Manual Baker Explore 4000 PDF
Manual Baker Explore 4000 PDF
Manual Baker Explore 4000 PDF
EXP4000
Baker Instrument Company, an SKF Group Company
4812 McMurry Ave. Suite 100
Fort Collins, CO 80525
(970) 282-1200
(970) 282-1010 (FAX)
800-752-8272 (USA Only)
Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital
device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference with the equipment is operated in its installation. This
equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in
accordance with the product manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. If
this equipment does cause harmful interference, the user will be required to correct the
interference.
Due to the phenomena being observed and the material properties being measured, this
equipment does radiate radio frequency energy while in the active test mode. Care should be taken
to insure this radio frequency energy causes no harm to individuals or other nearby equipment.
Information furnished in this manual by Baker Instrument Company, an SKF Group Company,, is
believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Baker Instrument Company, an SKF Group
Company, assumes no responsibility for the use of such information or for any infringements of
patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. No license is granted by
implication or otherwise under any patent rights of Baker Instrument Company, an SKF Group
Company.
Warning:
Baker Instrument Company, an SKF Group Company, assumes no liability for damages consequent
to the use of this product. No part of this document may be reproduced in part or in full by any
means such as photocopying, photographs, electronic recording, videotaping, facsimile, etc.,
without written permission from Baker Instrument Company, an SKF Group Company, Fort Collins,
Colorado.
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Software Agreement
Note on Software
While the UNIT is a Microsoft Windows
based instrument, it is specially configured
and optimized to perform the functions for
which it was designed. The loading or
operation of unauthorized software may
cause the instrument to malfunction or
cease functioning and may void the
manufacturers warranty.
Software Agreement
permitted access to the Software to enable the
User to comply with its obligations hereunder.
(d) Material Terms and Conditions. The User
acknowledges that each of the terms and
conditions of this Section 2 is material and
that failure of the User to comply with these
terms and conditions shall constitute sufficient
cause for Baker/SKF to terminate this
Software License and the license granted
hereunder immediately and without an
opportunity to cure. This subsection 2(d) shall
not be construed to preclude, or in any way
effect, a finding of materiality with respect to
any other provision of this Software License.
3. Ownership. Baker/SKF, as between
Baker/SKF and the User, owns all Intellectual
Property Rights related to the Software,
including custom modifications to the
Software, whether made by Baker/SKF or any
third party. The User agrees that this Software
License effects a license, not a sale, of the
Software and that the first sale doctrine, as
codified in 17 U.S.C. 109, does not apply to
the transaction effected by this Software
License.
4. Confidential Information. The Software
contains proprietary information, including
trade secrets, know-how and confidential
information (hereinafter referred to collectively
as the Confidential Information), that is the
exclusive property of Baker/SKF. During the
period this Software License is in effect and at
all times after its termination, the User and its
employees and agents shall maintain the
confidentiality of the Confidential Information
and shall not sell, license, publish, display,
distribute, disclose or otherwise make available
the Confidential Information to any Person nor
use the Confidential Information except as
authorized by this Software License. The User
shall not disclose the Confidential Information
concerning the Software, including any flow
charts, logic diagrams, user manuals and
screens, to persons not an employee of the
User without the prior written consent of
Baker/SKF.
5. Limited Warranties; Disclaimer
(a) Baker/SKFs sole and exclusive warranties
with respect to the Instrument and Software
are set forth in this Users Manual.
(b) EXCEPT AS SET FORTH IN THIS USERS
MANUAL AND TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED
BY APPLICABLE LAW, ALL EXPRESS AND/OR
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF
MERCHANTABILITY, MERCHANTABILITY OF A
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Software Agreement
the licenses granted hereunder, the User shall
return to Baker/SKF, at the User's expense,
the Computer Software and all copies thereof,
and deliver to Baker/SKF a certification, in a
writing signed by an officer of the User, that all
copies of the Computer Software have been
returned to Baker/SKF and that the User has
complied with the requirements of this Section
7(c).
8. Assignment. The User may assign this
Software License in connection with the sale
or other transfer of the Instrument, provided,
that the transferee agrees in writing to be
bound by the terms of this Software License.
Except as authorized by the preceding
sentence, the User shall not assign or
otherwise transfer the Software or this
Software License to anyone, including any
parent, subsidiaries, affiliated entities or third
Parties, or as part of the sale of any portion of
its business, or pursuant to any merger,
consolidation or reorganization, without
Baker/SKF's prior written consent. Any
assignment or transfer effected in violation of
this Section 8 shall be void ab initio and of no
force or effect.
9. General. The validity and interpretation of
this Software License shall be governed by
Colorado Law except as to copyright and other
proprietary matters, which may be preempted
by United States laws and international
treaties. In the event of any violation of this
Software License, Baker/SKF reserves the
right to pursue any state law remedies
(including contractual remedies) or remedies
under federal laws or both. The User consents
to exclusive jurisdiction in either state or
federal courts in Colorado or both as
appropriate and agrees that the prevailing
party shall be entitled to its attorney fees and
costs. No decision, act or inaction of
Baker/SKF, shall be construed to be a waiver
of any right or remedy, and pursuit of any
state or federal causes shall not be deemed an
election or remedies. In the event of any
provision of this Software License shall be
deemed unenforceable, or void, or invalid,
such provision shall be modified so as to make
it valid and enforceable and as so modified the
entire agreement shall remain in full force and
effect. This Software License sets forth the
entire understanding and agreement between
the parties and no written or oral
representative of any kind whatsoever shall in
any way modify or expand the terms of this
Users Manual.
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Software Agreement
Virus Alert
The UNIT contains computer software that is
vulnerable to damage from computer viruses.
Before shipping, Baker/SKF scanned all data to
ensure the UNIT is virus-free. Before inserting
any disks into the disk drive or connecting the
UNIT to a computer network, scan all disks for
viruses.
Trademarks
All other trademarks, service marks or
registered trademarks appearing in this
manual are the trademarks, service marks or
registered trademarks of their respective
owners.
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Software Agreement
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Consequences of not organizing data into databases .................................................................29
Plant maintenance:...........................................................................................................................29
Database features .................................................................................................................................29
Navigating through the software interface .......................................................................................29
EXP4000 sofware specific features....................................................................................................29
Grey shaded fields.............................................................................................................................29
Text fields ...........................................................................................................................................29
Arrows and Windows icons .............................................................................................................29
Numeric Fields...................................................................................................................................30
Starting the software............................................................................................................................30
Numerical fields.................................................................................................................................31
Domain panel.........................................................................................................................................31
Results panels........................................................................................................................................31
Test log panel ....................................................................................................................................32
Software navigation - finding machines............................................................................................32
Icons Displayed within Machine Tree.............................................................................................33
Upgrading databases from previous software versions ..................................................................33
Printer configuration.............................................................................................................................34
Keyboard shortcuts: ..............................................................................................................................34
Software hints ...................................................................................................................................34
3 ........................................................................................................................................35
Basic software overview .....................................................................................................35
Software overview.....................................................................................................................................35
File menu items .....................................................................................................................................35
Database.................................................................................................................................................35
Print summary report...........................................................................................................................36
Reports....................................................................................................................................................36
Exit...........................................................................................................................................................37
Machine menu items ............................................................................................................................37
Machine tree ..........................................................................................................................................38
Create machine......................................................................................................................................39
Name plate.........................................................................................................................................39
Sensor ratio .......................................................................................................................................39
Machine information.........................................................................................................................40
Motor design/Energy information...................................................................................................40
Edit machine ..........................................................................................................................................41
Delete a machine ..............................................................................................................................41
Acquire EP serial number ....................................................................................................................41
Reset EP serial number........................................................................................................................41
Thresholds menu.......................................................................................................................................41
Assign test model ..................................................................................................................................42
Create elec. test model.........................................................................................................................42
Edit test model.......................................................................................................................................43
Delete test model ..................................................................................................................................43
Tools menu items..................................................................................................................................43
Scope ..................................................................................................................................................43
View connections...................................................................................................................................44
Transient analysis .................................................................................................................................45
Loop acquisition.....................................................................................................................................46
Stator resistance estimator .................................................................................................................46
Motor Master +......................................................................................................................................47
IEC efficiencies .......................................................................................................................................47
Options menu items..............................................................................................................................48
Test notes...............................................................................................................................................48
Override speed.......................................................................................................................................49
Electrical acquisition options................................................................................................................49
Spectrum acquisition options ..............................................................................................................49
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Spectrum acquisition options ..............................................................................................................50
EP acquisition options...........................................................................................................................50
Daq card settings...................................................................................................................................50
Display options.......................................................................................................................................51
4 ........................................................................................................................................53
Torque software overview ..................................................................................................53
T3000 torque analysis software .............................................................................................................53
Spectrum domain demodulated spectrum option ........................................................................53
Demodulated spectrum....................................................................................................................53
Torque domain ......................................................................................................................................54
Torque ripple .....................................................................................................................................55
Torque spectrum...............................................................................................................................55
Right Click menu ...............................................................................................................................56
5 ........................................................................................................................................59
VFD software......................................................................................................................59
VFD3000 (VFD analysis software) ..........................................................................................................59
Operation details ...................................................................................................................................59
VFD mode...............................................................................................................................................59
Phasors ...................................................................................................................................................60
Waveforms .............................................................................................................................................60
VFD details domain...........................................................................................................................61
6 ........................................................................................................................................63
Continuous monitoring software .........................................................................................63
Continuous monitoring (streaming)....................................................................................................63
File menu................................................................................................................................................63
Machine menu .......................................................................................................................................63
Machine menu .......................................................................................................................................64
Tools menu.............................................................................................................................................64
View Menu..............................................................................................................................................64
Options ....................................................................................................................................................66
Graph Plot Mode ...............................................................................................................................66
Event triggers ....................................................................................................................................66
General operation icons........................................................................................................................67
Modifying continuous monitoring tool ..............................................................................................67
Adding a new gauge or graph.........................................................................................................67
Editing gauges and graphs ..............................................................................................................68
Channel description...............................................................................................................................70
7 ........................................................................................................................................71
Vibration software overview ...............................................................................................71
Vibration Models ........................................................................................................................................71
Vibration Application .................................................................................................................................71
Vibration App .....................................................................................................................................71
Running a vibration scan..........................................................................................................................72
Running a looped acquisition scan .....................................................................................................72
Running a timed looped acquistion ....................................................................................................72
Viewing results.......................................................................................................................................73
View results Time waveform .......................................................................................................73
View Results - Spectrum .................................................................................................................75
View Results - Trending ..................................................................................................................77
Graph Tools ............................................................................................................................................79
Graph Tools ............................................................................................................................................80
Exporting data........................................................................................................................................80
8 ........................................................................................................................................81
DC software overview .........................................................................................................81
DC machine Dynamic analysis software ................................................................................................81
DC summary of tests & features ....................................................................................................81
Types of problems identified with DC3000 ..................................................................................81
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DC connections for the EXP4000 portable sensors:............................................................................81
DC sensor voltage ratings................................................................................................................81
Connection cases...................................................................................................................................82
Voltage sensor connections: ................................................................................................................83
DC3000 software navigation and overview ......................................................................................83
Creating a new database......................................................................................................................84
Opening a database ..............................................................................................................................84
Close database.......................................................................................................................................84
Creating a new folder ...........................................................................................................................84
Renaming a new folder ........................................................................................................................85
Create a new test item .........................................................................................................................85
Adding an DC machine .....................................................................................................................85
Right click menu items .........................................................................................................................86
Database or Folder View..................................................................................................................86
Online testing menu..............................................................................................................................87
Create DC test model .......................................................................................................................87
Edit test model ..................................................................................................................................87
Delete Test Model .............................................................................................................................88
Looped Acquisition ............................................................................................................................88
