PARA JUMBLES

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1.

What are para jumbles?

Para jumbles are, as the name suggests, jumbled paragraphs. You are expected to rearrange the sentences so that they
make logical sense.
Solving para jumbles involves a strong grasp of context, language, grammar and more importantly, it requires
common sense.

2.

Question Types

Most para jumble questions are of two types:

1. Moving jumbles: This is the plain vanilla version where a bunch of sentences are jumbled and given to you. And
the answer is a certain combination of these sentences.
2. Anchor jumbles: In an anchor jumble, the first and the last sentence are given. And the sentences in between
are in random order. The answer is again, a specific combination of these sentences.

3.

Approach Methodology

The different methodologies that can be adopted for solving para jumbles are:
(a) Acronym Approach - full form vs. short form
(b) Time Sequence Approach - TSA - either dates or time sequence indicating words
(c) Examples Approach - EA - after an hypothesis or theory
(d) Articles - definite and indefinite
(e) Noun, Pronoun, and Demonstrative Adjective - NPDA Approach - limited to not just noun
(f) Opening - Closing Sentence Approach - OCSA - supported or free, general or need previous explanation
(g) Key Words Approach - KWA - words repeated in two consecutive sentences
(h) Look for the Conjunctions that play a very important role in joining two or more sentences. Such as
after, although, as far as, as long as, as soon as, because, before, if, since, so, though, unless, until, when,
whenever, whereas etc.

4.

What to see while doing para jumbles

Even the toughest para jumbles have two or three sentences that form a link. Try to spot a link that has to
go together and then eliminate the options that do not have that link. This is the first round of elimination.
The coordinating conjunctions are also very important. Coordinating conjunctions are: for, and, nor, but,
or, yet and so.
Keep an eye on Adverbs like even, also, still, however, nevertheless, notwithstanding etc. Such adverbs
help link two or more sentences.
Use the pronouns to your advantage. Ideally a pronoun in one sentence should always point to a noun in
the sentence immediately preceding it.
General information always precedes specific information. That is the thumb rule. Information/idea that is
more universal should come first followed by information/idea that is less universal or more specific.
Information of an idea/entity comes first followed by general description. Tangible descriptions should
always take precedence over intangible descriptions. If you describe a mans personality, describe his
physical features and then move to his intangible aspects, same rule applying to other things.

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The conclusion as a rule, always comes at the end. Any sentence that follows a conclusion creates a break
in the flow of ideas, a feeling of this awkwardness should help you in finding the last sentence of the
paragraph.
Keep an eye on the chronology and the importance of events. An event of lesser significance comes later
but an event of greater significance always comes first.
Lastly never rush with your answers. Be patient. Mark the answer only after you have confidently evaluated
the other options.

5.

Establishing link between two sentences and then examining the options
Suppose you establish the link 'BA'. The given options are:
(a) DABC

(b) ACDB

(c) CBAD

(d) DBAC.

Now you are left with option (c) and (d) to examine. You read the sentences in the order given by these two options
and use your methods again to determine which one is correct.
Is establishing links between two sentences easy?

6.

Transition / Conclusion Words

Transition words make the shift from one idea to another very smooth. They organize and connect the sentences
logically. Observing the transition words found in a sentence can often give you a clue about the sentence that
will come before/after that particular sentence. Given below are some commonly used transition words:
also, as well as, besides, furthermore, in addition, moreover, similarly, consequently, hence, otherwise,
subsequently, therefore, thus, as a rule, generally, for instance, for example, above all, in other words, instead,
on one hand, on the other hand, similarly, yet, but, however, still, nevertheless, first of all, to begin with, at the
same time, for the time being, later on, meanwhile, next, then, soon, later, while, earlier, simultaneously, in
conclusion, with this in mind, after all, all in all to sum-up.
Example:
How does knowledge of transition words helps us in para jumbles?
A.

But in the industrial era destroying the enemy's productive capacity means bombing the factories which are
located in the cities.

B.

So in the agrarian era, if you need to destroy the enemy's productive capacity, what you want to do is bum
his fields, or if you're really vicious, salt them.

C.

Now in the information era, destroying the enemy's productive capacity means destroying the information
infrastructure.

D.

How do you do battle with your enemy?

E.

The idea is to destroy the enemy's productive capacity, and depending upon the economic foundation, that
productive capacity is different in each case.

F.

With regard to defence, the purpose of the military is to defend the nation and be prepared to do battle with
its enemy.

