Agricultural Waste Characteristics
Agricultural Waste Characteristics
Agricultural Waste Characteristics
States
Chapter
4
Department of
Agriculture
Soil
Conservation
Service
Part 651
Agricultural Waste Management
Field Handbook
(210-AWMFH, 4/92)
41
Chapter 4
Chapter 4
Contents:
Part 651
Agricultural Waste Management
Field Handbook
Agricultural Waste
Characteristics
651.0400
Introduction
41
41
651.0402
Units of measure
45
651.0403
Other wastes
418
(a) Residential waste ..........................................................................................418
(b) Food wastes and wastewater ......................................................................420
(c) Silage leachate .............................................................................................. 423
651.0405
References
(210-AWMFH, 4/92)
423
43
4i
Chapter 4
Tables
Table 41
Part 651
Agricultural Waste Management
Field Handbook
42
terms
Table 42
46
Table 43
47
Table 44
47
Table 45
48
Table 46
49
Table 47
49
Table 48
410
Table 49
411
Table 410
411
411
Table 411
412
Table 412
Table 413
413
feedlot runoff
4ii
44
Table 414
414
Table 415
415
Table 416
415
Table 417
416
Table 418
416
Table 419
417
Table 420
417
Table 421
418
Table 422
Table 423
(210-AWMFH, 4/92)
419
Chapter 4
Part 651
Agricultural Waste Management
Field Handbook
Table 424
420
Table 425
420
wastewater
Table 426
421
Table 427
421
sludge
Table 428
422
wastewater
Figures
Table 429
Figure 41
410
Figure 42
413
swine
Figure 43
414
(210-AWMFH, 4/92)
4iii
45
Chapter 4
Chapter
4
651.0400 Introduction
651.0401 Definitions of
waste characterization
terms
(210-AWMFH, 4/92)
41
Chapter 4
Definitions and descriptions of waste characterization terms (% w.b. is percent measured on a wet basis, and
% d.b. is percent measured on a dry basis)
Table 41
Term
Part 651
Agricultural Waste Management
Field Handbook
Abbreviation
Units of
measure
Definition
Method of measurement
Remarks
Physical Properties
Weight
Wt
lb
Quantity or mass.
Scale or balance.
Volume
Vol
ft3; gal
Space occupied in
cubic units.
Moisture MC
content
Total
solids
TS
%
% w.b.;
% d.w.
Volatile
solids
VS; %
TVS % w.b.;
% d.w.
Fixed
solids
FS; %
TFS % w.b.;
% d.w.
Dissolved DS; %
solids TDS % w.b.;
% d.w.
Suspended SS %
solids
TSS % w.b.;
% d.w.
Total suspended
solids may be further
analyzed for volatile
and fixed suspended
solids parts.
42
(210-AWMFH, 4/92)
Chapter 4
Table 41
Term
Part 651
Agricultural Waste Management
Field Handbook
Abbreviation
Units of Definition
measure
Method of measurement
Remarks
Chemical Properties
Ammoniacal
nitrogen
(total
ammonia)
Ammonia NH3N
nitrogen
mg/L
mg/L
g/L
AmmoNH4N
nium
nitrogen
mg/L
g/L
Total
kjeldahl
nitrogen
TKN
mg/L
g/L
Nitrate
nitrogen
NO3N
mg/L
g/L
Total
nitrogen
TN
N
%; lb
Macro-nutrient for
plants.
Phosphorus P
%; lb
Acid-forming element
that combines readily
with oxygen to form the
oxide P2O5. As a plant
nutrient, it promotes rapid
growth, hastens maturity,
and stimulates flower,
seed, and fruit production.
g/L
(210-AWMFH, 4/92)
43
Chapter 4
Table 41
Term
Part 651
Agricultural Waste Management
Field Handbook
Abbreviation
Units of
measure
Definition
Method of measurement
Remarks
Chemical Properties
Potassium K
%; lb
5-day
BOD5
Biochemical
Oxygen
Demand
Chemical COD
Oxygen
Demand
Estimate of total
oxygen that could be
consumed in oxidation of waste material.
44
(210-AWMFH, 4/92)
Chapter 4
Part 651
Agricultural Waste Management
Field Handbook
(210-AWMFH, 4/92)
45
Chapter 4
Amounts of the major nutrients, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), are always presented
in terms of the nutrient itself. Only the nitrogen quantity in the ammonium compound (NH4) is considered
when expressed as ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N).
