dfu*.

n
UNIT 6

Modern Living

UNIT 5

Going Places

How is the title of the module related to the units?

Are you a fashron victim? Give reasons'
What is your favourite type of holiday?

I
a
a

holrday objects &

appearance & character

modern trends & fads

I
t

media

souvenirs
a

signs

holiday experiences &

tame

lifestyles/families

complaints

types of holidaYs

types of roads

travel & travellers

ask for Personal views

express li kes/dislikes

give reasons

spread news/react to

related to:

.
r

fashion

travel

news

complain-criticiseapologise
I

compliment
interruPt & encourage

reSponse

& cons of an issue

adjectives/adverbs

order of adjectives

comparisons

modal verbs

articles, letters,
compositions about Pros
narratives

(1 )

fl " l-lVtf tE

Lea d-in
Look at

the
pictures.

:.i

How are
they

related to

b.

modern

.
.
.

trends and fads are related to

the pictures?

Which

of

these

|
.

operas
'ast food
-:sraurants
. ':ality shows
. :eping fit
. .^opping
-r3ap

treatments

.
.

. budget arrlines
. credit cards
r

text messaging

r
.
.

.
. ::signer labels . graffiti
. : astic surgery
Are any of these trends
pa

rti cu lorly popul

Whatdoyouthinkof

What's your opinion of

r, r ather

Explaining what you like

about sth

What I lrke most is

p os

itive,

neg

otive,

in

differe nt

about? Use the useful language

box on the right to discuss in

:
:

(absolutely) hate/ detesVloathe/can,t

...

Explaining what you don,t like

about sth
What bothers/annoys me the mosl

What gets to me

is...

..

I really like the wa

is

Expressing indifference
lt doesn't bother me either way.
lt doesn't concern me.
I

r
.

tt's OK,/alright I suppose.

I

don't have an opinion on it.

don't care.

ru

,) Vou are going to hear three people giving their opinions on

three of the modern trends from Ex. 1b. which trends are thev
talking about?

B: ....

C:

Paraphrase the quotations below. Do you agree or disagree?

Why (not)? Discuss in pairs.

nobody." (Lord Chesterfield)

"lt's only the modern that ever becomes old-fashioned."

(Oscar Wilde)

How doyoufeel about soap operas?

I'm not very keen on them. What

annoys me the most is that they show
o very unrealistic way of life,

Expressing dislikes
I

bearkan't stand

"ll;ou're not in fashion you're

pairs.

How do you like ...?

o l'm not (very) keen on/ interested in ...

r ldon't fancy..
r lfind .. rather boring/dull/etc

lfind ... really interesting/

A:

your country?
Which of the trends do you feel

I realiy like/love ...

I'm really/very fond ofl keen
on/ interested in ...

unpopular, more or less unknownin

.,.?

Expressing likes
I kind of like ...

fascinating/ exciting.

. chain Stores
. beauty

o muZak
-: ILIC5
:: ebrity gossip . junk mail

a.

Asking for personal views

r Howdoyoufeel about...?
.?

r
.

the title?

ln your opinion, which aspect(s) of modern living would person

a
from the previous century find most difficult to get used

to? Why?

with in
you enjoy watching any of

b. Which reality shows are you familiar

Reading

a.

your country? Do
them? Why (not)?

Part 4

Do you spend much time watching TV? What

programmes do you mostly/neverwatch? Why?

o soaps

quiz shows

'

sitcoms

drama series

news broadcasts

. sport '

'

chat shows

I'm a celebrity - get me

highest
in.
tuned
viewers
ratings last night as almost 7 million
contact
The stress of spending nearly a week in close
with other minor celebrities in almost constant rain in

the Australian jungle is beginning to show, with

comedienne Rhona Cameron falling out with almost
all the fellow participants.
Ratings rose to just over 8 million after 10 pm as more
viewers tuned in to see Uri Geller being chosen to
take the daily challenge of eating worms! In this show
viewers vote to send someone home every three days.

Big Brother

Big Brother is a new series in

which ten volunteers spend uP to

two months in a
tn

house

in

an

environment where every single activity is monitored

on camera. Their lives are screened 24 hours a day,
seven days a week on the web, every weekday on
Channel 4, with a finale each Fridaywhere one or two

participants, chosen by their housemates, are

ceremoniously thrown out of the game if they lose
viewers' votes. Their lives and personal moments

25

become the property of all!

The Big

Brother formula includes camera work,

video, chat-rooms to discuss the latest issues and

updates through phones and e-mail' It is set to
become the most intense live experience ever seen on

30

84

the web.

is

about. Scan the text

and check your answers.

ITV's show scored its

15

Look at the subheadings. In pairs try to guess

what each reality show

music videos

out of here!

10

why are reality shows popular?

Read the first paragraph of the article and find out.

reality shows

r documentartes . films ' cartoons

o

In your opinion,

FameAcademy

In this particular show

contestants sing

the

in order to be

allowed to stay in a mansion which is heavily guarded,

working 17-hour days. The luxurious residence hosts
the BBC's new multi-million pound show Fame
Academy which is the latest in a wave of talent shows
that has flooded our screens in the last eighteen
months. The show features a group of hopeful

popstars under the watchful eye of TV cameras

around the clock. Viewers vote for one contestant to
remain in the academy. while two other contestants

35

40

then choose which one of the remaining contestants is

shorvn the door.

D Survivor

4-i

Survivor brings us reality TV with

some particularly
contestants. one

weird

of whom was

caught smuggling meat onto the island in his

clothing! In fact, out of the sixteen people marooned
on the South Sea island competing to win the prize
money, there wasn't one you would feel completely
safe sitting next to!
The programme is actually all the better for it. Unless
there is a sudden wave against reality TV, it should be
a great hit. With swooping helicopter shots and timelapse photography, the millions spent on the series is
evident. The large budget, however, might not be to
its advantage as the glossiness detracts from what
should be a dovvn-to-earth show about life on a desert
island.

50

5,i

6t

a.

Read the questions 1-12 and underline the key

word(s) in each one. In pairs, try to paraphrase
them. Then, try to guess the
answers to the ouestions.

In which show(s)

do some contestants seem to be

particularly strange?

/?tr

'

Read the text and

answer

are there two sets of

Remember

' that the texts

the questions 1-12. Choose
contain similarities'
from the shows (A-F).
.

.l

Lrne
(0). Were your

nere ts an exampte ar

beginning

things?

' -.,, I l1

- i-

do contestants have to do disgusting

winners?

"

2 .1..

one contestant now unpopular with

is

,,1

others?

the

Keep in mind the key

do contestants sometimes break the

words in the
questions.

rules?

guesses correct?

is money made directly from

4
the public?

can contestants be watched 24 hours

a day?

do contestants live in style?

do experts comment on individual

9 it

-R

performances?
does one of the judges make sarcastic

comments?

11

-t
10

?
l

the style perhaps unsuitable for this

A
12
kind of show?
is

Vocabulary Practice

American Idol

This show is the US version of the

huge British TV hit, Pop Idol.
Simon Cowell, in his role as judge,
has been up to his old tricks with contestants, fellow
tudges and the show's presenters. Mr Nasty is a hit

*ith

viewers after delighting and horrifuing the

-{merican publicwith his ironic sense of humour.
\ine out of the ten finalists have now been chosen,

a.

Explain the meaning of the words in bold.

Read the text and underline the words and
phrases which are related to TV. Then, put them

under the headings: noun - verb - phrase

5a.

leaving Cowell, Randy Jackson and Paula Abdul to

nake the final choice for the tenth place by selecting
rrfl of the twenty-one unsuccessful contestants. A
spokeswoman for ITV said American Idol underlined

Find words in the text that mean:

sb famous (A)
people who share a house (B)

sb

obvious, clear (D)

goods linked to a TV show (F)

who takes part in a competition (C)

rhe global appeal of big entertainment events

-r:mbining the drama of live performance with

Find the adjectives in paragraph E. What nouns

nteractivl participation

are they followed by? In pairs, think of at least

one more noun they could go with.

Popstars

Popstars returns to television

scr'eens tonight, aiming to bring
::me to another group of potential stars. Tonight's F
O
:-3\\ Popstars show will begin the process of
youngsters
hopeful
more
tlian
10,000
down
::nowing
-- order to create a boy-bdnd ,and qirl-band of ten
:-embers each. Viewers will then vote for five to leave
.=.'h group, leaving two bands that will race to reach
-,mber one in the charts.

--:e show should produce huge profits through the

-'-ial formula of tears, tempers and endless put::'nrs from judges working in show business. The
::-,ducers will be taking a share of telephone call
:

r:rges from viewers' votes and are sure to make even

: -lre money through

;

rL1 as

Discussion

a.
"

How is the following statement related to the

text?

tn

the future, everyone will

minutes."

be

fomous

for fifteen

AndyWorhol

b.

Would you ever consider participating in

reality show? Why (not)?

c.

In pairs try to come up with an idea for a new

reality show. Decide on the theme, setting,

rules, contestants, prize. Also think of a logo.

the sale of singles and albums as

merchandising.

B5

styt"
you
Look at the people in the pictures 1 to 5' Which one(s)would
describe as a fashionvictim? trendy? scruffy? smart? old-fashioned?
cosu ally

a.

e ssed? un co nv ention al? well-dressedT

Read the quiz and circle YES or NO for each

oueStlon.

Ulh0oreyou?
1
2

Looking good is important t0

me.

Yes

weaf'syndrome

Yes

| wear interesting accessories

No

that enhance my lmage

Yes

and that I enioy wearing.

No

go
| only buy something if I love it and know that it will

with other things in my

6
7

wardrobe. Yes

No

of
| never wear anything that is t00 big or too small or out

Yes

date.
|

Yes

>..,,

tr
!

No

| know what colours I look best in and wear those colours

Yes

exclusively.

No

hair and
care how I look from top to bottom. I pay attention to my

my shoes.

No

for
| know what styles flatter my body type and never settle

Yes

anything less.

No

0 I always look professional and well put together

Yes

at work.
1

No

Shopping for clothing is a relaxing, enjoyable experience

I always shoP in advance.

No

don't suffer from the "wardrobe full of clothes and nothing to

Yes

No

| have a good "business casual" wardrobe - separate from my

Yes

weekend clothing.

No

look. Yes No
12
13 | only buy good quality clothing. Yes No
People often tell me how nice I

4 | know who some of the best designers

clothing at prices I can afford.

15

c.

level. Yes

Count the number of YES

answers and check Your
results. How far do You agree with
the description of Your stYle?

No

No

What is in fashion but

always out of date?

with your partner. Try to predict

to see how well you know
answers
his/her
Do the test

his/her stYle.

aA

Yes

personality and that

| always choose a wardrobe that suits my
reflects who I am at a deeper

b.

are and how to find their

The

letter

F.

a.

Look at pictures 1 to 5 again and, in pairs,

discuss their style. You can use ideas from Exs.1

@"
Words often confused
@f

and 2 as well as your own ideas.

:,:

a\

U
it

correct word.

cool.

1
2
3

-?

That's true. He is not a fashion victim that's for sure.

b.

In pairs, describe each other's style based on

your appearances.

What sort of information do you expect to find

in the following newspaper sections? In which
would you expect to find gossip about

society r classified ads

business

opinion

a trend

Mike Blackshaw be the one who will put

She dressed in bright colours so as

to be the centre of
iece/attention/one/focus.
Scandal tends to hlt the rooflroad/headlines/

news

newspaper on a daily basis.

Read the following newspaper excerpts and

decide which sections they belong to.

"A'iU

changing

fashion

. international news . obituaries . national

. lifestyle . sport . employment r travel

style

Choose the correct item, then explain what they

mean.

celebrities?

. arts .

hair
shot
follow, begin, sit, start
current, latest, chaagl-ed,
magazine, model, show,

with the

ffi raiors & Fixed phrases

- Fame

Media

Cross out the wrong words. Replace them

6
I think the man in picture 3 is welFdressed and he rcors

Most people these days demand better quality

products and so will choose brand/code/first/
business names.

My frrst view/impression/look/sight of the new

soap opera was that it was rather boring.

a stop

'- ::e various problems that have arisen in the last six
:,:ths and bring the club back into the top five ...

There are some styles that seem to last for ever,

while others are simply long-lived/well-lived/
short-l ived/ quick-l ived frends.

Some film stars will do anything

rvice/l i g ht/eye/i nterest.

.ii .'t'::,a:,."r?,

B ... Marissa Johns and Simon

to

be rn thepublic

se

Bevan actually began

their much discussed relationship at a nightclub in

Venice last year during filming ...

-rink of an interesting piece of news you heard,

':ad about, and tell your partner about it. Study
:^e useful language box and act out dialogues,

- the

^ever guess

-'

efrrur"t

Explain the phrasal verbs in bold.

','e neaf0

r
r
.

as

Having had

Reacting to news
No, really?
I don't believe it!
' How interesting!

-'

hairstyle

for

years, she

look is definitely in.

Lynne used

to

love jazz but she's not really

into it

any more.

They were

taken aback by the news of the tragedy.

heard...?