(a) FDEBAC

(b) FCABED

(c) DEBACF

(d) DFEBAC

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Solution:
Look at the transition word "but" in the first sentence. It signifies that the sentence is expressing an idea contrary
to an idea expressed in some previous sentence. Now we need to find that previous sentence. If we further look at the
beginning of the first sentence, it says "but in the industrial era..." which suggests that the contrariness is with
respect to eras.
Looking further, we see that sentence B and C are also starting with statement about eras. But the transition word at
the start of C is "now" which expresses present era and hence it cannot chronologically come before any other past
era. That is, if information era is the present era, talk about any other era will come before this. So sentence B is the
correct sentence to come before the first sentence.
Likewise, sentence C is the correct sentence to come after the first sentence (sentence C is continuing the idea).
Therefore, we have the link BAC.
We see that option (a), (c) and (d) all have the link BAC. Furthermore, all the three options have the link EBAC.
Therefore, we only need to arrange D and F. The sentence F states that "The purpose is...to battle with the enemy"
and D questions "how do you battle with the enemy?" Therefore, D will come after F.
Hence FDEBAC is the correct arrangement.

7.

Pronouns

If a sentence contains a pronoun without mentioning what it is referring to, the person, place or object must
have come in the previous sentence. Often, this is a good lead to identify a link.
Example: 1
A.

Passivity is not, of course, universal.

B.

In areas where there are no lords or laws, or in frontier zones where all men go armed, the attitude of the
peasantry may well be different.

C.

So indeed it may be on the fringe of the un-submissive.

D.

However, for most of the soil-bound peasants the problem is not whether to be normally passive or active,
but when to pass from one state to another.

E.

This depends on an assessment of the political situation.

(a) EDAC

(b) CDABE

(c) EDBAC

(d) ABCDE

Solution:
It cannot get easier than this. Look at the personal pronoun "it" in sentence C: So indeed it may be on the fringe of the
un-submissive. What is "it" here referring to? And it says that "it may be... un-submissive." What can be unsubmissive? It cannot be "political situation" (sentence E), "passivity" (sentence A), or "problem" (sentence D). Only
"attitude" (sentence B) can be un-submissive. Therefore, BC is a link.
The link BC is only present in option (d) and we need not look any further.
Example: 2
A.

Michael Hofman, a poet and translator, accepts this sorry fact without approval or complaint.

B.

But thanklessness and impossibility do not daunt him.

C.

He acknowledges too "in fact he returns to the point often that best translators of poetry always fail at
some level.

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D.

Hofman feels passionately about his work, and this is clear from his writings.

E.

In terms of the gap between worth and rewards, translators come somewhere near nurses and streetcleaners.

(a) EACDB

(b) ADEBC

(c).EACBD

(d) DCEAB

Solution:
Notice the demonstrative pronoun "this" in sentence A: Michael Hofman, a poet and translator, accepts this sorry
fact without approval or complaint. Also note that sentence A is introducing Michael Hofman (Michael Hofman, a
poet and translator,...) and will thereby come before every sentence containing the personal pronoun he or him.
So which sorry fact is sentence A referring to? It can only be the fact found in sentence E. Also, other sentences contain
"he" or "him".
Therefore, EA is a link. Link EA is contained in option (a), (c) and (d). But in (d), sentence D is coming before sentence
A, and this cannot happen because sentence A should be before any other sentence referring to Hofman as sentence A
is introducing Hofman. Therefore, we are left with options (a) and (c). The difference between options (a) and (c) is
the order of sentence D and B. Let's examine the link DB:
Option 1: Link DB- Hofman feels passionately about his work, and this is clear from his writings. But thanklessness
and impossibility do not daunt him.
Does this sound like a plausible flow? Certainly NOT. Therefore, link DB is incorrect and the correct answer is option 3.

9.

Acronym Approach - Full form vs. short form:

In para jumbles we encounter full and short names sometimes acronyms of some term or institution.
Ex-World Trade Organization - WTO
Dr. Manmohan Singh - Dr. Singh
Karl Marx - Marx
President George W. Bush - President Bush or the president
The rule is that if both full form as well as short form is present in different sentences, then the sentence
containing full form will come before the sentence containing short form.
Example:
A.

If you are used to having your stimulation come in from outside, your mind never develops its own habits of
thinking and reflecting

B.

Marx thought that religion was the opiate, because it soothed people's pain and suffering and prevented
them from rising in rebellion

C.

If Karl Marx was alive today, he would say that television is the opiate of the people.

D.

Television and similar entertainments are even more of an opiate because of their addictive tendencies.

(a) BACD

(b) ADBC

(c) BDCA

(d) CBDA

Solution:
Sentence B has Marx (short Form) and sentence C has Karl Marx (Full form). So C will come before B. Now look at the
options. In (a), (b) and (c), B is placed before C-hence rejected. (d) is the right answer.

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10. Time Sequence Approach (TSA)

Either dates or time sequence indicating words: Be aware of the time indication either by giving years - or by using
time indicating words. Arrange the sentences using their proper time sequence. Here are a few time sequence
indicating words before, after, later, when etc.
Example:
A. Then two astronomersthe German, Johannes Kepler, and the Italian, Galileo Galilei-started publicly to
support the Copernican theory, despite the fact that the orbits it predicted did not quite match the ones
observed.
B. His idea was that the sun was stationary at the centre and that the earth and the planets move in circular
orbits around the sun.
C. A simple model was proposed in 1514 by a Polish priest, Nicholas Copernicus.
D. Nearly a century passed before this idea was taken seriously.
(a) CDBA
(b) CBDA
(c) BCAD
(d) CADB
Solution:
Answer is (b)
The sentence C talks about the time event and other time events follow it in a chronological order. So option (b) is the
best choice.

