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    A Scientific Note On The ITS-1 Region of Apis Mellifera Subspecies

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    Iordache Ovidiu
    The document summarizes a scientific note on the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA in Apis mellifera honeybee subspecies. Key findings include: - The ITS-1 region was 132 base pairs, one of the smallest known in bees. It was identical in sequence in 8 of the 10 A. mellifera subspecies studied but differed in 2 subspecies. - The homogeneity of the ITS-1 region results from concerted evolution leading to homogenization of rDNA copies within a species. In contrast, more sequence divergence exists in mitochondrial DNA between subspecies. - The ITS-1 region is unlikely to be useful for distinguishing

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    A Scientific Note On The ITS-1 Region of Apis Mellifera Subspecies

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    Iordache Ovidiu
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    The document summarizes a scientific note on the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA in Apis mellifera honeybee subspecies. Key findings include: - The ITS-1 region was 132 base pairs, one of the smallest known in bees. It was identical in sequence in 8 of the 10 A. mellifera subspecies studied but differed in 2 subspecies. - The homogeneity of the ITS-1 region results from concerted evolution leading to homogenization of rDNA copies within a species. In contrast, more sequence divergence exists in mitochondrial DNA between subspecies. - The ITS-1 region is unlikely to be useful for distinguishing

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    The document summarizes a scientific note on the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA in Apis mellifera honeybee subspecies. Key findings include: - The ITS-1 region was 132 base pairs, one of the smallest known in bees. It was identical in sequence in 8 of the 10 A. mellifera subspecies studied but differed in 2 subspecies. - The homogeneity of the ITS-1 region results from concerted evolution leading to homogenization of rDNA copies within a species. In contrast, more sequence divergence exists in mitochondrial DNA between subspecies. - The ITS-1 region is unlikely to be useful for distinguishing

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    28 views4 pages

    A Scientific Note On The ITS-1 Region of Apis Mellifera Subspecies

    Uploaded by

    Iordache Ovidiu
    The document summarizes a scientific note on the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA in Apis mellifera honeybee subspecies. Key findings include: - The ITS-1 region was 132 base pairs, one of the smallest known in bees. It was identical in sequence in 8 of the 10 A. mellifera subspecies studied but differed in 2 subspecies. - The homogeneity of the ITS-1 region results from concerted evolution leading to homogenization of rDNA copies within a species. In contrast, more sequence divergence exists in mitochondrial DNA between subspecies. - The ITS-1 region is unlikely to be useful for distinguishing

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    of 4

    Apidologie 38 (2007) 378379 Available online at:

    
    c INRA/DIB-AGIB/ EDP Sciences, 2007 www.apidologie.org
    DOI: 10.1051/apido:2007015
    Scientific note

    A scientific note on the ITS-1 region of Apis mellifera subspecies*

    a , Stefan Fb , Jos Sa
    Pilar De La R

    a rea de Biologa Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Apdo. 4021, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
    b Institut fuer Bienenkunde, J.W. Goethe-Universitaet Frankfurt-am-Main, Karl von Frisch-Weg 2, 61440 Oberursel,
    Germany

    Received 9 March 2006 Revised 9 February 2007 Accepted 5 March 2007

    Apis mellifera / honeybee subspecies / ITS-1 region / DNA sequence / molecular markers

    Several molecular markers have being widely subspecies (Fernandes-Salomo et al., 2005) to 289
    used in insect molecular systematics in the last bp in Bombus lapidarius (Ji et al., 2003). The
    20 years; among them nuclear DNA markers as the G+C content (21.6%) was similar to that found in
    internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) of the Drosophila melanogaster (i.e. 27%, Tautz et al.,
    nuclear rDNA (revision in Caterino et al., 2000). 1988) but in contrast, it was dierent to that ob-
    The sequence of these regions, which lie between served in Melipona in which it varies from 49
    functional 18S, 5.8S and 28S ribosomal genes, to 54%. This A-T richness of the ITS sequence
    has proven suitable for phylogenetic studies at the can be explained by processes as biased occur-
    species and intraspecific levels due to the fact that rence or fixation of point mutations. The presence
    they are relatively free from selective constraints of microsatellite loci located within the ITS-1 re-
    and correspondingly accumulate sequence dier- gion is well documented in many organisms (see
    ences rapidly. The sequence variation of this marker Harris and Crandall, 2000 for rationale) and has
    has been characterized in several genera within also been observed in Melipona subspecies, in the
    the order Hymenoptera as in Ageniaspis (lvarez form of repeated elements of one to four nucleotides
    and Hoy, 2002) and in Tetranychus (Navajas et al., (Fernandes-Salomo et al., 2005). Despite the vari-
    1998) and also it has been applied to phylogenetic ation found in these regions, the ITS-1 region had
    analysis in Melipona species (Fernandes-Salomo the same sequence in eight of the ten mellifera
    et al., 2005). Although the size of the ITS-1 re- subspecies studied and diered only in two, A.
    gion was determined by Sheppard and McPheron m. scutellata and A. m. intermissa, with exhibit a
    (1991) to 132 bp in a sample of Apis mellifera from southern and northern African distribution, respec-
    Argentina, nothing is published regarding sequence tively.
    characteristics. Therefore, we characterized the se-
    quence of the internal transcribed region (ITS-1) The homogeneity observed in the ITS-1 region
    and evaluated its potential usefulness for phyloge- of the honeybee presumably results from the pro-
    netic and population studies among subspecies of cess of concerted evolution leading to a homog-
    A. mellifera. enization of the rDNA copies within a species.
    The ITS-1 region was PCR-amplified (Ji et al., Vogler and DeSalle (1994) hypothesized that the
    2003) in ten subspecies of Apis mellifera (Gen- homogenization proceeds more eciently within a
    Bank accession numbers DQ195225DQ195236) single chromosome than among dierent chromo-
    (see material online at http://www.apidologie.org). somes, which is in congruence with the observa-
    It had a size of 132 bp, one of the smallest ITS- tions of Beye and Moritz (1993) concerning the
    1 regions known so far in bees. In other Apidae location of the rDNA copies in only two chromo-
    this region varies from 13871417 bp in Melipona somes of the chromosomal set of the honeybee (n =
    16). In contrast, a considerable amount of sequence
    Corresponding author: P. De La Ra, divergence in the mitochondrial DNA molecule ex-
    pdelarua@um.es ists within Apis mellifera, which has being widely
    * Manuscript editor: Walter S. Sheppard used to establish the phylogenetic relationships