^&' ^Prepositions
[i
i<

nitinn n

:zrt here next

* : -:h!

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate preposition.

Then, make sentences about modern livinq.

'l to be

addicted sth; 2 crowded .. ...... ..; 3 popular

famous
sth; 5 to gossip .............. sth;
6 to appeal
sb; 7.............fashion
. .. .....; 4

- .: '11\t /

&

Appendix'l

- '-, il never guess

:

the same

decided she'd gone off it and needed a change.

I find it almost rmpossible to keep up with the
latest fashions as they tend to be too expensive.
The mini-skirt is out this summer, but the militar,

"

Ht

I didn't exactly take to the new style of uniform we

had to wear at the bank. I found it rather dull.

. lt doesn't surprise mel

. Well, you can never telll
r You're joking
o Neverl/Wow!?
r You're pulling my legl
:,

Verbs

Appendix 2

example.

Vlng news

ff

GPartl
a.

Listening

You will hear people talking in eight different

situations. Before you listen, read through

a.

Part 2

You will hear an interview with a journalist on

the role of women in modern Japan. Before you
listen, try to decide whether the following are
true or not. Then, compare your answers with

questions 1-8. What information do the

questions and the possible answers give you?

classmate.

:.
'pr'

Listen and choose the best answer A, B or C for

the questions 1-8. Which words/phrases helped

be put on

you decide?

display before

Listen to this teenager talking about her

favourite TV programme. What does she
particularly like about it?

A
B
C

the mystery and suspense

the fact that it stars her favourite actor
the inside story of the Iives of the rich

the

cinema

.
.
r,

or on their
wedding day.
Women are
obliged to
learn the tea

You hear these two women having a

conversation on a bus. Where are they going in
the evening after work?

A
C

Women may

the bank

a local restaurant

ceremony.

Men are expected to babysit.

Men have to cook lunch for the children.

Uur Co through the notes and try to predict what

information is missing. Now listen and for

questions 1-10, complete the notes.

Listen to this man talking to the receptionist in

a health club. What programme has he finally
chosen to follow?
keep-fit

A
C

Modern Japanese women are generally obliged to

swimming

is an acceptable age

to attend a photo session

to play a part in a film
to take part in a fashion show

You overhear this conversation in a caf6. What

has one of the girls just bought?

A
C

a pair of gloves

a pair of glasses

a pair of jeans

for marriage these days

There are times when
are paid to find out information about possible partners

Many new brides will already have been trained in the

art of making tea and 4
Some young women, however, are trained in these

traditions at

Some Japanese wives might be expected to

Listen to this TV programme on teenage

attitudes to advertising. What is David's general

on public transport
for their husbands.

reaction?

Japanese children have a

A
B
C

brought to school by their mothers.

we could survive without it

advertising is a necessary evil
we always rely on recommendations from others

Listen to this man talking to a colleague in the

office. What line of work is he in?
A the food industry
B the fashion industry
C the entertainment business
You hear a teenager chatting to an old friend.
What is his opinion of the local shopping
centre?

A
C
B8

weightlifting

You hear someone famous being interviewed on

the radio. Why is she off to Milan?

A
B
C

follow customs and

rt's excellent
it's the in place

it's not trendy

Babysitters are not usually needed by married people in

Japan because couples do not

One top female politician lost the opportunity to help

change conditions for women because she

The Japanese generally show great

10

towards others

c.

How similar is the role of women in your

country to that of women in modern Japan?

Communication

'.-Dart2

-=-

t\ry

orogrammes

Making and Responding to Suggestions

Read the dialogue and underline the phrases

d.

used to make and respond to suggestions.

Which ones are used to respond positively/
negatively? G ive alternatives.

at the two pictures showing different

:,;es of TV programmes. Compare and contrast
:-e two pictures, saying which is more popular
,'-,th young people and why.

-::k

A Would you like to go to the cinema tonight?

B: Well, l'm not in the mood for watching a film.
A Tell you what, we could always go to that new Thai
restaurant in town.
That sounds like a good idea to me.

b. Use the phrases in the box to act out similar

dialogues. You can use the prompts below as

well

io watch?

r\
U-

festyles
:

Look at the two pictures showing different

lifestyles. Compare and contrast the two
pictures, saying which way of life you think

would be more satisfying.

your own ideas.

go to a concert / go to the theatre

go to a new club / go to a caf6
watch a video / play a board game

two programmes do you most like

',Vhrch of the

as

Making suggestions
. Let's ..,, shall we?
. Why don't we . .. ?
. Do you want

to...?

Giving alternatives

Otherwise, we

Tell

could... instead.
you something/

what, we could

each do?

AB
of language to
their opinion/feelings

uses a variety
express

.
.

.
.

That's fine by me.

Responding negatively
Not really/No, thanks. I don't

.
r

feel like ...

Well, l'm not in the mood for ...
That doesn't sound like a good

Sure, why not?

OK, how about ...

.
.

Well, l'm not that keen on ...

l'm not sure if I feel up to that.

Which picture is closer to your ideal lifestyle?

Everyday English

Listen to two candidates doing the speaking

ljsks above. Which of lhe following things does

That sounds like a good idea to

idea (to me).

always ...

:.

What a good ideal

me.

Would you like

to...?

Responding positively
That's a very good/great ideal

hesitates too much

uses a range

ofldifferent linking

words

answers only the first part of

the questron
dpsrrihes the nictrrres in detail
r:thpr th:n comnares them

usesdescription/paraphrase

.
6

Complimenting

ln pairs guess and say what the other speaker says.

1
2
3

l.li.ln't rornnni<o

lt really suits you!

You look great in it!

Wow! You
fantastic

look

you
5

Goshl That's really

good

1 A: Howdoyoulikemynewtop?
B:

lt really suits you!

to avoid unknown vocabulary

89
1
-

Reoding

a.

a
b
c

Part 3

Do you remember any famous fairy tale lines? Can you

.1.

2
3

Mirror, mirror on the wall, who's the fa resi of them all?

"

Open Sesamel

Read the text and quickly underline the

sentence or words that best sum up the main

idea of each paragraph.

"

"What big teeth you have grandmother

b. Look at the two pictures

and the title of the text.

How are they related?

A pantomime is a comic play based on a true

story.

White

"

Pantomime is also called 'mime' for short.

Pantomime is a tradition associated with
Christmas.

guess which fairy tales the following lines come from?

. Little Red Riding Hood . Snow

. Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves

The art of oantomime is well-known in Britain.

How much do you know about pantomime? Read the

sentences (a-d) and, in pairs, decide which items are true.
Read quickly to check your answers.

The

#f

Read the article about pantomime. Seven

paragraphs have been removed from it.

Choose the most suitable paragraph from
the list (A-l) for each part (1-7) of the article.
There is one extra paragraph which you do
not need to use. There is an example at the
beginning (0).

Pantomime has become big business in the UK.

Large theatres are in competition with each other for
the best fairy stories as well as star performers who
will help bring in large crowds to cover expenses.

Over the years, it has combined many different 10

features of theatre and so, in adapting has
managed to avoid extinction of a kind. The novelty
aspect too has always been important to its survival.
To be described as traditional, a pantomime needs

to

15

first to come on stage from the dark side, followed

by his competitor, the 'goodie'from the right side.

2A

have a strong story line and include all the

important elements of 'good' battling against
'evil', with the good guy always being the winner.
Even today, the pantomime 'baddie' is always the

This form of comedy takes its name from a device

that was carried by a pantomime character and

used as both a weapon and a magic wand. lt made
a loud 'slapping' noise when used, for example by
the star comedian, in order to create a more
theatrical effect when hitting fellow actors.
The Christmas season in the UK would be nothing

5
90

without the traditional 'Panto'. These funny

musical plays date back to the Middle Ages and
are based on a combination of ltalian comedv
and British Music Hall.

Pantomime now had its first real star. The

elements of comedy, song and slapstick that have
become the basic ingredients of successful
pantomime had been established.

25

30

Traditional pantomime, in order to remain popular, had

to keep up-to-date with events and new trends. In
doing so, it remains one of the most popular forms of
enterlainment in the country.
Song and dance are also important to support the
traditional plot, with influences from ltalian comedy
and characters performing various situations to delight
audiences. These comic chases and situations have
come to be known as 'Slapstick' comedy.
Crimaldi also succeeded in setting up another tradition.
The tradition of cross-dressing, where men play female
roles and women play male roles. This comes from the
early days of theatre, when it was not acceptable for
women to become actresses.
Pantomimes can often run for six to eight weeks. This
obviously means they provide much-needed profits for
theatres up and down the country.
Comedians, singers and dancers perform in hilariously

Despite the general competition from other forms of

entertainment, traditional pantomime has survived and
a visit to a show may be a child's first experience of live
:heatre. lf that experience is magical enough, it may
eave a lasting impression. ln a world where children

are surrounded by computer games, videos and

:elevision, a visit to a pantomime could well change
iheir view of theatre.

The rlost famous of those pantomime clowns was

ioseph Grimaldi, making his first appearance in 1800.
He had such an effect on his audiences that they would
eave the theatre singing his songs.
Pantomime has been tried abroad. lt has proved popular
in countries such as Canada, Australia and South Africa.

In

America, however, this very British form of

entertainment has been somewhat less successful.

The other element of pantomime during the first and

second world wars was, in contrast, the role of the
'principal' boy traditionally played by a girl. By the 1950s,
famous male actors began playing the part followed by
pop stars until finally ladies began, once again, to return

exaggerated ways. The shows are mostly aimed at

children and are based on popular fairy stories and folk

The most popular stories tend

legends.

to

be

Cinderella, Snow White, Sleeping Beauty and Aladdin.

to the role. Pantomime has always tended to adapt to the

times by taking on the 'popular' stars of the day as well
as other famous groups of performers.

Vocabulary Practice
{nother example of this role reversal is the all'riportant pantomime dame, a comic old lady,
niaved by a male actor, which was a role created
ruring the Victorian era. Audiences love seeing

a.

b. Match the words.

:heir favourite comedian playing the part. The dame

. warm and comic, but never plays dirty tricks.
Dften the costumes are used to good effect by
.opying different fashions in an exaggerated way.
Fantomime could not survive/ of course, without

lne particular chorus of dancers. Today, for

easons of economy, the averaSe Sroup can
:rumber between six or eight dancers. Some have
as few as two or four professional dancers with
extra' youngsters known as'babes'.

It is hoped that this unique tradition will continue

'ong into the future, with actors shouting, "Oh no
it's not!" and children in the audience responding
Oh yes it is!" as loudly as ever.

Explain the words in bold.

Then make sentences.

folk

effect

big

actors

star

impression

live

legends

lasting

business

fellow

reversal

role

+ l-.

theatrical

performers

tt tca
^ -+,^
Lt E

Text Analysis

Look at these two sentences taken from the text

and say what is the meaning of 'theatre' in each.

. "... it has combined

many different features of

theatre ..." (lines i0-11)

".

they would leave the theatre singing

his

songs ... " (paragraph B)

Discussion

a.

there any similar traditional form of

entertainment in your country?
Do you enjoy it? Why (not)? Discuss in pairs.
ls

b. In pairs act out a scene from

class guess which story

it

is

a pantomime. The

from.

91

$
'l

na;"aives - Adverbs

UT ammar

3
4

Reference

Underline the correct item, then mark the

sentences I(true) or F (false).

Well, another

1)

;+F.,,

bright/brightly, sunny day

Comparisons

a.

Fill in the blanks, as in the examples.

She's amazingl The older (old) she gels, the more
beautiful (beautiful) she becomes.
Sending e-mails isn't,..,,.............,..... (convenient)

she

........ text messagln9.

could not believe itl She had actually been accepted

into the Fame Academyl

..... .. .... . ......

Adjectives are typically used with nouns.

Buying a house in this area is twice

.. it used to be.

...............

high/highly r late/lately

b.
.

deep/deeply

to meet her deadlines.

She works
The helicopter couldn't fly too .........,
because of the weather.

2a

The play

is.........

....,.. recommended

by

most critics, so it must be good.

Due to traffic problems, they

3a

arrived

betTom goes to the gym half as often as I do.

ln

pairs, complete the sentences using soor such

(aJ, as

well

as

1 ........

... at the art exhibition,

b

There has been a lot of talk about crash diets

Miners often work ........,............ underground.

b

Jane's ideas have always been.,.,........

4a

Look around the class. Make two assumptions

about people who you think do something

twice as much/frequentlyhegularly or half as

often/quicklyetc as you. Tell the class your and
assumptions find out if you were right.

The channel can ...................,. .. keep up with

nrnr'lr rrtinn rn<i<

1^
to

(much) you go to keep fit classes,

.. (good) the results will be.

All adverbs end in -ly.

.. (many) people

(expensive)

Adjectives can't be used after verbs.

Adverbs are mainly used after verbs

hard/hardly

and

are taking up gymnastics these days.

Fill in the correct form of the adverbs.

?"

