04 Memory Organization PDF
04 Memory Organization PDF
04 Memory Organization PDF
Memory Organization
MemoryHierarchy
2
Main Memory
MemoryHierarchy
3
Memory Organization
MemoryHierarchy
4
Main Memory
Magnetic tapes
I/O processor
Magnetic disks
Cache Memory
CPU
Memory Organization
HierarchyList
5
Registers
L1 Cache
L2 Cache
Main memory
Disk cache
Disk
Optical
Tape
Memory Organization
MainMemory
6
MainMemory
7
Bootstrap loader
Startup program
Stored in ROM
Its function is to load the operating system
ROM and RAM chips are available in variety of sizes
e.g. 128x8
Memory Organization
RAMchip
8
Chip Select 1
Chip Select 2
Read
Write
128x8 RAM
8-bit data bus
7-bit Address
Memory Organization
MemoryConnectiontoCPU
9
Memory Organization
MemoryConnectiontoCPU
10
CPU
Decoder
3 2 1 0
128x8
RAM 1
128x8
RAM 2
128x8
RAM 3
128x8
RAM 4
Memory Organization
512x8
ROM
AuxiliaryMemory
11
Characteristics
Access mode
Access time
Transfer rate
Capacity
Cost
Memory Organization
AccessMode
12
Sequential
Memory Organization
AccessMode
13
Random
AccessTime
14
Memory Organization
TransferRate
15
Memory Organization
LocalityofReference
16
Memory Organization
Cache
17
Memory Organization
Cacheoperation overview
18
Memory Organization
CachePerformance
19
Hit ratio
Memory Organization
References
20
Memory Organization