11. Hypothesis or Theory Approach

If any sentence is working as an example - place it after the sentence for which it is working as an example, not
necessarily just after - because one has to explain the idea, it is hypothesis/ theory. It should not be before the idea
that it explains.
Example:
A.

The potential exchanges between the officials of IBBF and the Maharashtra Body-Building Association has
all the trappings of a drama we are accustomed to.
B. In the case of sports persons, there is room for some sympathy, but the apathy of the administrators, which
has even led to sanctions from international bodies, is unpardonable.
C. A case in the point is the hefty penalty of US $10,000 slapped on the Indian Body-Building Federation for not
fulfilling its commitment for holding the Asian Championships in Mumbai in October.
D. It is a matter of deep regret and concern that the sports administrators often cause more harm to the image
of the country than sportsmen and sportswomen do through their dismal performances.
(a) CABD
(b) DBCA
(c) DABC
(d) CDBA
Solution:
Here sentence C is an example of sentence D. So it will come after D. So now only option (b) and (c) remain. Now go by
ACRONYM Method discussed earlier. (IBBF in A and Indian Body-Building Federation in C) C will come before A.
So only option (b) remains, which is the right option.

12. Articles Approach

Articles can be divided into two categories:
a) Definite (the) and
b) Indefinite (a and an).

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When the author uses 'a / an' - he wants to make a general statement - wants to introduce the noun followed by a/an
for the first time but when he uses 'the' he wants to refer back to some previously discussed noun. It means having
'the' is very unlikely in the opening sentence. If 'a/an' and 'the' both are used for the same noun then the sentence
containing 'the' will come after the sentence containing a/an

13. Opening Closing (OCS) Approach

Let's see the characteristics of an opening sentence
It will introduce an idea in the first hand.
In most of the cases it will use indefinite article a/an. i.e. if both definite and indefinite articles are used for the same
noun then the sentence containing noun with indefinite article a/an will come first (may be opening sentence).
The sentence can stand alone
Directions for Q1 to Q5: Each question has a number of sentences which, when properly sequenced, form a coherent
paragraph. Each sentence is labeled with a letter. Choose the most logical order of sentences from among the given
choices to construct a coherent paragraph.
1.

A. Tigers have been known to eat up to 60 pounds (27 kilograms) of meat in one night, but more often they
consume about 12 pounds (5 kilograms) during a meal.
B. It may take days for a tiger to finish eating its kill. The cat eats until it's full, and then covers the carcass with
leaves and dirt.
C. When it's hungry again, the tiger comes back to feed some more, until the meat is gone.
(a) ABC
(b) BAC
(c) BCA
(d) None of these

2.

A. At first glance, a lower fertility rate would seem to have positive implications for an economy.
B. A countrys government would spend less on education costs; mothers would be able to return more quickly
and easily to the workforce, which would increase productivity; and families would have more expendable
income, which helps consumer spending.
C. But these short-term benefits are quickly outweighed by the more serious long-term consequences.
(a) ABC
(b) CAB
(c) ACB
(d) None of these

3.

A. In the late 1970s, satellite tracking came into use.

B. Scientists no longer had to be near the animal to pick up its signal; it could be tracked by computer.
C. Satellite tracking is similar to VHF radio tracking, but instead of a radio signal being sent to a radio receiver,
a signal is sent to a satellite.
(a) ABC
(b) ACB
(c) BCA
(d) CAB

4.

A. Portugals Salgados Lagoon, Praia Grande in the bay of Armao de Pra is where cormorants visit, and
where the purple gallinule and black-winged stilt live, both endangered in Portugal.
B. Rising sea levels and coastal erosion due to global warming may seriously affect the endangered wildlife and
flora.
C. These places need protecting, with planning to aid their protection needed for its future, along with other
wetland sites, as they all contribute to global ecological balance.
(a) BAC
(b) CBA
(c) ABC
(d) BCA

5.

A. Despite what engineers may say, modern cars arent that smart.
B. Cars that shift themselves will often hold the wrong gear, or shift up at the worst possible time, resulting in
a car that treats the gas pedal as a suggestion box -- which it then promptly ignores.
C. The automatic car is going to tell you what to do and not the other way round.
(a) ABC
(b) CAB
(c) BCA
(d) ACB

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Directions for Q6 to Q22: Choose the most logical order of sentences to construct a paragraph.
6.