Gra mmar Reference

5) fast/fastly to see what had been delivered. She tore

the envelope open 6) impatient/impatiently

We had lunch in a small/old/cosv cafe in town

fii.$"r'

of the 3) locali locally postman. All of a 4) sudden/

suddenly, she heard the snap ofthe letterbox. She ran

can't believe you actually sat for one hour through

had

arrived and Daniella waited 2) hopefully/hopeful near

th.e front door looking out of the window for any sign

1
2
3
4

that boring/old/social documentary.

your own ideas.

famous

that he can't go

anywhere

without being followed by paparazzi,

.... .. ....... well known story/film that everyone has
heard of it.
..... ......... . good reviews that l'm dying to see it.

influenced by fashion and trends.

7
3

Complete the sentences using the adjectives

list in the correct adverbial form.

friendly

lovely

. stlly .

in the

In pairs, compare the three films in the pictures or

any other films you have seen recently. Think
about: length, sound/special effects, plot, music etc

lively

towards us

He behaved

She had decorated the room

can't stand it when

The match started

presenters talk ....

Put the adjectives into the correct order.

' -:

.'eates some of the most exciting/expensive/

_-_--t_-_;^-_
:
-::

u l>.

. '

.he buildinq was covered in old/

Tomb Raider

is

longer than Harry Potter.

Star Wars has the best special effects of all

:n in
6

Use

English in Use

Part 3

ieivrite the sentences using the

,',ord given, Use between two and

Read the

10

Part 2

text and fill in the word which

fits best. Use onlv one word,

've words.

'

-he 'ood people eat today is not

r<, nnnd:c it lrcAd tn be.
eat People do not .................
they used to.
Computers are half the price they
rniero: fotni \/tr2rc znn

Computers used to be

*itrl
Many youngsters 0) tftese days easily devote
more time to the box than they 1) ................ to any
other form of entertainment. Each year children
read less and 2) ................ and watch television more

and more. In fact, a typical child sits through an

average of about four hours of TV viewing a) ................
day. They spend more time on this form of entertainment
4) ................ they spend talking to parents, playingwith friends, attending school
or reading books.

they are now.

Cutting down on food is harder

than I thought.
not Cutting down on food is
I thought.
Getting fit will take longer than
you think.

get

You won't be able to

s He toots jurii,o. n" J,013:JHi'

ago.

same

According to a recent study, sfurty-two percent 5) ................ television

prograrnmes contain scenes of violence. It would be logical then to assume that
watching a steady flow of violent images on screen cannot 6) ................ seen
simply as entertainment. The bright colours, quick movements and sudden

will

always capture a child's attention and there are certainly very

7) ................ children who find television totally uninteresting.
If we listen to the experts, it seems 8) ................viewing large amounts of TV
violence does not necessarily cause a child to act in a violent 9) ................ , but
can lead to the view that violence 10) ................ acceptable in everyday life, as
possibly creating a fear ofbeing attacked on the streets.
well
flashes

11)

With governments finally 12) ..............measures to improve the quality of

children's TV, parents must now become aware that 13) ................ many hours
ofviewing can have serious effects 14)
a child's behaviour and attitude.
Obviously, turning offthe set 15) ................ be the best solution in the end.

He looks exactly

four years ago.

He couldn't concentrate on the

film because of the noise.

so

English in Use

lt was .........

couldn't concentrate

on

the film.

The advertisements were so long

that they took up more time than
the actual programme!
such They were .,...
they

tooK up more trme than

the actual programme.

Word Formation:

adjectives

from the list to form the

correct adjective. In pairs, think of
other adjectives formed with these
Use suffixes

suffixes.

. -al . -ial . -an . -ean .

1 child

-iSh

2 convention

ott,..

5 emotion

11

Part 5

Read the text below and look carefully at each line. lf a line is

correct put a tick (/) by it. lf it has a word which should not be
there. write the word at the end of the line.

I don't feel like eating!

Anorexia usually occurs in teenage girls. People with the illness 0
are far extremely frightened of gaining weight and believe they 00
are fat even though they are not, in fact, very thin. Anorexia

is

2
not just a problem with the food or weight, it is an attempt to
3
use those two aspects to deal with emotional problems. The
reason why people get anorexia is not been known. They may 4

believe they would be the happier and more successful if

they

were even thin. They want everything in their lives to be perfecl.

People who have this disorder they are usually good students,

are
perfect.
The treatment of the illness is hardly difficult and
not
takes time. Patients must want to be change and must have the
involved in many activities. They blame themselves if their lives

6
7

8
9
10

suppoft of family and friends. The most impoftant thing they can
do to help a person with anorexia is to love them. People with

't1

12

anorexia seem feel safe. secure and comfortable with their illness.

13

Their biggest fear is gaining weight, which can be seen as a loss of

14

whole control. They may actually deny they have a problem at all.

15

..; 6 Europe

93

-:- ,',: .'. I re about the pros and cons of an issue,

,',: ::-s:e' a toptc from opposing points of view,
,',

'

cutlining the advantages and disadvantages,

ffi

Anarysing a discursive composition

a.

i . " ihe flrst paragraph we introduce the topic. In

articles and compositlons, we may use any of the
i

. such as . In addition r Another negative effect

. To begin with . On the one hand . As a result
r On the other hand . All things considered . Finally

following techniques to make the beginning more

interesting to the reader:
- a reference to an imaginary scene or situation
addressing the reader directly
- a rhetorical question

'

'-

- a ouotaUon
The main body usually consists of two paragraphs.
One presents the points for the issue, along with our
justifications or examples. The other presents the

Can Vou imagine life without

computers? whether

balanced summary

:.$

of the topic. To make the

compositions, reports and articles.

,l

compositions, reports
writing is usually semi-formal or formal.

,!

j
:l

UnA"rstanding the Rubric

Read the rubric beloW then answer the questions
that follow.

ffi

*
*
I
I
I
I
:

Your class has been doing a project on the role

of computers in modern society. As part of this
project, your teacher has asked you to write a
composition with the following title:
Computers have both positive and negative effects on
our lives.

Who

is

going to read your composition?

Which style of writing will you use?

quite formal
f-] very informal
chatty
and
colloquial
I
Which of the following points could be included in
your essay? Tick (/). Which points are pros and
which are cons? Can you add any other ideas?
I make people dependent on them

[-l

--l

:-

t-

Al

*.*-

and
space. Time-consuming tasks, 3)
checking bank accounts, can now be done in a matter of

minutes and large amounts

r:

a^iertatnment

' -.

a:

information

are

:1

with immediate access to the Internet, they

allow us to explore the world from the comfort of our
homes. 5)
........, we can always
keep up-to-date with global and current issues. 6) ..........
computers provide entertainment,
for instance in the form of amusing games.
7)
there are also disadvantages

.................

.................

with the computer age. Computer technology

may

progress rapidly, but machines still make mistakes.

lt

is

uncommon for computers to suddenly crash,

deleting whole files of essential information. 8) ...........

not

.......... of computers is that people easiry

j
.!
,.i:

':L

,1
:.ll

become dependent on them. How often do we hear of

youngsters spending all their free time in front of the

computer, isolating themselves from other people their
age?

9l

.................

....... ,

it

seems

to me that

computers are admirable tools that improve the quality

of life, but only when used sensibly. No matter how
advanced a machine is, it can never replace a human
being.

*"wslg:9a1''
'"{"'''

b.

Look back at the model and answer the

following questions.

What are the topic sentences in the main body

paragraphs? Underline them and suggest other

save space
a.=

of

economically stored on tiny disks. 4) .................

be found in articles,
or letters. The style of

our

denied. 2) .................

in the introduction or the main body of

Pros and cons can

part of

they save valuable time

Do not include opinion words (/ believe, lthink, etc)

indispensable

really been for the better?

1l ...................................., the
benefits of computers cannot be

- state a oersonal ooinion

the

everyday existence. Yet, have

the changes they brought about

ending of the composition more effective, we can

use one of the following techniques:
- give the reader something to consider
- use a quotation or rhetorical question

in

office, school or at home,

computers have become an

points against the issue with supporting sentences.

In the final paragraph we give our opinion and/or a

Read the model and fill in the gaps with the

appropriate linkers from the list.

2
3

approprare ones.
What are the supporting sentences?
What technique is used to starVend the

essay?

l
c.

Now replace the beginning and ending with the

best option from the ones below.

=l.nings

:
:
-r

Underline the correct linking word/ phrase.

One point of view againsVin favour of paying ,r

cash is that you know exactly what you spend.

Even though/Nonetheless a large number of

people have no real need for them, more and

magine computers organising every aspect of our lives.

Do you feel threatened by con puters?

more people are buying mobile phones.

Many people feel/are against that hypermarkets
make their lives easier.

Despite/Besides, older people have a lot

to soc,ety.
For example/Such as, you can have everything
delivered to your home without waiting in endless

ngs

What does the futwe hold for us?

to offer

queues.

As Elbert Hubbard once said, "One machine can do the

work of 50 ordinary men. No machine can do the work of
a.r extraordinary man ".

d.

the writer's opinion on the topic? ls it

clearly stated? How far do you agree with his

What

is

points?

Linking

Look back at the model in Ex. 2a and replace all the

linking words with alternatives from the box.

Main Body Paragraphs

a.

Match each argument about advertising to its

corresponding justification. Which points are
'for' and which are 'aqainst'?

rro:ta< inhc

-cruoe:

what they already have

increases the wealth of a country
causes people to place too much

a discursive composition, ideas should be linked with

.cpropriate linking words and phrases. Examples of these
To list and add points:

: rstly/ln the first place,rTo starVbegin with

...;

can make people dissatisfied

importance on material goods

>econdly/l n addition/Furthermore/Moreover/Besides ...;

-nirdly/Finally/Last; Last but not least; etc

To introduce or list advantages:

',%
:ld*F

tax paid on goods sold can be used

To introduce or list disadvantages:

lhe main/most important disadvantage/drawback of ...;

'I n e/AnotherAn add itional d sadvantage/negative effect of
)ne poinVargument against; etC

e,

*"**

-ne firsVmain/most important advantage of ...;

lne/ AnotherAn additional advantage of ...;
Jne point of view in favour of ...; lt is often suggested/
:el ieved/argued that ... ;
Some/Many people suggesVfeel/argue that ...; etc

A,

@:e,ts

.,. ;

To introduce examples/reasons/results:

for essential services in society

many people are willing to work long
hours so they can afford the goods on offer
children of poorer parents feel inferior when they
cannot buy the same things as their classmates
the unemployment problem is reduced, which is
an important advantage for a country's economy

b. Now use linking words/phrases to complete the

ior example/instance; such as; likq in particular; therefore;

:or this reason; because; as; since; as a result; etc

main body paragraphs below with the

arguments and justifications from Ex. 5a.

To show contrast:

There are certain arguments in favour

of

adverlising

On the other hand; Howeverl still; but; Nonetheless;

\evertheless; Although; Even though; Despite/ In spite of

the fact that); etc
However, some people feel that advertising

To introduce a conclusion:
tn conclusion; To conclude/sum up;

All in all; Finally;

LasU

d^l-^t>u

has its drawbacks.

\ll things considered; Taking everything into accounV

consideration; etc

95

Think of an appropriate topic sentence for each set

of supporting sentences. Each set deals with a
different topic.

a.

Read the

two models (A & B). Which

model? Why? Tick

For example, customers are able to visit the

online store without having to leave their house.
An additional advantage of electronic shopping is
that goods are delivered to our door.

is

the good

(/).

I
I

the style is fairly formal; no short forms are used

the paragraphs are well developed

the writer's opinion is only expressed in the last

paragraph
f---l there are clear topic sentences for each
point
for
each
fl there are supporting sentences
presenreo
paragraph

The main disadvantage

l-l
I

of

mobile phones is thdt

use. Another point against

they are expensive to

them is that they might be harmful to our health.

of linking words are used

the writer has used an interesting beginning and
a variety

ending

gt

...,

,..,:,,'.ii.,..i:li;la:iir:a&rrarltt;il!iltiil;i

tit;a:riitan;i art;:i:tti,i;i,r,,a;,;i.rr.i,,;.,,.,..

-. .

'

$.i
Read these topic sentences, then, in pairs, think

of

1 lt

*d on credit. In my view, credit cards have many advantages,

is suggested that budget airlines have

many

However, there

are certain

disadvantages to

receiving junk mail.

The main disadvantage of fast food is that it is bad

for your health.

One point in favour of graffiti is that

people to express their artistic ability.

it

ffi

allows

ffi

many ways'
all over the

even used

I believe that the best thing about

them is that you can buy whatever you want over the phone
i{i or online. But you need to check your receipts against your
*i. monthly statement because they always make mistakes'
':i.r
or
l.: Some credit cards offer extras such as discount vouchers
i::lli
air miles, which is great. The only bad thing is that it's so
ii;:. easy to over-use your credit card. I've been in debt more
mine in Africa once!

'iil

Una"rstanding the Rubric 2

i:ri

Read the rubric below and underline the key

information. Then answer the questions that

follow.

points, too'

i.i

!
I

but we shouldn't forget that there are some bad

Using credit cards makes our lives easier in
Credit cards are international and can be used
world, wherever you see the logo on your card'

&6#

advantages.