Tools menu.............................................................................................................................................89
Options................................................................................................................................................89
General options:.....................................................................................................................................89
Database.................................................................................................................................................90
Archive ....................................................................................................................................................90
Software testing screen .......................................................................................................................90
Software testing screen .......................................................................................................................91
CT selection........................................................................................................................................91
Nameplate Information ....................................................................................................................91
Center Screen...................................................................................................................................91
Bottom Main Screen.........................................................................................................................92
Run Electrical.....................................................................................................................................92
View Connections ..............................................................................................................................92
Exit.......................................................................................................................................................93
Test Domains.....................................................................................................................................93
Results:....................................................................................................................................................93
Drive ........................................................................................................................................................93
Armature voltage level (Va) .............................................................................................................93
DC machine Va troubleshooting..........................................................................................................94
Field voltage level (Vf) ......................................................................................................................94
DC machine VF troubleshooting .........................................................................................................95
Result: |Vf| > |Vf_base_speed|: .......................................................................................................95
Armature Voltage Form Factor.......................................................................................................97
Armature Current Ripple .................................................................................................................98
Machine...................................................................................................................................................99
Armature current level.....................................................................................................................99
High Field Resistance .................................................................................................................... 100
Low field resistance ....................................................................................................................... 100
Field current level .......................................................................................................................... 101
Load...................................................................................................................................................... 102
Torque ripple .................................................................................................................................. 103
Load level ........................................................................................................................................ 103
Waveforms .......................................................................................................................................... 104
Spectrum ............................................................................................................................................. 104
Field Spectrum ............................................................................................................................... 104
Armature spectrum ....................................................................................................................... 105
Torque spectrum............................................................................................................................ 106
Harmonics ........................................................................................................................................... 106
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Table of Contents
Reports................................................................................................................................................. 107
9 ......................................................................................................................................111
Physical connection of the the EXP4000/Connection setup wizard .....................................111
Connecting the EXP4000 ...................................................................................................................... 111
Important safety information ........................................................................................................... 111
General Safety Precautions .............................................................................................................. 111
Safety term definition ........................................................................................................................ 111
Symbols/Labels on equipment ......................................................................................................... 111
Other Important Safety Warnings ................................................................................................... 112
Operational safety warnings ............................................................................................................. 112
Physical Setup of EXP4000 with portable sensors....................................................................... 113
To connect the EXP4000 to the MCC ............................................................................................. 113
To connect the EXP4000 to the motor terminals:........................................................................ 114
Physical Setup of the EXP4000 with EP's.................................................................................. 114
Disconnecting the EXP4000 ............................................................................................................. 114
Connection setup wizard ................................................................................................................... 114
Autophasing messages ...................................................................................................................... 114
Using the setup wizard ...................................................................................................................... 115
Troubleshooting CT connections...................................................................................................... 116
Error ..................................................................................................................................................... 116
Reason for error................................................................................................................................. 116
Possible resolution ............................................................................................................................. 116
The Suggest button ........................................................................................................................... 117
Two CT solution:................................................................................................................................. 117
Manually adjusting phasors: ............................................................................................................. 118
10 ....................................................................................................................................121
Example test and report generation..................................................................................121
Important safety information ........................................................................................................... 121
General Safety Precautions .............................................................................................................. 121
Safety term definition ........................................................................................................................ 121
Symbols/Labels on equipment ......................................................................................................... 121
Other Important Safety Warnings ................................................................................................... 122
Operational safety warnings ............................................................................................................. 122
Motor monitoring.................................................................................................................................... 123
Looking at gathered data .................................................................................................................. 123
Adjusting parameters .................................................................................................................... 123
Other adjustments ......................................................................................................................... 124
Looped acquisition/Timed acquisition ......................................................................................... 125
Creating reports from the report generator .................................................................................. 125
Viewing, annotating, and printing reports...................................................................................... 127
Automatic generation of reports...................................................................................................... 127
Printing reports directly from results panel (single report) ......................................................... 127
Printing reports from the summary page ...................................................................................... 128
Appendix A .......................................................................................................................129
Default settings ................................................................................................................129
Default settings ....................................................................................................................................... 129
Appendix B .......................................................................................................................131
Troubleshooting ...............................................................................................................131
Connection troubleshooting .................................................................................................................. 131
General................................................................................................................................................. 131
Non VFD mode: .................................................................................................................................. 131
Frequently Asked Questions: ............................................................................................................ 132
Appendix C: ......................................................................................................................135
Blue results......................................................................................................................135
Conditions under which test show blue results: ............................................................................ 135
Appendix D .......................................................................................................................137
EP1000 installation ..........................................................................................................137
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Table of Contents
What to do first:.................................................................................................................................. 137
Tools Needed: ................................................................................................................................. 137
Materials Needed: .......................................................................................................................... 137
Safety Precautions for EP installation............................................................................................. 138
Installation safety warnings .............................................................................................................. 138
Hardware Installation ........................................................................................................................ 138
Choosing a suitable location for the EP: ......................................................................................... 139
Choosing a suitable location for the panel plug:............................................................................ 139
Current Transformer (CT) Connections: ......................................................................................... 139
Voltage Connections:.......................................................................................................................... 140
Electrical Connections:....................................................................................................................... 140
Verification of Installation:................................................................................................................. 140
Troubleshooting:................................................................................................................................. 140
EP1000 Ratings:................................................................................................................................. 140
Appendix E .......................................................................................................................145
References .......................................................................................................................145
List of References: .................................................................................................................................. 145
Glossary of Terms.......................................................................................................................... 145
Appendix F .......................................................................................................................149
Technical specifications ....................................................................................................149
Index ................................................................................................................................151
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Preface
Important safety information
General Safety Precautions
Note: The general safety information presented here is for both operating and service
personnel. Specific warnings and cautions will be found throughout this manual
where they apply.
Note: If the equipment is used in any manner not specified by Baker Instrument
Company, an SKF Group Company, the safety protection provided by the equipment may
be impaired.
Symbols/Labels on equipment
Caution: Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not
avoided, could result in personnel injury and/or equipment
damage.
Voltage level warning. Located on labeling for test leads on
right side of instrument
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Warning: When the instrument exterior case is open, the instrument is not water
resistant. Do not allow the opened instrument to be exposed to water. Water in
contact with the interior of the instrument compromises protection features and
could result in serious injury or death.
2)
3)
4)
NOTICE The maximum rating of the EXP4000 is 1,000 V (500 V for DC operation).
1,000 V (500 V DC operation) is the maximum allowable voltage between any two
of the four voltages and the ground clip. Under no circumstances connect the
voltage sensing circuit to higher voltage levels. Doing so will cause severe damage
to instrument.
14
Installation requirements
The unit may be operated:
1)
There are no ventilation requirements. The unit is intended for use in Installation
Category II (Portable Equipment), Measurement Category III areas and pollution Degree II
Environments where occasional non-conducting condensing pollution can be
encountered.
Pollution degree II
(From IEC 61010-1 3.6.6.2) Only non-conductive pollution occurs. However,
temporary conductivity caused by condensation is expected.
Power requirements
Using the provided AC power cord, connect the unit to a grounded AC power source. The
units power requirements are 100-240 V AC, 50-60 Hz, 3 A AC maximum current
draw.
Environment conditions/storage
-
The unit is for indoor use. If used outdoors, the unit must be protected from rain,
snow and other contaminants. Store instrument inside in order to avoid water
contamination.
The unit has been tested for use up to 2,000 m altitude.
The tester should only be operated in temperatures ranging from 41 to 104
degrees Fahrenheit (5 C to 40 C).
This unit is for use at a maximum relative humidity of 80% for temperatures up to
31 C decreasing linearly to 50% relative humidity at 40C.
EXP4000
Power Cord
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CTs
PTs
Cabling
Operators Manual
Shipment
The EXP4000 is shipped in factory foam-filled containers. Should the tester need to be
returned to Baker Instrument Company, an SKF Group Company, we recommend
using the units original packaging or any equivalent casing that meets the following
specifications:
Note: Cardboard, newspapers, and similar materials are not considered good shock
absorbers.
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1
EXP4000 tests
Test domains/testing theory
The EXP4000 utilizes a multitude of tests to determine the power condition, health, load,
and energy profile of machines. The following test domains describe the functionality of
the instrument along with a description of each test.
Testing Capabilities
The EXP4000 is equipped with standard software to initiate testing. Additional
software can be purchased if necessary to complete the program the user deems
necessary. This additional software is explained in chapters later in this manual. The
standard software includes the following domains and tests:
To view any of these tests, click on the associated domain and then on the associated
test. Many of these viewable panels will have results and test log views.
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EXP4000 Tests
Voltage Unbalance Test
Examines the single-phase voltage in the motor by calculating its percentage
unbalance via NEMA derating,
Compares the voltage unbalance level with the stored threshold.
A non-balanced voltage condition causes negative sequence currents within the stator,
resulting in excessive heat. The voltage unbalance test determines if a non-balanced
voltage condition exists in the machine. The EXP4000 utilizes the NEMA derating curve
that specifies a maximal load for each type of unbalance.
Harmonic Distortion
Examines the Total Harmonic Distortion of the three single phases to neutral
voltages,
Compares the level of Total Harmonic Distortion to the stored threshold,
Compares the torque, speed, and average stator current values of machines
against previously stored values,
Alerts the user to values that deviated from previous operation.
Stator current, torque, and operating speed typically describe the health of a machine.
For example, maintenance personnel should be alerted if a machine needs to run at a
lower speed in order to provide the same torque. The machine may have an issue
caused by broken rotor bars, excessive heat, or different voltage conditions.
Total Distortion
Both Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and Total Distortion (TD) deal with
quantifying the effect of non-fundamental components to the voltage and current
waveform. Whereas the Harmonic Distortion focuses on the harmonic content alone,
Total Distortion focuses on all non-fundamental components.
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EXP4000 Tests
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EXP4000 Tests
Harmonics
The Harmonic components compare the magnitude of the harmonic components to the
fundamental currents and voltages of the system. Bar charts display the distribution of
the harmonic content on the different frequency bands for all currents and voltages.
Fig 1-6: Effective service factor within the machine performance domain.
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EXP4000 Tests
Load
This displays the estimated load for the machine, and compares it with preprogrammable thresholds. A 100% threshold is commonly used since operating above
that level may rapidly thermally deteriorate the machine. However, a combination of
environmental conditions and criticality of the machine may warrant moving the
threshold level to a higher or lower value. For example, additional cooling of the
machine may be a reason for allowing a higher load level prior to issuing an alarm.
Operating Condition
Each induction motor has a torque-speed and current-speed characteristic operation
curve. These curves will vary their signature if an induction motors operation changes
from healthy to a faulted condition. For example, increased operation temperature,
fluctuating environmental conditions, varied power supply conditions, or broken rotor
cages can alter a motors operating condition.
Differences in operating condition could indicate two things:
1)
2)
A resultant warning does not necessarily imply a defect in the machine, load or power
supply. However, it is important to monitor the machines operating condition. Any
identifiable changes could affect the future operation of the motor.
Fig 1-8: Operating condition test within the machine performance domain.
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EXP4000 Tests
Efficiency
Efficiency is the ratio of mechanical output power of the motor to the electrical input
power. This can be expressed as:
= 1001
Ploss
Pin
Where:
Ploss = the power that dissipates - mainly heat
Pin = input power
Ploss can be seen as the energy in the power bill that is potentially wasted and degrades
motor health.
The efficiency test displays the motors operating efficiency and previously measured
motor efficiencies.
Low results in the efficiency test suggest that motor retrofits may be advisable. A decline
in efficiency may indicate an increase in the motors operating temperature, causing
faster motor degradation.
A manufacturer database with more than 20,000 different motor designs is provided.
This database compares existing motors with similar designs that perform at or above
EPAct92.These motors are compared with respect to current operating load point, and
their resulting efficiencies. If the efficiency of the motor under test is significantly lower
than the target efficiency found on a EPAct motor, a warning or caution flag is issued.
Note: If an efficiency warning or caution flag is issued, the following steps should be
taken:
1)
2)
3)
Check that the correct stator and lead line to line resistances have been entered
into the Create Motor or Edit Motor panels in the EXP4000 software.
Motors can operate at low efficiencies because of their design, or poor power
conditions. Check that the voltage level is appropriate for the motor tested. Make
sure voltage unbalance and voltage distortion are acceptable.
If, after performing the first two steps, it is found that the motor is performing
poorly, further investigate the application using MotorMaster+.
To ensure an accurate efficiency estimation, the test results will only be green, yellow or
red, if the stator resistance has been entered for the motor in the Create Motor or Edit
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EXP4000 Tests
Motor panels of the EXP4000 software.
Payback Period
This test searches the database for motors, and compares the energy expenses of the
motor under test with higher efficiency motors. Payback period is calculated, based on
the compared motors list price, the energy savings calculated according to the specified
duty cycle of the motor, the entered $/kWh, and the latest calculated input power of the
motor. This test uses the premise that the comparison motor operates, on average, on
a load point similar to the one measured. All prices are in USD, so the energy costs
have to be specified in USD. List prices are motor manufacturers data, and use the US
market as a basis. If the EXP4000 is used in other countries, list price should be
adjusted.
Current Domain
Overcurrent
Compares the maximum single-phase current with the nameplate data of the stator
current.
Too much current can overstress particular phases in the machine. The overcurrent test
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EXP4000 Tests
determines if the machine might be drawing more than its rated current on one or more
phases. This causes excessive heat and decreasing life of the insulation.