P. As numerous enquiry panels have shown, an unwillingness to concentrate on critical issues and delays in
investigation often lead to the punishment for graft being merely some bad publicity.
Q. Indias miserable performance in athletics reflects the national tendency to lose steam after a good start.
R. This situation obtains in corruption investigations as well.
S. After the initial burst of enthusiasm and energy, we tend to peter out and the final result is usually dismal.
(a) QRSP
(b) QSRP
(c) SRPQ
(d) PQRS

7.

A. He is the faceless man who is nowhere and everywhere.

B. He will live on bread and water, sleep on the streets, move from house to house.
C. It is impossible for the political leaders of a tame western world that wages its wars by remote control to
understand the power of the marginal man, who has been deprived, stripped of his right and driven back to the wall.
D. This is a man who has lost everything, his home, his family, his country, even his personal history.
(a) CDAB
(b) DABC
(c) CABD
(d) CDBA

8.

A. One may disagree with some of his contentions, but one must give credence to his central point: that in the
post-Cold War world, the critical distinctions between people are not ideological or economic they are cultural.
B. Samuel P Huntington's book The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order is very topical these days.
C. Religious, ethnic and racial stands that constitute cultural identity are the central factors shaping associations
and antagonism.
D. Thus, cultural communities are replacing Cold War blocs and the fault lines between civilizations are
becoming the nerve-centers of conflicts in the world.
(a) BADC
(b) CBAD
(c) BACD
(d) DBAC

9.

A. Not too far from the bright lights of Mumbai, a silent scourge is killing thousands of young children.
B. Their ill-fed bodies, vulnerable to infection, most succumbed to ailments as minor as diarrhea.
C. Stalked by chronic hunger and disease, nearly 30,000 children below the age of six have died in the last year
alone in the state's rural belt.
D. It may be considered the country's dollar magnet and envied for its robust industrial base but this image of
Maharashtra cloaks a macabre reality.
(a) CBDA
(b) DACB
(c) BDCA
(d) CDBA

10. A.
B.
C.
D.

This is probably one of the reasons why the number of women and men remain roughly equal in most societies.
Fortunately or unfortunately, individual couples cannot really be concerned about this overall error.
Population growth then can be considered the error of this central process.
Purely at the human level, it appears that most couples like to have at least one living daughter and one living
son when they are in their middle ages.
(a) CBDA
(b) DACB
(c) DCBA
(d) CDAB

11. A. It was never denied and seemed to be integrated into the city life.
B. The poverty was there right in the open in all the streets.
C. But, somehow it did not depress me as much as I had feared.
D. Indian society is associated with great poverty, and indeed I saw a lot of poverty in Bombay.
(a) ADBC
(b) BCAD
(c) BCDA
(d) DCBA
12. A. I had heard that sort of thing before.
B. He said that his generation was the first to believe that it had no future.
C. A young American male earthling stopped by my house the other day to talk about some book of mine he had read.
D. He was the son of a Boston man who had died an alcoholic vagrant.
(a) CDBA
(b) ABCD
(c) CBAD
(d) ABDC
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13. A. This has been going on now for nearly 200 years.
B. They havent even been noticed much by central, state, or local governments, no matter how insolent or
blasphemous or treasonous those writers may be.
C. But writers of novels, plays, short stories or poems have never been hurt or hampered much.
D. Journalists and teachers are often bullied or fired in my country for saying this or that.
(a) DCBA

(b) ABCD

(c) BCDA

(d) DCAB

14. A. Their growing costs and a growing economy must be reckoned with realistically.
B. Central programs persist and in some cases grow.
C. As demand expands, programs expand.
D. It is extremely difficult to curtail them.
(a) CDAB

(b) BCDA

(c) DABC

(d) ACBD

15. A. When that evening I shook mine out, there was a small explosion.
B. At the very beginning of our journey we had detailed each member of the party for special duties.
C. Every evening we emptied our rucksacks in order to use them as foot bags against the cold.
D. Fetching water, lighting fires and making tea meant hard work.
(a) BACD

(b) ACDB

(c) DCAB

(d) BDCA

16. A. The country was in no way different from that through which we had been wandering for weeks.
B. We had always imagined this to be a regular highway that, once reached, would put an end to all the miseries
of our march.
C. After five days we reached the famous Tasam Road.
D. Imagine our disappointment when we could not find even the trace of a track.
(a) BCAD

(b) CBDA

(c) BDAC

(d) CABD

17. A. The World Health Organisation cites the wide differences in health between Western and Eastern Europe.
B. Between 1947 and 1964, both parts of Europe saw general health improve, with the arrival of cleaner water,
better sanitation and domestic refrigerators.
C. Since the mid 1960s, however, East European countries, notably Poland and Hungary, have seen mortality
rates rise and life expectancy fall.
D. The two areas have similar pattern of diseases: heart disease, senile dementia, arthritis and cancer are the
most common cause of sickness and death.
(a) DABC