Commercial fertilizer formulations for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium and recommendations are
expressed in terms of N, P2O5, and K2O. When comparing the nutrient content of a manure, waste, or residue
with commercial fertilizer, the conversion factors
listed in table 42 should be used and comparisons on
the basis of similar elements, ions, and/or compounds,
should be made.
Part 651
Agricultural Waste Management
Field Handbook
C=
Table 42
100 % ash
1.8
Multiply
By
To get
NH3
NH4
NO3
N
N
N
0.824
0.778
0.226
1.216
1.285
4.425
N
N
N
NH3
NH4
NO3
PO4
P2O5
P
P
0.326
0.437
3.067
2.288
P
P
PO4
P2O5
Daily as excreted manure production data are presented where possible in pounds per day per 1,000
pounds livestock live weight (lb/d/1000#) for typical
commercial animals and birds. Units of cubic feet per
day per 1,000 pounds live weight (ft3/d/1000#) allow
waste production to be calculated on a volumetric
basis. Moisture content and total solids are given as a
percentage of the total wet weight (% w.b.) of the
manure. Total solids are also given in units of lb/d/
1000#. Other solids data and the nutrient content of
the manure are presented in units of lb/d/1000# on a
wet weight basis.
K2O
K
0.830
1.205
K
K2O
ppm
0.0083
lb/1000 gal
46
(210-AWMFH, 4/92)
Chapter 4
(1) Bedding
Livestock producers use a wide range of bedding
materials as influenced by availability, cost, and performance properties. Both organic and inorganic
materials have been used successfully. Unit weights of
materials commonly used for bedding dairy cattle are
given in table 43.
Table 43
Material
Loose
Part 651
Agricultural Waste Management
Field Handbook
Table 44
Chopped
Material
Legume hay
Nonlegume hay
Straw
Wood shavings
Sawdust
Soil
Sand
Ground limestone
- - - - - - - lb/ft3 - - - - - - 4.25
6.5
4.00
6.0
2.50
7.0
9.00
12.00
75.00
105.00
95.00
(210-AWMFH, 4/92)
5.4
5.7
2.7
3.1
1.5
9.3
11.0
47
Chapter 4
Part 651
Agricultural Waste Management
Field Handbook
(3) Soil
Soil is another natural adulterant of livestock manure.
Its presence is most common on dairies on which the
cows have access to paddocks and pastures. Dry soil
adheres to the cows bodies in limited amounts. Wet
soil or mud adheres even more, and either falls off or
is washed off at the dairy barn. Soil and other inorganic materials used for freestall base and bedding are
also added to the manure. Soil or other inorganic
materials commonly added to manure can result in a
waste that has double the fixed solids content of as
excreted dairy manure.
(c) Dairy
Table 45
Component
Weight
Volume
Moisture
TS
VS
FS
COD
BOD5
N
P
K
TDS
C:N ratio
10%
30%
50%
10%
Units
lb/d/1000#
ft3/d/1000#
%
% w.b.
lb/d/1000#
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
- - - - - - - - Cow - - - - - - Lactating
Dry
80.00
1.30
87.50
12.50
10.00
8.50
1.50
8.90
1.60
0.45
0.07
0.26
0.85
10
Heifer
82.00
1.30
88.40
11.60
9.50
8.10
1.40
8.50
1.20
0.36
0.05
0.23
85.00
1.30
89.30
10.70
9.14
7.77
1.37
8.30
1.30
0.31
0.04
0.24
13
14
(210-AWMFH, 4/92)
Chapter 4
scale, the values of 8.9 lb/d and 7.6 lb/d are found for
TS and VS, respectively. Fixed solids, which are determined by taking the difference between TS and VS,
equal 1.3 lb/d (8.9 7.6).
Example 42: Estimate the daily production of total
volatile and fixed solids in the manure of a herd of 125
cows of 1,400 pound average weight producing 19,200
pounds of milk per cow per year.