Current Unbalances
Unbalanced currents are frequently caused by mildly unbalanced voltages. A common
rule of thumb is that voltage unbalance can be the cause of up to eight times larger
current unbalances. Machines will also show very large current unbalances under very
light, or no load conditions even when driven by a balanced voltage. These no load
current unbalances are common in healthy machines. These current unbalances
vanish rapidly when the machine is loaded.
Spectrum Domain
Rotor bar/Operating condition
Records the relative amplitude of the rotor-bar sideband,
Compares the rotor cage signature to stored thresholds.
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EXP4000 Tests
The rotor bar test and operating condition test evaluate the overall condition of the
machine. Broken rotor bars cause excess heat on the machine, decreasing efficiency,
shortening insulation life, and possibly causing core damage.
V/I Spectrum
The V/I Spectrum window analyzes the frequency spectra of the 3 line-neutral voltage
waveforms and the 3 line currents independently of each other. The current spectra
have shown to contain information related to the vibration spectra of the machine. It is
possible to identify roller-bearing faults by using the mark frequencies option in the
right click menu within the EXP4000 software. (see Chapter 3 for more information). It
is also feasible to find deteriorating alignment problems, load unbalances, looseness,
eccentricity, and cavitation by analyzing these spectra.
Harmonics
The harmonics components compare the magnitude of the harmonic components to
the fundamental currents and voltages of the system. Bar charts for all currents and
voltages display the distribution of the harmonic content on the different frequency
bands.
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EXP4000 Tests
Connection Domain
Waveforms
This window shows the waveforms for all three current and voltages for line operated
mode. If the EXP4000 is operated in VFD mode (not available in basic software), it
shows the voltage and current for phase A.
ABC/SYM Comp
The Symmetrical components displays the voltage, current and impedance unbalance
and the positive sequence (accelerating) and the negative sequence (retarding). Current,
voltage and impedance information.
Phasors
The Phasors window shows the a,b,c phasors for voltages and current in line operated
mode. In VFD Mode (not available in basic software), it shows the instantaneous current
phasor versus the instantaneous voltage phasor.
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EXP4000 Tests
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EXP4000 Tests
Declaration of conformity
Manufacturers Name & Address:
Baker Electrical Instrument Company, an SKF Group Company
4812 McMurry Ave
Fort Collins, CO 80525
USA
Equipment Description: On-Line Motor Monitor
Equipment Model Designations: EXP4000
Application of Council Directive 72/23/EC on the harmonization of the laws related to
Member States relating to electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage
limits, as amended by: Council Directive 93/68/EC and Council Directive 2004/108/EC on
the approximation of the laws related to Member States relating to the electromagnetic
compatibility, as amended by: Council Directive 93/68/EC. Note: due to the phenomena
being observed and the material properties being measured, this equipment does radiate
radio frequency energy while in the active test mode.
Referenced Safety Standards:
EN 61010-1
Referenced EMC Standards:
EN 61326:2001
EN 55011 Class A
EN 61000-3-2
EN 61000-3-3
EN 61000-4-2
EN 61000-4-3
EN 61000-4-4
EN 61000-4-5
EN 61000-4-6
EN 61000-4-8
EN 61000-4-11
I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the equipment specified above conforms to the
above Directives and Standards.
Signature:
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2
Getting started
Configuring software for motor data
Database Management
Database management is highly important in a good predictive maintenance program. It
facilitates organization of periodic maintenance data. The database section of the
EXP4000 software allows the entry of identifications to help clarify the location of specific
motors. It can maintain multiple databases for organization of overall program
maintenance. For example, if a facility has two buildings with a number of motor sights
in each, it may work best if there were a database created for each building.
Consequences of not organizing data into databases
Since the EXP4000 can be configured to store every test it ever performs, an organized
structure is needed to facilitate data integrity and usefulness. Also, creating multiple
databases allows easier management of file size and archiving.
Plant maintenance:
It is common for plants to have duplicate processes, with identically named motors in
each process. (ex: intake pump) This can cause confusion, since the motors are in
different locations, but have the same motor ID. Take steps to make motor IDs unique.
For example, the motor ID for process 1 should be intake pump P1 while the motor ID
for process 2 should be intake pump P2.
Database features
The records that are stored by the EXP4000 are linked to each other hierarchically. The
principle record, which serves as the base for linking associated records, is the machine
ID. Information entered into machine ID and test ID records become part of the
database. Like other database information, it can be transferred to other computer
programs or other computers.
29
Getting Started
example, clicking on either the up or down arrow can change a caution threshold for the
voltage unbalance test in an electrical test model.
Numeric Fields
The two types of numeric fields are input and display. The input fields are required to
calculate portion of the result panels or allow entering additional information to the
reports. All other numeric fields are display results.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
A)
B)
15
Machine name
Electric model
LED indicates activity
Test domains
Display phasors
Total power
Average line current
Average line to line voltage
Line to neutral/ground or line to line Voltage (see Options menu)
Line current
Electro mechanical data
Currently displayed test
NEMA derating factors
Average frequency (Hz)
Run electrical tests
Basic nameplate information of motor under test,
Waveforms display signature of voltage and current,
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Getting Started
C)
The main panel consists of three components: the top menu, the numeric fields (center
left), and individual test buttons (domains).
Numerical fields
6-10): This area displays the single phase to neutral voltages or line to line voltages
(depending on the setting in the Options menu), single-phase currents, average, power
factors, average current, total electrical input power and average line-to-line voltage.
11) The five numeric fields located in the lower left portion of the center section exhibit
the motors mechanical and electromechanical operating condition.
12) This text field displays the time of the current test data.
13) The NEMA Unbalance % displays the unbalance level of the voltage and current.
The NEMA Derating Factor suggests a derating percentage for the current operating
voltage condition.
14) Avg. Frequency displays the average of the fundamental frequency during the data
acquisition.
Domain panel
The test domain buttons are located on the right side of the main panel. Each test
domain button allows access to its specific test results.
Because each threshold equates to a specific color, the EXP4000 assigns a color to the
domain and testing domain buttons depending on the test result. Ex. If the result of the
voltage unbalance test fall below the established caution thresholds, the EXP4000 would
assign green to the voltage unbalance button.
Results panels
1)
2)
3)
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Getting Started
user to access specific test results by scrolling with the left and right arrows in the test
field. Each test result contains the date and time for the test and important numeric
results.
Test log panel
The test log tab displays trending data for the relevant test. It displays the value of the
monitored quantity (y-axis) against the test numbers (x-axis). The x-axis shows the
number of measurements performed for that particular motor ID.
Finding machines within the EXP4000 software works similarly to Windows Explorer. To
find the machines to be tested simply open the machine tree located in the machine
menu. The highest level is the database name (file cabinet icon). Under each database
are locations for each machine (depicted by a factory icon). There can be another factory
icon beneath the location icon. This divides the location by buildings, plant or other user
derived descriptions. Under these sections are individual machines (motor icon).
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Getting Started
1)
2)
3)
Follow the tree format until the machine is found that needs to be tested.
Double click on the machine. This will display all associated tests for that machine.
Highlight the machine to be tested and connect the EXP4000 appropriately (see
chapter
on
Database parent directory icon
Machine location icon
Connecting the EXP4000 for appropriate connections) and press or click the run
electrical to begin gathering data..
Icons Displayed within Machine Tree
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Getting Started
Printer configuration
The EXP4000 comes equipped with a set of printer drivers installed. If necessary, more
printer drivers may be added. To install a printer, follow the instructions provided in the
printer manual.
Keyboard shortcuts:
Software hints
Popup panels require the user to immediately interact with dialogs that affect
displayed data (loaded or part of a test).
The time required to load a machine with a large number of tests has been
decreased by internally connecting or threading the test logs.
o When the machine is loaded but the thread is not completed the
message Test log is Loading appears instead of the test logs graphs.
o This can cause a perceived lag if the user quickly switches machines or
deletes test results from motors with more than 100 stored tests.
o This lag time will also be noticeable if the user loads a machine with a
large number of tests and then exits.
o At this publishing it is recommend keeping the number of tests per motor
to a maximum of 2000.
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3
Basic software overview
Software overview
This chapter will supply the user a general knowledge of how the EXP4000 software is
used and navigated. It will step through each of the menus and provide procedures for
setting up for data gathering.
Database
The Database command allows the user to open, create a new, close an existing, or
delete a database.
To create a new database:
1)
Click on the file menu.
2)
Click on database and choose new.
3)
Type the name of the new database in the space available.
4)
Click ok.
The EXP4000 will then create the database. It will fill in the pertinent information on the
screen, including database name and default information. Default information changes
are made through the creation and assignment of electrical models in the threshold
menu.
To open an existing database
1)
Click on the file menu.
2)
Click on Database and select Open.
3)
Select the database to open.
4)
Click and select open or double click on the file to open.
Note: Changing databases during operation is allowed by using the open an existing
database procedure.
Note: Database open will not open an archived database. To open an archived database,
either double click it in Windows Explorer, or click Machine Tree, Database, Restore.
To close an existing database
1)
Click on the file menu.
2)
Click on Database and select Close.
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Assessment, Machine Performance Report, and Load Reports. These items will print the
panel page for that specific test.
Reports
The reports section offers the ability to customize reports to see multiple tests with
different filters and trending options.
The Filter On option provides report parameters for Show Good Results, Show
Caution Results, Show Warning Results, or allow a Date Range to be used to pick
tests for the report.
Options under Select allow the user to select report parameters for All, All Good, All
Caution, All Warning, All Warning and Caution or None.
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A .rtf file is generated by the EXP4000 that can be opened in Microsoft Word, WordPad
and several other word processing programs for editing. Remember that report page
count will increase dramatically with the addition of multiple tests. This can increase time
in report generation and printing.
Exit
The Exit menu item closes the program.
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Machine tree
The Machine Tree allows the user to quickly open databases, perform tests on motors
within a database and view different filters to access specific test information quickly
and easily. The database menu allows the user to create a new, open an existing or
repair a database, along with creating a backup, restoring a backup or synchronizing a
database folder. The filter mechanism allows the user to find machines with no tests,
with a good rating, with a caution rating, with a warning rating or by date of test. The
Options menu offers the ability to browse other drives on the computer to locate
databases available to the EXP4000 software. Two options are available from this
menu: Set database directory or Set archive database directory.
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Create machine
The Create Machine option generates a new machine ID, which is required to run
electrical or vibration tests. The Create Machine properties panels have four sub-panels
or tabs. The Name Plate and Machine Information tabs will remain red when required
information is needed. All fields in red must be filled with appropriate data for the
EXP4000 software. Fields marked in yellow can affect the results the EXP4000 can
generate. Remember the more information that is accurately entered, the more
applicable the results will be. The software will prompt for missed information. The
EXP4000 software also includes IntelliCreate technology, that checks the applicability of
entered data. IntelliCreate identifies the majority of typos and omissions of data fields
during machine creation.
Name plate
Machine Name, HP, Volts, RPM, KW and AMPS are required data on this tab.
Appropriate KW data will be automatically entered to match the machine.
1)
Click in Machine Name and give the motor an appropriate name per the process
that it is running.
2)
Tab between the other views.
3)
Notice that some items will automatically calculate and apply the appropriate value.
Sensor ratio
When connecting to the secondaries of CTs and PTs in the field, the sensors ratios
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The information entered into the motor design and energy information sections of the
create machine section are optional items except for Service Factor, which will be
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Edit machine
The Edit Machine menu items allow changes to any new Machine IDs information. The
same screen views are available as for creating a machine. Edit any item that were
entered incorrectly or incompletely.
Note: In order to avoid the creation of erroneous data in the baseline, the EXP4000
does not allow changing some nameplate data fields after data has been taken and
stored. In order to edit these fields, it is necessary to create a new machine ID. The data
previously taken cannot be moved to the new machine ID, so testing will have to be
repeated.
1)
2)
3)
Locate the machine that needs to be edited within the Machine Tree.
Click on the Edit Machine function in the Machine menu. The Edit machine dialog
boxes will appear. It will show the information.
Edit the appropriate fields and click Apply.
Delete a machine
1)
Click the machine tree function under Machine menu.
2)
Scroll through the list of machines and find the correct machine to be deleted.
3)
Highlight the machine and hit delete on the keyboard.
4)
A caution box will appear to verify if the deletion is correct.
Note: this action permanently deletes the machine and all associated tests. It cannot be
undone, so verify that this action is correct prior to deleting.
Thresholds menu
An electrical test model is a set of thresholds used as a guide against which the machines will be
tested. The EXP4000 compares test results with the electrical models predetermined tolerances.
