Reg.-Irreg Verbs PDF
Reg.-Irreg Verbs PDF
Reg.-Irreg Verbs PDF
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
Verbs are subdivided into two groups, regular verbs and irregular verbs, on the basis of how their past
tense and past participles are formed. There are also third person singular and present participle. See
below for tips on how to distinguish between them.
Regular Verbs
Most verbs are regular verbs. Regular verbs are those whose past tense and past participles are formed by
adding a -d or an -ed to the end of the verb.
In this list we will detail the regular verbs and they will classified according to their ending sound / d /, / t / or
/ Id /.
"To roll" is a good example of a regular verb:
Roll, rolled, rolled
Sometimes the last consonant must be doubled before adding the -ed ending. For example:
Plan, planned, planed
Irregular Verbs
There is no formula to predict how an irregular verb will form its past-tense and past-participle forms. There
are over 250 irregular verbs in English. Although they do not follow a formula, there are some fairly
common irregular forms. Some of these forms are:
Break, broke, broken
Cut, cut, cut
Get, got, got
Come, came, come
In the English language verbs have different forms or tenses. There is the present tense, the simple past
tense and past participle, to name a few. Most regular verbs have the simple past and the past participle
spelled like the present tense except the past tenses have a d or ed added to the regular form.
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
Los verbos irregulares son aquellos que no siguen el patrn tpico en su conjugacin. Existen
aproximadamente 200 verbos irregulares en ingls. En la tabla inferior encontrars ms de 100 de los
verbos irregulares ms comunes. En algunos casos, un verbo puede ser irregular en ingls britnico y
regular en ingls americano. Lo encontrars marcado en la tabla.
INFINITIVE
abide
(abid)
arise
(aris)
awake
(auik)
be
(bi)
Beat
(bit)
become
(bikm)
begin
(bigun)
bend
(bend)
bet
(bet)
bind
(bind)
bite
(bit)
bleed
(bl:d)
blow
(blu)
break
(brik)
breed
(br:d)
bring
(bring)
build
(bilt)
burn
(bern)
buy
(bi)
catch
(kach)
choose
(chus)
THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR
abides
arises
awakes
[am/are/ is]
beats
becomes
begins
bends
bets
binds
bites
bleeds
blows
breaks
breeds
brings
builds
burns
buys
catches
chooses
PAST
abode
(abud)
arose
(arus)
awoke
(auuk)
was/were
(us/ur)
beat
(bit)
became
(bikim)
began
(bign)
bent
(bent)
bet
(bet)
bound
(bund)
bit
(bit)
bled
(bled)
blew
(blu)
broke
(bruk)
bred
(bred)
brought
(brot)
built
(bilt)
burnt
(bernt)
bought
(bot)
caught
(kot)
chose
(chos)
PAST
PARTICIPLE
abode
(abud)
arisen
(arsn)
awoke
(auuk)
been
(bin)
beaten
(bitn)
become
(bikm)
begun
(bign)
bent
(bent)
bet
(bet)
bound
(bund)
bitten
(btn)
bled
(bled)
blown
(blun)
broken
(brukn)
bred
(bred)
brought
(brot)
built
(bilt)
burnt
(bernt)
bought
(bot)
caught
(kot)
chosen
(chsn)
3
GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
MEANING
abiding
tolerar, soportar
arising
surgir, plantear
awaking
Despertarse
being
ser, estar
beating
becoming
llegar a ser
beginning
Comenzar
bending
doblarse, inclinarse
betting
apostar en algo
binding
Biting
morder/se
bleeding
Sangrar
blowing
breaking
romper
breeding
criar, reproducir/se
bringing
traer
building
construir
burning
quemar
buying
comprar
catching
agarrar
choosing
elegir
come
(km)
cost
(kost)
creep
(kr:p)
cut
(kat)
deal
(d:l)
dig
(dig)
do
(d)
draw
(dr:)
drink
(drink)
drive
(driv)
eat
(:t)
fall
(fol)
feed
(f:d)
feel
(f:l)
fight
(fit)
find
(find)
flee
(fl:)
fling
(fln:)
fly
(fli)
forget
(forgut)
freeze
(fr:s)
get
(gut)
give
(guv)
go
(gu)