Entering figure 41 on the horizontal scale at the
annual milk production level of 19,200 pounds and
projecting vertically to the TS and VS curves for the
1,400 pound cow and then horizontally to the vertical
scale, the values of 14.2 lb/d and 12.1 lb/d are found for
TS and VS, respectively. Multiplying each of these
values by 125, the number of cows in the herd, and
determining FS from the difference of TS and VS, the
daily manure solids produced by the herd are:
TS = (125 14.2 ) = 1, 775 lb / d
VS = (125 12.1) = 1, 513 lb / d
Table 46
Component
Units
Volume
Moisture
TS
VS
FS
COD
BOD
N
P
K
C:N ratio
ft3/d/1000#
%
% w.b.
lb/1000 gal
"
"
"
"
"
"
0.22
99.72
0.28
12.90
10.60
25.30
0.72
0.58
1.50
10
0.60
99.40
0.60
35.00
15.00
41.70
8.37
1.67
0.83
2.50
12
1.40
1.60
99.70 98.50
0.30
1.50
18.30 99.96
6.70 24.99
1.00
0.23
0.57
10
Table 47
- - - - - - - - - Milking center* - - - - - - - - MH
MH+MP
MH+MP+HA
**
***
7.50
0.83
3.33
7
Part 651
Agricultural Waste Management
Field Handbook
Component
Moisture
TS
VS
FS
COD
BOD5
N
NH4-N
P
K
C:N ratio
Units
%
% w.b.
lb/1000 gal
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
99.75
0.25
9.16
11.66
12.50
2.92`
1.67
1.00
0.48
4.17
3
90.00
10.00
383.18
449.82
433.16
20.83
4.17
9.16
12.50
10
99.95
0.05
1.67
2.50
1.25
0.29
0.17
0.10
0.08
(210-AWMFH, 4/92)
49
Chapter 4
Figure 41
(d) Beef
15
14
TS
13
Part 651
Agricultural Waste Management
Field Handbook
1400 lb cow
VS
12
11
10
TS
9
1000 lb cow
Table 48
VS
Component
Note: FS = TS VS
Units
6
9,000
10,000
12,000
14,000 16,000
Milk production, lb/yr
18,000
Feeder, yearling
- 750 to 1,100 lb High
High
forage
energy
diet
diet
450 to
750 lb
Cow
59.10
0.95
88.40
11.60
6.78
6.04
0.74
6.11
1.36
0.31
0.11
0.24
11
58.20
0.93
87.00
13.00
7.54
6.41
1.13
6.00
1.30
0.30
0.10
0.20
12
63.00
1.00
88.40
11.60
7.30
6.20
1.10
6.00
1.20
0.33
0.12
0.26
10
20,000
Weight
lb/d/1000#
Volume ft3/d/1000#
Moisture
%
TS
% w.b.
lb/d/1000#
VS
"
FS
"
COD
"
BOD5
"
N
"
P
"
K
"
C:N ratio
"
51.20
0.82
88.40
11.60
5.91
5.44
0.47
5.61
1.36
0.30
0.094
0.21
10
410
(210-AWMFH, 4/92)
Chapter 4
Table 49
Component
Unsurfaced
lot*
Weight
lb/d/1000#
Moisture
%
TS
% w.b.
lb/d/1000#
VS
"
FS
"
N
"
P
"
K
"
C:N ratio
17.50
45.00
55.00
9.60
4.80
4.80
0.21
0.14
0.03
13
Table 410
11.70
53.30
46.70
5.50
3.85
1.65
5.30
52.10
47.90
2.50
1.75
0.75
Part 651
Agricultural Waste Management
Field Handbook
Component
Units
Moisture
TS
VS
FS
COD
N
NH4-N
P
K
%
% w.b.
lb/1000 gal
"
"
"
"
"
"
99.70
0.30
7.50
17.50
11.67
1.67
1.50
7.50
82.80
17.20
644.83
788.12
644.83
51.66
17.50
14.17
Table 410a Nitrogen content of cattle feedlot runoff (Alexander and Margheim 1974)1
Annual rainfall
Below-average conditions2
Average conditions3
Above-average conditions4
360
60
15
110
30
10
60
15
5
Applies to waste storage ponds that trap rainfall runoff from uncovered, unpaved feedlots. Cattle feeding areas make up 90 percent or more
of the drainage area. Similar estimates were not made for phosphorus and potassium. Phosphorus content of the runoff will vary inversely
with the amount of solids retained on the lot or in settling facilities.
No settling facilities are between the feedlot and pond, or the facilities are ineffective. Feedlot topography and other characteristics are
conducive to high solids transport or cause a long contact time between runoff and feedlot surface. High cattle densitymore than 250 head
per acre.
