INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 2062
Second edition
1993-10-01
Corrected and reprinted
1995-03-1 5

Textiles- Varns from packages -

Determination of single-end breaking force
and elongation at break

-
Textiles Fils sur enroulements - Dtermination de la force de rupture
et I'allongement la rupture du fi! individuel

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-- Reference number
ISO 2062:1993(E)
INTERNATIONAL 5TANDARD ISO 2062:1993(E)

Textiles - Varns from packages - Determination of

single-end breaking force and elongation at break

1 Scope NOTE 2 A method for the testing of glass yarns is given

in ISO 3341 :1984, Textile glass - Yarns- Determfnation
of breaking force and breaking elongation.
1.1 This International Standard specifies methods
for the determination of the breaking force and elon- 1.5 This International Standard is applicable to yarns
gation at break of textile yarns taken from packages. from packages but can be applied to yarns extracted
Four methods are given: from fabrics, subject to agreement between the in-
terested parties.
- A: manual; specimens are taken directly from
conditioned packages; 1.6 It is intended for the single-end (single-strand)
testing of yarns.
- B: automatic; specimens are taken directly from
conditioned packages; NOTE3 The skein method of testing is given in
ISO 6939:1988, Textiles - Yarns from packages - Method
- C: manual; relaxed test skeins are used after cc.Jf)- of test for breaking strength of yarn by the skein method.
ditioning;

- D: manual; specimens are used a(ter wetting. 2 Normative references

1.2 Method C should be used in cases of dispute The following standards contain provisioris which,
regarding elongation at break of the yam. through reference in this text, constitute provisions
of this International Standard. At the time of publi-
NOTE1 Methods A. 8 and C are expected to give the cation, the editions indicated were valid. Ali standards
same results for yarn strength but method C may give are subject to revision, and parties to agreements
somewhat truer (and higher) values of elongation than A or based on this International Standard are encouraged
B. Method D is likely to give results differing, for both to investigate the possibility of applying the most re-
breaking force and elongation at break, from t:-Jose obtained cent editions of the standards indicated below.
by method A. 8 or C. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of cur-
, rently valid International Standards.
1.3 This International Standard specifies methods
using constant rate of specimen extension (CRE)
ISO 139:1973, Texti/es - Standard atmospheres for
conditioning and testing.
tensile testers. Testing on the now obsolete constant
rate of travei (CRT)and constant rate of loading (CRl) ISO 2060:-1), Textiles - Yarn frem packages - De-
instruments is covered, for information, in annex A,
termination of linear density (mass per unit /ength) by
in recognition of the fact that these instruments are the skein method.
still popular and may be used by agreement.

1.4 Tl1is International Standard applies to ali types 3 Definitions

of yarn except glass yarns, elastomeric yarns, aramid
yarns, ceramic yarns, carbon yarns and polyolefin tape For the purposes of this International Standard, the
yarns. following definitions apply.

1) To be published. (Revision of ISO 2060:1972)

1
ISO 2062:1993(E)

3.1 breaking force (load):Maximumforce applied b) The constant rate of displacement of the moving
to a specimen in a tensile test carriedto rupture. For clamp shall be 500 mm/min or 250 mm/min, to an
yarns. it is preferablyexpressed in centinewtons. accuracy of :I: 2 %, with higher rates being per-
mitted for automatic testers on agreement.
3.2 elongation at break: Increase in length of a
specimen produced by the breaking force. It is ex- c) The maximum error of the indicated force shall not
pressed as a percentage of the original nominal exceed 2 % of the true force.
length.
d) The teste r may be of the manual or automatic
3.3 breaking tenacity: Ratio of a yarn's breaking type.
force to its lineardensity. It is usually expressedin
centinewtonsper tex. e) The clamps for gripping the specimens shall pre-
vent slipping or cutting of the specimens and
3.4 constant rate of specimen extension (CRE) breaks at the jaws. Flat-faced unlined jaws shall
tester: Testing machine in which one end of the be the normal type but. if these cannot prevent
specimen is held in a virtually stationary clamp and the slippage, then other types of clamp may be used
other end is gripped in a clamp that is driven at a on agreement, such as lined jaws. bollard clamps
constant speed. A suitable system is provided for de- or other types of snubbing device. As the type of
tecting and recording the force applied and the elon- clamp may influence the reading of the elongation.
gation. ali parties shall use the same type.

3.5 clamp: That part of a tensile testing machine f) The tester shall be equipped with an autographic
used to grip the specimen by means of suitable jaws. force/elongation recording device of sufficiently
fast response. or with a system directly recording
3.6 jaws: Those elements of a clamp which grip the the breaking force and elongation at break.
specimen.
g) The teste r shall be capable of setting a pretension
3.7 gauge length: Length of the specimen meas- either by means of a set of pretensioning weights
ured between the points of attachment to clamps or by the use of the force-measuring device.
while under tension. In bollard or capstan clamps. it
is the distance between their gripping points. meas- 5.2 Reei. for preparing test skeins from the labora-
ured along the path of the yam. tory sample (for methods C and D).

