Mining - Definitions
Mining - Definitions
Mining - Definitions
Haul
Road
Dumping
Area
Bench
Height
Bench
Width
Stripping Ratio
Overburden
Ore
The unit amount of overburden that must be removed to gain access to a similar unit
amount of coal or mineral material.
Volumes
Undisturbed material in the
ground, before excavation.
Density
Density = Weight / Volume
Density is expressed in kg/m3 or Tons / m3
Swell Factor
Swell Factor = Loose Volume / Bank Volume
When soil or rock material is loaded into a truck, the volume increases
due to expansion of the material.
Typical
Densities
(Tests must be carried out to
determine exact material
characteristics)
Loading Equipment
Hauling Equipment
Grading Equipment
Lead Distance
Dumping
Loading
Lead
Typically 0.5 to 5 kms
Gradient
Expressed as x in y or % or degrees
For example 1 in 16
z= (1/16)X 100 = 6.25%
In Degrees = tan-1(1/16)=3.58
(z) %
(y) 16 m
(x)
1m
Dumping
Loading
Loading
Excavators
Wheel Loaders
Excavator output per day = Output per hour X avg. working hours per day
Excavators required = Total excavation volume per day / Excavator output per day