Sediment traps, low gradient channels, or natural conditions that remove appreciable amounts of solids from runoff. Average runoff and
solids transport characteristics. Average cattle density125 to 250 head per acre.
Highly effective solids removal measures, such as vegetated filter strips or settling basins that drain liquid waste through a pipe to storage
pond. Low cattle densityless than 120 head per acre.
411
Chapter 4
(e) Swine
that may be allowed to overflow to lagoons or longerterm storage units. Daily accumulation of such waste
cannot be accurately predicted. Table 412 presents
concentration data on solids and nutrients in swine
waste in tanks. Using these concentrations and the
volume of waste on hand, plans for use of the waste
can be made.
Component
Weight
Volume
Moisture
TS
VS
FS
COD
BOD5
N
P
K
TDS
C:N ratio
Part 651
Agricultural Waste Management
Field Handbook
Units
lb/d/1000#
ft3/d/1000#
%
% w.b.
lb/d/1000#
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Grower
40 220 lb
Replacement
gilt
63.40
1.00
90.00
10.00
6.34
5.40
0.94
6.06
2.08
0.42
0.16
0.22
1.29
7
32.80
0.53
90.00
10.00
3.28
2.92
0.36
3.12
1.08
0.24
0.08
0.13
7
- - - - - - Sow - - - - - Gestation
Lactation
27.20
0.44
90.80
9.20
2.50
2.13
0.37
2.37
0.83
0.19
0.06
0.12
6
60.00
0.96
90. 00
10. 00
6.00
5.40
0.60
5.73
2.00
0.47
0.15
0.30
6
Boar
Nursing/
nursery pig
0 40 lb
20.50
0.33
90.70
9.30
1.90
1.70
0.30
1.37
0.65
0.15
0.05
0.10
106.00
1.70
90.00
10.00
10.60
8.80
1.80
9.80
3.40
0.60
0.25
0.35
* Average daily production for weight range noted. Increase solids and nutrients by 4% for each 1% feed waste more than 5%.
412
Table 412
Component
Farrow
Nursery
Moisture
%
96.50 96.00
TS
% w.b.
3.50
4.00
VS
lb/1000 gal 189.85 233.27
FS
"
101.64 99.97
N
"
29.16 40.00
"
23.32 33.32
NH4-N
P
"
15.00 13.32
K
"
23.32 13.32
C:N ratio
4
3
Table 413
Component
Part 651
Agricultural Waste Management
Field Handbook
Moisture
%
TS
% w.b.
VS
lb/1000 gal
FS
"
COD
"
BOD5
"
N
"
NH4-N
"
P
"
K
"
C:N ratio
99.75
0.25
10.00
10.83
10.00
3.33
2.91
1.83
0.63
3.16
2
92.40
7.60
379.89
253.27
538.18
91.00 97.00
9.00
3.00
562.35 149.96
187.45 99.97
52.48 25.00
22.50
18.33
6
10.00
17.50
3
98.50
1.50
88.8
11.2
90.7**
21.3**
1.0
Grow/ Breeding/
finish gestation
0.9
TS
VS
0.8
Chapter 4
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
25.00
6.33
22.50
63.31
8
2.00**
1.20**
0.38**
1.10**
5.6**
4.5**
2.2**
10.0**
Note: FS = TS VS
0.2
0.1
50
150
100
Pig weight. lb.
200
413
Chapter 4
(f) Poultry
Because of the high degree of industry integration,
standardized rations, and complete confinement, layer
and broiler manure characteristics vary less than those
of other species. Turkey production is approaching the
same status. Table 414 presents waste characteristics
for as excreted poultry manure.
Table 414
Component
Part 651
Agricultural Waste Management
Field Handbook
Units
Weight lb/d/1000#
Volume ft3/d/1000#
Moisture
%
TS
% w.b.
lb/d/1000#
VS
"
FS
"
COD
"
"
BOD5
N
"
P
"
K
"
TDS
C:N ratio
Layer
Pullet
60.50
0.93
75.00
25.00
15.10
10.80
4.30
13.70
3.70
0.83
0.31
0.34
45.60
0.73
75.00
25.00
11.40
9.70
1.70
12.20
3.30
0.62
0.24
0.26
Broiler
80.00
1.26
75.00
25.00
20.00
15.00
5.00
19.00
5.10
1.10
0.34
0.46
2.89
8
Turkey Duck
43.60
0.69
75.00
25.00
10.90 12.0
9.70 7.0
1.25 5.0
12.30 9.5
3.30 2.5
0.74 0.7
0.28 0.3
0.28 0.5
7
Table 415 lists data for poultry flocks that use a litter
(floor) system. Bedding materials, whether wood,
crop, or other residue, are largely organic matter that
has little nutrient component. Litter moisture in a well
managed house generally is in the range of 25 to 35
percent. Higher moisture levels in the litter result in
greater weight and reduced levels of nitrogen.