grind
(grind)
grow
(gru)
hang
(jng)
THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR
comes
costs
creeps
cuts
deals
digs
does
draws
drinks
drives
eats
falls
feeds
feels
fights
finds
flees
flings
flies
forgets
freezes
gets
gives
goes
grinds
grows
hangs
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST
came
(kem)
cost
(kost)
crept
(krept)
cut
(kat)
dealt
(delt)
dug
(dag)
did
(dd)
drew
(dr)
drank
(drnk)
drove
(druv)
ate
(eit)
fell
(fel)
fed
(fed)
felt
(felt)
fought
(f:t)
found
(fand)
fled
(fled)
flung
(flang)
flew
(flu)
forgot
(forgt)
froze
(frus)
got
(got)
gave
(guiv)
went
(unt)
ground
(grund)
grew
(gr)
hung
(jng)
PAST
PARTICIPLE
come
(km)
cost
(kost)
crept
(krept)
cut
(kat)
dealt
(delt)
dug
(dag)
done
(dn)
drawn
(drn)
drunk
(drank)
driven
(drvn)
eaten
(tn)
fallen
(flen)
fed
(fed)
felt
(felt)
fought
(f:t)
found
(fund)
fled
(fled)
flung
(flang)
flown
(fln)
forgotten
(forgtn)
frozen
(frusn)
got/gotten
(got/gotn)
given
(guvn)
gone
(gn)
ground
(grund)
grown
(grn)
hung
(jng)
4
GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
MEANING
coming
venir
costing
costar
creeping
arrastrar, deslizarse
cutting
cortar
dealing
tratar, ocuparse
digging
cavar, excavar
doing
Hacer
drawing
dibujar, atraer
drinking
Beber
driving
Conducir
eating
Comer
falling
Caer
feeding
Alimentar
feeling
Sentir
fighting
luchar, pelear
finding
Encontrar
fleeing
escapar, huir
flinging
arrojar, lanzar
flying
Volar
forgetting
Olvidar
freezing
helar, congelar
getting
obtener, conseguir
giving
Dar
going
Ir
grinding
Moler
growing
cultivar, crecer
hanging
Colgar
have
(jev)
hear
(jar)
hide
(jid)
hit
(jit)
hold
(juld)
keep
(k:p)
kneel
(n:l)
know
(nu)
lead
(l:d)
lend
(lend)
learn
(lrn)
leave
(l:v)
lose
(l:s)
make
(mik)
mean
(m:n)
meet
(m:t)
pay
(pi)
put
(put)
read
(rid)
ride
(rid)
ring
(ring)
run
(ran)
say
(si)
see
(s:)
seek
(s:k)
sell
(sel)
send
(send)
THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR
has
hears
hides
hits
holds
keeps
kneels
knows
leads
lends
learns
leaves
loses
makes
means
meets
pays
puts
reads
rides
rings
runs
says
sees
seeks
sells
sends
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST
had
(jad)
heard
(jerd)
hid
(jid)
hit
(jit)
held
(jeld)
kept
(kept)
knelt
(nelt)
knew
(ni)
led
(led)
lent
(lent)
learnt
(lernt)
left
(left)
lost
(lost)
made
(mid)
meant
(ment)
met
(met)
paid
(peid)
put
(put)
read
(red)
rode
(rud)
rang
(reng)
ran
(ren)
said
(seid)
saw
(s:)
sought
(sot)
sold
(suld)
sent
(sent)
PAST
PARTICIPLE
had
(jad)
heard
(jerd)
hidden
(jdn)
hit
(jit)
held
(jeld)
kept
(kept)
knelt
(nelt)
known
(nun)
led
(led)
lent
(lent)
learnt
(lernt)
left
(left)
lost
(lost)
made
(mid)
meant
(ment)
met
(met)
paid
(peid)
put
(put)
read
(red)
ridden
(rdn)
rung
(rang)
run
(ran)
said
(seid)
seen
(sin)
sought
(sot)
sold
(suld)
sent
(sent)
5
GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
MEANING
having
tener, haber
hearing
Or
hiding
ocultar, esconder
hitting
Golpear
holding
sostener, soportar
keeping
guardar, conservar
kneeling
Arrodillarse
knowing
saber, conocer
leading
guiar, conducer
lending
Prestar
learning
Aprender
leaving
Losing
Perder
making
hacer, fabricar
meaning
Significar
meeting
encontrarse con
paying
Pagar
putting
poner, colocar
reading
Leer
riding
Cabalgar
ringing
Sonar
running
Correr
saying
Decir
seeing
Ver
seeking
Buscar
selling
Vender
sending
Enviar
shake
(shik)
shine
(shin)
shoot
(sh:t)
show
(shu)
shrink
(shrink)
shut
(shat)
sing
(sing)
sink
(sink)
sit
(sit)
slay
(sli)
sleep
(slp)
slide
(slid)
sling
(sling)
smell
(smel)
speak
(spik)
spend
(spend)
spin
(spin)
stand
(stand)
steal
(stl)
stick
(stik)
sting
(sting)
stride
(strid)
strike
(strik)
strive
(striv)
swear
(sua:)
sweep
(su:p)
swell
(sul)
THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR
shakes
shines
shoots
shows
shrinks
shuts
sings
sinks
sits
slays
sleeps
slides
slings
smells
speaks
spends
spins
stands
steals
sticks
stings
strides
strikes
strives
swears
sweeps
swells
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST
shook
(shuk)
shone
(shun)
shot
(shot)
showed
(shud)
shrank
(shrenk)
shut
(shat)
sang
(seng)
sank
(senk)
sat
(sat)
slew
(sli)
slept
(slpt)
slid
(slid)
slung
(slang)
smelt
(smelt)
spoke
(spuk)
spent
(spent)
spun
(span)
stood
(st:d)
stole
(stul)
stuck
(stak)
stung
(stang)
strode
(strud)
struck
(strak)
strove
(struv)
swore
(sur)
swept
(supt)
swelled
(suld)
PAST
PARTICIPLE
shaken
(shikn)
shone
(shun)
shot
(shot)
shown
(shun)
shrunk
(shrank)
shut
(shat)
sung
(sang)
sunk
(sank)
sat
(sat)
slain
(slin)
slept
(slpt)
slid
(slid)
slung
(slang)
smelt
(smelt)
spoken
(spukn)
spent
(spent)
spun
(span)
stood
(st:d)
stolen
(stln)
stuck
(stak)
stung
(stang)
strode
(strud)
struck
(strak)
striven
(strvn)
sworn
(surn)
swept
(supt)
swollen
(sulen)
6
GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
MEANING
shaking
agitar, sacudir
shining
brillar, resplandecer
shooting
pegar un tiro
showing
mostrar, demostrar
shrinking
encogerse (tamao)
shutting
Cerrar
singing
Cantar
sinking
hundir/se
sitting
sentar/se
slaying
Asesinar
sleeping
Dormir
sliding
resbalar, deslizar
slinging
smelling
Oler
speaking
Hablar
spending
gastar, pasar
spinning
girar, hilar
standing
Pararse
stealing
Robar
sticking
pinchar, atascarse
stinging
picar, arder
striding
striking
golpear, sonar
striving
Esforzarse
swearing
jurar, maldecir
sweeping
Barrer
swelling
hinchar/se
swim
(sum)
take
(tik)
teach
(tch)
tear
(ta:)
tell
(tel)
think
(zink)
thrive
(zriv)
throw
(zru)
tread
(tred)
understand
(anderstn)
undertake
(andertik)
undo
(and)
wake
(uik)
wear
(uar)
weave
(wv)
weep
(w:p)
win
(un)
wind
(uind)
withdraw
(uizdr:)
wring
(ring)
write
(rit)
THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR
swims
takes
teaches
tears
tells
thinks
thrives
throws
treads
understands
undertakes
undoes
wakes
wears
weaves
weeps
wins
winds
withdraws
wrings
writes
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST
PAST
PARTICIPLE
swam
(sum)
took
(tul)
taught
(tot)
tore
(tor)
told
(told)
thought
(zot)
throve
(zruv)
threw
(zru)
trod
(trod)
understood
(anderstd)
undertook
(andertk)
undid
(andd)
woke
(uuk)
wore
(ur)
wove
(wov)
wept
(wpt)
won
(un)
wound
(uund)
withdrew
(uizdr)
wrung
(rang)
wrote
(rut)
swum
(sum)
taken
(tikn)
taught
(tot)
torn
(torn)
told
(told)
thought
(zot)
thriven
(zrvn)
thrown
(zrun)
trodden
(trden)
understood
(anderstd)
undertaken
(andertikn)
undone
(andn)
woken
(uukn)
worn
(urn)
woven
(wven)
wept
(wpt)
won
(un)
wound
(uund)
withdrawn
(uizdrm)
wrung
(rang)
written
(rtn)
GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
MEANING
swimming
Nadar
taking
tomar, llevar
teaching
Ensear
tearing
rasgar, arrancar
telling
decir, contar
thinking
pensar, creer
thriving
crecer, prosperar
throwing
tirar, arrojar
treading
undertaking
pisar, aplastar
entender,
comprender
comprometerse,
emprender
undoing
Deshacer
waking
Despertarse
wearing
weaving
Tejer
weeping
Llorar
winning
Ganar
winding
serpentear, enroller
withdrawing
retirar/se, extraer
wringing
retorcer, escurrir
writing
Escribir
understanding
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
La mayora de los verbos ingleses son regulares y forman el pasado agregando el sufijo -ed o -d, y el gerundio o
participio presente agregando -ing a la forma infinitiva del verbo.
Aunque estas reglas parecen ser muy simples, la ortografa de los verbos regulares cambia de acuerdo con varias
reglas fonticas y morfolgicas.
