Anatomy - Scalp PDF
Anatomy - Scalp PDF
Anatomy - Scalp PDF
Section D
SGD 1: SCALP & SKULL
1. Discuss the layers of the scalp including the clinical significance of each layer.
a. Skin
o The first layer and it is the outer most protecting of the skull.
o It contains sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles.
o It has an abundant arterial supply, good lymphatic and venous drainage.
b. Connective Tissue
o It is the fibrous septa that connects the skin to the aponeurosis of the
occipitofrontalis muscle
o Dense and well vascularized with numberous arteries and veins.
o Arteries are branches of the external and internal carotid arteries.
c. Aponeurosis ( Epicranial / Galea Aponeurotica)
o Thin and tendinous sheet that connects occipital and frontal bellies of the
occipitofrontalis muscle; its lateral area connects to the temporal fascia; its
muscles are innervated by the facial nerve
d. Loose areolar tissue
o It is found under the subaponeurotic space
o It loosely connects the epicranial aponeurosis to the pericranium
o It has spaces that may distend with fluid as result of injury / infection.
o Allows the free movement of the first three layers.
e. Pericranium / Periosteum
o Dense layer of connective tissue forms the external periosteum of the
neurocranium
o At the suture of the skull, the outer periosteum connects with the inner
periosteum
2. Illustrate the neurovascular supply and venous drainage of the scalp
5. Define the bony landmarks that demarcate the three cranial fossae and its contents
A. Anterior Cranial Fossa
Boundaries:
Anterior: inner surface of frontal bone
Posterior: Lesser wing of sphenoid
Contents:
Anterior Clinoid Process- attachment for tentorium cerebelli
Medial floor: Cribriform plate of ethmoid
Crista Galli- attachment or falx cerebri
Small perforations for Olfactory Nerves
B. Middle Cranial Fossa
Boundaries:
Anterior: Lesser Wings of Sphenoid
Posterior: Superior boundaries of petrous parts of temporal lobe
Contents:
Optic Canal- in lesser wing of sphenoid
Superior Orbital Fissure- between lesser and greater wings of sphenoid
Foramen Rotundun- in greater wing of sphenoid
Foramen Ovale- in greater wing of sphenoid
Foramen Spinosum- in greater wing of sphenoid
Foramen Lacerum- between petrous and sphenoid