Most broiler houses are now cleaned out one or two
times a year. Growers generally have five or six flocks
of broilers each year, and it is fairly common to take
the "cake" out after each flock. The cake is generally 1
to 2 inches of material. About 2 or 3 inches of new
litter is placed on the floor before the next flock.
Much of the waste characterization data for broiler
litter are based on five or six cycles per year.
When a grower manages for a more frequent, complete
cleanout, the data in table 415 need adjustment. The
birds still produce the same amount of N, P, and K per
day. However, the density and moisture content of the
litter is different with a more frequent cleanout and
the nutrients are less concentrated. The amount of
nutrients is less compared to the litter volume because
less time is allowed for the nutrients to accumulate. A
further complication is that nitrogen is lost to the
atmosphere during storage while fresh manure is
being continually deposited.
Table 415
Component
Units
Weight
Moisture
TS
lb/d/1000#
%
% w.b.
lb/d/1000#
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
VS
FS
N
NH4-N
P
K
C:N ratio
Layer
high-rise*
Broiler
Turkey
24.00
50.00
50.00
12.00
35.00
24.00
76.00
26.50
21.40
5.10
0.68
24.30
34.00
66.00
16.10
0.425
0.275
0.30
0.34
0.40
9
0.88
0.01
0.40
0.45
Broiler
breeder**
Duck**
34.00
66.00
11.20
88.80
1.06
58.60
30.20
2.31
1.32
1.19
14
Chapter 4
Part 651
Agricultural Waste Management
Field Handbook
gundy. Yellowish-green supernatant is less concentrated. Blackish supernatant is more concentrated and
generally has a higher value than those shown.
Layer lagoon sludge is much more dense than pullet
lagoon sludge because of its high grit or limestone
content. Layer lagoon sludge accumulates at the rate
of about 0.0294 cubic foot per pound of waste total
solids added to the lagoon, and pullet lagoon sludge
accumulates at the rate of 0.0454 cubic foot per pound
total solids. This is equivalent to about 0.6 cubic foot
per layer and 0.3 cubic foot per pullet annually.
Figure 43
High-rise layer houses use no bedding and store manure for up to a year. Bird densities in high-rise houses
have increased greatly in recent years, and the manure
characteristics have been subject to great change. Use
of current data for high-rise manure characterization is
important.
As in other livestock operations, feed waste greatly
increases the volume and organic content of the
waste. A 10 percent wastage of feed, when added to
the manure, increases total solids by 42 percent.
Poultry lagoon supernatant and sludge characteristics
are in table 416. Anaerobic lagoon supernatant from
good layer and pullet lagoons is brown, rosy, or bur-
1.2
1.1
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
2
Table 416
Component
Moisture
TS
VS
FS
N
NH4-N
P
K
C:N ratio
Units
%
% w.b.
lb/1000 gal
"
"
"
"
"
- - - - - - - Layer - - - - - - SuperSludge
natant
- - - - - - - Pullet - - - - - - SuperSludge
natant
99.50
0.50
18.33
23.32
6.25
4.58
0.83
8.33
2
99.70
0.30
10.83
14.17
3.00
2.24
0.75
7.00
2
86.90
13.10
404.06
687.32
32.50
7.66
45.82
6.00
7
92.60
7.40
314.09
302.42
24.17
4.91
27.49
6.17
7
415
Chapter 4
Part 651
Agricultural Waste Management
Field Handbook
(g) Veal
(h) Sheep
Table 417
Component
Weight
Volume
Moisture
TS
VS
FS
COD
BOD5
N
P
K
C:N ratio
Units
lb/d/1000#
ft3/d/1000#
%
% w.b.
lb/d/1000#
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Veal feeder
60.00
0.96
97.50
2.50
1.50
0.85
0.65
1.50
0.37
0.20
0.03
0.25
2
Table 418
Component
Units
Lamb
Weight
Volume
Moisture
TS
lb/d/1000#
ft3/d/1000#
%
% w.b.
