figured I'd never be able to buy a copy of Radio Bash and Perl scripts to do things with the NETPBM
Antenna Engineering. I'd heard about it ever since software tools which would probably give their authors a
shortly after I got my amateur-radio license. I'd case of the screaming horrors, using The GIMP to clean
searched the Web for it, found numerous references, up the scans and extract the photographs for special
and found not a single used-book dealer who would processing, figuring out how to use GhostScript to
admit to having a copy or knowing where one might be create the PDF, creating the bookmarks and other PDF
obtained. It seemed to be frequently sought after, and markup request, proofreading, etc. The image-
not often available. I'd checked eBay, had seen processing steps alone required several hours of CPU-
precisely one copy offered, and had lost the auction crunching on a 2.4-gig P4 Celeron system, and heated
(after bidding a rather extravagant amount of money). up our den quite significantly.
I decided I'd have to "settle". Upon checking with my All in all, it was quite an interesting experience. The
city library, I found that although they didn't have a results are certainly less than perfect - some artifacts
copy, there were several universities and colleges in the from the scanning process remain - but even in its
state which did, and that I could check out a copy for current state I find the end product to be worthwhile. I
three weeks via a inter-library loan. At least I'd be able hope you do, as well.
to read it.
And, in one of those marvelous cosmic moments of
Then, the thought struck me - I have a flatbed scanner. irony, it turned out to be unnecessary (at least for me).
If I found the book to be interesting enough, I could After I finished scanning the library's copy and returned
scan the book and have an electronic record of the it, and before I got started on the image processing, I
book that I could consult. I could convert it to a won an eBay auction for a copy of the McGraw-Hill
standard, portable format (PDF) using various freely- printed edition in mint condition.
available software tools on Linux.
Paperback copies are now available
I could even give this electronic version to other
people... if it was legal to do so. I did a bunch of Beginning on 9/2/2005, perfect-bound trade-paperback
printed copies of Radio Antenna Engineering can be
research, and concluded that it was! See below for a
ordered via the print-on-demand publishing service at
discussion of the copyright issues involved.
www.lulu.com. The Lulu paperback edition has the
What I'm making available here, is the results of my same text and photographs as the freely-downloadable
efforts. The book is available in PDF format, complete "printer" version, but is optimized for the 6"-by-9"
with bookmarks for the chapters and sections, printing format and includes only a small single-page
appendices, and index. It has not been through an OCR edition of the appendix map. You can see the details
(optical character recognition) process: the text and line and place an order (if you wish) via
drawings and charts are in the form of 300 dpi http://www.lulu.com/content/159004
black&white scan images. This greatly reduces the risk This service is being offered as a convenience, for
of typographical errors or mis-transcriptions, but means those people who may not wish to go to the trouble of
that the text of the book is not searchable via electronic downloading and printing a hardcopy themselves. The
means. price you pay Lulu is for the printing and binding of the
book and cover - I'm not collecting a royalty and they're
I've actually created two different electronic versions. waiving their commission. With standard USPS
They differ only in the resolution and quality of the shipping, the total cost should be under $20 for U.S.
photographs. The "ebook" version has the photographs addresses, and this seems like a very fair price to me.
stored internally at a resolution of 150 pixels/inch, in
JPEG format, with moderate data reduction. The Copyright and distribution issues
"printer" version has the photographs stored at 300 dpi, Radio Antenna Engineering was published in 1952,
with less data reduction, using lossless "Flate" data and bears a copyright in the name of McGraw-Hill (the
compression - it's about 50% larger than the "ebook" publisher). Under the laws of that era, this initial
version. Most people won't notice the difference in copyright was valid for a term of 28 years, and expired
image quality. The only reason I'd suggest for in 1980. The copyright could be renewed in the last
downloading the "printer" version is if you have a really year of this initial term for a second term of 67 years.
good 1200-dot/inch (or better) printer, and want a really Under the laws then in effect, this renewal was not
high-quality printed version. automatic - the renewal had to be registered by the
copyright holder in a timely manner.
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ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Radio Antenna Engineering
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ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 CW Key That Never Have Been Smallest
Step 1
Wee need only three parts for the key- it is a stereo
connector (this one is used for connecting CW- Key at
YAESU), little knob and small piece of a tube shrink. If
you have not these items in your junk- box run to
local electronic store, it can provide these parts for
sure. Now, tin the leads of the knob and connector,
knob must sit hard on the connector, cut off
unnecessary leads.
Step 2
Step 3
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ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 CW Key That Never Have Been Smallest
Conclusion
See lat the key at my FT817. Everything is ready to
Air.
