SEAFDEC Practicum Report
SEAFDEC Practicum Report
SEAFDEC Practicum Report
AQUACULTURE DEPARTMENT
BINANGONAN FRESHWATER STATION
Tapao Point, Brgy. Pipindan, Binangonan, Rizal
SAMUEL C. BRILLO
BS Biology, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila College of Science
Trainee, SEAFDEC/AQD BFS Genetics Section
INTRODUCTION
The Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC) is an independent organization well
established in 1967. Member countries consist of the following: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia,
Japan, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. The Center operates
through the Secretariat located in Thailand and has four Technical Departments, specifically: the Training
Department (TD); the Marine Fisheries Research Department (MFRD); the Aquaculture Department (AQD);
the Marine Fishery Resources Development and Management Department (MFRDMD); and the Inland
Fishery Resources Development and Management Department (IFRDMD).
Aquaculture Department (AQD) was established in the Philippines in 1973 which has been carrying
out research, technology verification, training and information dissemination on a wide range of aquaculture
disciplines, including broodstock administration and seed quality development, promotion of responsible,
accountable and environment-friendly aquaculture, diagnosis and control of aquatic diseases, aquaculture
for stock enrichment, and culture of aquatic species under global concerns. The aquaculture commodities
covered by AQD include fishes, shrimps, mud crab, mollusks, and seaweeds. In addition, AQD also promotes
good aquaculture practices and effective management of aquatic resources to support rural growth and
alleviate poverty.
OBJECTIVES
To be able to work with inner peace and harmony despite of environmental stresses.
To be able to apply the skills learned in academic subjects under BS Biology program to the
workplace.
To be able to exercise well companionship between the staffs, officers and workmates station.
To be able to gain fruitful ideas, prolific knowledge and practical skills in the field of aquaculture.
To absorb and apply the different professional values and virtues with competence under different
working status.
To be able to cope and adapt to the daily changes and struggles throughout the training.
To determine the breeding capacity of Isabela strain giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium
rosenbergii and develop breeding strategies to achieve economic, marketable quality and
sustainable aquaculture.
To monitor and control the water quality (temperature, salinity, pH and ammonia levels) of ulang
larvae and breeders tanks to maintain its normal environment.
To improve tilapia quality by breeding female CLSU strain and male SEAFDEC strain and analyze
possible pros and cons of the expecting offsprings.
To utilize different foods available for growing ulang larvae and observe its development.
To determine the ideal salinity level for fast molting of mud crabs Scylla serrata to achieve its fast
marketable growth in short time.
To understand the biology of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Oreochromis niloticus L. and Scylla serrata
and gain insights in researching these species.
To utilize different techniques in culturing algae to sustain the needed requirements in feeding larval
and juvenile fishes and other processes.
WORK METHODOLOGY
The following are the work methodologies done during the training under genetics department.
These approaches are essential and important in achieving the outcomes of the research or activity.
NATURE OF WORK
1) Monitoring water
quality of freshwater
prawn (Macrobrachium
rosenbergii) larvae and
broodstock tanks
MATERIALS
-
pH and temperature
meter
Master Refractometer
(Salinity)
Ammonia test kit
Test tubes
Test tube brush
Dishwashing liquid
Data record book
Distilled water
Cleaning towel
Ballpen
METHODS
A.
Measuring Temperature
IMPORTANCE
It is important to monitor
the water quality of
larvae and broodstock
tanks to (1) ensure the
natural environment
needed for the prawns to
grow, breed, hatch and
develop (2) to prevent
death of prawns.
Temperature and pH is
important in both larvae
and broodstocks. Higher
temperature (eg, in
summer) the larvae tend
to grow faster and the
eggs are rapid to hatch.
Normal temperature
range from 25 to 29
degrees (larvae) and 27
to 34 (broodstocks).
Normal pH range from 7
to 8 (larvae and
broodstocks).
The desired salinity for
the larvae to grow and
develop is 12. Salinity
levels higher than 14-15
is not tolerable and must
be immediately changed
back to normal.
Too much ammonia in
larvae and broodstock
tanks is toxic to the
prawns so it must be
monitored. Desired
ammonia levels are
between 0 to 0.25.
PH and ammonia is
measured every Tuesday
and Thursday.
Temperature and salinity
is measured every day.
-Analytical balance
-Feed pellets
-Feed containers
Sampling is important to
know their body
measurement. It will be
also the basis in
calculating the specific
feeding rate per day.