lb/d/1000#
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
40.00
0.63
75.00
25.00
10.00
8.30
1.76
11.00
1.00
0.45
0.07
0.30
10
VS
FS
COD
BOD5
N
P
K
C:N ratio
416
Chapter 4
Part 651
Agricultural Waste Management
Field Handbook
(i) Horse
(j) Rabbit
Table 419
Component
Units
Weight
Volume
Moisture
TS
lb/d/1000#
ft3/d/1000#
%
% w.b.
lb/d/1000#
"
"
"
"
"
VS
FS
N
P
K
C:N ratio
Table 420
Horse
Component
Units
Rabbit
50.00
0.80
78.00
22.00
11.00
9.35
1.65
0.28
0.05
0.19
19
VS
FS
COD
N
P
K
C:N ratio
% d.b.
"
"
"
"
"
0.86
0.14
1.00
0.03
0.02
0.03
16
417
Chapter 4
Part 651
Agricultural Waste Management
Field Handbook
[41]
where:
Q = Flush water vol, gal/flush
L = Gutter length, ft
W = Gutter width, ft
Pump flush
15.0
550.0
Dairies that have gated tank flush cleaning and automatic cow washing commonly use 100 to 150 gal/d/
cow, but multiple flushing and alternative equipment
may double this amount.
Poultry (pump flush) 1.0 to 1.5 gal/bird/flush.
For more information on flush systems, refer to
chapter 10.
418
Dairy
Gated tank
2.5
80.0
Component
Units
Adult
Weight
Volume
Moisture
TS
lb/d/1000#
ft3/d/1000#
%
% w.b.
lb/d/1000#
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
30.00
0.55
89.10
10.90
3.30
1.93
1.40
3.00
1.30
0.20
0.02
0.07
VS
FS
COD
BOD5
N
P
K
Chapter 4
Table 422
Component
Volume
Moisture
TS
VS
FS
N
NH4-N
P
K
Part 651
Agricultural Waste Management
Field Handbook
Units
ft3/d/1000# of people
%
% w.b.
lb/d/1000# of people
% w.b.
"
"
"
"
"
Graywater
Composite*
Septage
27.00
99.92
0.08
1.33
0.024
0.056
0.0012
38.00
99.65
0.35
7.75
0.20
0.15
0.007
0.0004
0.003
0.003
35.00
99.75
0.25
5.50
0.14
0.11
0.0075
0.0018
0.0019
0.0025
Table 423
Component
Units
Volume
Moisture
TS
VS
FS
COD
BOD5
N
NH4-N
P
K
ft3/d/1000# of people
%
% w.b.
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
- - - - - Wastewater - - - Raw
Secondary
90.00
99.95
0.05**
0.035
0.015
0.045
0.020
0.003
0.001
0.001
85.00
99.95
0.05***
0.0025
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.0012
- - - - - - Sludge - - - - - Raw
Digested
4.00
3.00
1.00
4.00
2.10
0.90
0.32
0.15
0.08
0.067
0.010
0.036
Compost*
40.00
60.00
0.78
0.20
0.17
*
Origin is household refuse.
** Suspended solids 0.03%; dissolved solids 0.02%.
*** Suspended solids 0.0025%; dissolved solids 0.0475%.
(210-AWMFH, 4/92)
419
Chapter 4
Part 651
Agricultural Waste Management
Field Handbook
Table 426 presents data on raw wastewater discharges from red meat and poultry processing plants.
Table 427 describes various sludges. Dissolved air
flotation sludge is a raw sludge resulting from a separation procedure that incorporates dissolved air in the
wastewater. The data on wastewater sludge is for
sludge from secondary treatment of wastewater from
meat processing.
Table 428 presents raw wastewater qualities for
several common vegetable crops on the basis of the
amount of the fresh product processed.
Characteristics of solid fruit and vegetable wastes,
such as might be collected at packing houses and
processing plants, are listed in table 429.
Table 424
Product/Operation
420
- - - - - - - - Wastewater - - - - - - - Weight
BOD5
lb/lb milk
lb/1000 lb
processed
milk received
6.1
4.9
4.85
2.06
1.85
2.8
1.0
5.2
1.46
1.8
4.5
3.9
2.52
6.0
2.8
1.84
1.8
6.37
34.0
5.76
3.47
2.5
Table 425
Component
Moisture
TS
VS
FS
COD
BOD5
N
P
K
(210-AWMFH, 4/92)
%
% w.b.