INFINITIVE
accept
(acpt)
add
(ad)
admire
(admiar)
admit
(admt)
advise
(advis)
afford
(afrd)
agree
(agr:)
alert
(alrt)
allow
(alu)
amuse
(amis)
analyse
(nalais)
announce
(anuns)
annoy
(ani)
answer
(nsuer)
apologise
(aplodchais)
appear
(apar)
applaud
(apld)
appreciate
(aprshieit)
approve
(aprv)
argue
(:rguiu)
arrange
(arrindch)
THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR
accepts
adds
admires
admits
advises
affords
agrees
Alerts
allows
amuses
analyses
announces
annoys
answers
apologises
appears
applauds
appreciates
approves
argues
arranges
PAST
accepted
(acptid)
added
(did)
admired
(admiard
admitted
(admtid)
advised
(advist)
afforded
(afrdit)
agreed
(agr:d)
alerted
(alrtid)
allowed
(alud)
amused
(amist)
analysed
(nalaist)
announced
(anunst)
annoyed
(anid)
answered
(nsuerd)
apologised
(aplodchaist)
appeared
(apard)
applauded
(apldid)
appreciated
(aprshieitid)
approved
(aprvt)
argued
(:rguiut)
arranged
(arrindcht)
PAST
PARTICIPLE
accepted
(acptid)
added
(did)
admired
(admiard
admitted
(admtid)
advised
(advist)
afforded
(afrdit)
agreed
(agr:d)
alerted
(alrtid)
allowed
(alud)
amused
(amist)
analysed
(nalaist)
announced
(anunst)
annoyed
(anid)
answered
(nsuerd)
apologised
(aplodchaist)
appeared
(apard)
applauded
(apldid)
appreciated
(aprshieitid)
approved
(aprvt)
argued
(:rguiut)
arranged
(arrindcht)
8
GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
MEANING
accepting
Aceptar
adding
Agregar
admiring
Admirar
admitting
Admitir
advising
aconsejar
affording
agreeing
afrontar
estar de
acuerdo
alerting
Alertar
allowing
Permitir
amusing
entretener
analyzing
analizar
announcing
anunciar
annoying
molestar
answering
apologising
contestar
pedir disculpas,
disculparse
appearing
aparecer
applauding
appreciating
aplaudir
apreciar
approving
aprobar
argueing
Discutir
arranging
Arreglar
arrest
(arrst)
arrive
(arriv)
ask
(ask)
attach
(atch)
attack
(atck)
attempt
(atmpt)
attend
(atnd)
attract
(atrct)
avoid
(avid)
back
(bak)
bake
(bik)
balance
(blans)
ban
(ban)
bathe
(bid)
beg
(beg)
behave
(bijiv)
belong
(bilng)
bless
(bles)
blind
(blind)
blink
(blink)
blush
(blash)
boil
(bil)
book
(buk)
bore
(bor)
borrow
(brrou)
bounce
(buns)
brake
(brik)
THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR
arrests
arrives
Asks
attaches
attacks
attemps
attends
attracts
avoids
backs
bakes
balances
Bans
bathes
Begs
behas
belongs
blesses
blinds
blinks
blunshes
Boils
books
Bores
borrows
bounces
brakes
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST
arrested
(arrstid)
arrived
(arrivd)
asked
(askt)
attached
(atcht)
attacked
(atckt)
attempted
(atmptid)
attended
(atndid)
attracted
(atrctid)
avoided
(avidid)
backed
(bakt)
baked
(bikt)
balanced
(blanst)
banned
(bnd)
bathed
(bidid)
begged
(bgd)
behaved
(bijivd)
belonged
(bilngd)
blessed
(blest)
blinded
(blindid)
blinked
(blinkt)
blushed
(blasht)
boiled
(bild)
booked
(bukt)
bored
(bord)
borrowed
(brroud)
bounced
(bunst)
braked
(brikt)
PAST
PARTICIPLE
arrested
(arrstid)
arrived
(arrivd)
asked
(ask)
attached
(atcht)
attacked
(atckt)
attempted
(atmptid)
attended
(atndid)
attracted
(atrctid)
avoided
(avidid)
backed
(bakt)
baked
(bikt)
balanced
(blanst)
banned
(bnd)
bathed
(bidid)
begged
(bgd)
behaved
(bijivd)
belonged
(bilngd)
blessed
(blest)
blinded
(blindid)
blinked
(blinkt)
blushed
(blasht)
boiled
(bild)
booked
(bukt)
bored
(bord)
borrowed
(brroud)
bounced
(bunst)
braked
(brikt)
9
GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
MEANING
arresting
Arrestar
arriving
Llegar
asking
Preguntar
attaching
adjuntar
attacking
Atacar
attempting
intentar
attending
Asistir
attracting
Atraer
avoiding
Evitar
backing
Apoyar
baking
Hornear
balancing
balancear
banning
Prohibir
bathing
baarse
begging
Rogar
behaving
comportarse
belonging
pertenecer
blessing
bendecir
blinding
enceguecer
parpadear
blinking
enrojecer
blushing
boiling
Hervir
reservar
booking
boring
borrowing
aburrir
pedir
prestado
bouncing
rebotar
braking
frenar
breathe
(brid)
brush
(brash)
burn
(bern)
bury
(bri)
call
(kol)
calculate
(klkiuleit)
camp
(kamp)
care
(ker)
cause
(koz)
challenge
(chlindz)
change
(chindz)
charge
(chrdz)
chase
(chis)
cheat
(chit)
check
(chek)
cheer
(chir)
chew