For the berried females
(pregnant), it is
separated from the
broodstocks, and then
transferred to individual
tanks where they will
hatch their eggs and wait
for the larvae to spawn.
-Counter
-Small basin with larvae
-50 ml beaker
-Count glass
-Aerator
-Larval rearing record book
-Ballpen
-Labeling tape
-Marker
-Scissors
-Artemia cysts
-Artemia tank
-Water
-Collect 25 ml of cysts.
-50 ml Beaker
-Aerator
7) Cleaning of larvae
tanks
-Siphon
-Basin
-Cup
8) Autoclaving glasswares,
reagents and materials
A. Autoclaving glassware
-Newspapers
-Aluminum foils
-Cleaning towel
ppt respectively.
Monitoring salinity is very
important because it is
the main factor in
considering the molting
process of the mud
crabs.
Temperature, pH and
salinity are measured
every day.
Ammonia is measured
when needed.
It is important to feed
the crabs in order for
them to live.
-Algae culture
A. Observation of algae
-Microscope
-Glass slides
-Cover slips
-Pipette or dropper
In studying algae, it is
important to know and
familiarize their defining
morphological
characteristics. One way
to observe them is to
look these algae under
the microscope.
A.
Preparing water
-Filter cloth
(FIGURE 16)
-Reagents
Sodium chloride
(NaCl)
Magnesium sulfate
(MgSO47H2O)
Magnesium chloride
(MgCl26H2O)
Calcium chloride
(CaCl2H2O)
Potassium chloride
(KCl)
Sodium bicarbonate
(NaHCO3)
Potassium bromide
(KBr)
B. Weighing reagents
-Each reagent has a specific
amount required to make
artificial seawater. Refer to
the formulation.
-Prepare the analytical
balance.
-Place the basin to the
balance and tare.
-Put amounts of reagent
until the required
measurement is sufficed.
-Repeat the process for all
the reagents. Make sure
they are separated to each
basin to prevent
unnecessary chemical
reactions.
C. Mixing of reagents
-Usually, all the reagents are
in powder/flakes/salt form.
Before transferring them to
the water source, dissolve
the chemicals in water.
-After the chemicals were
dissolved, you can now
transfer the reagents to the
water source. DONT
DIRECTLY PUT THE
CHEMICALS IN WATER. Use
a filter cloth to sift
unnecessary objects and dirt
than can damage the quality
of the artificial seawater.
-Aerate the water source
after transferring all the
reagents. (FIGURE 17)
13) Culturing algae
A. Subculturing algae
-Alcohol lamp
-Lighter
-Pipettes
-Aspirator
Microalgae are an
important food source
and feed additive in the
commercial rearing of
many aquatic animals,
especially the larvae and
spat of bivalve molluscs,
penaeid prawn larvae
and live food organisms
such as rotifers. The
-Gloves
-Lab gown
-BRSP media/AES media
-Fertilizer
-Label sticker
importance of algae in
aquaculture is not
surprising as algae are
the natural food source
of these animals.
Although several
alternatives for algae
exist such as yeasts and
microencapsulated
feeds, live algae are still
the best and the
preferred food source.
B. Scaling-up algae
-Scaling-up is a process
where a starting inoculum
will be transferred into a
large volume of media and
letting the culture grow in
time.
-To scale-up, get the starting
inoculum contained in test
tubes.
Scaling-up of culture is
done according to
demand. Before scalingup, starter cultures are
monitored to check for
contamination and to
select the quality of seed
for the next batch of
cultures. (FIGURE 18)
-BRSP reagents
In culturing algae, it is
important to have a
culture media reagent
for them to grow. BRSP
media is formulated and
-AES reagents
-Individual pipettes for
individual reagents, sterilized
-1L beaker or flask, sterilized
-Magnetic stirrer or sterilized
stirring rod
-Distilled water
-Aluminum foil
-Autoclave
-Conwy media
REPORT OF WORK
The figure below is the timetable of work done throughout the practicum. To complete the
160-hour requirement, each day has 8 working hours which is expected to complete in 4 weeks.
FIRST WEEK (April 11-15)
4/11
MONDAY
Orientation with
Mrs. MH Stinson
Assignment of
duties
Introduction to
Tilapia and
Freshwater
Prawn Genetics
and Phycology
laboratory
Culturing algae:
Chlorella sp.