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Industrywide
97.60
2.40
1.49
0.91
2.00
0.077
0.050
0.067
- - - - - Whey - - - - Sweet
Acid
cheese
cheese
Cheese
wastewater
sludge
93.10
6.90
6.35
0.55
1.30
97.50
2.50
7.48
93.40
6.60
6.00
0.60
0.18
0.12
0.05
Chapter 4
Table 426
Component
Units
Volume
Moisture
TS
gal/1000# 6/
%
% w.b.
lb/1000# 6/
"
"
"
"
"
"
VS
FS
BOD5
N
P
K
1
2
3
4
5
6
Part 651
Agricultural Waste Management
Field Handbook
696.0
1,046.0
1,265.0
Poultry 4/
Broiler 5/
2,500.0
95.05
4.95
4.7
8.7
2.7
6.0
4.30
0.65
5.8
12.1
5.7
8.5
0.30
0.084
0.012
Table 427
Component
Units
Moisture
TS
VS
FS
COD
N
NH4-N
P
%
% w.b.
% w.b.
"
"
"
"
"
94.20
5.80
4.80
1.00
7.80
0.41
0.17
0.12
Wastewater
sludge
92.50
7.50
5.90
1.60
94.50
5.50
4.40
1.10
96.00
4.00
3.40
0.60
0.53
0.40
0.20
0.04
421
Chapter 4
Table 428
Component
Volume
TS
VS
FS
COD
BOD5
Units
ft3/1000 lb
lb/1000 lb
"
"
"
"
Table 429
Part 651
Agricultural Waste Management
Field Handbook
Cut bean
15
9
6
14
7
43
29
14
35
17
Pea
Potato
39
20
19
37
21
270*
53**
50**
3**
71***
32
Tomato
134
96
55
Fruit/vegetable
Moisture content
Total solids
Volatile solids
Fixed solids
422
84.0
86.5
90.4
89.7
84.0
87.4
67.6
79.8
88.4
94.6
8.6
87.2
84.0
76.3
12.8
16.0
13.5
9.6
10.3
16.0
12.6
32.4
20.2
11.6
5.4
91.4
12.8
16.0
23.7
87.2
91.3
88.6
90.0
89.5
93.5
94.2
88.9
92.2
91.1
8.7
11.4
10.0
10.5
6.5
5.8
11.1
7.8
13.9
2.1
8.6
1.0
13.6
11.3
31.1
19.0
9.7
4.5
84.7
12.2
15.0
2.4
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.9
0.9
6.7
0.6
1.0
71.5
15.7
7.9
0.8
5.2
10.2
0.6
0.9
0.53
0.30
0.14
0.38
0.42
0.25
1.68
0.67
0.22
0.05
1.37
0.26
0.24
0.47
1.22
1.60
0.12
0.20
0.35
0.20
0.065
0.15
0.22
0.034
0.03
0.04
0.039
0.06
0.027
0.02
0.25
0.037
1.9
0.03
0.044
0.20
0.34
0.30
0.089
Chapter 4
Part 651
Agricultural Waste Management
Field Handbook
651.0405 References
Alexander, E.L., and G.A. Margheim. 1974. Personal
communications with C.E. Fogg.
Arrington, R.M., and C.E. Pachek. 1980. Soil nutrient
content of manures in an arid climate. Paper
presented at Amarillo, TX.
Barth, C.L. 1985. Livestock waste characterization-a
new approach. In Agricultural Waste Utilization
and Management. Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Agricultural Wastes,
ASAE, St. Joseph, MI, p. 286.
Stephenson, A.H., T.A. McCaskey, and B.G. Ruffin.
1989. Treatments to improve the feed nutrient
value of deep stacked broiler litter. J. Dairy Sci.
67, Suppl. 1, p. 441.
Westerman, P.W., L.M. Safley, Jr., J.C. Barker, and
G.M. Chescheir, III. 1985. Available nutrients in
livestock waste. In Agricultural Waste Utilization
and Management. Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Agricultural Wastes,
ASAE, St. Joseph, MI, p. 295.
(210-AWMFH, 4/92)
423
Chapter 4
424
(210-AWMFH, 4/92)
Part 651
Agricultural Waste Management
Field Handbook