3.8 package: Length of yarn in a form suitable for

use. handling. storing, etc. Packagesr can be sup- 5.3 Swift. or similar device, for holding the test
ported (e.g. cones. bobbins) or unsupported (e.g. skein under zero tension and permitting easy transfer
skeins. balls). of the yarn to the tensile tester (for method C).

5.4 Receptacles, for immersing the sample or the

4 Principie specimens in water (for method D).
A specimen of yarn is extended until rupture by a
suitable mechanical device, and the breaking force 5.5 Tap water. at room temperature (for method
and elongation at break are recorded. A constant rate D).
of specimen extension of 100 % per minute (based
on the ini~ial specimen length) is used. but higher 5.6 Nonionic surfactant, 0.1 % aqueous solution
rates are permitted for automatic testers on agree- (for method D).
ment. Two gauge lengths are permitted: usually
500 mm (with a rate of displacement of
500 mm/min), and exceptionally 250 mm (with a rate 6 Sampling
of displacement of 250 mm/min).

6.1 Samples shall be taken in accordance with

5 Apparatus and materiais
a) the directions given in the material specification
when available. or
5.1 Constant rate of specimen extension ICRE)
tester. which complies with the following require- b) the procedures described in 6.2 to 6.7.
ments.

a) The tester shall be capable of being set at gauge 6.2 A bulk sample shall be taken of one or more
lengths of 500 mm :t 2 mm or 250 mm :t 1 mm, cases, as representative of the lot to be tested as ~
or preferably both. follows:

2
 ISO 2062:1993(E)

No. of cases No. of cases selected 7.2 For methods A to C, the sample packages or
at random test skeinsshall be preconditionedfor a minimumof
4 h.
3 or less 1
4 to 1O 2 NOTE 6 Preconditioning can often be dispensed with if
11 to 30 3 the samples are conditioned directly "from the dry side".
31 to 75 4
76 or more 5
7.3 After preconditioning, the sample shall be
brought to moisture equilibrium under the condition-
6.3 If only mean values are required, then 10 pack- ing atmosphere. For skeins, overnight conditioning is
ages shall be taken from the bulk sample, distributed usually sufficient, but for tightly wound packages a
as evenly as possible among the cases and among minimum of 48 h is necessary.
the levels in each case.

6.4 Except for the provisions of 6.5, the minimum 7.4 Preconditioning and conditioning are not re-
quired for wet tests (method D).
number of specimens to be tested shall be 50 for
single spun yarns and 20 for other yarns. The speci-
mens shall be distributed as evenly as possible among 8 Procedure
the 10 packages.

6.5 If the variability of the tests is known and only

8.1 General
mean values are required, then the number of speci-
mens shall be calculated as 0,17v2, where v is the 8.1.1 If more than one condition of testing is per-
coefficient of variation of the individual breaks (ex- mitted, usually by agreement, then ali parties inter-
pressed as a percentage) obtained from experience ested in the test results shall perform the test under
on similar material. the same conditions (Le. gauge length, rate of dis-
NOTES placement, type of clamp, temperature, pretension).

4 This numberof specimenswill give a precision(1,96 x 8.1.2 Two gauge lengths are permitted: the usual
the standard error of the mean) of :f: 4 % at a probability length of 500 mm, and a length of 250 mm which can
levei of 90 %. be used only if
5 Strength testing is a "one-tail" test; that is, "yam shall a) the extension of the instrument is insufficient to
not be weaker than ..." but "may be stronger than ..."
When specifying 90 % probability, one tair of the distribution accommodate a 500 mm specimen, or
is 5 %, or exactly the same as the two tails together of the
more common 95 % probability appropriate for a "two-tail" b) by agreement between the parties.
test.
8.1.3 If calculation of the breaking tenacity is re-
6.6 If the coefficient of variation is to be determined quired, determine the linear density of the yarn in ac-
in addition to the mean, then 20 packages shall be cordance with ISO 2060.
taken from the bulk sample and at least 200 speci-
mens shall be tested for single spun yarns and at least 8.1.4 Use a rate of displacement of 500 mm/min at
100 specimens for ali other types of yarn. the gauge length of 500 mm, and 250 mm/min at the
gauge length of 250 mm. In addition, for automatic
6.7 If ~pecimens are to be extracted from fabrics testers only (method B), higher rates are permitted
[not suitable for automatic testers (method B)], then by agreement; 400 %/min or 1 000 %/min are rec-
the fabric sample shall be large enough to furnish a ommended.
sufficient number and length of specimens. The test
specimens shall be taken so that the twist in the yarn 8.1.5 Unwind the yarn from the package as is done
is not changed during sampling. In woven fabrics, in normal use.
warp specimens shall be taken from different ends
and weft specimens shall be taken at random frem
several sections of the sample to be as representative 8.1.6 Before clamping the specimen, check that the
of the yarn as possible. In knitted fabrics, specimens jaw5 are correctly aligned and parallel, 50 that the
shall refJresentas many different yarns as possible. force applied produces no angular deviation.