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1)
2)
3)
4)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
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Scope
Clicking on the scope menu displays a virtual oscilloscope. The virtual scope displays
currents, voltages, or acceleration as a function of time and frequency. It provides
information on:
Voltage phase to ground
Phase to phase voltage
Phase current
Vibration signal
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The triggering function allows waveforms to appear stable on the scope by acquiring
data at a particular point. The triggering function establishes a value within a range of
the positive and negative peaks. For example, a waveform oscillates from 5 V to +5 V. If
the trigger level is established at 2 V, ascending slope, the scope will begin to acquire
data at 2 V while the data is increasing.
- The Scope mode displays test results as a function of time or frequency.
Signal = time
Spectrum = frequency
The channel knobs displays test results for a specific phase in volts, currents, or
vibration.
The units/div knob allows a specific number of volts or amps to be displayed per
division.
The sec/div knob specifies the amount of time for the horizontal divisions. For
example, 1 ms equals 1 millisecond per division.
The V position knob changes all displayed waveforms up or down.
The H position knob moves all displayed waveforms left or right.
The pause button stops the digital scope from acquiring in a loop,
and holds the last acquired condition.
Under the file menu there are several options for the scope. The save
waveforms option make possible to place the displayed data into a text file. This can
then be used with other software for further evaluation.
The load waveforms option allows the display of saved data.
Use the print graph function to print the currently displayed graph on the screen.
The print panel option will print the whole panel. This includes the right portion of
the panels, which show knob settings..
Click exit to exit the scope tool.
View connections
This view displays connections currently used. The Check Connections light will illuminate
red if the connections are incorrect. When the connections are correct, the Check
Connections light will be green.
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Transient analysis
The Transient analysis mode permits capture of startup transients via voltage and
current vs. time and torque vs. time.
Within Transient Analysis a submenu is available. Options are File and Zoom Info. Under
File there are three items, Delete Test Result , Output Raw Data to File and Output
RMS Data to File. The Zoom Info option gives directions on how to use the tool on
these graphs.
The Print option prints either plot.
The Trigger source allows the choice between triggering on Voltage (V), or on Current (I)
source.
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Loop acquisition
The option loop acquisition contains two submenus, continuous and timed loop
acquisition continuous mode will run as many consecutive tests as specified, with no
interval between tests.
Timed mode allows the user to specify a number of continuous looped acquisitions, to
be repeated in intervals between tests that are user specific.
The user can chose the start time to either be immediate, or at a specific time and date.
Ending the testing can be similarly chosen.
46
Motor Master +
IEC efficiencies
The IEC efficiencies option shows European Eff from the IEC standard table. This shows
the different efficiency classes as a function of the motors rating, and full load efficiency.
The second tab, the D.O.E. table, shows the minimal nominal efficiency for motors in
accordance to EPAct 92, and [1].
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Test notes
The test notes command allows creation of memos and identifies who tested the motor
ID.
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Override speed
The override speed function is used to manually enter the operating speed prior to
performing electrical measurements.
Increase resolution on Rotor Bar test. For low slip motors, it will increase the
probability of finding a problem.
Note: should be used in constant load application.
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EP acquisition options
If the EXP4000 is being used for quality control to test motors the EP can be
adapted to a one EP for many machines instead of a one to one relationship.
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Display options
The display options menu item allows changes to the looks of the EXP4000 software.
The first field switches between the U.S. Customary and Metric modes. The differences
lie in that U.S. Customary prefers Hp and lb-in for output power of the motor and
torque, respectively, while the metric system chooses to display kW and Nm for the same
physical quantities. The currency ring can change between displaying $ and for the
monetary values. The last field allows switching between displaying phase voltages to line
voltages.
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4
Torque software overview
T3000 torque analysis software
The T3000 torque analysis software allows the user to access the torque domain. If
enabled, the torque domain supplies the demodulated spectrum, torque ripple and
torque spectrum.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
3D demodulated spectrum
Marker
Frequency of interest
Frequency of spectrum
Viewing controls
Channel selector
Frequency range
Band projection
Band scale
53
The Frequency scale at the bottom of the 3D graph has the same meaning as the
scale to the bottom of the projection. Typically, frequency components of interest
are read on these scales. The Channel selector position runs the demodulation
algorithm for voltage, or current of the phases A, B, or C; or over the default torque
setting. The graph amplitude is displayed in volts, amps, or Newton meters. The
Frequency Range setting allows for zooming in or out. The scale Band identifies the
different AM demodulation bands that have been analyzed via the DFLL.
The Viewing Controls allows changing of the settings on the 3D graphs. Disabling
the Projection Only view and enabling the Zoom/Rotate options, allows changes to
viewing of the 3D graph. The particular keys for zooming, panning and restoring,
are described in the zoom info bar located in the result panels.
Torque domain
Two tests are available within the torque domain: Torque ripple and torque spectrum.
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Torque ripple
Torque spectrum
Clicking on torque spectrum, opens a window that shows the frequency spectra of
torque. Scales Newton meter or foot-pounds (lb-ft) for torque. Metric versus US
customary settings are changed under Options, Settings. Zooming is possible by
identifying a frequency range with the two yellow markers. These markers are moved
with the mouse by dragging and dropping. Once the window is identified, operating the
Zoom button will recalculate the frequency components of the signal located between
the yellow vertical markers.
The recalculation is done via the DFLL [h]. This means that the narrower the window
between the markers is, the higher the resolution.
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Options, has a set of three toggle settings. The first one switches between
Logarithmic Plot and Linear Plot for the y-axis scale. The second choice, Units in
KCPM or Units in Hz enables switching the x-axis scaling from and to Hz or KCPM
(1,000 CPM) settings. The last choice of this sub-menu allows to chose between
Mask Electrical Freq. to Unmask Electrical Freq. settings. Masking electrical
Frequencies effectively cuts the peaks in the frequency spectrum, which are
caused by the known electrical fundamental frequency. This setting erases the
saliency of the electrical fundamental peak, and its harmonics.
The Zoom and Restore options cover the identical functions as the Zoom and
Restore buttons of the Spectra panel.
Frequency markers allow the addition of bearing frequency information. To set the
appropriate bearing frequency click on frequency markers and then select bearing.
From the drop down lists choose the company and model number of the bearing. If
the bearing is not available, click on create bearing. Input the needed information. If
the BPFO, BPFI or BSF frequencies are not known, click on Estimate Frequencies
and input the number of balls the bearing has and the frequencies will automatically
will be estimated. After all information is entered click ok. Select which frequency
markers are needed (BPFO, BPFI and BSF) and color associated lines will appear on
the graph. Side band frequencies can also be added to the graph by selecting the
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5
VFD software
VFD3000 (VFD analysis software)
The use of variable frequency drives (VFDs) are widespread. These types of rotating
machinery are highly useful; however, are difficult to analyze for problems due to their
variable nature.
Operation details
The VFD Details window can only be activated, if the measurements were taken in VFD
mode. This window displays the dynamic behavior of voltage level, torque, frequency
and speed as a function of time.
VFD mode
The EXP4000 has 2 different modes of operation: VFD, and non-VFD (60Hz or 50Hz)
line operated. For these two modes the connection requirements are slightly different.
In VFD mode, the Autophasing feature is off. Correct phasing of CTs with respect to
voltage leads needs to be ensured by the operator. Each CT must be connected to the
correct phase and with the correct polarity. In other words, if two or three CTs are
connected to the wrong phases, the results displayed by the EXP4000 will not be correct.
Or if one, two or three of the CTs are hooked up with the wrong polarity (arrow pointing
in the wrong direction) then the results cannot be correct.
The following table displays issues and their corresponding solutions.
Note: If in VFD mode, the Voltage Level is only displayed as a function of time. This
mode of operation is not a pass/caution/warning mode any longer. All voltage level tests
performed in VFD mode will lead to a blue color.
Issue
Note that Vand Isequence do
not coincide
Speed negative,
Torque
negative, kW
positive, pf
positive
Three power
factors
(Details,
Power) are
negative or
load is very
wrong (FAR
too high or
Possible Cause
Voltage is connected in
abc and current in acb
sequence, or vice versa.
Action
Swap two CT connections. (Example:
swap red and yellow CT positions
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Connected to a
generator and not to
a motor
CTs polarity is
wrongly connected
Everything is fine
Turn the CTs around. (Reverse direction of
arrow)
Phasors
In VFD mode, instantaneous current phasor versus the instantaneous voltage phasor is
shown.
Waveforms
In VFD mode, voltage and current for the phase a is shown.
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As with any panel within the EXP4000 software, clicking on the zoom info panel will
give the user a number of options to zoom or pan specific areas of each screens.
Printing the screen is also available.
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6
Continuous monitoring software
Continuous monitoring (streaming)
The CM3000 continuous monitoring software evaluates important operating values of a
machine application, including triggered acquisition and recording. It acquires 11 samples
per second on 41 parameters. The graphical user interface can be rearranged during
operation to suit the particular analysis needs. If recording, it stores all available
channels, not only the ones displayed. A large number of independently operating
triggers can be set, and the stored data can be viewed.
File menu
The file menu is directly linked to the main software of the EXP4000. The user can
create a new database (Ctrl N), open an existing database (Ctrl O), close an existing
database, or exit the program.
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Machine menu
The Machine menu is also interlinked to the EXP4000 main software.
The user can open the machine tree (F2), create a machine (Ctrl M), edit a machine (Ctrl
E), acquire EP serial number or reset an EP serial number. The gathered information will
be recorded to the database.
Tools menu
The tools menu allows the user to access the scope (Ctrl S) or view the connections. As
in the other items, it is directly linked to basic software for the EXP4000.
View Menu
For convenience, there has been a number of preset features developed to evaluate
data. These views can be used as is or the user can customize the screen through the
right click menu.
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Definition
Root mean square of the currents through phases A, B, & C. This
number should be between 30% and 110% of nameplate current.
Voltages
This displays the root mean square of the voltages for A, B, and C in
volts.
The displays the root mean square of the current through the phases
A, B and C CTs in amperes along with the average of the root mean
square values of the 3 phases currents in amperes.
Currents
Power factor
Power
Apparent power
Reactive power
Z angles
Machine
New view
This displays the power factor phases of A, B, & C and the Average
Power Factor for the phases. These values are always equal to or
smaller than one, and increase with the load.
This displays the single-phase real power for phase A, B, C and Total
Power in kilo watts.
Displays single-phase complex power (9 kVA) values for phases A, B,
and C in kilo volt amperes.
Displays single-phase reactive power for phases A, B & C and sum of
the three phases in kilo volt amperes.
Displays the angle between and current phasors of phase A, B, C and
the Average Angle. This number will typically vary between 90 degrees
at no load to 20 degrees at full load for induction motors.
This view displays power out, torque, speed, and percent load. The
power out is the mechanical output power, the torque is the estimated
torque in Nm or lb-in, the speed is the estimated speed of rotation of
the shaft in RPM and finally the percent load is the output load, with
respect to the motors rating in percentage
The user can create a custom view to display the items necessary to
their operation.
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Options
The options menu has two items to choose from, the graph plot mode and event
triggers.
Graph Plot Mode
Within the graph plot mode choose from sweep or continuous.
When operating in sweep mode a red bar will sweep from left to right across the
screen and start again at the beginning.
In continuous mode the tool will continue to gather data and the screen will change as
it reaches the far side and continues forward.
Event triggers
Event triggers are useful to monitor data for pre-defined machine events. When the
chosen condition exists, the data will be recorded for review. The software will continue
to record all channels until all triggers have been recorded. At that point the software
will stop and all events can be reviewed. The software can monitor any or all of the 41
active triggers listed. All channels are continuously monitored and each trigger creates a
separate event, even if the time is overlapping.
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4)
5)
A list of available items will appear. Click on any of the items to create the gauge or
graph.
The graph or gauge will appear and be moveable to place wherever needed on the
screen.
Click to place the graph or gauge.
3)
Choose either autoscale or manual. If manual is chosen, the following screen will
appear. Set the values appropriately and select ok.
4)
If Channel is chosen, the following screen will appear. The user can click on any of
the channels and the graph or gauge will automatically change to that item.
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5)
6)
If the move option is chosen, a hand will appear over the gauge or graph that was right click
upon and this item can be moved to a different place on the screen.
To set the new location, left click.