Monitoring
temperature and
salinity of
Macrobrachium
larvae tanks
Cleaning of
pipettes
Sterilization of
glasswares
4/12
TUESDAY
Monitoring
temperature,
salinity, pH and
ammonia of
Macrobrachium
larvae tanks
Cleaning of
Macrobrachium
larvae tanks
Weighing ulang
breeders feeds
according to
feeding rate per
day/second
sampling
Ayungin algae
feeding
Monitoring algae
cultures
4/13
WEDNESDAY
Feeding Artemia
to larvae and
post larvae
Macrobrachium
Monitoring
temperature and
salinity of
Macrobrachium
larvae tanks
Counting newly
spawned
Macrobrachium
larvae, 2nd
sampling, Tank
9. EC: 12,680.
Weighing Tilapia
feeds
Culturing
Nannochlorum
sp.
Separating pulp,
4/14
THURSDAY
Monitoring
temperature,
salinity, pH and
ammonia of
Macrobrachium
larvae tanks
Counting newly
spawned
Macrobrachium
larvae, 3rd
sampling, Tank
9. EC: 17,620.
Preparing
artificial
saltwater
Preparing BRSP
media
Weighing Mac.
Feeds
Feeding Mac.
Breeders
4/15
FRIDAY
Monitoring
temperature and
salinity of
Macrobrachium
larvae tanks
Weighing Mac.
Feeds
Counting newly
spawned
Macrobrachium
larvae. 4th
sampling, Tank
9. EC: 20,140.
Subculturing
Chlorella sp.
Autoclaving
flasks
Labeling fish
organ samples
Monitoring algae
cultures
Introduction to
biofloctechnology
Distributing
bioflocs to setups
Measuring
bioflocs using
imhoff tubes
Feeding ayungin
larvae with
filtered algae
Monitoring
temperature of
Mac. breeder
tanks
Monitoring algae
cultures
4/18
MONDAY
Monitoring
temperature
and salinity of
Macrobrachium
larvae tanks
Weighing Mac.
Feeds
Making artificial
seawater
Counting newly
spawned
Macrobrachium
larvae. 5th
sampling, Tank
9. EC: 31,780.
Sampling of
female prawns
(total length and
weight) after
giving birth to
offsprings
Weighing Mac.
And tilapia
feeds
Feeding Mac.
breeders
Monitoring
temperature of
Mac. breeder
tanks
Monitoring
algae cultures
4/19
TUESDAY
Monitoring
temperature
and salinity of
Macrobrachium
larvae tanks
Weighing Mac.
Feeds
Weighing Mac.
And tilapia
feeds
Feeding Mac.
breeders
Monitoring
temperature of
Mac. breeder
tanks
Monitoring
algae cultures
4/20
WEDNESDAY
Monitoring
temperature
and salinity of
Macrobrachium
larvae tanks
Weighing Mac.
Feeds
Separating live
and
dead
ayungin fishes
Counting
of
tilapia
(Oreochromis
niloticus) eggs
Counting newly
spawned
Macrobrachium
larvae.
6th
sampling, Tank
4. EC: 21,980.
Measuring size
of tilapia ova
Making
AES
medium
for
algae culture,
Microcystis sp.
Autoclaving
glasswares
Sampling
of
female prawns
(total length and
weight)
after
giving birth to
offsprings
Feeding
and
monitoring
of
Macrobrachium
breeders
4/21
THURSDAY
Culturing
algae,
Chroococcus
sp.
Monitoring
temperature,
salinity,
pH
and ammonia
levels
of
Macrobrachiu
m larvae and
breeder tanks
Counting
ayungin
Leiopotherapo
n
plumbeus
larvae
Counting
of
newly
spawned
Macrobrachiu
m larvae. 7th
sampling. EC:
28,800.
Feeding
of
Tilapia
and
Macrobrachiu
m breeders
Monitoring
algae cultures
4/22
FRIDAY
Culturing
Chlorella and
Nannochlorum
sp.
Monitoring
temperature
and salinity of
Macrobrachiu
m larvae and
breeder tanks
Feeding
Tilapia and
Macrobrachiu
m breeders
Monitoring
algae cultures
Counting of
newly
spawned
Macrobrachiu
m larvae. 8th
sampling. EC:
22,660.
Feeding
of
tilapia
(O.
niloticus)
Monitoring
algae cultures
4/25
MONDAY
Making artificial
seawater, 40 ppt.
Monitoring
temperature and
salinity of
Macrobrachium
larvae and
breeder tanks
Weighing feeds
for tilapia and
ulang
Counting newly
spawned
Macrobrachium
larvae. 9th
sampling, Tank
6. EC: 18,720.
10th sampling,
Tank 10. EC:
16,080. 11th
sampling, Tank
11. EC: 11,340.
12th sampling,
Tank 3. EC:
13,830. 13th
sampling, Tank
4. EC: 11,610.
Monitoring algae
cultures
Making AES
media for
Microcystis sp.