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ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Simple PIC- KEY
Figure 1 shows the schematic of Simple PIC-KEY Tapping of any buttons (at this case begin reproduction
from the taped button) or pressing the key do ending of
Functions of the Parts. reproduction
Holding buttons S1 S4 more the 1 second permits the
DA1: 5V- stabilizer; write to the Cluster.
DD1: Microcontroller; Tapping any buttons does the end of the writing.
DD2: Reprogrammable READ-ONLY Memory,
capacity 2048 bits: First variant of the key was not intended for high speed,
DA2: Clock generator for adjusting keying speed. however, LZ2ZK (WITH MY LITTLE HELP) made
R14, C11: Set Clock frequency for the DD1 (near 400- increasing of the speed up to 400-WPM (that is nice for
500-kHz, in the schematic WDT set in OFF). meteoric QSO).
VD1, VD2: Show mode of the key.
http://rx9cbi.narod.ru
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ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Simple PIC- KEY
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ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Transceiver SQT
http://www.antentop.org/009/qrp009.htm
Transceiver SQT differs from TST only by TX part, You know, that at RX/TX mode in the DC transceiver the
therefore main volume of the article will be devoted to generator should have shift 400- 800-Hz. Sometimes,
the TX part. Figure 1 shows the TX part of the SQT. when we down on the key of the SQT transceiver, we
Transceiver provides output RF power not less then 1 get the shift because changing mode of crystal oscillator.
Wtts. If we have not got reliable shift at the case, we may use
circuit shown in Figure 2. The circuit is switched of
Transmitter consists of from a crystal oscillator (made instead jumper and turn on to the RF-amplifier. At TX
on T1), PUSH- PULL amplifier (made on T2, T3). mode a current going through inductor coiled above
Transistor T4 provides keying of the Push- Pull ferrite that is changed the permeability of the ferrite. So,
amplifier. Crystal oscillator works both, in RX and TX we will have shift of the frequency at RX/TX. The shift is
mode. Through a coupling coil RF voltage going to depend on quantity turns switched instead jumper (1- 5)
capacitor C6 of RX (see article about TST). From and value of the resistor R*. It may be near 500- 5000-
value of R3 depends function of the RX. To much Ohms. Any ferrite with permeability 400- 2000 should be
value is going to low sensitivity, too low value is going used in the circuit. For example, it may be ferrite ring
to bad reception (with spurious channels of reception). with OD 7- 20-millimeter, ferrite road in 3- 8 mm diameter
As usual, R3 should be near 100 1000-Ohms. and 10-40 millimeter long. Wire in diameter of 0.1- 0.3-
Coupling coil has turns from L1. Data for L1C2 are millimeter (38AWG- 28AWG) should be okey for both
the same like for L1C1 from RX of the TST (see Table inductors. First winding ( to point 2) is coiled turn to
2 for TST article). turn, the second one ( to point 1) by pile-up.
If in serial with frequency- shift inductor an additional Figure 3 shows the circuit. Table 1 shows data for L3,
inductor plus capacitor is inserted, we will get circuit for TR1, TR3, C3, L2C9, RFC1, RFC2. Figure 4 shows
frequency shift of the quartz in limit near 10-kHz plus design of transformer for frequency shift circuit
circuit for frequency shift at RX/TX mode. (Figure 2, Figure 3). Figure 5 shows design L2.
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ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Transceiver SQT
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ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Transceiver SQT
Figure 3 Circuit for shift quartz frequency plus frequency sift RX/TX
Figure 5 Design L2
http://www.antentop.org/ Page 82
Transceiver SQT
ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010
RFC1, 300 250 200 180 150 150 120 120 100 ***
RFC2
T1, T2 20 17 14 12 11 10 10 8 8 ****
Note
* L2: First column is inductance in microHenry, the numbers of turns. Tap from center of the inductor. Inductor
must be made symmetrically. L2 for 160- 80 meters may be wound by wire in diameter 0.1- 0.2 mm (37- 32
AWG), for 40- 30 meters may be wound by wire in 0.25- 0.5 mm (30- 24 AWG), for 20- 10 meters may be
wound by wire in diameter 0.5- 0.8 mm (24- 20 AWG). L2 for bands 1.8- 3.5 MHz is wound on Russian
Resistor WS-2, for 7- 28 MHz is wound on Russian Resistor WS1. Resistance for the resistors should be
more than 51-k
**L3: First column is inductance in microHenry, the numbers of turns. L3 for 160- 80 meters may be wound by
wire in diameter 0.1- 0.2 mm (37- 32 AWG), for 40- 10 meters may be wound by wire in 0.25- 0.5 mm (30- 24
AWG). L3 for bands 1.8- 3.5 MHz is wound on Russian Resistor MLT-2, for 7- 28 MHz is wound on
Russian Resistor MLT-1. Resistance for the resistors should be more than 27-k
***RFC1, RFC2: Coiled by pile- up on Russian Resistor WS- 0.5 by wire in diameter 0.1- 0.2 mm (37- 32
AWG).