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Channel description
Item
IA RMS [A]
IB RMS [A]
IC RMS [A]
VA RMS [V]
VB RMS [V]
VC RMS [V]
I Avg RMS [A]
VAvg RMS [V]
I Imbal [%]
V Imbal [%]
IA Angle [deg]
IB Angle [deg]
IC Angle [deg]
VB Angle [deg]
VC Angle [deg]
ZA Angle [deg]
ZB Angle [deg]
ZC Angle [deg]
Power A [Kw]
Power B [Kw]
Power C [Kw]
Total Power [Kw]
Reactive Power C
[kVAr]
Reactive Power Avg
[kVAr]
V over F
Description
Root mean square of the current through the phase A-CT, in amperes. This number
will typically be between 30% and 110% of nameplate current.
Root mean square of the current through the phase B-CT, in amperes. This number
will typically be between 30% and 110% of nameplate current.
Root mean square of the current through the phase C-CT, in amperes. This number
will typically be between 30% and 110% of nameplate current.
Root mean square of the voltage A, in volts.
Root mean square of the voltage B, in volts.
Root mean square of the voltage C, in volts.
Average of the root mean square values of the 3 phases currents, in amperes. This
number will typically be between 30% and 110% of nameplate current.
Average of the three phases root mean square voltages, in volts.
Current unbalance, in %. For machines under load, this value is typically smaller than
an eighth of the % voltage unbalance
Voltage imbalance, in %.
Angle between the current phasor of phase A with respect to the voltage phasor of
phase A (which is locked at 0 degrees). This number is equal to Za angle.
Angle between the current phasor of phase B with respect to the voltage phase of
phase A, in degrees. This number is Zb angle degrees away from Vb angle.
Angle between the current phasor of phase C with respect to the voltage phase of
phase A, in degrees. This number is Zc angle degrees away from Vc angle.
Angle between the voltage phasor of phase B with respect to the voltage phasor of
phase A, in degrees. This number should typically be within 3 degrees from either 120
or 240 degrees.
Angle between the voltage phasor of phase C with respect to the voltage phase of
phase A, in degrees. This number should typically be within 3 degrees from either 120
or 240 degrees.
Angle between the voltage and current phasors of phase A, in degrees. This number
will typically vary between 90 degrees at no load to 20 degrees at full load for
induction motors.
Angle between the voltage and current phasor of phase B, in degrees. This number
will typically vary between 90 degrees at no load to 20 degrees at full load for
induction motors.
Angle between the voltage and current phasor of phase C, in degrees. This number
will typically vary between 90 degrees at no load to 20 degrees at full load for
induction motors.
Average Angle between the voltage and current phasors of their respective phases, in
degrees. This number will typically vary between 90 degrees at no load to 20 degrees
at full load for induction motors.
Single phase real power for phase A, in kilo watts.
Single phase real power for phase B, in kilo watts.
Single phase real power for phase C, in kilo watts.
Total real power, in kilo watts. It is equal to Pa + Pb = Pc.
Single phase reactive power for phase C, in kilo volt amperes.
Sum of the three phases reactive powers, in kVAr.
It displays the instantaneous ratio of voltage level divided by fundamental frequency of
the voltages. For all line-driven machinery, this must be a constant. For most VFD
applications, it also needs to be near a constant value.
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Vibration software overview
Vibration Models
The vibration software allows the connection and analysis of vibration probe data on the
EXP4000. The vibration application can be accessed in two ways. From an Icon on the
desktop or through the EXP4000 software under tools.
Vibration Application
Vibration App
1)
Upon entering the vibration app, the last vibration scan run is displayed on the
screen.
2)
The drop down box right of the start icon will open a drop down box that allows the
user to change from Looped Acquisition to Timed Looped Acquisition. The Run 1
Now option is only available on the instrument to initiate testing. On the desktop
software, this option will not be available.
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1)
2)
3)
4)
To run a looped acquisition, click on the drop down box next to the start button.
Click looped acquisition. The looped acquisition dialog will appear.
Type in the number of tests to be conducted. The default is set to 10.
Click start. The instrument will loop through the given number of tests at 10
second intervals, saving each of the results automatically.
To run a timed looped acquisition, click on the drop down box next to the start
button. Click time looped acquisition. The dialog will appear.
Type in how many tests to be performed and at what time intervals.
Click start. The instrument will then run the required number of tests each hour
and save the results.
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Viewing results
Several options are available in view data between the time waveform, spectrum, and
trending graphs. These options are also different screen between the waveform drop
down button.
View results Time waveform
Acceleration, Velocity, Displacement or to change the graph settings click on the button
with the waveform then click on the needed waveform. The screen will change to match
each setting automatically.
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Add bearings to this tree and set harmonic ranges and sideband ranges for each.
Customize this view with specific color marker colors and text colors. This helps to
visualize specific items when scanning for data.
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Graph Tools
When in a graph (time waveform display, torque versus time, spectrum or trending in
Use Dates mode), there are many options available to help inspect the graph.
Zoom: Click the mouse and drag the cursor to define the area to which to zoom.
Dragging the cursor causes a dotted line to appear showing the area that will be
displayed when the mouse button is released.
Zoom X-axis only: Click the left mouse button and drag the cursor straight parallel to
the X-axis. The dotted lines showing the new display area will shift to vertical lines
showing the portion of the X axis that will be zoomed to.
Zoom Y-axis only: Click the left mouse button and drag the cursor straight parallel to
the Y-axis. The dotted lines showing the new display area will shift to horizontal lines
showing the portion of the zoomed in Y-axis.
Cancel a Zoom: with the left mouse button still depressed, hit the escape key
To undo a Zoom: press the spacebar
Undo all Zoom: Press the Control and Spacebar keys simultaneously
Exporting data
1)
In order to export data to other computers, desktop software or into other software
products, click on the export button and save the file as a comma delimited file for
export.
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8
DC software overview
DC machine Dynamic analysis software
DC summary of tests & features
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Terminology:
Va Armature Voltage
Ia Armature Current
Vf Field Voltage
If Field Current
Connection cases
Current sensor connections:
I)
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Fig 8-3: Portable field voltage connection less than or equal to 500 V
V > 500 V
If the DC motors voltage exceeds 500 V, then a resistive bridge can be used to supply a
lower, proportional voltage to the EXP4000. Fig 8-4 shows this done for the field voltage
circuit.
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1)
2)
3)
Click File and then New Database. The following screen will appear. Type a name
for the new database that is appropriate to the operation and click Ok.
This database will now appear in the tree view on the navigation pane on the
screen. There are three types of database structures.
a. Access Database (*.mdb)
Choose the database structure appropriate to the application.
Opening a database
1)
2)
3)
Close database
Too close a database, click File and then Close Database. This will close the database.
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To create a new test item, click File and then New Test Item. A wizard will appear
to help create a new machine.
Type in the appropriate machine name and click DC machine. Click Next.
Adding an DC machine
3)
DC machine: There are a number of fields that have drop down boxes. The
following list are required fields.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Number of poles: 2, 4 or 6
Has interpoles: Yes/No
Winding: Chooses between shunt, compensated shunt, or permanently
excited
Insulation class: A, F, B, or H.
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e)
4)
5)
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Click Apply and then Close. This saves the changes to the test model.
3)
Click on Delete. A confirmation box will appear. Double check that this action is
appropriate and then click on the appropriate response.
Looped Acquisition
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The user can set the equipment to continually run in a looped mode for a specified
number of tests.
1)
2)
3)
To access the looped acquisition mode click on Online Testing and Looped
Acquisition
Highlight and type in the appropriate number of tests or use the up and down
arrows to reach that number.
Click start after set up is completed.
Tools menu
There are two choices in the Tools menu. The Motor Master+ tool gives the end user a
research tool for motor efficiencies and workability. It helps the user find motors of like
size, capabilities, and efficiencies. It will also allow the user to research motor details to
see if it is working within prescribed tolerances.
Options
There are three different types of options with this menu. These options allow the user
to customize several database features.
General options:
Within the General options set the calculation path to locate the calculator. This will
allow access to an online calculator. Currency can be set from here. The default is in
USD.
1)
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2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Select the currency symbol from the drop down box that represents the money
chosen.
Set the kwH price to help calculate efficiencies and cost savings.
Select from the drop down box the equivalent unit of currency either US or
Metric.
Screen colors can be changed by clicking on any of the color schemes listed.
To save changes click Apply and then OK.
Database
The database options menu allows the user to set the location for the database files
and to set what type of database is to be used as the default. The user can select from
Access Database (*mdb), Sql Express Database (*.mdf), or Sql CE Database (*.bic).
Archive
This option allows the user to set the location of where archives are stored. This is an
important feature to remember if ever looking for or needing to locate an archive.
Also, the Explorer creates a large amount of data points. These data points can create
large databases of many mega-bytes. Within this option menu, the Max Archive Size
can be set so that the data can be sent to different devices without issue. If the
database is larger than the archive max size, the software will break the file size to
appropriate pieces and archive all of the data.
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CT selection
On the top of the screen is a row of CT selections, one for the Field CT and one for the
Armature CT. There are two selections in each. The Field CT is either 10A or 100A
whereas the Armature CT is either 60A or 600A.
Nameplate Information
The information listed in the top portion of the screen is from the nameplate information
that was entered when the machine was created. This information is for reference for
what was originally entered for the machine.
Center Screen
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Va
[%] = Percentage of Synchronou s Speed
If
Parameters:
Waveforms can be zoomed into display cycles.
Zoom in Shift and hold left click button then drag box around area of interest.
Zoom out Ctrl and right click button will return screen to original zoom level.
Practical data resulting from the Waveforms:
Firing sequence
Fining angles determined by amplitude of waveform
o Broken SCR-extreme firing angle
Input voltage unbalance Phases may be off; lack of symmetry in waveforms
3 phase (3+, 3-) SCR switching symmetrical waveforms, unless too much ripple is
present
Typical DC drives will not have a flat waveform, due to six-pulse rectifiers or lack of
ripple capacitors.
Rule: The field circuit does not interact with load. All load related signatures will make it
into the armature but not the field.
Bottom Main Screen
The view connections window gives a real-time look at input signals. Va, Vf, Ia and If
are displayed in terms of average, RMS, min/max, peak-to-peak and percent of
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nameplate. The graph shows waveform shape. Load and torque are plotted versus
time.
Exit
By clicking this button, the software will exit to the desktop.
Test Domains
The right side of the screen has a set of test buttons known as
domains. Click on each individual button to see a subset of buttons
and several test results screens.
Results:
Drive
The Drive domain observes the upstream power. Poor power condition will expose the
motor to unnecessary stress.
1)
2)
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Function of Va: Armature voltage level is the main variable to control speed. It is always
created by the drive; speed varies proportionally to Va.
Speed =
k (Va Ia Ra )
If
And
Synchronous Speed =
Va
If
Typical threshold:
Nominal:-Va_Nameplate<Va<Va_Nameplate
Warning threshold: 120% Va_Nameplate
Caution threshold: 110% Va_Nameplate
Standards: NEMA MG-1 Section 1-12.64
DC machine Va troubleshooting
Result: |Va|>Va nameplate
Possible problem root causes:
Drive settings and motor nameplate data do not coincide.
Drive or sensor problem.
Malfunctioning control circuit or feedback.
Neutral plane is off.
Possible effects:
Operates over rated speed motor
Brush fire Excessive brush sparking due to armature over voltage.
Commutator/brush damage
Field voltage level (Vf)
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Function
Connecting Vf onto the field winding causes the flow of If. This creates the magnetic field
necessary for torque generation.
Typical thresholds
Nominal: |Vf_field_weakening| < |Vf| < |Vf_base_speed|
Warning Thresholds: 120% |Vf_base_speed|
80%f_field_weakening|
Caution Thresholds: 110% |Vf_base_speed|
90% |Vf_field_weakening|
Standards: NEMA MG1 Section 1-12.64
DC machine VF troubleshooting
Result: |Vf| > |Vf_base_speed|:
Possible problem root cause
Case I: If <= If_base_speed
Field circuits resistance is higher than nameplate suggests.
Field winding is running too hot.
Excessive contact resistance in the field circuit.
The field circuits lead lengths cause additional voltage drop prior to reaching field
winding terminals.
Error entering the nameplate information when creating the motor.
Possible Effects:
Contact resistances tend to increase over time. Following this trend, the worsening
contact resistance will lead to over speed trip, or over speed damage to the motor.
The fields resistance varies too much from the drives motor model, which may
introduce stability problems to speed or torque control.
On inexpensive motors with no speed control, the motor can overspeed, possibly
causing damage.
Field lead lengths cause additional voltage drop prior to reaching field winding
terminals.
Many drives have motor models used to offer higher quality speed/torque controls.
The fields resistance varying too much from the drives motor model may introduce
stability problems to speed or torque control.