8.1.7 Insert the specimen in the clamps with a pre-

7 Preconditioning and conditioning tension of 0,5 cN/tex :i: 0,1 cN/tex for conditioned
specimens, or 0,25 cN/tex :i: 0,05 cN/tex for wet
7.1 The atmospheres for preconditioning, condition- specimens. For textured yarns, use a pretension
ing and testing shall be as specified in ISO 139. which will remove the crimp but not stretch the yam.

3
ISO 2062:1993(E)

NOTE7 For textured yarns, the following pretensions are 8.4 Method C, manual, conditioned
recommended {unless otherwise agreedl. calculated on the specimens
nominal linear density of the yarn:

2,0 cN/tex :t 0,2 cN/tex, for polyester and polyamide 8.4.1 Using the reei (5.2). take one test skein from
yarns; each package of the sample. The test skeins shall be
of sufficient length to give the required number and
1,0 cN/tex :t 0,1 cN/tex, for acetate, triacetate and length of test specimens.
viscose yarns;
8.4.2 Using the swift (5.3). allow the test skeins to
0,5 cN/tex :t 0,05 cN/tex, for for bi-shrinkage and jet- relax under minimal tension in the preconditioning and
bulked yarns, except for carpet yarns heavier than eonditioning atmospheres (see 7.1).
50 tex.

8.4.3 Follow the procedures given in 8.1.1 to

8.1.11. When taking a specimen from the test skein
8.1.8 Finally, seeure the specimen in the clamps. for insertion between the clamps, make sure its
length is at least 100 mm greater than the selected
gauge length; an exeess of 500 mm is recommended.
8.1.9 Perform the test under the standard atmos- Be careful not to change the twist.
phere for testing, as specified in 7.1.
NOTE 10 With suitable modifications {see 6.71. this ..~.
methodmayalsobe usedfor yarnsfrom fabrics. -.....
8.1.10 During the test, eheek that the specimen
does not slip between the jaws by more than 2 mm. 8.5 Method D, manual, wet specimens
If it does so repeatedly, ehange the elamps or jaw
lining. Diseard tha results of the tests where slippage 8.5.1 Take test skeins as deseribed in 8.4.1.
oeeurs. Also diseard results of jaw breaks where
breaks oeeur 5 mm to the jaws or eloser.
8.5.2 Before removing the test skein frem the reei,
wrap two or three turns of a strong thread (e.g. sew-
8.1.11 Reeord the breaking force and elongation at ing thread) tightly around the skein at two places
break (done automatieally in method B). For faney about 2 em apart and securely tie the ends of the
yarns, reeord values for the first eomponent that thread. Cut the skein midway between the two
breaks. places. Fill a receptacle (5.4) with water (5.5). Lay the
eut skein flat on the surface of the water and leave it
NOTES until it sinks below the $urface under its own weight.

8 The values recorded for fancy yarns may be lower than 8.5.3 If the skein will not sink in the water, then hold
those defined in 3.1 and 3.2.
the yarn under the surface, e.g. by means of weights
9 With bollard or capstan clamps, measurement of the attached to the ends, until the yarn is thoroughly
elongation is not accurate and is discouraged. saturated (e.g. for 30 min). When the yarns are
r.ormally resistant to wetting, use a nonionic wetting V
agent (5.6). Rinse out the wetting agent thoroughly
with water before testing the yam.
8.2 Method A, manual
8.5.4 Remove the specimens individually frem the
Take specimens directly frem the conditioned pack- water and test them within 60 s thereafter, following
ages. I the procedures given in 8.1.1 to 8.1.11.
Follow the proeedures given in 8.1.1 to 8.1.11. Insert
the test specimens manually into the elamps to per- 9 Test report
form the tensile test.
9.1 General information

8.3 Method B, automatic The test report shall include the following information:

Take specimens directly from the conditioned paek- a) a reference to this International Standard
ages. (ISO 2062);

Follow the procedures given in 8.1.1 to 8.1.6 and b) lot number or other identification of the sample;
8.1.9 to 8.1.11. Set the instrument to take specimens
frem the 10 or 20 packages of the sample (see 6.3 c) type of package (cone, bobbin, ete.), its condition
and 6.6). The test will be performed automatically. idyed, bleached, etc.), and the manner in which

4
 ISO 2062:1993(E)

- the yarn was withdrawn from the package (over-

end or from the side);
9.2 T est results

The following test results shall be given:

d) conditioning atmosphere and testing atmosphere
used; a) mean breaking force, in centinewtons (to three
significant figures);
e) sampling scheme used, the number of specimens
tested, and number of specimens discarded; b) mean elongation at break, as a percentage (to two
significant figures);
f) make of tester used;
c) coefficient of variation of the breaking force, if re-
g) test method used (A to D); quired (to the nearest 0,1 %);

h) gauge length, rate of displacement and pretension d) coefficient of variation of percent elongation at
used; break, if required (to the nearest 0,1 %);

i) type of clamp and jaws used; e) linear density of the yam, if determined, in tex (to
three significant figures);
j) date of the test.
f) breaking tenacity, if required, in centinewtons per
tex (to the nearest 0,1 cN/tex).