WS- 0.5 (sizes: diameter 5.5-mm, length 26-mm)
****T1, T2: Coiled by two twisted wires (1 turn to 1 centimeter) by wire in diameter 0.25- mm (30- AWG). Core
ferrite ring with OD 7 20-millimeters (not critical), with permeability 100- 1000 (not critical). Figure 6 shows the
design of the transformer.
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ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Transceiver SQT
Transistors
Resistors:
VT1: Small power NPN bipolar RF transistor (250-
R1: 39 k/ 0.25 W* (27- 100 k) mWtts/250-MHz)
R2: 8.2 k/ 0.25 W* (5.1- 10 k) VT2, VT3: Middle power NPN bipolar RF transistor (1-
R3: 560 Ohm/ 0.25 W* (100-Ohms-1k) Wtts/250-MHz) *
R4, R5: 220 Ohm/ 0.25 W* (51- 300-Ohms-1k) VT4: Middle power Switch PNP transistor (Ic not less
R6, R7: 3.9 k/ 0.25 W* (2.2 - 10 k) the 0.2-A)
Do not down the key too long because VT2, VT3 may
be overheated. If quartz is too active, switch in serial
with it a resistor in 15-100 Ohm.
Old Crystal
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ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Transceiver SQT
If you have quartz with frequency a bit high what you To move the frequency up follows next steps.
need you may move the frequency a little down. Mark
the quartz with smooth pencil, measure the frequency, 1. To take out quartz from the holder.
mark again (if frequency not low enough) or remove line
carefully with rubber (if frequency is too low). Depend 2. Remove silver plating (if it is) from the quartz. I did
on quartz you may move the frequency up to 20 kHz it with fresh solution of iron chloride.
down
3. Make the holder for quartz shown on Figure 7.
4. Put the quartz plate in to the holder. 8. Repeat item 6 if the frequency of the quartz is lower
5. Measure the frequency of the quartz. the needed one
6. If the frequency is lower the needed one, carefully 9. When the needed frequency is got, put the quartz
rub the quartz plate on very tiny glass-paper. It is into holder, make little cavity (with help of a small
possible to rub quartz with some kind of abrasive broach file) on the side of the holder, then put epoxy
paste. into the cavity. Figure 8 shows the closed holder.
7. Measure the frequency of the quartz.
Note: Be careful when work with quartz plate. Quartz You will be surprised when find off that each pieces of
plate is fragile, it may be broken at fall down or at too the quartz plate may be used in quartz generator.
high tightened of the screw in the holder. Quartz may Having some experience you may cut big quartz plate
go off generation when the screw in the holder tight too (I have used for this sharp broach file, good result are
much. Do not worry if the quartz plate is split up on obtain with diamond glazier) on to 4-6 and ever 8
several pieces. working crystals!
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ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Transceiver SQT
Design SQT
Figure 10 (page 88- 89) shows the parts of the cabinet
Transceiver made right to the drawing works well and with recommended sizes. Figure 11 shows PCB for TX
is easy to tuning. Figure 9 (page 87) shows the design part of the SQT. Assembly and Tuning SQT is similar to
of the Transceiver SQT. Cabinet made from PCB-stuff. those ones for TST
B. Positions of parts
A. Layout
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ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Transceiver SQT
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ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Transceiver SQT
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ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Transceiver SQT
If a crystal used at SQT transmitter is enough active, it radio- amateurs bands. Figure 12 shows corrections
is possible to build the SQT for two and ever for three needed to make work the SQT at 2 or 3 Bands.
A. TX - part
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ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Transceiver SQT
B. RX - part
Corrections at TX board: Some quartz may not work well at second harmonic
but work well at third. RF power at multi- range
L1C1 is tuned to higher frequency. C3 is chosen for variant on the high harmonics as usual less in 2- 5
stable oscillation of the crystal at main, second and times compare to one- band transceiver. RF power
(if it is possible) third harmonic. Switch S1 takes at main harmonic may be less in two times compare
capacitor for tuning L1C1 to resonance. Coupling to one- band transceiver.
coil to PA has the same numbers of turns as
coupling coil to RX. Transformers T1 and T2 have Corrections at RX board:
turns for middle or high band of the multi-band TST.