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Results: |Vf| < |Vf_field_weakening|:
Possible problem root cause
Case I: If < If_field_weakening
Drive setup problem
Drive or sensor malfunction
Possible Effects:
Over speed trip.
Over speed damage.
Series poles connected in series have been removed from the circuit.
Possible problem root cause
Case II: If >= If_field_weakening
Field circuits resistance is lower than nameplate suggests.
Field windings temperature is below standard ambient (40 C) or motor may not
have warmed up yet.
Series elements of the field winding are not part of the circuit (turn-turn faults)
Nameplate vs. Motor issue:
Error entering the nameplate when creating the motor.
Motors nameplate doesnt properly represent the field circuit.
If the field circuits resistance is lower than the nameplate suggests.
Possible Effects:
If the field winding has a turn-turn fault, and if the field voltage has noticeable harmonic
components, the shorted turns are being overheated. The fields ground-wall insulation
will fail prematurely. The amount of overheating due to the harmonic current content
depends upon the amount of Vf_ripple/Vf.
If the ambient temperature is below standard ambient (40 C), and the motor has not
operated for a long enough time, then the field winding is still in the process of heating
up. If the drive does not change the Vf, then If will keep falling until the field winding
reaches a steady state temperature.
Many drives have motor models used to offer higher quality speed/torque controls. The
fields resistance varying too much from the drives motor model may introduce stability
problems to speed or torque control.
The fields resistance varies too much from the drives motor model, which may
introduce stability problems to speed or torque control.
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Armature Voltage Form Factor
Function: Form Factor is defined as:
Va Form Factor =
Va RMS
Va Average
This is a representation of how much Va differs from a pure DC signal. The closer Va
form factor is to 1.0, (the theoretical minimum), the cleaner the signal. Va form factor
greater than 1.0 indicates AC current components in the armature and could mean more
losses.
Typical thresholds
The following boundaries apply to DC motors operating from a rectified AC supply.
Warning thresholds:
120% Va_Rated
Caution thresholds:
110% Va_Rated
80% Va_Rated
90% Va_Rated
Standard: NEMA MG-1 Section 1-12.64
DC Machine Va form fact troubleshooting
Result: Va form factor is too high:
Possible problem root cause
Excessive voltage unbalance feeding the drive.
Unsymmetrical firing of the drives armature circuit switches.
Drives number of pulses too low.
Possible Effects:
The drives supply introduces excessive variations in the motors armature current. This
creates excessive torque ripple for applications defined as essentially torque ripple free.
Some applications, for example extruders, do only function properly if the supplied
torque is sufficiently constant. An excessive Va form factor may cause excessive Ia ripple,
resulting in additional commutator sparking.
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Armature Current Ripple
Function: This is current that produces no torque, yet produces heat. Primarily, Ia
ripple is the response of the circuit to the armature voltage AC components. The
inductance of the motor (and any additional users supplied inductance) can smooth out
the armature current ripple at least to some extent. A reduction in the RMS armature
current ripple reduces the heating of the motor, while a reduction in peak-to-peak
armature current ripple improves the commutating ability of the motor.
Ia Ripple Factor =
( Iamax Ia min )
Ia NP
Typical thresholds
Warning threshold: 2.5 < Ia ripple factor
Caution threshold: 6.0 < Ia ripple factor < 2.5
Standards: NEMA MG-1 Section 1-14.61
DC machine Ia ripple troubleshooting
Result: Armature current ripple is too high:
Possible Root Cause
Va Form is too High:
Drive Malfunction.
Timing of SCRs is Wrong
High AC voltage unbalance
Armature circuits inductance too small.
Possible Effect
The drives supply introduces excessive variations in the motors armature current.
This creates excessive torque ripple for applications defined as essentially torque
ripple free. Some applications, for example extruders, do only function properly if
the supplied torque is sufficiently constant.
AC current components contribute more to heating than to torque generation
aging the armatures prematurely. Additionally, AC armature current components
diminish the commutation capacity.
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Machine
The Machine domain displays the issues directly related to the
motors health. A machine can be a motor or a generator.
1)
2)
Typical thresholds
Warning threshold: 120% rated < Ia
Caution threshold: 110% rated <Ia<120% rated
DC machine Ia troubleshooting
Possible problem root cause
Va level is too high.
Excessive torque is demanded by the load.
Armature may have stalled.
No current in the field.
Possible Effects
Brush fire.
Commutator/brush damage.
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High Field Resistance
Function: Comparison of calculated field resistance to field resistance at rated
conditions.
Rf =
Vf
If
Typical thresholds
R fHot =
V frated
I frated
Rf =
Vf
If
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Typical thresholds
R f ( cold ) = R f ( hot ) T
Where:
T = per unit resistive increase for copper going from ambient temperature up to hottest
allowable temperature for that insulation class.
Warning threshold: 80% Rfcold > Rf
Caution threshold: 90% Rfcold > 80% Rfcold
DC machine Low Field Resistance troubleshooting
Result:
Turn-to-turn short
Field winding is below NEMA ambient temperature (40oC)
Possible effects:
Shortened motor life.
Motor was very recently started.
Ambient temperature is very much below 40oC.
Field current level
Function: If level corresponds to the current flowing through the field winding. Note: It
is critical that the field current never falls too low or moves through the zero point,
otherwise, the motor could over speed or stall.
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Typical thresholds
Warning threshold: 120% rated < If
Caution threshold: 100% rated < If<120% rated
DC machine If troubleshooting
Result:
Field current level is too high.
Possible problem root cause:
Vf too high.
Field circuit resistance too low or cold field windings.
Short in field windings.
Possible effects:
Too many I2R losses.
Result:
Field current level is too low.
Possible effects
Over speed.
Stalling.
Load
The load domain uses the motor as a sensor to look at the driven
load. To fully describe the steady state behavior two components
are supplied
1)
2)
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Torque ripple
Torque ripple is defined as the division of maximal torque divided by average torque
during the acquisition period.
Function:
Torque ripple is a measure of how small the torque band is that surrounds a steady
state average torque.
An important feature of the graph is the overall signature of the instantaneous torque
(torque versus time plot). This signature is the result of the load requirements of the
drive.
T = k Ia If
Boundaries: N/A blue results
Results: Torque ripple is too high
A torque ripple in a ripple-free application indicates a problem.
Possible problem root cause
Load problem
Drive problem
Load level
The motor is required to deliver the load level requested by the load. If there is a change
in the load level, the root cause of that change lies in the driven load, not in the motors
capabilities.
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Function:
Load level displays the test history of the load Dynamic monitoring identifyies
deterioration, which in most cases is gradual making trending important. A gradual
increase of load can be a sign of additional friction in the driven belt system. A decrease
can be traced back to a gradual blockage of the inlet of a fan or a pump. Changing loads
can only be diagnosed with detailed knowledge of the operating process. Expertise in the
particular driven load is necessary to determine whether the measured change is
meaningful for predictive maintenance.
Typical thresholds
Warning threshold: 120%<load
Caution threshold: 110%<load<120%
Possible problem root cause
In case load level is too high:
Possible effects:
Overheating
Waveforms
Waveform shape can be indicative of drive or motor problems. For example, if every sixth
peak of the Vf or Va waveform is smaller than the rest, it is possible that one SCR on a
six-pulse rectifier is not firing properly. Typically, there are no ripple capacitors in a DC
drive, so these waveforms typically are not flat. In addition, an entire missing tooth in the
waveform could indicate a broken SCR. Voltage unbalance should also be visible.
Because there is more inductance in the field than in the armature, If should normally be
relatively small (high resistance) with less ripple than Ia.
Spectrum
Spectra are useful for analyzing the frequency content of time-domain signals. Va, Ia, If,
Vf and torque are transformed to the frequency domain with the DFLL (Digital
Frequency Locked Loop) and/or the FFT (Fast Fourier Transform).
1)
2)
Field Spectrum
Vf and If should have similar spectra at lower frequencies. As frequency increases,
impedance also increases (the impedance is mostly inductive), resulting in If spectrum
beginning to decrease in amplitude at higher frequencies.
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The field circuit does not interact with the load, so any issues found in the field spectra
have to be the result of the voltage sources, the resistance of the field or the inductance
of the field.
A field circuit powered by rectified three-phase AC should display harmonics at the
following locations: DC, 6th, 12th, 18th, etc. There should be no harmonics at multiples
of the second harmonic: 2nd, 4th, 8th, etc. The presence of a second harmonic multiple
could be due to voltage unbalance at the input of the DC drive.
For low ripple applications having excessive If ripple, the inductance of the field circuit
could be too low. This can be corrected by adding additional inductance externally to the
drive and/or motor field circuits.
Armature spectrum
As with field, Va, and Ia should have similar spectra at lower frequencies. However, as
frequency increases, impedance also increases (the impedance is mostly inductive). As a
result, the Ia spectrum should decrease in amplitude at higher frequencies. If this is not
the case, it is due to the machine.
The armature spectra is useful in identifying the following problems.
Raised bar
Raised Mica
Chattering
Neutral plane problems.
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Torque spectrum
The torque spectrum is composed of both electrical and mechanical components. The
electrical component can be reduced by addressing issues pertaining to Va form factor
and armature current ripple, such as voltage unbalance, unsymmetrical firing of SCRs
and insufficient drive pulses. Some applications such as extruders, require very little
torque ripple. In these applications, it is critical that the ripple be addressed. Once the
electrical components of the torque spectrum have been isolated, whatever is left is a
mechanical signature.
Harmonics
Harmonics provide an indication of how much alternating current is feeding the DC
current motor. When a DC current motor is operated from a rectified alternating current
source, rather than from a low ripple source such as a battery, the performance could be
affected, possibly resulting in increased temperature and decreased commutation and
efficiency.
A DC motor operated from rectified three-phase AC should display harmonics at the
following locations: DC, 6th, 12th, 18th, etc.
1)
2)
3)
Click on the harmonics domain button to view the harmonics involved with the
machine under test.
To view the harmonics in different formats, click on the tabs on the top of the
screen.
Click on the check box to view all four channels or as few as needed for each
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4)
Result
The presence of any other harmonic, particularly the 2nd, indicates a lack of symmetry
(except for the case of a single-phase rectifier). Unusually large harmonics represent:
On Va can indicate an unbalance on the rectified supply.
A blown SCR.
On Ia can indicate a high contact resistance.
Reports
To generate a report, select the test records desired. To select multiple test records
simply use the Ctrl or Shift Keys as in any Windows format. Right click and select add
to report. The report will be created and a popup box will appear to save the report in
a .rtf (rich text format) that can be opened in a number of different software packages.
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DC software overview
Nameplate Data:
Hp
Base Speed [RPM]
Field Volts
Field Amps
Winding
LINE 2
DART CONTAINER\LINE 2
3/22/2007 9:07:56 AM
8/15/2007 7:08:34 PM
$[TESTERSN]$
250.00
1750.00
300.00
6.55
Shunt
kW
Max Speed [RPM]
Armature Volts
Armature Amps
Insulation Class
186.50
1750.00
500.00
402.00
A
Measurements
Average Voltage
Max Voltage
Min Voltage
% Rated Voltage
Average Current
Max Current
Min Current
% Rated Current
Field
324.84
693.46
-13.95
108.28
6.95
10.23
3.27
106.15
Test
Field Voltage Level
Arm. Voltage Level
Arm. Voltage FF
Arm. Current Ripple
Arm. Current Level
High Field Resistance
Low Field Resistance
Field Current Level
Load Level
Armature
331.36
658.42
71.27
66.27
306.57
384.23
191.18
66.27
Value
324.84
331.36
1.33
48.02
306.57
146.01
233.61
6.95
0.00
Status
Caution
Pass
Pass
Fail
Pass
Fail
Pass
Caution
Pass
Caution Level
31500.00
52500.00
2.00
6.00
42210.00
110.00
90.00
687.75
100.00
Fail Level
33000.00
55000.00
3.00
9.00
44220.00
120.00
80.00
720.50
110.00
Notes:
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DC software overview
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DC software overview
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9
Physical connection of the the
EXP4000/Connection setup wizard
Connecting the EXP4000
Important safety information
General Safety Precautions
Note: The general safety information presented here is for both operating and service
personnel. Specific warnings and cautions will be found throughout this manual
where they apply.
Note: If the equipment is used in any manner not specified by Baker Instrument
Company, an SKF Group Company, the safety protection provided by the equipment may
be impaired.
Symbols/Labels on equipment
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Warning: When the instrument exterior case is open, the instrument is not water
resistant. Do not allow the opened instrument to be exposed to water. Water in
contact with the interior of the instrument compromises protection features and
could result in serious injury or death.
