Satellite Television

Satellite television is television programming delivered by the means of communications
satellite and received by an outdoor antenna, usually a parabolic reflector generally referred to as
a satellite dish, and as far as household usage is concerned, a satellite receiver either in the form
of an external set-top box or a satellite tuner module built into a television set
Satellite television tuners are also available as a card or a USB peripheral to be attached to
a personal computer. In many areas of the world satellite television provides a wide range of
channels and services, often to areas that are not serviced by terrestrial or cable providers.
Direct-broadcast satellite television comes to the general public in two distinct flavors analog
and digital. This necessitates either having an analog satellite receiver or a digital satellite
receiver. Analog satellite television is being replaced by digital satellite television and the latter is
becoming available in a better quality known as high-definition television
The first satellite television signal was relayed from Europe to the Telstar satellite over North
America in 1962
The world's first commercial communications satellite, called Intelsat I (nicknamed "Early Bird"),
was launched into synchronous orbit on April 6, 1965.
The first national network of satellite television, called Orbita, was created in Soviet Union in 1967
The first commercial North American satellite to carry television transmissions was Canada's
geostationary Anik 1, which was launched in 1972
Satellites used for television signals are generally in either naturally highly elliptical ,geostationary
orbit 37,000 km (23,000 mi) above the earth's equator
Satellite television, like other communications relayed by satellite, starts with a transmitting
antenna located at an uplink facility. Uplink satellite dishes are very large, as much as 9 to 12
meters (30 to 40 feet) in diameter
The uplink dish is pointed toward a specific satellite and the uplinked signals are transmitted
within a specific frequency range, so as to be received by one of the transponders tuned to that
frequency range aboard that satellite
Standarts
Analog television distributed via satellite is usually sent scrambled or unscrambled in NTSC, PAL,
or SECAM television broadcast standards. The analog signal is frequency modulated and is
converted from an FM signal to what is referred to as baseband. This baseband comprises the
video signal and the audio subcarrier(s). The audio subcarrier is further demodulated to provide a
raw audio signal.
In general, digital television, including that transmitted via satellites, are generally based on open
standards such as MPEG and DVB-S or ISDB-S.
There are three primary types of satellite television usage: reception direct by the viewer,
reception by local television affiliates, or reception by headends for distribution across
terrestrial cable systems.
Direct broadcast via satellite

is a term used to refer to satellite television broadcasts intended for home reception.[1]
A designation broader than DBS would be direct-to-home signals, or DTH.[2] This has initially
distinguished the transmissions directly intended for home viewers from cable
television distribution services that are sometimes carried on the same satellite.
Television receive-only
Satellite television receiver systems were largely constructed by hobbyists and engineers
This was before there was a DTH satellite television broadcast industry. Satellite television
channels at that time were intended to be used bycable television networks rather than received
by home viewers
Direct to Home television
Many satellite television customers in developed television markets get their programming
through a direct broadcast satellite (DBS) provider.
The provider selects programs and broadcasts them to subscribers as a set package.
Basically, the providers goal is to bring dozens or even hundreds of channels to the customer's
television in a form that approximates the competition from cable television
Unlike earlier programming, the providers broadcast is completely digital, which means it has
high picture and stereo sound quality
Programming sources are simply the channels that provide television programming for
broadcast.
The provider (the DTH platform) does not create original programming itself.
The broadcast center is the central hub of the system
At the broadcast center, the television provider receives signals from various programming
sources, compresses these signals using digital video compression (encryption if necessary), and
sends a broadcast signal to the proper satellite.

Satellite Television

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Satellite television is television programming delivered by the means of communications

Direct broadcast via satellite

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