    Article published by EDP Sciences and available at http://www.apidologie.org


    or http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/apido:2007015
    Eects of oxalic acid and rotenone 379

    among the A. mellifera subspecies (Garnery et al., Beye M., Moritz R.F.A. (1993) In situ hybridization of rDNA
    1992; Arias and Sheppard, 1996; De la Ra et al., on chromosomes of the honeybee, Apis mellifera L.,
    Experientia 49, 337338.
    2005 and references therein). These results sug-
    gest that suitable molecular markers may vary no- Caterino M.S., Cho S., Sperling F.A.H. (2000) The current
    tably within the order Hymenoptera. Each poten- state of insect molecular systematics: a thriving tower of
    Babel, Annu. Rev. Entomol. 45, 154.
    tial marker has to be carefully evaluated to test its
    suitability for phylogenetic or population use within De La Ra P., Hernndez-Garca R., Jimnez Y., Galin J.,
    particular taxa. In the case of Apis mellifera we con- Serrano J. (2005) Biodiversity of Apis mellifera iber-
    ica (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from north-eastern Spain as-
    clude that the ITS-1 region is unlikely to be useful at sessed by mitochondrial analysis, Insect Syst. Evol. 36,
    the subspecific level. Detailed analyses of the ITS-2 2128.
    region will provide a more complete resolution of
    Fernandes-Salomo T.M., Rocha R.B., Campos L.A.O.,
    the sequence variation of the intergenic transcribed Arajo E.F. (2005) The first internal transcribed spacer
    spacers of honeybee rDNA. (ITS-1) of Melipona species (Hymenoptera, Apidae,
    Meliponini): characterization and phylogenetic analysis,
    Insect. Soc. 52, 1118.
    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
    Garnery L., Cornuet J.M., Solignac M. (1992) Evolutionary
    The authors wish to thank the financial sup- history of the honey bee Apis mellifera inferred from mi-
    tochondrial DNA analysis, Mol. Ecol. 1, 145154.
    port of the projects BOS2003-09765 and API06-
    010COORD-2 and the Program Ramn y Cajal of Harris D.J., Crandall K.A. (2000) Intragenomic varia-
    the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science. tion within ITS-1 and ITS2 of freshwater crayfishes
    (Decapoda: Cambaridae): implications for phylogenetic
    and microsatellite studies, Mol. Biol. Evol. 17, 284291.
    Note scientifique sur la rgion ITS-1 chez les Ji Y.J., Zhang D.X., He L.J. (2003) Evolutionary conserva-
    sous-espces dApis mellifera. tion and versatility of a new set of primers for amplifying
    the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions
    in insects and other invertebrates, Mol. Ecol. Notes 3,
    Zusammenfassung Eine wissenschaftliche No- 581585.
    tiz ber die ITS-1 Region der Unterarten von Navajas M., Lagnel J., Gutierrez J., Boursot P. (1998) Species-
    Apis mellifera. wide homogenetity of nuclear ribosomal ITS2 sequences
    in the spider mite Tetranychus urticae contrast with ex-
    tensive mitochondrial COI polymorphism, Heredity 80,
    742752.

    REFERENCES Sheppard W.S., McPheron B.A. (1991) Ribosomal DNA di-


    versity in Apidae, in: D. Smith R. (Ed.), Diversity in the
    genus Apis, Westview Press, Oxford, pp. 89102.
    lvarez J.M., Hoy M.A. (2002) Evaluation of the riboso-
    mal ITS2 DNA sequences in separating closely related
    Tautz D., Hancock M., Webb D.A. (1988) Complete sequence
    populations of the parasitoid Ageniaspis (Hymenoptera:
    of the rRNA genes of Drosophila melanogaster, Mol.
    Encyrtidae), Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 95, 250256.
    Biol. Evol. 5, 366376.
    Arias M.C., Sheppard W.S. (1996) Molecular phylogenetics
    of honeybee subspecies (Apis mellifera L.) inferred from Vogler A.P., DeSalle R. (1994) Evolution and phylogenetic in-
    mitochondrial DNA sequence, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 5, formation content of the ITS-1 region in the tiger beetle
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    Figure 1. Sequence alignment of the partial 18S, complete ITS-1 and partial 5.8S sequence of the ten A.
    mellifera subspecies. Gaps are indicated by hyphens and identical nucleotides by dots. An asterisk indicates
    the location of the repeated unit.
    Figure 1. Continued.

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