6)
Warning: Because of the voltages present, the test should be conducted only by
trained personnel, and adequate safety precautions must be taken to avoid injury
to personnel and damage to property.
7)
8)
NOTICE The maximum rating of the EXP4000 is 1,000 V (500 V for DC operation).
1,000 V (500 V DC operation) is the maximum allowable voltage between any two
of the four voltages and the ground clip. Under no circumstances connected the
voltage sensing circuit to higher voltage levels, this will cause severe damage to
instrument.
9)
NOTICE: The maximum voltage rating of the EXP4000 DC current meters is 600 V.
Under no circumstances connect the current sensors to circuits of any higher
voltage, this will cause sever damage to instrument.
112
2)
Connect the marked current clamp-ons to the current signal port on the
EXP4000.
3)
4)
WARNING: To minimize risk of electric shock, make sure the motor is off. Open the
panel of the MCC.
2)
3)
Both the current and the voltage sensors of the EXP4000 are designed for low voltage.
AC Voltage sensors are rated for 600 V DC. Voltage sensors are rated for 500 V. Attach
Hall Effect CTs and DC Voltage Sensors for DC Motor testing applications. In order to
measure medium or high voltage motors, CTs and PTs are required. In this case, the
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The voltage clip-ons and current clamp-ons should match color-wise on each
phase. Ex. The yellow voltage clip-on should be attached to the same phase as the
yellow current clamp-on.
2)
Prior to energizing the motor exercise extreme caution to make sure that no
terminals or clip-ons touch each other or touch ground. Energize the motor.
WARNING: To minimize risk of electric shock, make sure the motor is off.
2)
Connect the current clamp-ons and voltage clip-ons to the terminal box.
3)
NOTE: Make sure current direction arrow points in the direction of the load when
connecting current clamp-ons.
4)
The voltage clip-ons and current clamp-ons should match color-wise on each
phase. Ex: The yellow voltage clip-on should be attached to the same phase as the
yellow current clamp-on.
5)
6)
Exercise extreme caution to make sure that no terminals or clip-ons touch each
other or touch ground when energized.
Connect the other end of the mixed AD cable to the MCC plug.
3)
4)
WARNING: To minimize risk of electric shock, turn the motor off and allow it to
de-energize.
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2)
Phasor diagram
a. A visual interpretation of the setup for easier understanding of the
necessary adjustments.
3)
Warning box
a. Displays warning about current phasor setup. May indicate an improper
setup.
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Troubleshooting CT connections
Error
Reason for error
All Current
Phasors should
be 120 degrees
apart
CT Selection may
be incorrect
Red CT may
be incorrect
Blue CT may be
incorrect
Yellow CT may
be incorrect
Warning Load
estimate is
unusually
high, phasor
setup may be
incorrect.
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Possible resolution
Rotate the Current phasor
controls until all phasors
have approximately a
distance of 120 degrees +/5 degrees from each other.
116
When the connection setup wizard appears the Suggest button is available. The Suggest
buttons purpose is to offer reasonable solutions in error mitigation (see Fig: 5-2). If
there is more that one realistic solution the user will be prompted about load level. A
selection of a high load scenario (90% and higher) or a low load scenario (20% and lower)
can be made. This dialog rarely pops up. Note: This high load and low load scenario may
be an indication of incorrectly entered nameplate data.
Two CT solution:
The two CT solution is based on Kirchhoffs law of currents: The sum of currents
into a node is equal to zero. Note: Calculating the current of the third phase is only
valid while there is no noticeable ground current, so Ia + Ib + Ic IG 0. This is typically
the case; however, a high impedance ground system with one grounded phase is an
exception.
A 2 CT setup is needed if unable to physically connect all three CTs, if all three CTs are
connected but one did not close or it is connected to a wrong wire, etc. If 2 or more CTs
are not connected then the test should be aborted and the CTs manually adjusted.
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In Fig 9-6, there are several problems with the phasor setup. Notice the warnings: Red
CT may be connected improperly and yellow CT may be connected improperly. In the
above position, Ia is roughly where Ib should be, and the yellow phasor is roughly where
the red phasor should be. Please note that although the blue CT was the one
disconnected, the yellow CT is the one that needs to be calculated. This is because within
the physical setup, the red CT was connected where the yellow CT should have been, the
yellow CT was connected where the blue CT should have been, and the blue CT was
disconnected. The Suggest button will be helpful in sorting through setup problems.
All Phasors (currents and voltages) should have an angle between them of 120
degrees 5.
2)
For all induction motors, the current phasor must follow the voltage phasor by a
maximum of 90 degrees.
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There is the possibility that phasors can reside in the high load position or be rotated
180 degrees and be in the low load position. In order to minimize potential errors, we
have provided a load estimate. If the phasors are setup in the high load position and
the load estimate is 300 percent or higher, then the most likely correct solution is to
rotate the phasors to the low load position. (Note: to go from a high load position to a
low load position: rotate each dial one position to the left. To go from a low load
position to a high load position: rotate each dial to the right one position.)
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10
Example test and report generation
This chapter is to give general guidelines for using the EXP4000 dynamic motor monitor. It does not cover all
capabilities of the machine.
Symbols/Labels on equipment
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122
Motor monitoring
Prior to testing, the software must be set up with database structures, machines must
be accurately input and all thresholds for each test must be established. See Chapter 3
Basic software overview for procedures.
After this is done, the EXP4000 must be hooked-up to the machine to be tested. Review
Chapter 9 Physical connection of the EXP4000/Connection setup wizard.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
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If the current draw is incorrect check the CT selection from the front panel or the
connections button. The physical connection may not be right or there is a bad
connection.
Other adjustments
There are a few adjustments within the Options menu dropdown.
Override speed
If the speed is wrong, it can be overridden. Click Options, the override speed. Move the
toggle arrow to the on position and then input the appropriate speed.
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The second acquisition mode is timed. This mode is based on time and date as the
trigger.
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Select the results to be included on the report by placing a check next to the result
in the tree.
A machine summary page is automatically generated for each unique machine that
is being included in the report.
Click on the Filter On tool button to toggle filtering of the results on and off.
Using the Filter sub-menu filter the displayed results by result status
or by a specific data range.
Click the Select toolbar to select all of the displayed results for reporting.
o Using the Select sub-menu, automatically select results based on
result status.
Click the trending on button to view trending parameters. By clicking on the word
Trending On it will change to Trending Off.
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Click on Ok after all parameters for the report have been developed. The report
wizard will now create the report the user can save it as a .rtf type file. It can then
be reviewed in an assortment of software.
1)
2)
3)
Click on test domain button wanted. (i.e. power quality, machine performance,
current, spectrum, torque, connections, VFD details or vibration (if option
available).
Press desired test button for the test wanted. (For this example the power
condition domain is being selected. (i.e. voltage level, voltage unbalance, harmonic
distortion, total distortion, power and harmonics).
Press print.
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Click file and then print summary report. The summary report dialog box will pop
up.
Click in each of the print test toggle boxes that are needed to print.
Click print.
Note: If there is more than one report within the domain chosen, they will
automatically print in order.
Printed reports can be placed on letterhead or other print materials to obtain a
professional written report.
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Appendix A
Default settings
-
Default settings
Test
Electrical
Vibration
Machine Tree
Units
Currency
Voltage
Machine Tree
Filters
Voltage Level
Overvoltage
Under Voltage
Unbalance
Distortion
Rotor Condition
Operating Condition
Service Factor
Over Current
Efficiency
Payback Period
Spectrum Acquisition
Vibration (in/sec)
Operating Condition
Tree Level 1 Name
Tree Level 2 Name
US Customary
Dollars ($)
Line to Ground
Show Machines with No Tests
Yellow
Red
10%
5%
3%
5%
45 dB
5%
1
100%
5%
24 Mo.
3000 FMax
0.15
10%
Location
Building
20%
10%
5%
8%
36 dB
10%
1.1
110%
10%
12 Mo.
1.37 Acq Time
0.35
20%
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Default settings
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Appendix B
Troubleshooting
Connection troubleshooting
General
The EXP4000 has 2 different modes of operation: Non-VFD (60Hz or 50Hz line
operated) or VFD (Variable Frequency Drive mode). The requirements for either of
these modes are slightly different from a connection standpoint of view. For VFD
connection troubleshooting, please see Chapter 5.
Possible cause
Action
Monitored
speed is wrong
Motor is
running at high
load, yet
EXP4000 is
displaying low
load
Motor is
running at no
load, yet
EXP4000 is
displaying a
high load
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Troubleshooting
Possible cause
Action
CTs are
a.
facing the wrong direction
b.
connected to the wrong phase
The EXP4000 shows the wrong speed. It displays the operating speed as synchronous
speed (3600rpm, 1800rpm, 1200rpm, 900rpm, etc for 60Hz or 3000rpm, 1500rpm,
1000rpm, etc for 50Hz operation). However, the motor is running at speeds lower than
that. What is the problem?
When creating a new machine, the nameplate speed needs to be entered into the speed
field of the Create Machine, or Edit Machine panel. If the synchronous speed was
entered, then the EXP4000 expects to be testing a synchronous machine, and not an
induction machine. For a synchronous machine, displaying the synchronous speed is
correct.
1)
2)
How do I connect the EXP4000 to the secondaries of PTs if I have an open delta
configuration?
Open Delta configurations are the most common case in the field for medium or high
voltage motors.
1)
2)
3)
4)
Ensure all safety precautions are being followed, when working with live voltage.
See Preface for safety precautions.
Identify the three different points in the MCC that show the same voltage (typically
100V 200V) when connecting A-B, B-C, C-A. One of these pins typically is the
ground pin.
Clip the ground connection to a viable ground in the MCC. Note that commonly, this
will be one of the three pins that was previously identified.
Connect the three phase clipons to each one of the pins that was identified.
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Troubleshooting
How do I connect the EXP4000s portable CTs if I have only 2 CTs installed in my
medium or high voltage motor?
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Troubleshooting
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134
Appendix C:
Blue results
Conditions under which test show blue results:
Blue results are results that have no threshold comparison but give valuable information
about the machine.
Voltage level
Rotor bar
Efficiency
Payback
period
Torque ripple
Details (all)
Current
Imbalance
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Blue Results
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Appendix D
EP1000 installation
To obtain complete installation drawings and templates, please contact Baker Instrument
Company, an SKF Group Company and ask for document number:
71-028
What to do first:
Please verify all needed materials are in package:
-
EP1000
3 CTs
Terminal block cover and hardware
MCC cable
EP mounting hardware
Template for EP enclosure mounting.
Tools Needed:
Small flathead screwdriver
Pencil or felt-tip pen
Phillips Screwdriver
Hand drill
Set of Drill bits
Greenlee 2-1/2 punch.
Materials Needed:
Switchboard wire, SIS #14, 600 V
Wire lugs, 14-16 AWG, #8
Splice sleeves 14-16 AWG
Ty-wraps, T&B 7
Wire, #14, 600 V color green (Ground Connection)
Control Cable, 3/C #14 AWG, 600 V, EPR/CPE
Tag Book, ABC (T&B)
Fuse Block (PT) 600 V/2 Amp
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EP1000 installation
15) WARNING: Because of the dangerous currents, voltages, and forces encountered,
safety precautions must be taken for all tests. Follow all corporate guidelines and
those included here. Due to the wide diversity of machine applications, no attempt
is made here to list or review all specific manifold general safety precautions.
However, this manual includes special safety precautions applicable to the use of
the EXP4000.
16) NOTICE: The maximum rating of the EXP4000 is 1,000 V (500 V for DC
operation). 1,000 V (500 V DC operation) is the maximum allowable voltage
between any two of the four voltages and the ground clip. Under no circumstances
connected the voltage sensing circuit to higher voltage levels, this will cause severe
damage to instrument.
17) NOTICE: The maximum voltage rating of the EXP4000 DC current meters is 600 V.
Under no circumstances connect the current sensors to circuits of any higher
voltage, this will cause sever damage to instrument.
Hardware Installation
NOTE: It is necessary that each EP is provided 3 phase voltage (not in excess of 1,000 V
AC) and a good ground. Some switchgear installations will require this voltage to be
wired from the bus cabinet to each cabinet being outfitted with an EP. For motors rated
at voltages higher than 1,000 V AC, secondary output voltage from the PTs are
acceptable as long as all three phases are present as line to line voltages, and are lower
than 1,000 V AC.
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EP1000 installation
The EP must be installed in a cabinet or enclosure that is secured with a tool or key
lock.
Voltage and Current lines can be easily and safely ran to the EP in accordance with
applicable electrical codes.
The connector cable can reach the cabinet door, and the movement of the door is
not restricted.