For example, for SQT working on 40-20-15 meter, L1C1 is tuned to higher frequency. Switch S1 takes
there are used T1 and T2 for 20 meters. For SQT capacitor for tuning L1C1 to resonance. RF amplifier
working on 40-20 meter, there are used T1 and T2 has broad-band output. Transformer T1 has the same
for 20 meters. numbers of turn in the first winding as transformer T1
in multi- band SQT. The second winding has in twice
Broadband transformer T4 (instead resonance tank less turn compare to the first winding. Core for T1
L2C9) is installed at the PA. T4 has numbers of (used in multi- band RX) is the same as for T1 used in
turns and coiled wire equal to T1/T2 of the TST. SQT. PCB for the version is without changing, the
However, the transformer made by three- winded new parts are installed by common sense.
wire, 1 turn per 1 centimeter. PCB for the version is
without changing, the new parts are installed by Figure 13 shows design of the multi-band SQT. The
common sense. design differs from one- band SQT only by new-
installed miniature switch (item 8).
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ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Transceiver SQT
Two Bands SQT with PA for second harmonic The coils may be placed close to the cold end
of the L1. Tap from L1 may be taken from 1/5-
1/3 turns from the cold end.
It is necessary to notice that tuning the two/three Serial tanks L2C2 (tuned to 14-MHz) and L3C3
bands SQT (described above) is not a piece of pie. An (tuned to 7-MHz) may considerable to clean
oscilloscope plus experience are required for this deal. output signal on 14-MHz. However, the circuits
However, if you have a ready one band SQT, you may should be used only if you can see the shape of
turn it to the two bands SQT described below. Figure the signal at input/output item 3. Inappropriate
14 (page 92) shows schematic for two bands SQT. tuning of the two circuit may make worse the
shape of the output signal at 14-MHz. Data for
Figure 14 Schematic for two bands SQT. the circuit may be taken from one band SQT.
It is wise to build 7/14-MHz SQT. So, there are Value of the resistors R*1 and R*2 should be
described such SQT. You may design you own SQT pick up at real design of the transceiver. R*1 is
for another bands using the description. influenced on to RX- sensitivity and noise level,
R*2 is influenced on to power at TX mode. The
7/14 MHz SQT consists of (see Figure 14): adjusting are depended so you mat need to try
different nominal for both resistors several times.
1. TX for 7- MHz that was described above However the tuning is not hard to do.
(SQT).
2. Doubler 7/14-MHz. The doubler is made on 3. PA for 14-MHz. It is board for 14-MHz
T5, VD1, VD2. Transformer T5 is similar to T4 without a crystal. Signal from the 7/14-MHz
(Figure 12). VD1, VD2- any high speed diodes doubler goes to the transistor VT1 base.
that can stand 50-mA/50-V. Resonator tank
L1C1is tuned to 14-MHz, data for the circuit RX for the transceiver is to similar of 7/14-MHz RX
may be taken from one- band SQT. Coupling from previous paragraph (Two/Three Bands SQT).
coils for RX and TX are contained numbers
of turn from main coil L1. Figure 15 shows view of the two bands SQT.
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ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Transceiver SQT
Position 7-MHz: Antenna is turned off from PA-board Position 7-MHz: Additional capacitor is switched on
14-MHz. at input filter at RX- board (Figure 14).
Position 14-MHz: RF power from PA-board 14-MHz Position 14-MHz: Opened Switch.
goes to antenna.
Figure 17 shows the position of the switches at
DPDT.
73/72! I.G.
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PO Vilma
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ANTENTOP- 01- 2008, # 010 Logos of ex- USSR Electronics Factories
ANTENTOP is FREE e- magazine, made in PDF, I do not know, why the owners do not response me.
devoted to antennas and amateur radio. Everyone Are they still alive? Do their companys are a
may share his experience with others hams on the bankrupt? Or do they move anywhere? Where they
pages. Your opinions and articles are published are in the end?
without any changes, as I know, every your word has
the mean. I have a big collection of pictures, I have got the pictures
in others way, from FREE websites, from commercial
A little note, I am not a native English, so, of CDs, intended for FREE using, and so on... I use to the
course, there are some sentence and grammatical pictures (and seldom, some stuff from closed websites)
mistakes there Please, be indulgent! in ANTENTOP. If the owners still are alive and have the
right, please, contact with me, I immediately remove any
Publishing: If you have something for share with Copyright stuff, or, necessary references will be made
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me an email. Also, if you want to offer for publishing
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commercial magazine. Authors and I (Igor Grigorov,
Copyright: Here, at ANTENTOP, we just follow the editor of the magazine) do not receive any profit from
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ANTENTOP may be photocopied, printed, pasted magazine in most great way, allows to pay some money
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It comes from all of us, and thus it belongs to all of interesting stuff in Russian, and owners of the stuff
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There is! Any work is copyrighted by the author. All enough time to translate the interesting stuff in English,
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