Efficiency and Effectiveness in The Public Sector

EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS
IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR
Abstract:
The public sector is part of the economic and administrative life that deals
with the supply of goods and services to the population. In public sector efficiency
is measured by the satisfaction level of the population. For an institution to become
effective, it is imperative that employees be effective in the work that they
perform. Efficiency is characterized by the ratio between effort and results.
Discipline, competence, timeliness, organization and accountability of public
institutions by public officials in addressing the needs of citizens are essential for
effective development. The effectiveness and efficiency should be key criteria for
the selection of civil servants.
In the growing global needs of citizens grow and lack of efficacy of public
institutions will lead to a bad relationship between institutions and citizens and a
slowdown development in economic, technological, educational, etc. It is
important that public servants have the capacity to take decisions and to assume
these decisions for the effectiveness of their work. Also important is their ability to
meet deadlines.
1
Introduction:
In the public sector, the emphasis is on processing applications rather than
on efficiency and resources used in the process. Overall efficiency is analyzed in
the private sector and too little in the public sector. One explanation for this could
be that public administration has a low profitability, although aimed at a high
degree of satisfaction of citizens. "By accepting in certain sectors considerate
public, private economic agents as providers of public goods and services, it can be
spoken about competition and performance in the public sector."1
To tackle the work in the public sector in terms of the concept of efficiency
is necessary efficiency to be understood and considered both as a result of the
influence of economic factors and as a consequence of the influence of political,
cultural, judicial and human factor, because, in fact, "human resources are the
underlying success or failure"2
Performance analysis of an organization involves establishing a relationship

between the results, means and objectives, namely approach is needed in terms of
effectiveness, efficiency and budgeting 3
2
Efficient and effective management must take into account the following
elements: public sector transparency, separation of administrative leadership
political leadership, respect for democracy and human rights, permanent training of
civil servants, financial accountability, social responsibility.
Management efficiency in public institutions in

Romania
"Public management is a set of processes and management relations well
defined between components of the administrative system through which public
power, bring out laws and / or plans, organizes, coordinates, manages and controls
the activities involved the delivery of services that meet the public interest "4.
Although public management is a new area of management science is

absolutely necessary to give the perception and treatment of old administrative
system and public institutions, as device administrative bureaucracy is being
developed rules, regulations, laws and they are applied and the transition to new
general principles of public management, which every public by pursuing public
managers with performance management, and increasing satisfaction of public
interest and the specific social needs.
Public institutions are all organized structures created in society public

affairs. Public institutions, in the sense of bureaucratic, represent the only way to
organize social - economic the state can cope Modernity challenges (high
population number, diversity and complexity needs why be satisfied human). The
objective is a public institution serving the public interest.5
3
The mission and objectives of management communication are linked with
organizational change and the environment in which the organization features.
Effective public relations manager must be in permanent contact with the public
organization.
Current functioning of public institutions does not allow timeliness because

of bureaucracy. Bureaucracy is the main cause of delay directing all acts by
management. The circuit acts is very long and difficult. Any act arrives first at the
president of the Institute, after being registered at the registry office. He distributes
subordinates to resolve, depending on their nature, and considering the
organizational and responsibilities to subordinates. Efficiency is determined by the
allotted time, money and resources used to resolving any request.
In the private sector, efficiency is much easier to measure because of

profitability. In the public sector the profitability is not exist, and the only way to
measure the efficiency is with the request resolved.
A public manager should know that social effects are very difficult to
determine and cannot be predicted. Managers in the public sector develop short-
term decisions. Medium or long-term decisions are almost nonexistent. Managers
of public institutions ignore efficiency perspective.
The efficiency of public institutions depends on work efficiency of civil

servants. For its work to be effective, the employee must have specific training.
Efficiency means discipline and competence, safety and certainty, organization and
responsibility, from public institutions to solve problems and needs of citizens.
The fundamental objective of involving the public management holders of

public posts and functions of management and execution in this area added
responsibility in managing all categories of public sector resources available,
4
namely human resources, information, material and financial. These are used in
management and execution processes of public institutions needs social and
therefore fundamental goal of public management.
The conclusion is that lack of efficiency of public sector management, It

occurs due to poverty, corruption, low salaries of public sector employers, small
funds allocated from the central budget to local budgets, poor training of civil
servants, misunderstandings between authorities, lack of information to citizens.
It requires public managers focusing on human resource performance,