The EP does not interfere with or complicate the mechanical operation of the
cabinet (i.e. doors opening, terminal blocks covered, slide rack interference).
The physical location of the EP does not cause an electrical, environmental, or
safety hazard.
An Earth ground from the motor cabinet to the EP ground stud is installed.
The EP may be affixed to the interior of the cabinet by any means deemed appropriate;
however, it is recommended that a positive mounting system such as metal screws be
utilized. Supplied with the EP is a mounting template for the enclosure, as well as self
tapping metal screws. The template is a 1:1 representation of the EP enclosure, and can
be used for location assessment as well as mounting hole placement. Once the location is
decided:
1)
2)
3)
4)
4)
5)
Verify that all three CTs are marked with the same bin number; this is a number
between 1 and 5.
The supplied CT donuts are to be placed on the three voltage feeds to the motor.
These should be placed on the load-side of any line protection devices (circuit
breakers). Care should be taken to ensure the dots on the CTs point toward the
load (motor). Red is phase A, blue is phase B, and yellow is phase C.
The Baker CTs should be installed on the output of existing CTs in the system for
all motors operated at voltages above 1,000 V. Check that the output of the
secondary is less than or equal to the rating of the Baker CTs.
Ensure there is enough wire length to connect to the EP. If installed CTs are used,
be sure to note the ratio, as this information will be needed when creating a motor
ID.
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EP1000 installation
Voltage Connections:
NOTE: On motors with input voltages higher than 1,000 VAC it will be necessary to make
the connection after a Power Transformer (PT) located between the voltage source and
the EP.
Three-phase voltage should be connected to the EP once it is installed. Installing a fuse
block near the EP, connected in-line between the EP and the voltage source, is
recommended. Ensure there is enough wire length to connect to the EP.
Electrical Connections:
Once the EP has been mounted, CTs have been installed, and three-phase voltage lower
than 1,000 VAC is made available, the electrical connections may be made.
1)
2)
Connect the three CT twisted pairs to the EP current terminal block corresponding
to the appropriate phase, marked Ia, Ib and Ic (from right-to-left); white wire on
the right and black wire on the left for each phase. Tightening torque is 0.5 N-m.
Connect the three voltage leads to the EP voltage terminal block corresponding to
the appropriate phase, marked Va, Vb and Vc, being sure to connect a ground to
the ground position of the voltage plug. Tightening torque is 9 in-lb.
Additionally, the MCC ground should be connected to either of the ground
studs on the EP enclosure.
Caution: Make sure that the voltage wiring for each phase is completely captured by its
corresponding phase in the EP voltage plug (i.e. No wire strands poking out)
3)
Mount the cover over the top of the voltage terminal block by either using the
supplied screws and nylon spacers (plexiglass cover only), or by snapping in place.
For the plexiglass cover, the screws thread directly into mounting holes in the EP
case, 0.437 inches above and below the top and bottom voltage terminal block
mounting screws, respectively.
4)
Connect the MCC cable (the end opposite the panel plug) to the A/D Bus DB25
receptacle of the EP, and secure in place with the captive screws.
5)
Provide strain relief for all current and voltage wiring, as well as the DB25 cabling
at the EP enclosure.
Verification of Installation:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Energize cabinet
Connect umbilical cable between Explorer and EP panel plug.
Open the Explorer software and create a new motor id.
Set Sensors switch to EP position
Press Run Electrical button
Troubleshooting:
EP1000 Ratings:
-
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EP1000 installation
No voltage
signature
MCC Sensor
Error
Autophasing
not successful
or V
sequence does
not match I sequence
EP not
associated with
a Motor ID
Voltages and/or
currents are
too small
Replace EP fuses
Verify all connections between EP and Explorer
Verify correct voltage and current hookup. Verify arrows on CTs point toward
load.
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EP1000 installation
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EP1000 installation
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144
Appendix E
References
List of References:
Standards:
[1]
[a]
[b]
[c]
[d]
[e]
[f]
[g]
[h]
[i]
[j]
[k]
[l]
[m]
Literature:
Mohan, Underland, Robbins, Power Electronics, Wiley & Sons, 1989,
second edition, ISBN 0-471-58408-8.
El-Hawary, Electrical Power Systems, Reston Publishing Company, 1983,
ISBN 0-8359-1627-4.
Gross, Power System Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, 1979, ISBN 0-47101899-6.
Stevenson, Elements of Power System Analysis, 1982, fourth edition, ISBN
0-07-061278-1.
Fink, Beaty, Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers, McGraw Hill,
2000, fourteenth edition, ISBN 0-07-022005-0.
Dorf, The Electrical Engineering Handbook, CRC Press, 1993, ISBN 08493-0185-8.
Fitzgerald, Kingsley, Electrical Machinery. The Dynamics and Statics of
Electromechanical Energy Conversion, McGraw-Hill, 1961, New York,
Toronto, London, second edition.
Wiedenbrug, Measurement Analysis and Efficiency Estimation of Three
Phase Induction Machines Using Instantaneous Electrical Quantities,
Dissertation submitted to Oregon State University September 24th, 1998.
Buscarello, Practical Solutions to Machinery and Maintenance Vibration
Problems, Revised Edition, Update International, Inc., 1997.
OFlynn, Moriarty, Linear Systems Time Domain and Transform Analysis,
Harper & Row, 1987, ISBN 0-06-044925
Lke, Signalbertragung, Grundlagen der digitalen und analogen
Nachrichtenbertragungssystheme, Springer Verlag, third edition, 1988,
ISBN 3-540-19435-5.
Gabel, Roberts, Signals and Linear Systems, John Wiley and Sons, second
edition, 1980, ISBN 0-471-04958-1
Karni, Byatt, Mathematical Methods in Continuous and Discrete Systems,
Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1982, ISBN 0-03-057038-7
Glossary of Terms
Average Power Factor: Average of three single phase power factors.
Clampons: Split core clamp on CT's.
Clipons: Clips for voltage pickup.
Crest Factor: Difference between the sine wave peak and the RMS value.
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References
Current: The time rate of flow of electric charge, in the direction that a positive moving
charge would take and have magnitude equal to the quantity of charge per unit time:
measured in amperes.
Efficiency: Defined as output power divided by input power.
Electrical Model: A group of Electrical thresholds.
EP: External Port
Harmonics: Periodic motion consisting of one or more vibratory motions that are
symmetric about a region of equilibrium, as the motion of a vibrating string of a musical
instrument.
Haystack: Name of the NEMA guideline to Vibration. Speed versus Frequency in a
double logarithmic scale.
Horsepower: A foot pound second unit of power, equivalent to 550 foot pounds per
second or 745.7 watts.
Kilowatt: A unit of power equal to 1000 Watts.
Load: What the motor drives.
MCC: Motor Control Cabinet
Motor ID: Unique name tot he motor to be tested.
NEMA Derating Factor: Factor between 1 and 0. Displays how much a motor has to
be derated, according to NEMA, to accommodate for sub-optimal voltage conditions.
NEMA Unbalance: Number commonly defined in percent according to an algorithm
specified by NEMA. Displays how much of relative unbalance is part of the voltage
condition.
Newton-Meters: Metric unit of torque.
Overcurrent: Measure of operating current in percent, comparing to the motor's
nameplate.
Phasors: A vector that represents a sinusoidal varying quantity, as a current or
voltage, by means of a line rotating about a point in a plane, the magnitude of the
quantity being proportional to the length of the line and the phase of the quantity
being equal to the angle between the line and a reference line.
Pound-Feet: English system.
Power Factor: Relative amount of operating current and voltage used to transmit
146
References
Thresholds: The point at which a stimulus is of sufficient intensity to produce an
affect.
Torque Ripple: Measure of time-varying torque divided by steady state, or average
torque.
Total Harmonic Distortion: Measure of harmonic content to a signal when
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References
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148
Appendix F
Technical specifications
CD R/W
Computer OS
Battery
Networking
Power
Processor
Ram
Storage
Video
Sensors
AC voltage clips
DC voltage clips
Vibration sensor (optional)
Case
Environment
Dimensions
Power Supply requirements
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Technical specifications
Current Transformers - AC
Current Clamp On
10A (AC)
150A (AC)
1000A (AC)
3000A (AC)
Output Signal
Measurement
Range
Insulation
Jaw Opening
Accuracy
10A/1V
0.01A to 10A
150A/1.5V
.01A to 150A
1000A/2.5V
0.1A to 1000A
600V RMS
20mm
0.1 to 0.5A 2.5%
R 0.1mV
0.5 to 1A: 2.5%
R
1 to 10A: 1% R
600V RMS
20mm
0.1 to 1A: 2.0%R
0.2mV
10 to 80A: 1%R
0.2mV
80 to 150A: 1.5%R
0.2mV
Weight
Dimensions
3 * 180g
139 x 51 x
30mm ea
3 * 180g
139 x 51 x 30mm
ea.
600V RMS
57mm
0.1 to 10A:3%
0.1A of R
10A: 3% of R
50A: 1.5% of R
200A: 0.75% of
R
1000A: < 0.5% of
R
3 x 550g
111 x 216 x 45
mm ea.
0.3 mV/A
5 to
3000A
1000 V
8 in
1% of
Reading
Current Transformers - DC
Output
Measurement range
Overload
Working Voltage
Accuracy
Weight
Dimensions
10A/100ADC
10A: 100mV/A
100A: 10mV/A
100mA to 100 A
Red LED indicates
overload
600 Vrms
50mA to 10A: 3% of
reading 50mA
500mA to 40A: 4%
of reading 50mA
40A to 100A: 15%
max @ 100A
11.6 oz
231 x 36 x 67 mm
60A/600ADC
60: 10mV/A
600A: 1mV/A
0.2A to 600A
2000 ADC cont. up
to 1 kHz
600 Vrms
60A:
0.5 to 40A: 1.5% of
reading 0.5A
40 to 60A: 1.5% of
reading
600A:
0.5 to 100A: 1.5%
of Reading 1A
100 to 400A: 2% of
Reading
400 to 600A: 2.5%
of Reading
15 oz
224 x 97 x 44 mm
4000A/7500ADC
4000A/2 V
7500A/1.5 V
40A 7500A
600 V
1.5%
4.25 lbs
13.23 x 5.4 x 2.0 in.
Connectors
Function
AC/DC Voltage Port
AC/DC Current Port
Outlet
EP/Vib Port
8/17/2010 | 71-005 V3 EN
EXP4000
Number
1
1
1
1
Type
Cannon Jack
Cannon Jack
Standard 110-230V
Cannon Jack
150
Index
Index
A
Acquire EP 37, 41
Assign Elec. Test Model 42
C
Channel 44
Connecting 111
Continuous 46
Create Elec. Test Model 42
Create Motor 37
Current Clamp On 150
Current Unbalances 17, 24
D
Database 29, 35, 36
Database Management 29
databases 29
Demodulated Spectrum 53
derating factor 31
E
Edit Elec. Test Model 43
Efficiency test 22
Electrical 129, 146
Energy Assessment 127
Environmental 15
F
File Menu 35
Freeze 44
H
H position 44
Harmonic Distortion 17, 18, 127, 147
Harmonics 17, 20, 25, 127, 146
L
Load 44, 127, 146
Loop Acquisition 46
8/17/2010 | 71-005 V3 EN
EXP4000
M
MCC 14, 113, 114, 123, 146
Menus 35
Motor Performance 127
N
NEMA 31, 146
O
Operating Condition 17, 21, 129
Options 48
overcurrent test 23
Override Speed 49
P
Panels 31
Payback Period 17, 23, 129
Phase current 43
Phase to ground 43
Phase to phase 43
Power 17, 19, 30, 36, 59, 65, 70, 127, 132,
145, 146
Power Condition 127
Power Quality 17
Print Currents 45
Print Graph 44
Print Panel 44
Print Summary 35, 36, 128
Print Voltages 45
R
Recall/Delete 35
Report and Exit 35
rotor bar test 25
S
Save 44
Scope 43, 44
Sec/Div 44
Sensors 113
Serial 37, 41
Shipment 16
Spectrum Domain 24, 53
151
Index
T
Test Notes 48
Test Results 35
Timed 46
Tools Menu items 43
Torque Domain 53, 54
Torque Ripple 53, 54, 55, 147
Total Distortion 17, 18, 127
Trigger 45
V
V position 44
V/I Spectrum 25
VFD Details 59, 61, 127
Vibration 43, 71, 129, 146, 147, 149
Vibration probe 149
Voltage Clips 149
voltage unbalance test 30, 31
W
Waveforms 17, 26, 30, 60
Units/Div 44
User Level 48
8/17/2010 | 71-005 V3 EN
EXP4000
152