(chu)
claim
(klim)
clap
(klp)
clean
(klin)
clear
(klar)
close
(klus)
collect
(kolkt)
comb
(kom)
compare
(kompr)
compete
(kompt)
complete
(komplt)
THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR
breathes
brushes
burns
buries
calls
calculates
camps
cares
causes
challenges
changes
charges
chases
cheats
checks
cheers
chews
claims
claps
cleans
clears
closes
collects
combs
compares
competes
completes
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST
breathed
(brdid)
brushed
(brasht)
burned
(bernd)
buried
(brid)
called
(kold)
calculated
(klkiuleirid)
camped
(kampt)
cared
(kerd)
caused
(kozd)
challenged
(chlindzd)
changed
(chindzd)
charged
(chrdzd)
chased
(chist)
cheated
(chtid)
checked
(chekt)
cheered
(chird)
chewed
(chud)
claimed
(klimd)
clapped
(klpt)
cleaned
(klind)
cleared
(klard)
closed
(klusd)
collected
(kolktid)
combed
(komd)
compared
(komprd)
competed
(komptid)
completed
(kompltid)
PAST
PARTICIPLE
breathed
(brdid)
brushed
(brasht)
burned
(bernd)
buried
(brid)
called
(kold)
calculated
(klkiuleirid)
camped
(kampt)
cared
(kerd)
caused
(kozd)
challenged
(chlindzd)
changed
(chindzd)
charged
(chrdzd)
chased
(chist)
cheated
(chtid)
checked
(chekt)
cheered
(chird)
chewed
(chud)
claimed
(klimd)
clapped
(klpt)
cleaned
(klind)
cleared
(klard)
closed
(klusd)
collected
(kolktid)
combed
(komd)
compared
(komprd)
competed
(komptid)
completed
(kompltid)
10
GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
breathing
MEANING
respirar
cepillar
brushing
quemar
burning
burying
enterrar
calling
llamar
calculating
calcular
camping
acampar
caring
Cuidar
causing
Causar
challenging
desafiar
changing
cambiar
charging
cargar
chasing
cazar
cheating
engaar
checking
verificar
cheering
alegrar
chewing
mascar
claiming
reclamar
claping
aplaudir
cleaning
limpiar
clearing
aclarar
closing
collecting
cerrar
cobrar, coleccio
nar
combing
peinar
comparing
comparar
competing
completing
competir
completar
THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR
concentrate
(knsentreit)
concentrates
concern
(konsrn)
confess
(konfs)
confuse
(konfis)
connect
(konkt)
consider
(konsder)
consist
(konsst)
contain
(kontin)
continue
(kontniu)
cook
(ku:k)
copy
(kpi)
correct
(korrkt)
cough
(kof)
count
(kaunt)
cover
(kver)
crack
(krak)
crash
(krash)
crawl
(krol)
cross
(kros)
crush
(krash)
cry
(kri)
cure
(kir)
curl
(kerl)
curve
(kerb)
cycle
(sikl)
damage
(dmidz)
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST
concentrated
cycles
(knsentreired)
concerned
(konsrnd)
confessed
(konfst)
confused
(konfist)
connected
(konktid)
considered
(konsderd)
consisted
(konsstid)
contained
(kontind)
continued
(kontniud)
cooked
(ku:kt)
copied
(kpid)
corrected
(korrktid
coughed
(koft)
counted
(kunid)
covered
(kverd)
cracked
(krakt)
crashed
(krasht)
crawled
(krold)
crossed
(krost)
crushed
(krasht)
cried
(krid)
cured
(kird)
curled
(kerld)
curved
(kerbd)
cycled
(sikld)
demages
damaged
(dmidzd)
concerns
confesses
confuses
connects
considers
consists
contains
continues
cooks
copies
corrects
coughs
counts
covers
cracks
crashes
crawls
crosses
crushes
cries
cures
curls
curves
PAST
PARTICIPLE
GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
concentrated
(knsentreired) concentrating
concerned
(konsrnd)
confessed
(konfst)
confused
(konfist)
connected
(konktid)
considered
(konsderd)
consisted
(konsstid)
contained
(kontind)
continued
(kontniud)
cooked
(ku:kt)
copied
(kpid)
corrected
(korrktid
coughed
(koft)
counted
(kunid)
covered
(kverd)
cracked
(krakt)
crashed
(krasht)
crawled
(krold)
crossed
(krost)
crushed
(krasht)
cried
(krid)
cured
(kird)
curled
(kerld)
curved
(kerbd)
cycled
(sikld)
damaged
(dmidzd)
11
MEANING
concentrarse
concerning
concernir
confessing
confesar
confusing
confundir
connecting
conectar
considering
considerar
consisting
consistir
containing
contener
continuing
continuar
cooking
cocinar
copying
copiar
correcting
corregir
coughing
toser
counting
contar
covering
cubrir
cracking
rajar
crashing
embestir
crawling
arrastrarse
croossing
cruzar
crushing
aplastar
crying
gritar, llorar
curing
curar
curling
rizar(se)
curving
curvar
pasear en
bicicleta
cycling
demaging
daar
dance
(dans)
deceive
(disv)
decide