growth that will clearly influence financial and material resource efficiency and
overall efficiency of public institutions and authorities.
Many foreign experts believe that there can be effective without effective
because "it is more important to realize well what you have proposed -
effectiveness - better than you realize something else - efficiency"6.
Efficacy is an attribute of man rooted in personality, knowledge, reason civil

servants, but also in their relations. Effectiveness and efficiency are essential and
indispensable characteristics of the work of civil servants.
Efficiency and effectiveness cannot exist separately. The efficiency can be

calculated as the ratio of size effects and efforts:
e = E/
e - efficient
E - effects (results) achieved
- efforts, resources consumed
5
The efficacy directly influences efficiency, in particular the personnel.
Measuring the performance of a public organization is defined by aspects of how

the human resources, materials are used to achieve the objectives of that
organization, and the expectations and satisfaction with the services provided to
beneficiaries. This process is a set of activities conducted by the human resources
of an organization, aimed at continuous improvement of specific activities by
assessing and quantifying results and armory in order to optimize them and achieve
goals.
Trying to improve the quality and efficiency related report, related to the
cost of providing public services needed by the government, has led to the
development of a series of tools based on studies, researches compared. Thus for
measuring efficiency and establish a price - quality ratio as small, public
administration is required to use some methods from the private sector or other
international organizations, to achieve a more efficient activity. This can be
achieved by using a method for comparative analysis that is used as a measure of
effectiveness, compliance with the principles of performance measurement.
Benchmarking is a form of comparative analysis, which focuses mainly on
performance. In other words benchmarking is "a performance or a functional
object that allows to achieve an excellent level of quality achievements, cost and
speed. It is necessary that the product or service to be measured against, a process,
product or service recognized as the best in the world. "7
Conclusion
6
Simplification of legislative and regulations,
procedures and processes, simplification of administrative forms, Circuit

simplification documents for approval could help for efficiency and effectiveness
in public institutions. An electronic administration would help a lot.
It should be encouraged and the involvement of civil society, non-

governmental organizations since the early stages of developing proposals for laws
to be drafted monthly bulletin government comprising the major proposals
announced in preparatory meetings for the meetings of the Government and to be
improved "ethical standards "transparency and integrities decisions involving
budgetary expenditure.
Among the most important administrative system failures are:

orientation towards spending rather than results;
slow evolution of the system, inert and incapable of adapting to changes from
citizens and beyond;
reluctance to involve citizens in decision-making;
high corruption.
Among the negative things seized from the analysis, and not only remember
the corruption that often underlie the appointment to positions of high public
officials.
Another negative official function unfriendly exercise is represented by this
group affiliation representatives from political parties, from which we can easily
understand why a change of Government and occupants of senior officials
positions.
REFERENCES
7
1. Sorina Dana Veiss , Effectivenes in the public sector 2012
2.. Bonnet, Fr., Management de l'administration, Paris, De Boeck Universit, 1993, p. 47
3. Profiroiu, M., Managementul organizaiilor publice, Bucureti, Editura Economic, 2001, p.8.
4. Androniceanu, Armenia (2006) Management public, Editura Universitar, Bucureti, www.biblioteca-
digitala.ase.ro
5.Lucrare de doctorat, Iliuta Neagu, Sibiu 2008
6.P Drucker
7. Virgil Popa, Managementul i Msurarea Performanei Organizaiei,EdituraValahia University Press,

Bucureti, 2005, p. 12

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EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS

IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR

Performance analysis of an organization involves establishing a relationship

Management efficiency in public institutions in

Although public management is a new area of management science is

Public institutions are all organized structures created in society public

Current functioning of public institutions does not allow timeliness because

In the private sector, efficiency is much easier to measure because of

The efficiency of public institutions depends on work efficiency of civil

The fundamental objective of involving the public management holders of

The conclusion is that lack of efficiency of public sector management, It

It requires public managers focusing on human resource performance,

Efficacy is an attribute of man rooted in personality, knowledge, reason civil

Efficiency and effectiveness cannot exist separately. The efficiency can be

E - effects (results) achieved

- efforts, resources consumed

Measuring the performance of a public organization is defined by aspects of how

procedures and processes, simplification of administrative forms, Circuit

It should be encouraged and the involvement of civil society, non-

Among the most important administrative system failures are:

2.. Bonnet, Fr., Management de l'administration, Paris, De Boeck Universit, 1993, p. 47

7. Virgil Popa, Managementul i Msurarea Performanei Organizaiei,EdituraValahia University Press,

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