(b) BCDA

(c) ABCD

(d) ADBC

18. A. The results, presented on Tuesday at the Alzheimers Society annual research conference in Manchester, have
been hailed as hugely promising because they involve medicines that are already known to be safe and
well-tolerated in people potentially cutting years from the timeline for drugs to reach patients.
B. Speaking ahead of her presentation, Giovanna Mallucci, professor of clinical neuroscience at the University of
Cambridge, said: Its really exciting. Theyre licensed drugs.
C. This means youd do a straightforward basic clinical trial on a small group of patients because these are not
new compounds, theyre known drugs.
D. Two licensed drugs have been shown to halt brain degeneration in mice, raising the prospect of a rapid
acceleration in the search for a medicine to beat Alzheimers disease.
(a) ACBD

(b) BDAC

(c) CDAB

(d) DABC

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19. A. The latest research suggests that the build-up of abnormal amyloid proteins seen in Alzheimers, Parkinsons
and CJD are simply a visible symptom of neuro-degeneration, but not the root cause.
B. Instead, Prof Mallucci argues, the damage really occurs when a natural defence mechanism in the brain
responds to the accumulation of plaques by switching off the production of all new proteins, wrecking the
brains ability to carry out essential repairs.
C. In mice with prion disease, a neurodegenerative disorder that scientists use as a model for dementia in mice,
both treatments were shown to restore protein production, stop brain cells from dying off and prevent
memory loss.
D. The drugs work by inhibiting an enzyme, called Perk that activates the defence mechanism.
(a) ABCD

(b) BACD

(c) DCBA

(d) CABD

20. A. This is because at 11pm on Tuesday night Greece failed to make a 1.6bn payment due to the International
Monetary Fund, one of the countrys creditors, thus becoming the first developed nation to go into arrears
with the fund.
B. The effective sovereign default has ratcheted up pressure on the ECB to further restrict the funding available
to banks, which have been swapping Greek government bonds for funding from the Frankfurt-based central
bank.
C. Greeces banks have been shut since 29 June, after Mr Tsipras surprise decision to hold a referendum
prompted the European Central Bank (ECB) to limit the emergency lending available.
D. The ECB decided to maintain the current funding limit.
(a) CABD
(b) BADC
(c) DCBA
(d) CBDA
21. A. "My opinion is that we need to invest for something to grow, whether that is a person, a company or a nation
like Greece," Feeney explained to i100.co.uk.
B. His reasoning: there are 503 million people in the EU. We would only need to chip in about 3 each (the same
price as a feta and olive salad) to raise the money.
C. With Greece's government and its European creditors hitting loggerheads over the impending deadline for its
debt repayments, one 29-year-old from Yorkshire has come up with a novel solution.
D. Thom Feeney, who says he is fed up of "dithering" politicians, has set up a crowd funding page on IndieGoGo
where he hopes to raise 1.6bn (1.14bn) to help bail out the country.
(a) ABCD
(b) CDBA
(c) ACBD
(d) DCBA
22. A. Sweden has tried to combat its low fertility rate by allowing women to have it alla career and a family life
more easily.
B. At least, so say some commenters on Marissa Mayers high-profile appointment as Yahoo CEO and her highprofile pregnancy.
C. The Swedish government subsidizes child care, allows for more flexible work schedules and provides
extensive parental leave.
D. In the U.S., some mothers feel like they have to make the choice between motherhood and their careers.
(a) DABC
(b) DBCA
(c) DBAC
(d) DCAB
23. P. The area under and the production of pulses remained almost static during the past three decades.
Q. But the performance of pulses production is dismal.
R. They are not only a cheap source of proteins for the majority of the population, but also maintain the nitrogen
fertility of the soil.
S. The importance of pulses in the human diet hardly needs any recognition.
(a) SRQP

(b) PQSR

(c) PRSQ

(d) PSRQ

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Directions for Q24 to Q29: Each question has a number of sentences which, when properly sequenced, form a
coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labeled with a letter. Choose the most logical order of sentences from among the
given choices to construct a coherent paragraph.
24.

A. Since then, intelligence tests have been mostly used to separate dull children in school from average or
bright children, so that special education can be provided to the dull.
B. In other words, intelligence tests give us a norm for each age.
C. Intelligence is expressed as intelligence quotient and tests are developed to indicate what an average child
of a certain age can do-what a 5-year-old can answer, but a 4-year-old cannot, for instance.
D. Binet developed the first set of such tests in the early 1900s to find out which children in school needed
special attention.
E. Intelligence can be measured by tests.
(a) CDABE

(b) DECAB

(c) EDACB

(d) CBADE

25.

A.
B.
C.
D.

26.