Statistics show that more and more people are shopping

appropriate supporting sentences.

than once. But if you're careful there's no problem.

So, for most people shopping on credit is a blessing.
nir,:.:.,.:a::.,.-.rri.r.lriil'ir:,.ir:.si,,
]....':.,'.''.''..''r'..'.',,,1.,:]1....,]

tl

Vou have seen this announcement in an English

"Just put

language magazine for teenagers.

it on my credit card!" It

seems there are very

few people nowadays who do not use this phrase when

shopping. Along with the Internet, mobile phones and
electronic mail, credit cards have become an essential
aspect of modern living. But have they actually made our

t
;iir

lives better?

There is no doubt that shopping on credit has its

advantages. Firstly, there is no longer a need to carry much

with you. As a result' you reduce the risk of losing

your money or having it stolen. An additional advantage of
credit cards is that they are convenient. In particular,
people with little time to spare appreciate the fact that
they can order products or services without leaving their
cash

homes.
'l

Who are your target readers?

What style of writing should you use? Why?

In pairs, think of points for and against credit cards

Points against credit cards

Points in favour of credit cards

I

.
.

However, the most important drawback of credit cards

is that they can easily be misused. For example, many
people spend more than they ought to and consequently
find themselves in debt' Another disadvantage is the risk

of falling behind with payments. This often results in an

increase in the amount of interest you have to pay.

aff in all, I think that credit

cards are a welcome,

practical tool, though not free from risks. Ifwe bear those
risks in mind, credit cards can indeed be a blessing.

b.

1
2
3
4

Look at this list of things you should avoid in a

for and against essay. How many of these can
you find in model A? Tick (/).

f-] opinion in the first paragraph

fl personal example(s)
f--l

Who is going to read the letter?

What style should you use for your letter?
How will you begin/end your letter?
\^/h ch points should you include in your letter?
rvh

cr

In

paragraphs?

short forms

f-] one sentence paragraphs

I blind use of statistics
[l overgeneralisation
I badly laid out composition

11

The model below contains many errors and

weaknesses. Correct the underlined mistakes. Think

about:

c.

Now rewrite the beginning and ending of

model A in an appropriate way.

d.

Look at the ending of Model B again. Which of

the following quotations could be used to end

the model? Write another ending, using one of

. unnecessary word
. missing word
. language too formal
. wrong tense
r punctuation problem

wrol-r9 preposrtron

Incorrect Salutatton

r wrong linking word

r point missing

f].;

l.,

Dear ken,

these quotations.

Hi- bon baue you beem? In request to your letter I

would bereby like to inform )tou about the botel for

To be clever enough to get all that money, one must

be stupid enough to want it. (G.K. Chesterton)

your uncle.Ifipg! one, tbe Westin Hotel, but there are

some good and bad points.

If you

can actually count your money, then you're

not really a rich man. (J.P. Getty)

An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of

One of tbe main adtantages about tbis botel is

tbatb

.l

cure.

that

station.Anotber disaduantage is tbat can be clfficult

to find. roonls, so lour uncle will have to boole eaily.
All in all, altboupb, I firmllt believe tbe Westin

(Henry de Bracton)

G"- rrror

tj
1

walk about fifteen minutes to tbe nearest

Lorrectlon

Read the rubric, then answer the questions

follow.

::+
#
G
!t
!
3
'

it is comfortable and luxurious. Sucb as,

tbereb a swimming pool and a sduna. Anotber point

infavour to tbis hotel is tbat tbey bave a Rood prices.
TbereTe even a special discount in Sp!! and ma)t.
Howeve4 tbis botel also bas some drawbacks.Tlte
main point against it it is tbat tbe location is ratber
out of tbe tuay. As a result, your uncle uill pp; to

Hotel

bus

is a good choice, and you can safely

recommend it to lour uncle.Inform him that be can

to book directly (see number at tbe bctttom), or if you
want me to do it just let me know. I look forward tct

An uncle of Ken, your British pen friend, is

planning to visit your city. Ken has written to
you, asking you to suggest a hotel in this city for

bearingfrom you again.

nts uncte.

Yours sincerely,

You have found the following hotel. Using your

notes below, write a letter to Ken, telling him
about the good and bad points of this hotel.

Ioe

'.

Iuxt'ttioLt;

of
Iocaionbit out
thewaY -+ quitefar

station

sauna &
indoor

swimmmg

frombus
dfficulttoYna.

rooms --' needto

'

oool!

goodPices4
irscountinAPfl

bookeartY
ana

March

acellent sewice'

Peetuurftomhotet
i=ti]i.!:1tt'i":':i:ii:ri'::i:::==::i:..'=+t-:r'

97

Discuss
12

iff'

Look at the writing tasks below, underline the key words and, for each one, answer the questions that follow.
You have just seen the followinq advertisement:

rrr{lll -

The effects of mobile phones on our lives give us your views on both the goad and bad sides.
We are tooking for short artictes on this subiect and we
will publish some of the best articles next month.

Write your article for the magazine.

*
II

You have had a class discussion on the following question:

*a

What are the pros and cons of keeping fit?

Now your teacher has asked you to write a composition on this question, including your opinion.

I
I

Hilda, your friend from Canada, is thinking of coming to your country in order to study. She has asked you to tell

her what llfe is Like for university students in your city. Using your notes below, write a letter to Hilda, informing her
nfthe nrnq :nd rnnq

a
a

t'@l
Good points

#ry

many facilities for students + wondeful

student sports centre with special
dis

c ount s I Intem

socinl life

--+

et c afd

oppottunity to meet people from

all over the world

Bad points

ffi

is expensive --+ student rents high

lots of

trffic -norsy, especially

around

universi4t campus

1
2
3
4
1

What do you have to write?

Who is the target reader? What style is appropriate?
What would be a suitable way to begin/end?
How many points will you include in the main body?

Which reasons/examples will you give for each of

these points?

Which linking words and phrases could you use?

Using the information you have learned in this unit, write one of the tasks above. You should write between 120

and 180 words.

Lead-in
c.

Name the types of holidays in each picture. Which

Together with a partner, briefly discuss how you

feel about holidays. Your partner can either:

. interruptlo express his/her opinion

one appeals to you most and why?

I

enjoy going camping because I like to be close to nature.

encouroqeyou to say more

Use the useful language box.

people talking about their

. "' You will hear three
holidays. Match the speakers to the holidays. Which

words helped you decide?

Speaker

safari

Speaker 2

tropical island

Speaker 3

mountain village

.
.

Interrupting I
l'm sorry to interrupt, I .

but

say
something ...
. lf I could lust add
Could I just

Match the words to form compound nouns.

AB
charter

nrnrprt

eco-tourism

companron

travel

flight

holiday

romance

travelling

attractron

departure

cneques

-^ ^-; i^

orocnure

remote

lounge

tou rist

resort

traveller's

area

b. Use four of the compound nouns to make

I
| .
I

I
that
. I see what you mean, | .
somethino to

a.

l .

but..

Yes,

A:

but

...

I
| .

Encouraging
Why do you think that?

What makes You

Can you give me an

example of what you
mean?

Could you be more

specific?

don't quite understand

what you mean by
I

lf you ask me, charter flights are cheap, but they're really

inconvenient.

B:
A:

What makesyou say thatT

Wel[ the flight times are usually in the middle of the

night.

Paraphrase the following statements. Which one do

you agree with? Why? Discuss.

When we travel we learn about ourselves

well as the places we visit.

sentences about different aspects of holidays.

Charter flights are quite cheap.

saY

that?

Home is lr here the heart is.

as

I
-c,.', can tourists behave responsibly in
1:ne places

they visit? Discuss.

,c me, they should not drop litter

and

Eco-tourism is becoming more and more popular, and it's easy to see
why. Deprived areas make the most of their natural attractions, the
environment benefits and travellers feel they are 'giving something
back' to the places they visit. Perhaps the age of responsible touism

moKe sure they leave the place exactly as

they found it.

Yes,

they should respect their surroundings

and take good care of them.

has arrived at last. Let's look at four very dffirent eco-touism

projects from around the globe

Read the title of the article. WhY
does the writer describe the holidays
as "guilt-free"? Skim the text and

fisinking

A group in England is planning

to sink a retired warshiP in
order to use it as an artificial

check.
b. Read questions 1-14 and underline

diving reef. They plan to sink

the ship off the Cornish coast
and hope the project will generate
ten million pounds a Yeat for the
local economy by attracting diving

the key words in each one. In Pairs

try to paraphrase them, then trY to
guess the answers to the questions.

enthusiasts.

Read the text and answer the

c.

ouestions 1-14. Choose from the

texts (A-D). Were Your guesses
correct?
In which area(s):

do local people and

travel companies agree?

will a new plan spoil the

o
.
.
.

spot?

1.

It

The scheme would be the first for Britain. Other countries

including America and Australia already have artificial reefs
created from redundant ships, and the response from diving

20 enthusiasts

can you see something

used for a different

purpose?

is believed that the reef will encourage eco-tourism through

diving, as well as help protect fish stocks and marine life in general.
The zunken ship would attract divers from across Europe and there
will be facilities for able-bodied and disabled divers.
The group is appealing to similar organisations in the hope that
15 they will help them, not only financially but also by sharing their

10

knowledge on such Projects.

0B

view from a well-known

a Warship

.Bi

has so far proved amazing

Hippies Go Home

2.....

can you live as the natives

do?

3...

was the project set up

because of a financial

crisis?

4.....

the government
agreed to the plan?

5.....

has

are there different

opinions on what should

.
.
.

be

done?

6.

...

do the authorities want

to encourage wealthrer

tourists?

8...

certarn group of tourists? 9. ...

will future plans benefit a

is

the group looking for

assistance with the

.
.
.

100

project?

10. .

will tourists have the

opportunity to see wild

animals?

11. ,.. 12

can you find a very easy-

going atmosPhere? 13.....

are they trying to make
life easier for tourists? '14.....

Goa's Anjuna beach is a place which symbolises the carefree

hippie lifestyle. It is a place where low budget tourists go wher
thiy have run out of money' At the weekly market, travellers tn
to iell their cameras, cassettes, guitars and even their clothes"
25 However, it may soon all be over because the local authorities
have announced that they want to discourage tourists who visi:
the area on shoestring budgets.
Local residents do not entirely agree. Although they would like tr
see better-off tourists in Goa, they do not think it wise to turn

30 away the budget travellers. Tourist organisations want i:

concentrate on eco-tourism and plan to organise jungle safan'
because they believe such projects will attract up-mark.:
travellers. Both the residents and the travel organisations feel th':
it is not sensible to snub the tourists they already have in a:
35 attempt to attract more wealthy visitors.

':
Vocabulary Practice
Find five words in the article which are
geographical features. Are there any such

features in your country? (e.g. reefl

o. Find wordsiohrases in the text which mean:
1

not natural (A)

to produce (A) .
5 to put off (B)
..
4 to insult or ignore (B)
2

C Inca Gable Gar

The Inca people built Machu Picchu high up in

the

:rountains because the area was so remote. Now these

:ristine mountains will be changed forever by Swiss
.neineering. A Swiss company plans to build a cable
::r to lift visitors 500m up into the mountains. This
:ieans that travellers will no longer have to trek for

-"

untouched, clean (C)

services provided

c.

Explain the meaning of the words and phrases

to help with living conditions and

financial problems (D) . .. . .... ....

in bold.

L
-

-:.rs along the Inca Trail to sample the magic of

I'lachu Picchu.
)pponents to the scheme argue that the cable car will be
'isible from the site's famous Sun Temple. There is also
. n ider concern that big business tourism will benefit
:rm the scheme, while local inhabitants who earn little
:- rney from tourism will not.
-\ESCO would like to see the development of eco.irism rather than mass tourism in the area. The
l=:uvian government on the other hand supports the
-:rle car scheme, saying that it will allow it to go
-,te ad. and it will see that the character of Machu

Find the opposites of the following words taken

from the text.
1 sink (a ship)

= raise;2 attract = ..,...............; 3 protect

*,..,.,.,.......,.,.; 4 low-budget (tourists) = ..................,

5 preserve (character) 7 ......,..,......,.,..,.,.,, 6 sensible =
..; 7 retired = .,,.,.,....,.,.,...

Text Analysis

Look at the phrases taken from the text and explain

what they mean in your own words.

---chu is preserved.

" ... the response from diving enthusiasts has so far

proved amazing." (lines 19-20)

African
Village
Experience

"... they would like to see better-off tourists in Goa

.

-,--e rence has

just

(lines 28-29)

"... it will

sensible

to snub the

tourists they

see

that the character of Machu Picchu

rs

" (lines 53-54)

"Tourists will be invited to live the African Village

preserved.