4/26
TUESDAY
Monitoring
temperature,
salinity, pH and
ammonia of
Macrobrachium
larvae and
breeder tanks
Weighing tilapia
and ulang feeds
Feeding tilapia
and ulang
breeders
Making artificial
seawater, 30 ppt.
Restoring algae
culture,
Microcystis sp.
Observing algae
Spirulina,
Microcystis and
Chroococcus
under
microscope.
Monitoring algae
cultures
4/27
WEDNESDAY
Monitoring
temperature and
salinity of
Macrobrachium
larvae and
breeder tanks
Counting newly
spawned
Macrobrachium
larvae. 14th
sampling, Tank
2. EC: 11,440.
15th sampling,
Tank ?. EC:
8,440.
Making artificial
seawater, 12 ppt
and 24 ppt.
Autoclaving
glasswares
Restoring algae
culture, Navicula
sp.
Making BRSP
media
Feeding tilapia
and ulang
breeders
Weighing tilapia
and ulang feeds
Monitoring algae
cultures
4/28
THURSDAY
Monitoring
temperature,
salinity, pH and
ammonia of
Macrobrachium
larvae and
breeder tanks
Counting newly
spawned
Macrobrachium
larvae. 16th
sampling, Tank ?.
EC: 39,030.
Weighing tilapia
and ulang feeds
Feeding tilapia
and ulang
breeders
Introduction to
mud crab (Scylla
serrata)
experiment,
effect of different
levels of salinity
in their molting.
Separating mud
crabs into tanks
according to their
size
4/29
FRIDAY
Monitoring
temperature and
salinity of
Macrobrachium
larvae and
breeder tanks
Making artificial
seawater, 30 ppt.
Feeding tilapia
and ulang
breeders
Weighing tilapia
and ulang feeds
Scaling-up
Chlorella sp.
Monitoring algae
cultures
4/25
MONDAY
Monitoring
temperature and
salinity of
4/26
TUESDAY
Monitoring
temperature,
salinity, pH and
4/27
WEDNESDAY
Monitoring
temperature and
salinity of
4/28
THURSDAY
Monitoring
temperature,
salinity, pH and
4/29
FRIDAY
Monitoring
temperature,
salinity, pH and
Macrobrachium
larvae and
breeder tanks
Monitoring
temperature, pH
and salinity of
mud crabs Scylla
serrata tanks
Observing
sampling of mud
crabs
Feeding tilapia
and ulang
breeders
Weighing tilapia
and ulang feeds
Lecture with Ms.
Joy about mud
crab salinity and
molting
experiment
Monitoring algae
cultures
ammonia of
Macrobrachium
larvae and
breeder tanks
Last female
Macrobrachium
sampling
Transferring
female
Macrobrachium
into breeder
tanks
Monitoring
temperature, pH
and salinity of
mud crabs Scylla
serrata tanks
Measuring
amount of
ammonia in mud
crab tanks
Feeding mud
crabs, tilapia and
ulang
Weighing tilapia
and ulang feeds
Encoding data
Monitoring algae
cultures
Macrobrachium
larvae and
breeder tanks
Monitoring
temperature, pH
and salinity of
mud crabs Scylla
serrata tanks
Encoding data
Feeding mud
crabs, tilapia and
ulang
Weighing tilapia
and ulang feeds
ammonia of
Macrobrachium
larvae and
breeder tanks
Monitoring
temperature, pH
and salinity of
mud crabs Scylla
serrata tanks
Encoding data
Feeding mud
crabs, tilapia and
ulang
Weighing tilapia
and ulang feeds
ammonia of
Macrobrachium
larvae and
breeder tanks
Monitoring
temperature, pH
and salinity of
mud crabs Scylla
serrata tanks
Encoding data
Feeding mud
crabs, tilapia and
ulang
Weighing tilapia and
ulang feeds
LIST OF FIGURES
APPENDICES
Figure 1. Data sheet for monitoring water quality of larval rearing tanks.
Tank No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Salinity
D.O.
Temperature
Salinity
D.O.
Temperature
pH
NH3
D.O.
Temperature
D.O.
Temperature
pH
NH3
Figure 3. Data sheet for monitoring water quality of mud crab tanks.
Tank No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Salinity
pH
Temperature
Salinity
pH
Temperature