A. Whenever the market price is set above or below the equilibrium price, either a market surplus or a market
shortage will emerge.
B. Only at the equilibrium price will no further adjustments be required.
C. We can count on market participants to find this equilibrium.
D. To overcome a surplus or shortage, buyers and sellers will change their behaviour that is, the prices charged
or paid and the quantities demanded or sold.
E. The equilibrium price is the only price at which the amount consumers are willing to buy equals the amount
producers are willing to sell.
(a) ACBDE
(b) ADBEC
(c) DCBEA
(d) CBADE

27.

A. When I speak of intelligence, I include two things.

B. There is one great defect in traditional morality.
C. The other is receptivity to knowledge.
D. One is actual knowledge.
E. It puts low store by intelligence.
(a) BEADC
(b) CDAEB
(c) AEBCD

28.

To be culturally literate is to possess the basic information needed to thrive in the modern world.
Nor is it confined to one social class; quite the contrary.
It is by no means confined to culture narrowly understood as an acquaintance with the arts.
Cultural literacy constitutes the only sure avenue of opportunity for disadvantaged children, the only
reliable way of combating the social determinism that now condemns them.
E. The breadth of that information is great, extending over the major domains of human activity from sports to
science.
(a) AECBD
(b) DECBA
(c) ACBED
(d) DBCAE

(d) EBCDA

A. I wanted to be taken seriously.

B. Not about the teaching material, because I was well prepared and I was teaching what I enjoyed.
C. The first time I taught a writing class in graduate school, I was worried.
D. I really wanted to wear my shiny lip gloss and my girly skirt, but I decided not to.
E. Instead I was worried about what to wear.
F. And I was worried that if I looked too feminine, I would not be taken seriously.
(a) ABDCEF
(b) CBFDAE
(c) CBEADF
(d) ABCFED

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29.

A. Although there are large regional variations, it is not infrequent to find a large number of people sitting here
and there and doing nothing.
B. Once in office, they receive friends and relatives who feel free to call any time without prior appointment.
C. While working, one is struck by the slow and clumsy actions and reactions, indifferent attitudes, procedure
rather than outcome orientation, and the lack of consideration for others.
D. Even those who are employed often come late to the office and leave early unless they are forced to be
punctual.
E. Work is not intrinsically valued in India.
F. Quite often people visit ailing friends and relatives or go out of their way to help them in their personal
matters even during office hours.
(a) ECADBF

(b) EADCFB

(c) EADBFC

(d) ABFCBE

(e) None of these

Directions for Q30 to Q41: Sentences given in each question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph.
The first and last sentences are 1 and 6, and the four in between are labeled A, B, C and D. Choose the most logical order
of these four sentences from among the five given choices to construct a coherent paragraph from sentences 1 to 6.
30.

1. Indias experience of industrialization is characteristic of the difficulties faced by a newlyindependent

developing country.
A. In 1947 India was undoubtedly as underdeveloped country with one of the lowest per capita incomes in the
world.
B. Indian industrialization was the result of a conscious deliberate policy of growth by an indigenous political
elite.
C. Today India ranks fifth in the international community of nations if measured in terms of purchasing power.
D. Even today, however, the benefits of Indian industrialization since independence have not reached the
masses.
6. In India has been a limited success; one more example of growth without development.
(a) CDAB

31.

(b) DCBA

(c) CABD

(d) BACD

1. The death of cinema has been predicted annually.

A.
B.
C.
D.
6.

It hasnt happened.
It was said that the television would kill it off-and indeed audiences plummeted, reaching a low in 1984.
Film has enjoyed a renaissance, and audiences are nor roughly double of what they were a decade ago.
Then the home computer became the projected nemesis followed by satellite television.
Why? probably because even in the most atomized of societies, we human beings feel the need to share out
fantasies and our excitement.
(a) CADB
(b) BDAC
(c) ABDC
(d) DABC
32.

1. The wind had savage allies.

A. If it had not been for my closely fitted helmet, the explosions might have shattered my eardrums.
B. The first clap of thunder came as a deafening explosion that literally shook my teeth.
C. I did not hear the thunder I actually felt it an almost unbearable physical experience.
D. I saw lightning all around me in every shape imaginable.
6. It was raining so torrentially that I thought I would drown in mid air.
(a) BCAD

(b) CADB

(c) CBDA

(d) ACDB

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33.

1. But the vessel kept going away.

A. He looked anxiously around.
B. There was nothing to see but the water and empty sky.
C. He could now barely see her funnel and masts when heaved up on a high wave.
D. He did not know for what.
6. A breaking wave slapped him in the face choking him.
(a) DBCA
(b) ACDB
(c) CADB
(d) ABCD

34.

1. Managers need to differentiate among those who commit an error once, those who are repetitively errant
but can be corrected, and those who are basically wicked.
A. The persons in this category will resort to sweet-talk and make all sorts of promises on being caught, but, at
the first opportunity will revert to their bad ways.
B. Managers must take ruthless action against the basically wicked and ensure their separation from the
organization at the earliest.
C. The first category needs to be corrected softly and duly counseled; the second category should be dealt with
firmly and duly counseled till they realize the danger of persisting with their errant behavior.
D. It is the last category of whom the managers must be most wary.
6. The punishment must be fair and based on the philosophy of giving all the possible opportunities and help
prior to taking ruthless action.
(a) ADCB
(b) CDAB
(c) CADB
(d) BDAC

35.