Experience.

to
-.:bia. Tourists will be offered the chance
:-.:,unter a wide range of wildlife and a great deal
- :e. This project was set up by the local villagers who
.,: suffering from a downturn in the national

"

(lines 67-68)

Discussion

rDorny. They decided

to raise money themselves to

. :: the cost of educational andwelfare projects.
- *:ists will be invited to live the African Vtllage
- *.,iertce. The tours are led by English speaking
:Jers. and visitors can chooEe from activities such as
*..:ins the local healer to taking part in cooking or
- --ns. Visitors are also offered the option of staying
': :ight in the village. What's more, they are
: - - traged to join in all the local traditions, such as
- .: the left hand to eat with and eating in separate
, - ..: areas for males and females.

"

already have ..." (line 34)

=-n launched in
- South Luangwa
=
J:.,ttrl3l Park in

:r

..

"... it's not

.-:. eco-tourism
:: - iect with a

Make a sentence summary for each part (A'D)

of

the text.
Do you think the projects

will be successful?

Why? Why not?

In pairs, name three of the most important

historical sitesi buildings in your country. What do

you know about them? Discuss.

101

c"tting around
Put the verbs in bold into the
correct boxes according to the
stage of a journey they are
associated with.

We were held up in a traffic jam.

There was no direct tratn so we
had to qo via Birnringham.

We stopped to have a picnic en-route.

l'll be at the station to see you off.

We'll have to get going if we want

to reach Bristol by 6pm.

We passed through some lovely

Persuading lAgreeing
lDisagreeing
sensible | . You are probably | . tt,t no good/no
thing would be .
I right
I use
. I reallythink itwould be a | . Let's dothat! | . I can'tseethe/
pity if we didn't .
| . That is a
I uny point in ..
. lt's vital/important that . I wonderful idea. | . No way!
. I really think we should . . | . W. could always

countryside on the way.

We boarded the train in paris and

qot off in London.

We set off very early in

the

morning and headed for Rome.

beginning

during

eno

5urely the most

A: I really thinkwe should take the camera with us.

B: That is a wonderful idea. l'm sure we'llwant to take lots of pictures,

b.

Use the verbs

to complete the

captain's log. Can you put a date

on it?
1) ....., Aprit,

eet eail lrom

&
#

Signs

a.

Where might you see these signs? What do they mean?

19...

gouthampton thie

on our maiden voyaqe. Hu4e

crowde were Nhere Lo 2) ...................,. ue
3) ,,.........,,..... .We iltl oto? aL Cherbourq,
France 4)
. Hope to O) .................
rnorntnq

VACANCIES

Trqveller's
Cheques
Cqshed Here

oo
troT

0r$TuRal

New York nexl week.

c.

l'll

words from Ex. 1a to tell

your partner about an exciting
journey you remember well.
Use

always remember our first trip to

Madrid. Some friends came to see us off

ffi

D.

...

HotiO"y objects
lmagine that you and your paftner are
going to Mexico and you have to
share a suitcase. There is only enough

room for five items from those in the

pictures. In pairs, decide which five
you will need to pack. Use phrases

102
L=_

from the useful language box.

In pairs, act out short dialogues as in the example.

A,

l'd like a double room, please.

B:

l'm sorry.There are no vacancies. We're fullv booked.

(/

Read the announcements and underline the correct word.

Listen and check. Where might you hear them?

AII passengers/customers for flight Kllvr 726 to Amsterdam please

proceed to Gate 8.

The train standing

London Euston.

Passengers are reminded

them at all times.

at platform/station 2 is the.l 3.17

to keep their

service to

handbag/luggage with

4
5

We will be docking/landing at Cala

sr

3C

--

'-.::

Avoid the M25 and use an alternative road/route

or you could face very long delays.

-\
-/

Phrasal Verbs
---:-1,_
F'

a\
J

Travel

Choose a word from the spidergrams to complete

each sentence (1-5). Use the remaining words to

,.

1^" CorreCt pa( are. :ner eXpla n the phraSal

verbs.

LU

make sentences of your own.

-,.

_:

!:

They set ...,.,.........

Tho nl:nc took

'-'i' .-., =:'

:':'rorn

.-. j:-

a-i

ng.

randed

in Mexico at 9 30a^r'nn

rnrrt* dual carriagewaY

--- r**J*:*1 _*#
{ rOdOS
%*Y#=;F
bypass

4
5
6

lane

motorway

\.**

backpacker

ry.-1*-:*"*,---

* travellers !
rambler- %*ry*-"

--trplo,.",.

you ......................
Can you slow ....................? ':-

John wrll pick

-'.- :-: s::' c"= :':::l -l -.e

speed limit,

track

Pilgrim

sightseer

rtYoutt

Their car broke .......

rAiors & Fixed Phrases

Underline the correct words, then explain the idioms

Are there any similar idioms in your language?

globetrotter

weekend break

ftisht

"-

trip
fl****\ ***{day

* fu*m"i \
@
t

\
ur)tr Stopover

.,,'i.o
Lr

I lost my nerve/heartin Russia. lt's the

excursion

most beautiful country l've ever visited.

I think travel broadens/exponds the

ftvinq visit

mind.

extended sta,

3
4

John seems to have visited every country on earth

He's a real

We couldn't stay long because we both had jobs to

get back to. lt was just a .....,......
...... make journeys to holy places for
ralininr

r<

rorsnn<

We couldn't get a direct flight back home. We had

:i.:1::r

to make new

woras often confused

Underline the correct word,

On the second day of our trip we went to see the
ruins/wrecks/remnants of the ancient city.

The outlook/sight/view from our hotel window

discoveries.

Oescribing Holiday Experiences

a. Cross out the word that

rl

_trt irili'i-lnii

a ........................... in Rome and changed planes.

...... travel to places about which little
is known

Come on, we'll be late if we don't

hit/beotthe road now.
We made/did our way through the
old part of town, up to the castle.

was absolutely breathtaking.

There was a two-hour postponement/delay/

interruption to our flight, so we missed our
a000tnrmenr.

2
3

5
5

does not fit.

calm, rough, open, dark

seaside, luxurious, accommodation, family
local, national, friendly, interelting
soaking, crystal-clear, flowing, fresh
relaxing, package, booked, adventure
spectacular, various, breathtaking, beautiful

b. Use the other words to tell your partner

your last holiday.

A:

had a great holiday lastyear in Spain.

B: ReallyT Was it relaxing?

A: Yes, and the people were very friendly.

He

My travelling colleague/partner/companion and

thoroughly enjoyed the journey to the coast.
Would you like to see the travel leaflets/pamphlets/

5ea

hotel
people
holiday
scenery

about

went on

two-day travel/trip/journey to Moscow.

brochures I brought home with me?

$
1

er"positions

'%-.

APPendix

Fill in: by in, at, for, on, off, then use the phrases to

talk about your last holiday.

1 ..... ... bus/carlplane/coach/rail; 2 . . foot; 3 ........
the road; 4 head ......... somewhere; 5 ......... the coast;
6....... the beaten track; 7......... the move; 8........,

the heart of, 9 arrive ......... a city; 10 ....... . a rush

103

c.
Listening

Do you agree

with this advice?

Discuss in pairs.

Part 3

ffiPart3

Which of these opintons about travel do you

agree or disagree with? Give reasons.
The oest time

to travel is when all the

holiday

crorvds have gone home,

it's better to travel independently than to go on

package holiday where everything

is

arranged for you.

It's better for young children to have holidays close

n
v

Bru'nq souventrs

, r Str rclant< A R

Look at these souvenirs that are sold in different

countries. Discuss with your partner which two you

would buy and which two you would definitely not

to home.

buy. Give reasons.

iu.i
{,

You will hear five people giving their opinions

about travelling. Listen and match the speakers
(1-5)to what they say (A-F). There is one extra
sentence you do not need.
have some clothes in your flight bag
travel abroad later in the Year
travel companies are less helpful than they should be

A
B

organise your holiday yourself

have a summer holiday in England

a competition for a holiday is a good idea

1[
--I
>peaKer r
--|
)peaKer 5

Listening

a.

[
)--|

Speaker4

Speaker

>peaKer

'..;:.,...i):. :3
|

-.i

Part 4

ffi

You will hear a person giving advice on how to

plan a successful holiday. Before you listen, read
the sentences 'l-8 and underline the key words.

ufu*

x,

What do you need to listen for?

iliIt

i Now listen, and decide if the statements (1-8)

are true (T) or false (F).

(:
\

5peaKtng

Parc 4

{ ',,:-_Ui:::t.,.....-.........
i5tuoentsA&b
..,

Toiletry manufacturers make special

lightweight travel products.

.........

thieves.

Inexpensive suitcases attract

Eating sweets is dangerous for children

during take-off and landing

Limit the number of toys your child takes

....

Discuss the following questions.

1
2
3

Which souvenirs are popular in your country? Whici

would you suggest a tourist should buy and why?
Why is it important for someone to take holidays-

Where do you prefer spending your holidays

your country or abroad? WhY?

abroad.
Taking addressed envelopes reminds you

to contact all your friends.

Shop for things which will actually

fit

in

your suitcase.

At the airport, you may be asked about

certain items in your luggage.
Taking care of small details is important

L*__J.0*4

,\'
5
J

'Listen to two candidates doing the above

speaking tasks and assess them in terms of:

.
.
.
r

grammar & vocabulary

discourse management

pronunciation
interactive communrcatton

'

a\
J

Communication
. Complaining - Criticising - Apologising

a. Read the dialogue and underline the phrases

. Asking for an opinion

Read

to complain, apologise and criticise. What

the relationship between the people? What is

the problem?

A: l'm sorry to say that I am very disappointed

'

with

.
.
.

A.

Thanksfor scy'irg

love the

Ji

,,e

iecorated the room. lt looks fantastic!

'c.

A friend of yours has invited you to stay with her at

her summer house. While you are there she

What other problems may people experience on

holiday? Use the phrases in the box to act out
similar dialogues in the following situations.

shows you around the house and asks rvhat you

think of it.

.
.

You arrive at your destination in Spain, but your

luggage has gone to France.
The quality of the food in your hotel is very poor.

You asked the hotel receptionist to give you a

wake-up call for an excursion. She didn't and you

cooks you a special meal.

takes you on a tour of the local area.

Asking for an opinion

So, what do you think?
Do you like

...?

How do you like my

I
|.

I.

...? | .

Thanking
Thanks, l'm glad you like it

Thanks for saying so

You're so kind

Complimenting

really | .
nice.
I
. lt's really beautiful. | .
r Mmmm, that smells | .
superb.
|.
. lthink it's brilliant.

Complaining

c,t !r'tnNT

,',0 )'

language to act out similar

dialogues for the following situations.

built next to a railway line and that trains pass all

night. l'm really fed up with the noise!
Oh dear, I don't knowwhatto say. l'm so sorry.

missed the excursion.

::,

So,,',. c:

B:

b. Use the useful

my hotel room.

is

b.

the dialogue. Where do you think it takes place?

A,

B: What exactly is the problem, sir?

A: You didn't mention in the brochure that the hotel

B:

Complimenting

Thanking

used
is

I'm afraid l've got a complaint ...

l'm sorry to say that I am very disappointed with ...
'm afraid to say I have a number of complaints about
Look, l'm sorry to trouble you, but I wonder if you could

Well, that looks

That's absolutely
deliciousl

Ahh yes, it's wonderful,

What a great idea!

lt looks fantasticl

There's something l'd like to talk to you about. lt's just

that you promised to

...

l've had enough of ...

l'm fed up with

...

It's about time you did

... isn't it?

Everyday English

.
.
.
.

lt's all your fault that

You could at least have

You shouldn't have ...

Why couldn't you ...

Apologising
a
a
a

Oh, l'm ever so sorryl

Oh dearl I don't know what to

say.

Oh dearl l'm terribly sorry about

that l'll see to it as

soon as possible.
a
a

Gosh, you're right. I forgot all about it. l'm sorry!

l'm so sorryl l'll make sure it doesn't happen again.

c.

Holiday matters

Look at the pictures. What do you think the

people are saying? In pairs act out dialogues.

In pairs act out short dialogues using the sentences

below. The class guess where each dialogue takes
place.

a
b
c
d
e
f
g
A:
B:

But I didn't order fishl

Do you need a hand?
ls
I

that a single or return?

don't have anything under that name here.

Aisle or window seat?

ls

that to take away?

We've only got them in a 38.

Hereyou are madam, enjoy your meal.
But

Ididn't order fish!

105

Reading

,l

- Part 3

a.

Complete the advertisement with the correct

prepositions. Where could you read this text?

.in.to.fOr.of

Read the short text below. What kind of story do

you expect to read? Why do you think Maugham

chose Tahiti as a setting for this story?
Tahiti is a South Pacific island famous 'l )for its unique
William Somerset Maugham (1'874-1965) was an extremely
poprlla,r novelist, short-story witer and dramatist, both in
Britain and abroad' Some of his most famous novels are" Liza
of Lambeth, A Man of Honour and Mrs Craddock' In 1917
Maugham took the first of many long trips to the Pacific
Islands, which resulted in some of his finest writings' The first

history friendly people and breathtaking beauty. People go

2)............... this part 3) . ....... the world

the beaches and the relaxed pace 5)

4) . . ..........
lrfe. The

island is rich 6) .............. marine and bird life and is covered

7) ................1ush forest. The best time 8) ............... visit

between May and November, as this is the 'dry season'.

is

of these was The Moon and Sixpence' In this novel a witer

becomes involved in the life of an artist, Charles Strickland'
In this extract the narrator describes his first impressions of

b.