(disid)
decorate
(dkoreit)
delay
(dili)
delete
(dil:t)
delight
(dilit)
deliver
(delver)
depend
(dipnd)
describe
(diskrib)
deserve
(disrv)
destroy
(distri)
detect
(ditkt)
develop
(divlop)
disagree
(disagr)
disappear
(disapar)
discover
(diskver)
dislike
(dislik)
divide
(divid)
double
(dbl)
doubt
(dut)
dream
(drim)
dress
(dres)
drop
(drop)
drown
(drun)
dry
(dri)
dust
(dst)
THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR
dances
deceives
decides
decorates
delays
deletes
delights
delivers
depends
describes
deserves
destroys
detects
develops
disagrees
disappears
discovers
dislikes
divides
doubles
doubts
dreams
dresses
drops
drowns
dries
dusts
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST
danced
(danst)
deceived
(disvd)
decided
(disidid)
decorated
(dkoreirid)
delayed
(dilid)
deleted
(dil:tid)
delighted
(dilirid)
delivered
(delverd)
depended
(dipnid)
described
(diskribd)
deserved
(disrvd)
destroyed
(distrid)
detected
(ditktid)
developed
(divlopt)
disagreed
(disagrd)
disappeared
(disapard)
discovered
(diskverd)
disliked
(dislikt)
divided
(dividid)
doubled
(dbld)
doubted
(durid)
dreamed
(drimd)
dressed
(drest)
dropped
(drpt)
drowned
(drund)
dried
(drid)
dusted
(dstid)
PAST
PARTICIPLE
danced
(danst)
deceived
(disvd)
decided
(disidid)
decorated
(dkoreirid)
delayed
(dilid)
deleted
(dil:tid)
delighted
(dilirid)
delivered
(delverd)
depended
(dipnid)
described
(diskribd)
deserved
(disrvd)
destroyed
(distrid)
detected
(ditktid)
developed
(divlopt)
disagreed
(disagrd)
disappeared
(disapard)
discovered
(diskverd)
disliked
(dislikt)
divided
(dividid)
doubled
(dbld)
doubted
(durid)
dreamed
(drimd)
dressed
(drest)
dropped
(drpt)
drowned
(drund)
dried
(drid)
dusted
(dstid)
12
GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
MEANING
dancing
bailar
deceiving
Engaar
deciding
Decidir
decorating
Decorar
delaying
deleting
Demorar
suprimir,
eliminar, borrar
delighting
Deleitar
delivering
Repartir
dipending
depender
describing
describir
deserving
merecer
destroying
destruir
detecting
detectar
developing
desarrollar
no estar de
acuerdo
desaparecer
disagreeing
disappearing
descubrir
discovering
disliking
disgustar
dividing
dividir
doubling
duplicar
doubting
dudar
dreaming
soar
dressing
dropping
vestir
dejar caer,
caerse
drowning
ahogar
drying
secar
dusting
limpiar
earn
(ern)
educate
(dzukeit)
embarrass
(imbras)
employ
(impli)
empty
(mpti)
encourage
(inkridz)
end
(end)
enjoy
(indzi)
enter
(ner)
entertain
(enertin)
escape
(iskip)
examine
(igzmin)
excite
(iksit)
excuse
(ikskiz)
exercise
(ksersaiz)
exist
(igzst)
expand
(ikspnd)
expect
(ikspkt)
explain
(iksplin)
explode
(iksplud)
extend
(ikstnd)
face
(fis)
fade
(fid)
fail
(fil)
fancy
(fnsi)
fasten
(fsen)
fax
(faks)
THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR
earns
educates
embarrasses
employs
empties
encourages
ends
enjoys
enters
entertains
escapes
examines
excites
excuses
exercises
exists
expands
expects
explains
explodes
extends
faces
fades
fails
fancies
fastens
faxes
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST
earned
(ernd)
educated
(dzukeirid)
embarrassed
(imbrast)
employed
(implid)
emptied
(mptid)
encouraged
(inkridzd)
ended
(ndid)
enjoyed
(indzid)
entered
(nerd)
entertained
(enertind)
escaped
(iskipt)
examined
(igzmind)
excited
(iksirid)
excused
(ikskizd)
exercised
(ksersaizd)
existed
(igzstid)
expanded
(ikspndid)
expected
(ikspktid)
explained
(iksplind)
exploded
(ikspludid)
extended
(ikstndid)
faced
(fist)
faded
(fidid)
failed
(fild)
fancied
(fnsid)
fastened
(fsend)
faxed
(fakst)
PAST
PARTICIPLE
earned
(ernd)
educated
(dzukeirid)
embarrassed
(imbrast)
employed
(implid)
emptied
(mptid)
encouraged
(inkridzd)
ended
(ndid)
enjoyed
(indzid)
entered
(nerd)
entertained
(enertind)
escaped
(iskipt)
examined
(igzmind)
excited
(iksirid)
excused
(ikskizd)
exercised
(ksersaizd)
existed
(igzstid)
expanded
(ikspndid)
expected
(ikspktid)
explained
(iksplind)
exploded
(ikspludid)
extended
(ikstndid)
faced
(fist)
faded
(fidid)
failed
(fild)
fancied
(fnsid)
fastened
(fsend)
faxed
(kakst)
13
GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
MEANING
earning
ganar
educating
educar
avergonzar
embarrassing
employing
