PATHO2 1.2 Immunopathology
PATHO2 1.2 Immunopathology
PATHO2 1.2 Immunopathology
Immunopathology 2 00
Dr. Joselli c. Rueda-Cu July 26- 28, 2011
Fig. 5. This is the so-called "nucleolar pattern" of staining in which the bright
fluorescence is seen within the nucleoli of the Hep2 cells. This pattern is more
suggestive of progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma).
Fig 7. Histologically, the skin of a patient with SLE may demonstrate a vasculitis
and dermal chronic inflammatory infiltrates, as seen here. Vasculitis with
autoimmune disease (Often related to deposition of antigen-antibody
complexes) can occur in many different organs and can lead to the often confusing
signs and symptoms of patients with rheumatic diseases.
Fig. 6. Here is the famous "LE cell" test which has value only in demonstrating how
the concept of autoantibodies works. The pink blobs are denatured nuclei. Here are
two, with one seen being phagocytosed in the center by a PMN. This test is not
nearly as sensitive as the ANA which has supplanted the LE cell test. Therefore,
NEVER order an LE cell test.
LYMPHOPENIA
Predominantly caused by selective loss of the CD4+ helper T-
cell subset
DECREASED T-CELL FUNCTION IN VIVO
Preferential loss of activated and memory T-cells
Decreased delayed-type hypersensitivity
Susceptibility to opportunistic infections and to neoplasm
ALTERED T-CELL FUNCTION IN VITRO
Decreased proliferative response to mitogens, alloantigens,
and soluble antigens
Decreased cytotoxicity
Decreased helper function for B-cell antibody production
Decreased IL-2 and IFN-y production
POLYCLONAL B-CELL ACTIVATION
Hypergammaglobulinemia and circulating immune complexes
Fig 14. Mechanism of HIV entry into host cell Inability to mount de novo antibody response to new antigens
Poor responses to normal B- cell activation signals in vitro
ALTERED MONOCYTE OR MACROPHAGE FUNCTIONS
Decreased chemotaxis and phagocytosis
Decreased class II HLA expression
Diminished capacity to present antigen to T-cells