Do you think that the description of Tahiti

matches Maugham's description? Skim the

Tahiti.

extract and check.

ffiffi
I hove olreody soid thot but for the hozord of

io Tohiti I should never hove wrilten lhis

book. lt is there thot ofler monv irovels Chorles
journey

it is there thot he pointed the

on which his fome rests. In Tohili lhe
circumsionces were fovouroble lo him ond here he
found himself. lt would seem thot my visit to this
Stricklond come, ond

piclures

remole islond should immediotely revive my inleresl

in Slricklond but the work I wos engoged in occupied
l0 my ottention ffi
As it wos, my orrivol in Tohiti
mode me forget even more imporlont motters.
I remember thot on my first morning I owoke eorly
ond when I come on 1o the lerroce of the hotel no one
wos stirring. I t | | There seemed no chonce of
i5 breokfost for some time, so
down to lhe
I

ffiffiffi#ffitrffi

wolerfront. The Chinomen were olreody busy in their

shops. The sky wos still pole ond lhere wos sibnce on
the loke. I did not believe my eyes. The doys lhot hod
possed since I left Wellingon seemed extroordinory
ond unusuol. lzTl nnd for three doys ofterwords the

seo wos slormy. Grey clouds chosed one onolher

IgTl fhe Pocific is so vost thot even
ordinory iourneys on it feel like on odventure. The oir
ocross the sky.

you breothe prepores you for the unexpected.

Mureo, the sisier islond, comes into view in rocky 25
splendour rising mysleriously from lhe seo. fZTl tt
would nol surprise you if, os you come neor. looking
for on opening in the reef, it vonished suddenly from

view, ond nothing mel your goze but the

loneliness of the Pocific.

blue

Read the extract. Eight sentences have been

removed from it, Choose from the sentences A-l
the one which fits each gap (1-7). There is one

extra sentence which you do not need to use.

Vocabulary Practice

a.

In pairs, find the adjectives the writer uses to

describe the words in the list.

r the tslands . the sky . Wellington . the sea

to the kitchen but it was locked, and

a bench outside it, a native boy was sleeping.

,^.,andered round

. the clouds . the mountains o the boats

r the town r the oeoole

:r
-re

beauty of the island becomes clearer as you

approach, and its lovely peaks become more distinct
- but it keeps its secret as you sail by.

the islands: remote,

sister, rocky,

lofty

,Vellington is trim and neat and English; it reminds

,ou of a seaoort town on the South Coast.

Explain the highlighted words.

In pairs, highlight the words the writer uses to

refer to the senses. Which sense does each word
refer to? streams murmur (line 33) heorino

is a noisy,

cheerful, animated crowd.

iven here is something sad and terrible.

After all, I hadn't seen him for fifteen years, and it
,vas nine since he died.

The boats in the quay are trim and neat.

Text Analysis

Then the wind dropped, and the sea was calm and blue.
You may imagine it was guarded by Polynesian knights.

What do the phrases mean? Choose A or

1 "... he painted
rests ...
.

A
B

=:

Tohili

is o

mysiery in their deplhs, down

,.-.ich murmur ond splosh cool streoms ond you feel
-ct In those shodowy ploces life hos not chonged for
:erturies. ITT] AU the feeling of sodness is short- 35
,ed, ond serves only to odd io the enioyment of the
*oment. For Tohiti is smiling ond friendly. Nofhing con
3 more colming lhon entering the horbour ot Popeete.
GTl fne little town olong lhe boy is while ond
:rorming, ond the flowers of lhe flomboyont trees, 40
r onled olong lhe slreels, blozed scorlet ogoinsl fhe
'oming blue of the sky. The crowd ot the quoy os the
s'eomer drows olongside is goy ond well-dressed.
lt is o seo of brown foces. You hove on
il
'npression of coloured movement ogoinst lhe floming 45
stue of lhe sky. Everylhing is done in o hurry, the
-nlooding of ihe boggoge, the exominotion ot customs,
;nd everyone seems to smile ot you. 11 is very hot.
-he colour dozzles you.
,o1leys. There

"

B.

the pictures on which his fame

(lines 4-5)

He painted his last pictures here.

He painted his most famous pictures here.

There seemed no chance

of breakfast for

some

time ..." (lines 14-15)

A We would be lucky if we had breakfast
B Breakfast would most probably be late.

What is meant by the following?

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

favourable circumstances (line 6)

revive my interest (line 8)

to

to occupy my attention (lines

9-10)

the wind dropped (Sentence H)

to meet your gaze (line 29)
an animated crowd (Sentence D)
a sea of brown faces (line 44)

Discussion

Describe what your dream island would look like.

My dream island would have clean, white sand and a deep
blue sea...

In pairs discuss the following.

.
.

Do you like travelling by sea? Why (not)?

What kind of lifestyle do islanders have when the

tourists have left? Describe the advantages/
disadvantages of living on an island.

lmagine you are in Tahiti. Write a postcard to

a friend of yours.

107

,@_\

ffi@

7
8

Modal Verbs
Grammar Reference
.-

Anyone

..,.....1oin the travel club.

You....

.... change your money

here;

you'll have to go to a bank.

Obligation & Necessity

b. In pairs, think of questions to ask the following

Complete each sentence with an appropriate

modal verb of obligotion or necessity.

1
'
2

people using con or could.

get a visa when travelling

You

between EU countries.
The cabin crew of an aeroprane ..........................
check the nasqenoFrs have their seatbelts fastened

. tour

air stewardess

QUide

r hotel

receptionist

In pairs, ask and answer the questions about your

country.

before take-off.

First class travellers .............,..,.,.,..... worry about

small, uncomfortable seats.

4 lf

to an area with tropical

.............. have vaccinations.

you're travelling

diseases,

you

2
3
4
5

In pairs, write two answers to each question.

visa

/ travel / USA?

A: Do you have to have a visa to travel to the USA?

B: Yes,you do.
pets/allowed/public transport?
travel abroad/lD card/passport?
camp/allowed/beaches/public parks?
pay/visit museums?

What...

'l ... ought you to check

before going

to the

'

English in Use

Port 3

airport?

2
3
4
5

... do you have

to do when travelling

abroadT

... mustn't you take through customs?

five words, including the word given. Do not

take-off?

change the word given.

... shouldn't you do on the beach?

arrive

You shouldn't have any trouble getting there.

lt can take longer than you think.

He must be on the train somewhere.
lt may/might not be such a nice place to live.
Someone might/could give you a lift if you ask.
He should be arriving there about now.
|

couldn't ask her to lend me her

1 lt is important that we reach Milan tomorrow

mornrn9.

What do the modals in bold mean? Discuss in pairs.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Complete the second sentence so that it has the

same meaning as the first, Use between two and

... does an air steward have to check before

* Possibility & lmpossibility

car,

This can't be the place we're supposed to meet.

tomorrow morntng.
You couldn't get in without showing lD before,
but now you can.

show
r

was

You.

tord,n;,

worry

;;;;;.;

;;;ril;:"i J.:::::;

lwas told that

| ...........

about booking in advance.

Leaving without saying goodbye wouldn't be
right

ought
*

We really

I really

think we ..,....,.,.....

Ability & Permission

we leave

I think you're wrong to criticise the hotel staff.

a.

Fill in can,con't or could.Which express ability?

1 ................ ....you really get me tickets, too?

2 The guide ............ not give us an answer,
3 ........................ I have the key to my room, please?
4 The chef ........................ cook you anything.
5 You
... get flights much cheaper last

You.............
the hotel staff

They

will make you pay if your

we use the tennis court. please?

luggage

is

overweight.

will

You ....

any overweight luggage.

It isn't easy for her to make friends.

difficulty

year.

108

not

Which express permission?

She

.. ... ..

friends.

.. ..

::::
:::aa

:,aa

Vnrr'd haiiar n^i n^

nr

ri indrv if

English in Use

you've got a cold,

stay

think ........

if you've got a cold

lf I were you, I wouldn't buy an

ra,ar+h
vvurLr|

Part 5

Fill the gaps in the text below

with words formed from the words

tn

capitals. There is an example at the beginning (0).

ln mv upililurl,
anininr
il|ilry

an expenslve camera.
'1

He didn't succeed in reaching the

top

reach

He

the top

Word Formation
In pairs, write the abstract noun,

concrete noun, adjective and adverb

from the following verbs. Then write
sentences using them.

r admire . romnete
!v|||ts9\v

rorrect

. enthuse . exhaust . exoend

. organise . guide r invite
. produce . qualrfy . repeat

Most of the major French rivers are either too shallow

or busy for 0) pleasure boats - but that does not detract from
. The river
the breathtaking beauty of the 1)
which is
Loire flows through beautiful flat 2) ....... ...
excellent for cycling. Blois is an ideally 3).........................
base, as it is a busy, but very pleasant 4)........................
town. On one of my visits there, I found a note on my car
from the police saying that, though flattered I had chosen to
and could
visit their town, I had parked 5) .... .......
next time. The ch6teau at
I park more 6)......... .... ...
Blois has an incredibly 7) ..... ..... ..... ..... .... . staircase thought

LEGAL
CARE
STYLE

to have been designed by Leonardo da Vinci. From here it is a

flat 10-mile cycle ride to the chiteau of Chambord,

.... skyline, which has been

renowned for its 8)
likened to an overcrowded chessboard. Also worth visitinq is

ch6teau

Q)

surprisingly modern

at

Chaumont

with

FORGET

its

NEIGHBOUR

9th-century interior

ffiffi*K&ffiffiw #mwtrd@sdw#"s

There are too many people in Britain today who are 0) ready
- complain rather than enjoy their holidays and who 1) ............

:-e rvord about how easy it is to 2) ............ money back from the
-arel industry which appears to have become paralysed with
-:.ar over bad 3) ............ .
I recently heard a middle-aged woman protesting bitterly that
of a golf cart during an all;^e had had to pay for the 4)
-:lusive golfing holiday in Jamaica and demanded back all the
-rney spent on the cart 5)............ with more for the'distress'
. A friend of mine recently 7) ............ a
,^e had been 6)
."rup of young lads deciding, before they even B)............ the

A used

accustomed

ready

A give

<nrced

pass

D tell

A get

IAKC

ask

D award

A review

publicity

media

D reputation

A loan

rent

let

AS

D extra

done

D made

fit

hire

A plus

tnnothar

caused

suffered

listened

overnear0

remarKeo

D suSpeCte0

A took

landed

boarded

n caught

........... on the cost of their holiday and which high-value item

A deposit

guarantee

refund

D cut

10

ride

excursion

D trip

11

A ferry

tour

cruise

D cargo

12

A pair

couple

duo

D double

13

A narme0

prevented

limited

D reouce0

14

spaces

halls

D sitting+ooms

15

A others

rest

else

D left

,.-cratt, what they were going

BUSTLE

Choose the right word to fill in each gap (A, B, C or D).

- Part

SITUATE

tho

Enolish in Use

PLEASE

SURROUND
COUNTRY

to complain about to get

,.:,rld be 'lost' during the 10)

Last month a Manchester man led a 'mutiny' of 200
ship because, he said, the bingo
::jlengers on a 11)
'' ze was not big enough. This week I heard details of a
- - ^evmoon 12) ............

who were sent a big bouquet of flowers

: , :he tour operator and then complained that it was too big and
.1
3r ........... them from moving freely about their hotel room.
--:se types, who we have all met in airport 14)........... , just
-':re th 15)........... of us suffer, when they lie and fool tour
:-rators into handing cash back.

lounges

c
c

109

b. Read the story and put the paragraphs in the

correct order. Then, answer the questions that

Narratives are wrltten either in the first person

(l/we) or in the third person (he/she/they) They may be

of real events that happened to us or

somebody eJse, or rmaginary stories. These can be
humourous stores, spy stories, detective stories, fairy
ta es, etc Before we start writing the story, we should
decide on the plot line - that ts, the events which
make up the story.

follow.

accounts

A irairative should consist of:

r
.

an introduction in which the scene is set - that is,

when and where the story took place, who the
people in the story were and what happened first.
a main body of two or more paragraphs where the

story is developed describing the events, usually in

chronological order. One of the events should be the
climax event - that is, the event where interest,
suspense and feelings reach their peak.

a conclusion which includes what happened at the end

of the story, as well as people's feelings, final comments

or reactions. A twist

that is, a surprising ending

makes a long-lasting impression on the reader.

title in order to
attention, especially if it is for a

A narrative may also

attract the reader's

have a catchy

magazine, newspaper, etc.

A Lucky Mistake
IRT] Atter I had checked in, I made my way slowly
to the departure gate. As I was waiting to board the
plane,

I kept thinking about my ideal holiday

destination: Jamaica,with its long, sandy beaches and

crystal clear water.
I eTl So there I was, lying on the beach, enjoying the
music and sampling the marvellous food of Jamaica!
As for Aunt Rosa, I suppose she just had to live

without me!