1. The smaller mobile phones get; the more functions they seem to acquire.
A. Beginning early next year, TU Media, a consortium of SK Telecom and other Korean companies, will be
beaming television programmes via satellite to special Digital Multimedia Broadcasting phones.
B. The phones, made by Samsung, have 5.5 centimetre screens and cost $700.
C. Now a South Korean firm is rolling out mobiles that double as televisionsand high-definition ones, at that.
D. Based on early tests, executives at TU Media think that the new service will improve on SKs existing
cellular-based television phone service, which has 3 million subscribers but is often interrupted due to poor
transmission.
6. The biggest problem, though, is coming up with programming.
(a) BDAC
(b) BADC
(c) CABD
(d) CBAD
(e) CADB

36.

1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
6.

37.

1. The great Rodin lay old and infirm, on a sick bed outside Paris.
A. He muttered that he wanted to see his wife.
B. She is right beside you, they said: Rose Beuret, his faithful mistress and house keeper for 50 years.
C. Not her, the other one.
D. No, no, he said fretfully.
6. The other one- Camilte Claudel, was at that moment 400 miles away in a madhouse near Avignon.
(a) ABDC
(b) BADC
(c) DCBA
(d) CBAD

After 4 years, I finally visited my paternal grandfathers village a couple of months back.
Gone are the joint families, gone are the daily meal times with 20+ people eating.
And gone are the traditional methods of farming, of growing what is needed but growing what is sold.
The village is definitely not like how I remember it from my youth.
Gone are most of the fields of vegetables and paddy, with sugarcane being the only crop seen for miles around!
Why sugarcane?
Because were living in the sugar climate and thats what is EASY to sell.
(a) ABDC
(b) BADC
(c) CABD
(d) CADB

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38. 1. Time-tested remedies for physical and mental well being are back with a bang.
A. Contrary to this, science has been taking quantum leaps in all areas.
B. And the most virulent among these is stress.
C. Alternate therapies, music healing, classical dance as fitness exercise, meditation, yoga have been culled out
of ancient texts, prescribed and presented as palliatives to a plethora of problems.
D. Still somewhere down the lane, human beings are not able to come to grip with mind boggling illnesses that
can virtually eat up a man.
6. Unable to cope with this stress which is a direct fall-out of strenuous, nerve edge lifestyles, man is falling a
prey to several unknown symptomatic illnesses.
(a) ADCB

(b) BCAD

(c) CDAB

(d) CADB

39. 1. Summer was synonymous to holidays, those days.

A. Today summer is a preparation period.
B. A few lucky ones in professions like teaching, accompanied them for their liberal dose of holidays.
C. Even others spent a good bit of time with their children in sightseeing and travelling.
D. Children were packed to relatives houses for extended stays.
6. When education and career are conceived as warfare, summer is a probation period to practice.
(a) DBCA

(b) DBAC

(c) CBDA

(d) BCDA

40. 1. In the sciences, even questionable examples of research fraud are harshly punished.
A. But no such mechanism exists in the humanities-much of what humanities researchers call, research does not
lead to results that are replicable by other scholars.
B. Given the importance of interpretation in historical and literary scholarship, humanities researchers are in a
position where they can explain away deliberate and even systematic distortion.
C. Mere suspicion is enough for funding to be cut off; publicity guarantees that careers can be effectively ended.
D. Forgeries that take form of pastiches in which the forger intersperses fake and real parts can be defended as
mere mistakes or aberrant misreading.
6. Scientists fudging data have no such defences.
(a) BDCA

(b) ABDC

(c) CABD

(d) CDBA

41. 1. A camera is a device that directs an image focused by a lens or other optical system onto a photosensitive
surface in a light-tight enclosure.
A. In simple cameras the lens is generally of the fixed-focus variety.
B. More complicated cameras have a system to achieve good focus that is manually or automatically actuated in
order to vary the lens-to-focal-plane distance.
C. In this very basic sense, these components perform the same function today that they did when photography
was invented nearly 150 years ago.
D. No provision is made in them to focus on objects at varying distances from the camera.
6. The focal plane is the point behind the lens where the image comes into focus.
(a) CBDA

(b) ABCD

(c) CADB

(d) DCBA

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Directions for Q42 to Q50: In the following questions, there are six sentences marked 1, 6, P, Q, R, S. The positions of
1 and 6 are fixed. Arrange the other four sentences to make a coherent paragraph.
42. 1: We do not know whether the machines are the masters or we are.
P: They must be given or rather fed' with coal and given petrol to drink from time to time.
Q: Already man spends most of his time looking after and waiting upon them.
R: Yet he has grown to be dependent on them that they have almost become the masters now.
S: It is very true that they were made for the sole purpose of being man's servants.
6: And if they don't get their meals when they expect them, they will just refuse to work.
(a) RSQP
(b) RSPQ
(c) SPQR
(d) SRQP
43. 1: A farmer was taking the grist to the mill in sacks.
P: It was too heavy for him to lift.
Q: On the way the horse stumbled, and one of the sacks fell to the ground.
R: Presently he saw a rider coming towards him.
S: He stood waiting till he found some body to help him.
6: But the farmer saw that he was none other than the nobleman.
(a) QPRS
(b) PRQS
(c) PSQR

(d) QPSR

44. 1: He could not rise.

