Ortalis Vs Echarri

G.R. No.
L-9331
July 31, 1957
JOSE A. ORTALIZ, plaintiff-appellant,

vs.
CORADO ECHARRI, defendant-appelee.
Parreno and Tonogbanua for appellant.
Hilado and Hilado for appellees.
ENDENCIA, J.:
Plaintiff-appellant seeks the reversal of the order of the Court of First Instance of Negros
Occidental dismissing the case on the ground that the complaint does not state a cause
of action.
On February 19, 1953, plaintiff filed in the court below a complaint wherein, after stating
the legal personalities of the parties, he averred the following:
2. That the plaintiff is the lawful father of the child, Winston Ortaliz, had in
legitimate wedlock with Elena Lucasan;
3. That on or about December 18, 1953, at the corner of Washington and Justicia
Streets, Bacolod City, Philippines, the Studebaker Sedan Car with Plate No. 351138 of the defendant struck the plaintiff's son, Winston Ortaliz, causing upon
him physical injuries as a result of which he was taken to the Occidental Negros
Provincial Hospital as evidenced by the medical certificate herewith attached and
marked as Annex "A" of this complaint;
4. That the said Studebaker Sedan Car with Plate No. 35-1138 was at the time of
the accident, driven and controlled by Segundino Estanda, a driver under the
employ of the defendant, without due care and diligence and with negligence and
recklessness and violation of traffic rules and regulations;
5. That an information was filed in the Municipal Court of the City of Bacolod
which was docketed as Criminal Case No. 2607 against the said Segundino
Estanda for the crime of Slight Physical Inuries Through Reckless Imprudence, a
copy of said information is hereto attached marked as Annex "B" and made an
integral part of this complaint;
6. That the said Segundino Estanda pleaded guilty to the crime charge in the
Information and he was finally sentenced to suffer the penalty of five (5) days of
Arresto Menor and to pay the costs in a Decision rendered in said case, copy of
which Decision is hereto attached marked as Annex "C" and made an integral
part of this complaint;
7. That the said Decision, Annex "C" has long become final and said Segundino
Estanda has already served the penalty metted to him by virtue thereof; .
8. That the plaintiff has suffered damages in the form of expenses paid for the
hospitalization, medicines, physicians' fees and incidental expense of his son,
Winston Ortaliz, in the amount of P446.58;
9. That the plaintiff, by reason of the accident met by his said son, Winston
Ortaliz, as above-stated, through the fault, negligence and recklessness of
Segundino Estanda for whose acts the defendant is responsible because he was
at the time employed by him (defendant) as his driver, has also suffered,
because of the mental anguish, fright, serious anxiety, wounded feelings and
moral shock, moral damages in the amount of TWO THOUSAND PESOS
(P2,000), Philippine Currency;
10. That the boy, Winston Ortaliz, was strong, robust and happy before the
accident that caused on him physical Injuries which necessitated his
hospitalization and medical attention, and was not suffering nor had he ever
suffered from any illness;
11. That demands have been made on the defendant to pay the plaintiff the sum
of P2,446.55 for actual, consequential and moral damages, but the defendants
refused and still refuses to pay the same and that by reason of the refusal of the
defendant, the plaintiff was forced to secure the services of an attorney paying
the latter the sum of P500.
WHEREFORE, it is respectfully prayed that a decision be rendered;
1. Sentencing the defendant to pay the plaintiff the sum of P2,446.55 for the
actual, consequential and moral damages plus an additional sum of P500 for
attorney's fees;
2. To pay the costs of this suit, and
3. Plaintiff be granted any other remedy that is just and equitable and proper in
law.
On March 18, 1953, the defendant-appellee filed a motion to dismiss wherein, after
admitting the ownership of the Studebaker Sedan car with plate No. 35-1138, he alleged
the following:
(a) That the case at bar is one for recovery of damages arising from the crime of
Slight Physical Injuries as borne out by the allegations of the complaint itself.
(b) That defendant is being sued in his capacity as the employer of the
perpetrator of the said crime, Segundino Estanda, and, as deducible from the
allegations of the complaint, for defendant's supposed subsidiary civil liability
arising therefrom under the Revised Penal Code.
(d) That the complaint does not allege that defendant was nor is engaged in any
business or industry in conjunction with which he has at any time used the said
car, much less on the occasion of the alleged accident, nor the defendant had at
any time put out the said car for hire.
(e) That the obligation or liability of defendant, if any, for the damages alleged in
the complaint, being an obligation arising from a criminal offense, is governed by
Article 1161 of the Civil Code, which, in turn, makes the penal laws applicable
thereto.
(f) That, under Article 103 of the Revised Penal Code, it is essential, in order for
an employer to be liable subsidiarily for felonies committed by his employee, that
the former be engaged in some kind of industry, and that the employer had
committed the crime in the discharge of his duties in connection with such
industry.
(g) That, therefore, defendant cannot be held subsidiarily liable for the crime
committed by his driver as alleged in plaintiff's complaint.
PREMISES CONSIDERED, defendant respectfully prays this Hon. Court to
dismiss the complaint, the same having failed to state a cause of action, with
costs.
Thereafter the parties submitted their respective memoranda on whether the complaint
failed to state a cause of action and the Court, after taking into consideration the
arguments advanced by the parties, dismissed the complaint.
Plaintiff now contends that under paragraph 2 of Article 2884 of the Civil Code and
paragraph 1 and 5 of Article 2180, a sufficient cause of action has been clearly alleged
in the disputed complaint and therefore the same should not have been dismissed.
Article 2180 in part provides:
ART. 2180. The obligation imposed by article 2176 is demandable not only for
one's own acts or omission but also for those of persons for whom one is
responsible.
Employers shall be liable for the damages caused by their employees and
household helpers acting within the scope of their assigned tasks, even though
the former are not engaged in any business or industry.
and Article 2184 in its last paragraph provides:
If the owner was not in the motor vehicle, the provisions of Article 2180 are
applicable.
Having in view the aforequoted provisions of law and those of Article 2176 to the effect
that "Whoever by act or omission causes damage to another, there being fault or
negligence, is obliged to pay for the damage done", there seems to be good reason to
support plaintiff's contention that the complaint in question states sufficient cause of
action. Defendant-appellee, however, claims that there is no allegation in the complaint
that "the defendant was engaged in some kind of industry and that the employee had
committed the crime in the discharge of his duties in connection with such industry,"
hence the defendant cannot be held subsidiarily liable for the crime committed by his
driver and therefore the complaint failed to state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of
action. But paragraph 5 of Article 2180 refutes this contention for it clearly provides that
"Employers shall be liable for the damages caused by their employees acting within the
scope of their assigned tasks, even though the former are not engaged in any business
or industry."
Defendant-appellee also contends that when the judgment in Criminal Case No. 2607 of
the Municipal Court of Bacolod was rendered against the driver Segundino Estanda,
plaintiff did not reserve the civil action and thus he lost his right thereto and
consequently the present action against the defendant-appellee would not lie. This
contention, however, is untenable, for Article 33 of the Civil Code clearly provides:
ART. 33. In cases of physical injuries, a civil action for damages, entirely
separate and distinct from the criminal action, may be brought by the injured
party. Such civil action shall proceed independently of the criminal prosecution,
and shall require only a preponderance of evidence.
WHEREFORE, the order of dismissal entered by the lower court is hereby revoked and
the case remanded to said court for further proceedings. Without costs.

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G.R. No.

July 31, 1957

JOSE A. ORTALIZ, plaintiff-appellant,

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