ETI fne day of my holiday

arrived, but

wasn't

it. I had little money and had only

been able to afford to stay with my Aunt Rosa in
Spain. So, I wasn't really thrilled as I knew exactly
looking forward to

what it was going to be like: lots of noisy cousins, and

Aunt Rosa begging me to take her for a ride.

fDTl as soon as the plane took off, I fell fast asleep

and only woke to the sound of the announcement:
"Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seatbelts,
as we will shortly be landing in Kingston." I froze in
my seat. Was I dreaming? Kingston? Jamaica? I had
boarded the wrong plane!

ffi

UnO.rstanding the Rubric

a.

Read the rubric and underline the key words.

Then, answer the questions.

iif
ffi

Your local newspaper is holding a short story

competition and you have decided to enter. Your
story should start with 'The day of my holiday arrived,
but I wasn't looking forvvard to it." Write your story

is

Which tenses have been used? What does each

verb describe (actions, events, feelings, etc)?
Underline the adjectives used and say which have

going to read your story?

Who should the storv be about?

yourself
your best friend

positive or a negative meaning.

Circle the adverbs used and decide which show

What should your story be about?

a a trip you didn't feel excited about at first

manner, time or degree.

Which words show the sequence of events?
Which words/clauses describe the writer's feelings/

for

the comoetition in 120 - 180 words.

Who

Immediately after the plane had landed, I

explained the situation to the authorities. It seems
there were also three other passengers heading for
Spain. Apparently it had been the airline's fault, since
the flight numbers for Spain and Jamaica were
exactly the samel Therefore, with no flight back to
London for a week, the airline had no choice but to
pay for our stay!

ffTl

b
c

your ideal holiday

a trip you had been dreaming of, which turned

4
5

moods?

out to be disappointing.

Which is the climax event? Underline it.

c.

Put the events in chronological order.

in and waited to board the plane.

the problem to the authorities.

ET-l

I checked

fET-l

t explained

l?Tl

spent a week in Jamaica.

llT_l fne airline agreed to pay for my stay in Jamaica

lGT-l

The plane took off

&

,TTl

t wasn't looking forward to going on holida,.

pilot announced that we were landing
The
[9T-.]

Past Tenses

in

Kingston.

.hT-l t fell asleep.

[-T-l

a\

t realised I

r**1r,.

was on the wrong plane.

i .
{
{
.
f
! o

Time Words & Phrases

,'To show the sequence of events in a story we can

rse linking words such as:

.'rhen

-roment

while

:ventually

as soon as

by the time
meanwhile

after

before

a.

--_n

past

past perfect, for actions which happened before other

past actions, or to give the background of the story.

.-...._._,,_.",,"__.,*._"_,"..,__.-:

The Smiths' problems 1) ..........

.... (begin) when they
2) ................... ..... (arrive) at the airport They 3)

(stand) r the oJeue to creck 'r, when rrey 4) ...............

(heal that tl'eir plar^e had been delayed They woulo have ro

wait around ai the airpori for another four hours!

5)

1.

anywherel

They

(decide) to do some shopping in the airporr

................................

shops, but ten minutes later all the shops 6)

(start) closing. Apparently, the shops 7) ................................ (shut)
at 9:0Opm

'y'y'hile

we were waiting to check in, we heard one of

--_. guests complaining Lhat ther e was no hot

water. in
:-: bathroom and her- room was crawling with
-:i<noaches! At that moment we both decided that we
r:uld only spend one night thene and finst thing in the

--.ning we would look for another place lo

eventVactions in progress at a ceftain time in the

...

Read the extract below and underline the time

words and phrases.

As soon as the taxi pulled up outside the hotet, we

, -ew we had made a terrible
mistake. When we nao
:::ked our" holiday, the tnavel agent said that the
" -lel Mirage was a 4-star
hotel in the centre of town.
-- s was an old nundown building and we
were miles

'

Read the extract and put the verbs in brackets into

the correct tense: past simple, past continuous or
past perfect simple.

'rst-finally-as

O"t, simple, to describe actions which started and

ended in the past, or actions which happened one
after the other in the past.
O"tt continuous, to set the scene or to describe :

It**-***,.**.*"-

at that

first - next - soon - then after a while - suddenly - at

We can use various past tenses in a story:

sray.

fhey

time words and phrases from the box above.

..

,, open and they 9)

(find) a newsagenr rhat

...............

was

(buy) some magazines and

l' a few sweets to eat

on the plane. The airline representative

10) .............................. (give) them food coupons to use at rhe

airpo.t cafeteria, but when they 1
(get) rhere
(be)
il12) .................... . .....
so full rhat rhey couldn't find a sear.
They 13) .......................... (think) they might rreat rhemselves ro

1)

'

b. Read the rest of the story and fill in appropriate

8)

: a meal in the expensive restaurant near the first class lounge.

Urfortunately, when rne bill 14)
(come), they
, 15)
,r

...

..............

(realise) that they 16)

... .

.....

(change)

most of their money into US dollars and they couldn't pay itl

1) ........................ it was our turn to check in

but the

hotel receptionist said she couldn,t find

our

reservation. 2) ....................... we did not know what

''ras wrong. 3) ...................., she asked
to check our
.'onfirmation details. "You're in'the wrong place," she

said eventually. "This is Le Mirage. your hotel is

;alIed Mirage and it,s in the centre of town.,, She
called a taxi for us and 25 minutes later we arrived
at
a beautiful, luxurious hotel.

I used

to be

lion hunter in
the Arctic.
I know. I shot

But there aren't

any lions in the

them at[.

4) ...................... we had checked in and the porter

rad taken our luggage up to our suite overlooking the
pool, we both breathed a sigh of relief. S) .............
"rur

holiday was about to begin.

c.

Read the events in Ex. 'lc and use appropriate

time words and phrases from the box above to

retell the story.

111

ffi

The paragraph below has no adverbs. lmprove the

writing style by placing the adverbs from the list in
suitable places in the underlined parts.

Adjectives, Adverbs & Verbs

,." To make a narrative more interesting to the reader,

we should relate the characters' moods and feelings.

.
.

gratefully . anxiously
quickly o absolutely

carefully

'

suddenly

We can do this by:

.
.

of adjectives and adverbs such

as

wonderful, fascinating, horrible, depressed,efc instead

of

using a variety

simplistic ones such as good, nice, bad.

using a variety of verbs such as whispe? scream, sigh,
exclaim elc.

a.

Ir".ttr"dt'

.Iremembered

that the last time I had used it was at the caf6 where we
had stopped for a drink. We made our way back to the
cafd and went over to the table we had been sittine at.
Wc ct e.t"a to seJ it naa fun"n o.r tne noo", l,rt it
1$ **o t tt ut". W" *ked to see the manager and we
explained that my purse was missing. He asked us to
l$ describe what it looked like and what was inside it. He
:if Iistened. then went back i
carrvins my purse. We thanked him and he offered us
ti$

Read the two paragraphs below and compare

them, saying which is more interesting to the

reader and why.

exhausted. We were on our way back to our hotel when

The next morning we decided to go to

the beach.
It was a bright, warm, sunny day and even
though it was early, there were quite a

irtls

coffee and dessert on the house.

few people there already.

We found a lovely spot and spread

out our towels on the warm,
golden sand. The sea looked very

inviting. ft was a beautiful,

clear, turquoise blue and it
seemed to sparkle in the

sunlight. We spent the

whole morning

Techniques
.."

'

I:t.,/.

to begin and/or end your story

,./**o

-..""

An interesting beginning is important in order to

catch the reader's attention and make them want to

continue reading. An interesting ending will make them
feeL satisfied.

We can start our story by.

using the senses to set the scene and describe the

weather, atmosphere, surroundings or

sunbathing and
swimming.

people's

actions to create mystery and suspense.

e.g, A strange sensation came over me as

lwalked along

the cold, dim corridor. Suddenly, a delicate glow appeared

,,i'

at the end and my heart began pounding quickly.

.:

Julie sot in the cof6 in the nice fishing villoge. She wos

wotching people getting off the big cruise ship. Her

We can start or end our story by

nice foce lit uo ond she smiled os she sow her nice 80-

usinn dirert sneech c q. "Watch out! That branch

yeorold grondmother wolking towords her weoring o

about to fall!" shouted Greg urgently.

asking a rhetorical question (a question that doesn't

nice dress. She hugged Julie, sot down opposite her

ond gove o smoll sigh of ioy. After the bod time she
hod hod geiting ihere, she felt very lucky to finolly be

expect an answer): e.g. Have you ever had the feeling

that you were being watched?

on the islond with her nice gronddoughter.

ts

referring to feelings/moods: e.g. Vivianwas so nervous

that, just as she was about to deliver her speech, she froze
and stared blankly at the audience.

b.

Use the adjectives in the list below

to make

have done the same thing in my place.

paragraph B more interesting to read.

. delightful r pleasant . tiny . enormous

. colourful . beautiful . wonderful

addressing the reader directly: e.g. l'm sure you would

o horrible

We can end our story by:

describing people's reactions to/feelings about the

events developed

in the main body. e.g. lt had

definitely been a horrifying experience and lwas lucl<y to

be alive in the end.

t_

Match the beginnings of the stories to the endings

and say which techniques have been used in each

one,

::t

ffi

Una"rstanding the Rubric 2

Read the following rubrics and suggest suitable

beginnings and endings for each task, applying

appropriate techniq ues.

tntngs

' i

was an extremely hot August night and paul was

,;ing in bed. As he tossed and turned he could hear the

A*

a
a
a

strange sounds of the unfamiliar city in the distance.

le got up, walked to the window and looked out.

'What am ldoing here?"

he asked himself.

realised that something was wrong."

B#

3
t
a

.Jave you ever had one of those days where no

natter what you do everything seems to go wrong?

a
a
I

rVell, I had one of those davs last vear.

a.

travel magazine has decided to publish a

collection of travel stories written by their
readers. All stories must end with these words:
"As the

plane took off, they both hoped that the

No matter how many times I go over that day in my

mind, I am amazed at how the events just fell into
place. But I suppose that's life, isn,t it?

Stepping carefully over the broken pieces of glass,

Andrew and his wife followed the others out of the
hotel. They were all tired, hungry and still in shocr,
but they were very happy to be alive!

As the jeep rolled across the vast desert, paul lookeo

back at the walled city, now only a small dot on the

horizon. With a deep sigh of relief he said, "l,m so

glad it's all over! "

t,,
.' I

,,,
r,

--'a-l--

-:ii

,'..

rest

of

stressful ."

Read the rubric and the two models that follow

and decide which one best answers the
question.
Your teacher has asked you to write a short story

beginning with the words: "/f was abeautiful sunny

morning and Tom had the day off work."

:;ril

less

"

-: ngs
{

their holiday would be

Dark clouds were g.tf'"ring outside and the wind

aras howling. As the hotel guests gathered in the
iobby, their faces looking extremely worried, Andrew
looked at his wife and said, "Don't worry, darling.
Everything will be alright.

You have been asked to write a story for your

school magazine. The story must begin with
these words: "As soon as I opened my suitcase, I

..,,1]].:]...,.i']']]..,]ii]:i].]:]iil'']ii!i]]i]';i.]]liii:]]:'l!i]i;]ii]i;,;*ili']:i]i,:

Gaught in a Storm
It was a beautiful sunny morning and Tom had
the day off work. He thought it would be a good
idea to visit his cousins, Bob and paul, who had
recently rented a summer cottage near the seaside.
He threw a towel and a pair of swimming trunks
into his travel bag and set off on his motorbike.
,'When he arrived the boys were pleased to see
him. "We've rented a speedboat to go water-skiing,"
they said. "Do you want to come with us?" Tom
wasn't sure because he had never been water-skiing
before. "Don't worry, we'll teach you how to do it,"
promised the boys. After a while, Tom manased to
stand on the skis without falling into the sea. They
were having so much fun that they didn't notice the
dark clouds in the sky.
I It was atsout six o'clock in the afternoon when
Paul called to Tom. "This is your last run, Tom,', he
shouted. "It's getting dark and it's time we went

back." While they were pulling Tom along, the

engine suddenly stopped. The boys tried hard to get
the engine started, but they couldn't. Then the boat
slowly began to drift out to sea.
As they were sitting there wondering what to do,
there was a loud crash of thunder and a flash of
lightning lit up the evening slqr. The sea was dark
and angry and it looked as if there was going to be a
storm. Tom noticed that Paul and Bob looked
worried and that made him feel frightened. Just
then the boys saw a lifeboat approaching in the
distance and they breathed a sigh of relief!

113

A Storm

nO
Ao

Tom had the day off work. He decided to visit his

cousins, Bob and Paul, for the day. They had rented a
cottage near the sea. Tom put some things in a bag and

ffi
d

#
e

&
w
#

left.