P: All at once, in the distance, he heard an elephant trumpet.
Q: He tried again with all his might, but to no use.
R: The next moment he was on his feet.
S: He stepped into the river.
6: It was colder than usual.
(a) QPRS
(b) PQSR
(c) QPSR
45.

46.

47.

(d) PRQS

1. It depends upon the

P. a new heaven on earth or to destroy
Q. user, whether science will be used to create
R. the word in a
S. outlook and mentality of the
6. common conflagration.
(a) PQRS
(b) SPQR

(c) QPRS

(d) SQPR

1. The power and pride

P. for in the courage
Q. of Sparta was above all
R. discipline and skill of these troops
S. in its army,
6. it found its security and its ideal.
(a) SPRQ
(b) PQRS

(c) QSPR

(d) PRQS

1. The club is an
P. nearby municipal school, for the children
Q. proper and healthy functioning of a
R. are constantly disturbed by its
S. intolerable nuisance to the
6. bizarre activities.
(a) QSRP
(b) SQPR

(c) PQRS

(d) RPSQ

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48.

49.

50.

1. What the country needs

P. and change tactics
Q. who would encourage players
R. are coaches and officials
S. to read the game as it progresses
6. accordingly.
(a) RQPS
(b) SPRQ

(c) QSPR

(d) RQSP

1. It is the
P. the careful observer
Q. apparently trivial phenomena
R. which gives even the
S. intelligent eye of
6. their value.
(a) SPRQ
(b) PQRS

(c) QSPR

(d) PRQS

1. It may be
P. of comparatively little consequence
Q. whilst everything depends upon
R. how a man is governed from outside
S. how he governs
6. himself from within.
(a) SPRQ
(b) QSPR

(c) PRQS

(d) RQPS

Directions for Q51 to Q55: Rearrange the following sentences in proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph
and answer the questions given below.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.

Feeling happy was powerfully connected with seeing life as easy, pleasing, and free from difficult or troubling events.
However, the two measures were not identical suggesting that what makes us happy may not always bring
more meaning, and vice versa.
Feeling good most of the time might help us feel happier, but it doesnt essentially bring a sense of purpose to
our lives.
As one might expect, peoples happiness levels were positively connected with whether they saw their lives as
meaningful.
Happiness was also associated with being in good health and generally feeling well most of the time.
To probe for differences between the two, the researchers examined the survey items that asked detailed
questions about peoples feelings and moods, their relationships with others, and their day-to-day activities.

51. Which of the following will be the THIRD sentence after rearrangement?
(a) B
(b) F
(c) E

(d) A

52. Which of the following will be the SECOND sentence after rearrangement?
(a) C
(b) A
(c) F

(d) B

53. Which of the following will be the FOURTH sentence after rearrangement?
(a) D
(b) C
(c) F

(d) A

54. Which of the following will be the FIRST sentence after rearrangement?
(a) D
(b) F
(c) E

(d) B

55. Which of the following will be the SIXTH (LAST) sentence after rearrangement?
(a) A
(b) C
(c) E
(d) D
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Directions for Q56 to Q60: Rearrange the following sentences in proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph
and answer the questions given below.
A.

Any environmental damage must be punishable by law, and polluters should pay compensation for the damage
caused to the environment.

B.

Human health, ecosystem quality and aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity may be affected and altered
permanently by pollution.

C.

The identification of these different pollutants and their effects on ecosystems is complex.

D.

Pollution is the degradation of natural environment by external substances introduced directly or indirectly.

E.

They can come from natural disasters or the result of human activity, such as oil spills, chemical spills, nuclear
accidents.

56. Which of the following will be the SECOND sentence after rearrangement?
(a) C

(b) A

(c) D

(d) B

57. Which of the following will be the THIRD sentence after rearrangement?
(a) D

(b) C

(c) B

(d) E

58. Which of the following will be the FOURTH sentence after rearrangement?
(a) E

(b) D

(c) B

(d) A

59. Which of the following will be the FIRST sentence after rearrangement?
(a) A

(b) C

(c) D

(d) B

60. Which of the following will be the FIFTH (Last) sentence after rearrangement?
(a) C

(b) E

(c) A

(d) B

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