When he got there, the boys asked him to go waterskiing with them. Tom didn't know how to water-ski, but
they said they would show him. After some time Tom
could ski. They were having a good time. They didn't see
the dark clouds in the sky.
About six o'clock in the afternoon it was nearly dark.
Paul told Tom that they should go back. They were pulling
Tom along when the engine stopped. They tried to start it

.*
'*

again, but they couldn't.

They were sitting there thinking what to do and there
was loud thunder. lt looked like there was going to be a
storm. Paul and Bob looked worried. Tom felt frightened,

Your teacher has asked you

ending with these words:

I
a
t

to write a

story

"He was fa6 far away at last "

#F
&
{w

A popular teen magazine has asked its readers

in cr rhmit <hnrt

a
:
|
I

have decided

st61j95 abOUt travelling and yOU

to

send in a story. Your story

must begin with these words:

'W, felt surprised as the train pulled into the empty

station."

Your school magazine is holding a short story

competition and you have decided

Your story must begin with these words:

t
t

"l will never forget my first

too. Then the boys saw a lifeboat and they felt happy.

to

enter.

camping holiday."

Do you have to write a first- or a third- person

narrative?

b.

.
.
beginning & ending .
.
use of adjectives &

title
interesting

a
a

Compare and contrast the two models in terms of:

Who is going to read the story?

Where and when will your story take place?
Who are the main characters in your story?
What are the main events in your story?

time words/phrases

of direct sPeech

How can you end your story?

Can you think of a catchy title?

use

variety of vocabulary
use

of past tenses

a0veros
b. Choose one or more of the tasks and write your

answer(s) in 120-'180 words.

Look at model B again. ln pairs, suggest a

different beginning and a different ending to

improve its writing style.

checklist

eunctuation
Before handing in your piece of writing, check the

following.

In pairs, punctuate the sentences.

.
1
2
3
4
5

a long way isnt it paul said

i dont know how to do it do you

it

content
ls

is

gosh its fantastic she exclaimed

i dont believe this is happening

what are you doing in my room bob said

Iliscuss

rff,

10 a. Look at the following writing tasks, underline

the key words, and for each one, answer the
ouestions that follow.

the story line interesting?

ls it well-developed?

the beginning/ending interesting?

ls there a climax event? What is it?
ls

organisation
- Are the events organised in paragraphs?
- Are the sentences/paragraphs well-linked
together?
accuracy
Are there any errors in spelling, punctuation,
grammar, etc?
ran9e
Have you used a range of vocabulary &

grammar?

114

Vocabulary & Grammar

lpicked up a great travel ....,...... about

Russia at

the travel agent's.

A leaflet B pamphlet C brochure

Fill in the missing word.

Mary has always been the ..ii,,.-,!.+.: .... of attention

2.'

Helen offered

to

ChocolateAs

noticed a wonderful aroma of spices in the air.

Jim likes ao ..ir,.ii,........ up with current affairs by
reading different newspapers.

The quiet little village

of

lreland.

is ...9ll......... the west

teacher? Was she nice?

coast

t:

,,A,

10

the train on time.

friendly...lr.:.....:.....'

13
14

in a very warm

and

to takb a taxi because her car f rote d*yl:,

in the middle of the street.
Coca Cola is one of the most famous brand 1li.ti:,,,-S.,

conventional
adventurous
eye

service

public
C

interest

.';
|)
nts snrrt ........i..:....,.............. the trousers nicely.
16 He is addicted 1...:........ video games.
17 Do you ......r:.. i... ..,. to go so soon? I *r, lop,ng

Dlane

business to Mexico.
A travel B trip
C journey

after the
D light

Bill is on a

Lyn had

in the world.

an

C imaginative
D immature

The minister was in the

Jcandal was exposed.

You had better .,rr.i..:-.. going if you want to catch

She smiled and said hello

to take

via Arlington Avenue.

beliefs

in a traffic jam.

12

.. _:.i......

Mrs Smith was a rather old-fashioned woman with

A
B

to work ......,,9:.:....... foot as it,s only two

blocks away from his house.
Jane was late for her appointment after being held

11

C impression D sight

Aroad Btroute Cstreet

He goes

10

view

The road was blocked so we had

alternative

They were taken ...-..:..

..... by the news of the
''.......
accident.

look

The older she Qts, ....\.,.":,,1.........., more difficult she

becomes.

calm

rough open
5 Ann loves to. , ... .. every new fashjon.
A start B follow C sit
D pass
What was your flrst
of the new Maths

,t,-':.r(...... me up from the airport.

.Or:.iy.:.E.. youngsters.
7 poRular
...:!.*.ii!..... .... my way through the bazaar,

The cruise w41 cancelled due to the ........... sea.

lp.
C
D dark

. , at parties.

3
4

D prospectus

D voyage
(10 marks)

Use of English

you'd stay for dinner.

18
19

20

the ..4::....it:,,.:..i...i.......... of Moscow.

couldn't believe how the children took ........
the new babysitter.
lt's getting late, we'd better ............ the road now.
I

Circle the correct item. '

1
2

Complete the second sentence using the word in

bold. Use two to five words including the word
given. Do not change the word given.

Red Square is in

(10 marks)

She

couldn't concentrate on her work because of the

noise.

so

lt was ..... ......

........ couldn't concentrate on her work.

lt's easy for Sam to speak in public.

difficulty

Sam

They wiil ask

to

snow

You will

has

speaking in public,
the airport.

see your passpoft at

your passport at the airport.

lt's a film about a famous

who discovered
an island no one had ever travelled to before .
A pilgrim B sightseer (C.,explorer D backpacker

Getting cheap tickets

to

London is harder than

thought.

not

Our boss is very .....i......; she,s always calm and

relaxed.

A self-centred
B easy-going

C down-to-earth

Qt level-headed

(5 marks)

3A:

Fill in the correct word derived from the word in

bold.

B:

Why does he insist on being so

.. in front of visitors?

B:

is

the problem?
I

a
b

Thanks, l'm glad you like it.

a
b

Thanks for saying so.

Well, I don't believe it

A: How do you like it?
B:

and never had to worry about

thing.

They

What exactly
l'm so sorry!

A: That's absolutely del icious

CHILD

2 The local authorities organised a week

events.
CULTURE
; of .........
3 She grew up in luxurious
SURROUND
a

It's all your fault that we're latel

a
b

think it's brilliant.

(5 marks)

tiptoed

.. across

the

CARE

,;i.t;rlji.lt,l&tl:al;* -

hall so as not to wake the others.

The environmental

.............

ORGANISE

Mappingthe Past

was established in 1984.

(5 marks)

Read the sentences. lf a sentence is correct, put a

(/). lf it has a word that should not be there,

write this word on the line.
tick

and
Wen

The cause of this strange disease

not been known.

I think the film must have been
is

shot in lreland.
The idea is that money will make

you the happier and more successful.

She goes

to the cinema twice

as

more often as most people I know.

The film got such very good reviews

that it became a great

the Present

Jeremy Dale stafted to study caftography,

he discovered that there was more
to maps than he had realised.

Maps are so common today that many of us recognise the

shape of familiar countries like Africa, Italy or the USA.
And most of us could quite easily draw the outline of our
country with some degree of accurary. But this was not
always the case. In order to become so familiar with the

world we live in,

success.

it

has taken thousands

of

brave

explorers.
(5 marks)

Communication
6

...

...........

get tickets for the

concert tonight?

2)

B:

To

A:

... mood for live music.

..........
to the theatre?
OK, how 4) ................
good
a
idea to me.
That 5)

have been fascinated by maps for as long as I can

remember. Even as a young child, I would spend hours
t0 turning the pages of our worn-out old atlas of the world.
So when my local college announced that it was running a
cartography course, I decided to revive an old interest.

., I don't fancy it
1

l'm 3)

B:

Complete the dialogue.

A: Why 1)

(5 marks)

15

Ptolemy understood the problem of representing the

earth, which is a sphere, on a flat surface. This is difficult
but extremely important. Imagine, for instance, if you saw
your country which was the wrong shape, or only
half as bis as it should be.
a map of

Circle the correct response.

1A:
B:

Guess

a
b

I kind

of like it.

No, really?

A: l'm sorry
B:

what? Jim is in town.

to trouble you, but I wonder if

you

could do something about that noise.

a lt's about time you did something, isn't it?
b l'm terribly sorry about thatl l'll see to it as
cnnn 2q nnccihlo

The invention of the printing press in 1450 meant that

maps could be widely distributed and everyone would
20 have the same copy. Until this point, each map would
have been hand made - and as a result. no two were

Reading
Around the same time as Ptolemy, the Roman Empire found

You are going to read a magazine article about

cartography, the study of maps. Seven paragraphs

that maps were extremely useful, Places as far apart as England

and North Africa could not easily have been controlled from

have been removed from the article. Choose from

the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap
1t-O'). there is one extra paragraph which you do

And in case you are tempted to think that these were tricks that

not need to use. There is an example at the

mapmakers got up

beginning (0).

maps are retouched with colour to show green vegetation or

Rome without the use of maps. But for the really interesting time

in map-making history, we move fonvard to the Middle Ages.

t0 in the past, think again, Many

satellite

blue rivers. The time of day and the time of year plays a part,

too. Think about it. lf you make a map in winter, there will be

lot more snow in certain areas, and a lot less in others.

Thanks to the accuracy of this map, it soon became clear that a

:ractly the same. By this time, more people could read,

.-. they were more likely to buy maps.

large number of deaths had happened very close

t0

one

particular water pump, This not only led directly to the closing of

the pump, but also to an understanding of how the disease is

)'c,r'iously by the nineteenth century, we knew so much

spread by water.

:.rre about population, education, crime, disease and

:her things that this information could now be
:cluded in specially designed maps. In an interesting

The firsl lesson was amazing. The course stafied with a brief

-.e of mapping, a famous 1855 map of London marked

:: sites where people had died from cholera.

history, We were told about the earliest maps, one of which is

from Babylonia and was made on a clay tablet about 4,500

years ago. Then, around 2,000 years ago, the Alexandrian
:.4..

astronomer Ptolemy changed the way we thought about the

w0n0.
u

'e

first lesson was interesting, then, but the second

:-e was absolutely fascinating, as it focused on the way
, ine maps distort the truth. Did you know, for
:t:mple, that many maps over the years have shown
countries to be much bigger or smaller than they
":rain
. ; in reality?
:

Maps can be made in stone, in the sand, even in the eafth.

,iil

Early maps were made on animal skins. Very often, there were

a::a

!il

colourlul oictures on them to make them look more attractive.

In some cases, this is accidental but in others, it has been

it.l

done on purpose. What happens is that the country which

lirr,

::l

produces the map shows their own land

to be much

bigger

than it is, while neighbouring countries are shown t0 be small

and unimpoflant.

: r can easily see how people could get the wrong idea

'',:n

'.:r
,-.j

Even more people bought maps after the discovery 0f America

in 1492.In fact, new lands were being discovered all the time

maps, believing that one country is very advanced,

tremendous road systems, extensive rail networks

huge modern cities. The country next door,

',
':.i ever, would have none of these things marked on
.-.: maD - even if it was more advanced!

and our knowledge of the world grew rapidly. Africa and Asia,

as well as the Americas, now began to interest people, and

tta.,

lll

maps satisfied our curiosity about the world.

lmagine, for example, setting out 0n a sea voyage not knowing

what, if anything, you would find. But to make a map, you

need more than just bravery. lt has taken the world's greatest

soes
as

to

thinkers, scientists, mathematicians and geographers

show that with

all this information toqether and make sense of it.

with most things, you

look very

carefully
believe all you seel
me, I'm very much;;$

forward to
I'11

let you

lesson',,

know

find out.

r*f

,:

*:

t0

put

c.

Llsien Ing

q
J-

unconventional appearances. Compare and

contrast the two pictures, saying why you think
each person has chosen their stYle.

' You will hear five people talking about problems

ihey faced while travelling.For questions 1-5, match
the events (A-F)to the people talking about them.
There is one extra letter which you do not need to use.

' t'

A
B
C
D
E
F

forgetful.
He made a wrong decision.
He got to the wrong Place.
He was

Speaker

Speaker 2

He was treated badly.

Speaker 3

He didn't take safety precautions.

Speaker 4

He was involved in a frightening

Speaker 5

ncident.

Look at the following two

pictures showing people with

T
T
T

(10 marks)

Speaking

10

Answer the following questions.

1
2
3
4

How do you usually travel to work / school?

What do you like most about the place you live?
What does your neighbourhood look like?
Can you tell us a few things about your family?

d.

ls

it right to judge people from their

appearance?
(10 marks)

Look at the following two pictures showing

11
- a. different
hobbies. Compare and contrast the

two pictures, saying which hobby you think

more rewarding.

Writlng
is

12

You have decided to enter a short story

competition. The competition rules say that the
story must begin with the following sentence:
He stepped

out of the shadows and walked towards

me.

Write your story for the competition in 120-180

woros.
(17 marks)
(Totol = 100 marks)

Progress Update
How do you rate your progress? Tick
that applies to you.

b.

What do you do in your leisure time?

(/) the box