emplear
emptying
vaciar
alentar
encouranging
ending
finalizar
enjoying
disfrutar
entering
ingresar
entretener
entertaining
escaping
huir
examining
examinar
exciting
excitar
excusing
excusarse
ejercitar
exercising
existing
existir
expanding
expandir
expending
esperar
explaining
explicar
exploding
explotar
extending
extender
facing
enfrentar
fading
decolorarse
failing
fancying
fracasar
imaginar,
desear
fastening
atar
faxing
enviar un fax
fear
(far)
fetch
(fech)
file
(fil)
fill
(fil)
film
(film)
finish
(fnish)
fire
(fier)
fit
(fit)
fix
(fiks)
flash
(flash)
float
(flut)
flood
(flad)
flow
(flu)
flower
(fluer)
fold
(fuld)
follow
(flou)
fool
(ful)
force
(fors)
form
(form)
found
(fund)
frame
(frim)
frighten
(friren)
fry
(fri)
gather
(gder)
greet
(grit)
graduate
(grdueit)
grease
(gris)
THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR
fears
fetches
files
fills
films
finishes
fires
fits
fixes
flashes
floats
floods
flows
flowers
folds
follows
fools
forces
forms
founds
frames
frightens
fries
gathers
greets
graduates
greases
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST
feared
(fard)
fetched
(fecht)
filed
(fild)
filled
(fild)
filmed
(filmd)
finished
(fnisht)
fired
(fierd)
fitted
(ftid)
fixed
(fikst)
flashed
(flasht)
floated
(flurid)
flooded
(fldid)
flowed
(flud)
flowered
(fluerd)
folded
(fuldid)
followed
(floud)
fooled
(fuld)
forced
(forst)
formed
(formd)
founded
(fundid)
framed
(frimd)
frightened
(frirend)
fried
(frid)
gathered
(gderd)
greeted
(grrid)
graduated
(grdueirid)
greased
(grist)
PAST
PARTICIPLE
feared
(fard)
fetched
(fecht)
filed
(fild)
filled
(fild)
filmed
(filmd)
finished
(fnisht)
fired
(fierd)
fitted
(ftid)
fixed
(fikst)
flashed
(flasht)
floated
(flurid)
flooded
(fldid)
flowed
(flud)
flowered
(fluerd)
folded
(fuldid)
followed
(floud)
fooled
(fuld)
forced
(forst)
formed
(formd)
founded
(fundid)
framed
(frimd)
frightened
(frirend)
fried
(frid)
gathered
(gderd)
greeted
(grrid)
graduated
(grdueirid)
greased
(grist)
14
GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
MEANING
fearing
temer
fetching
ir a buscar
filing
archivar
filling
llenar
filming
filmar
finishing
firing
terminar
disparar,
despedir
fitting
caber, encajar
fixing
reparar
flashing
brillar, centellear
floating
flotar
flooding
inundarse
flowing
fluir, circular
flowering
florecer
folding
doblar
following
seguir, continuar
fooling
Engaar
forcing
forzar
forming
formar
founding
fundar
framing
enmarcar
frightening
asustar
frying
frer
gathering
recoger
greeting
saludar
graduating
graduarse
greasing
engrasar
groan
(grun)
guess
(ges)
guide
(gid)
hammer
(jmer)
hand
(jand)
hang
(jang)
happen
(jpen)
harm
(jrm)
hate
(jit)
head
(jd)
heat
(jit)
help
(jelp)
hunt
(jant)
hope
(jup)
hug
(jg)
hurry
(jri)
ignore
(ignr)
imagine
(imdzin)
impress
(imprs)
improve
(imprv)
include
(inkld)
increase
(inkrs)
influence
(nfluens)
inform
(infrm)
inject
(indzkt)
injure
(ndzur)
introduce
(introdis)
THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR
groans
guesses
guides
hammers
hands
hangs
happens
harms
hates
heads
heats
helps
hunts
hopes
hugs
hurries
ignores
imagines
impresses
improves
includes
increases
influences
informs
injects
injures
introduces
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST
groaned
(grund)
guessed
(gest)
guided
(gidid)
hammered
(jmerd)
handed
(jndid)
hanged
(jangd)
happened
(jpend)
harmed
(jrmd)
hated
(jirid)
headed
(jdid)
heated
(jrid)
helped
(jelpt)
hunted
(jnid)
hoped
(jupt)
hugged
(jgd)
hurried
(jrid)
ignored
(ignrd)
imagined
(imdzind)
impressed
(imprst)
improved
(imprvd)
included
(inkldid)
increased
(inkrst)
influenced
(nfluenst)
informed
(infrmd)
injected
(indzkrid)
injured
(ndzurd)
introduced
(introdist)
PAST
PARTICIPLE
groaned
(grund)
guessed
(gest)
guided
(gidid)
hammered
(jmerd)
handed
(jndid)
hanged
(jangd)
happened
(jpend)
harmed
(jrmd)
hated
(jirid)
headed
(jdid)
heated
(jrid)
helped
(jelpt)
hunted
(jnid)
hoped
(jupt)
hugged
(jgd)
hurried
(jrid)
ignored
(ignrd)
imagined
(imdzind)
impressed
(imprst)
improved
(imprvd)
included
(inkldid)
increased
(inkrst)
influenced
(nfluenst)
informed
(infrmd)
injected
(indzkrid)
injured
(ndzurd)
introduced
(introdist)
15
GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
MEANING
groaning
gruir
guessing
adivinar
guiding
guiar
hammering
martillar
handing
pasar, entregar
hanging
colgar, ahorcar
happening
suceder
harming
daar
hating
odiar
heading
encabezar
heating
calentar
helping
ayudar
hunting
hoping
cazar, ir de caza
esperar con
ansiedad
hugging
abrazar
hurrying
apurarse
ignoring
ignorar
imagining
imaginar
impressing
impresionar
improving
mejorar
including
incluir
increasing
aumentar
influencing
influenciar
informing
informar
injecting
inyectar
injuring
herir, lesionar
introducing
presentar
instruct
(instrkt)
intend
(intnd)
interest
(ntrest)
interfere
(interfr)
interrupt
(interpt)
invent
(invnt)
invite
(invit)
irritate
(riteit)
jail
(dzil)
join
(dzin)
joke
(dzuk)
judge
(dzadz)
jump
(dzamp)
kick
(kik)
kill
(kil)
kiss
(kis)
kneel
(nil)
knit
(nit)
knock
(nok)
knot
(not)
label
(libl)
land
(land)
last
(last)
laugh
(laf)
launch
(lonch)
level
(lvel)
lick
(lik)
THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR
instructs
intends
interests
interferes
interrpts
invents
invites
irritates
jails
joins
jokes
judges
jumps
kicks
kills
kisses
kneels
knits
knocks
knots
labels
lands
lasts
laughs
launches
levels
licks
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST
instructed
(instrkrid)
intended
(intndid)
interested
(ntrestid)
interfered
(interfrd)
interrupted
(interptid)
invented
(invnid)
invited
(invirid)
irritated
(riteirid)
jailed
(dzild)
joined
(dzind)
joked
(dzukt)
judged
(dzadzd)
jumped
(dzampt)
kicked
(kikt)
killed
(kilt)
kissed
(kist)
kneeled
(nild) USA
knitted
(nltid)
knocked
(nokt)
knotted
(ntid)
labelled
(libld)
landed
(lndid)
lasted
(lstid)
laughed
(laft)
launched
(loncht)
levelled
(lveld)
licked
(likt)
PAST
PARTICIPLE
instructed
(instrkrid)
intended
(intndid)
interested
(ntrestid)
interfered
(interfrd)
interrupted
(interptid)
invented
(invnid)
invited
(invirid)
irritated
(riteirid)
jailed
(dzild)
joined
(dzind)
joked
(dzukt)
judged
(dzadzd)
jumped
(dzampt)
kicked
(kikt)
killed
(kilt)
kissed
(kist)
kneeled
(nild) USA
knitted
(ntid)
knocked
(nokt)
knotted
(ntid)
labelled
(libld)
landed
(lndid)
lasted
(lstid)
laughed
(laft)
launched
(loncht)
levelled
(lveld)
licked
(likt)
16
GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
MEANING
instruct
instruir
intending
intentar
interesting
interesar
interfering
interferir
interrupting
interrumpir
inventing
inventar
inviting
invitar
irritating
irritar
jailing
encarcelar
joining
unir, juntar
joking
bromear
judging
juzgar
jumping
saltar
kick
patear
killing
matar
kissing
besar
kneeling
arrodillarse
knitting
tejer
knocking
golpear
knotting
anudar
labelling
etiquetar
landing
aterrizar
lasting
durar
laughing
rerse
launching
lanzar
levelling
nivelar
licking
lamer
lighten
(litn)
like
(lik)
list
(list)
listen
(lsen)
live
(liv)
load
(lud)
lock
(lok)
long
(long)
look
(luk)
love
(lav)
manage
(mnidz)
march
(march)
mark
(mark)
marry
(mri)
match
(mach)
measure
(mshar)
melt
(melt)
memorise
(mmoraiz)
mend
(mend)
milk
(milk)
miss
(mis)
mix
(miks)
move
(muv)
multiply
(mltplai)
murder
(mrder)
nail
(nil)
name
(nim)
THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR
lightens
likes
lists
listens
lives
loads
locks
longs
looks
loves
manages
marches
marks
marries
matches
measures
melts
memorises
mends
milks
misses
mixes
moves
multiplies
murders
nails
names
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST
lightened
(litnd)
liked
(likt)
listed
(lstid)
listened
(lsend)
lived
(livd)
loaded
(ludid)
locked
(lokt)
longed
(longd)
looked
(lukt)
loved
(lavd)
managed
(mnidzd)
marched
(marcht)
marked
(markt)
married
(mrid)
matched
(macht)
measured
(mshard)
melted
(mltid)
memorized
(mmoraizd)
mended
(mndid)
milked
(milkt)
missed
(mist)
mixed
(mikst)
moved
(muvd)
multiplied
(mlt-plid)
murdered
(mrderd)
nailed
(nild)
named
(nimd)
PAST
PARTICIPLE
lightened
(litnd)
liked
(likt)
listed
(lstid)
listened
(lsend)
lived
(livd)
loaded
(ludid)
locked
(lokt)
longed
(longd)
looked
(lukt)
loved
(lavd)
managed
(mnidzd)
marched
(marcht)
marked
(markt)
married
(mrid)
matched
(macht)
measured
(mshard)
melted
(mltid)
memorized
(mmoraizd)
mended
(mndid)
milked
(milkt)
missed
(mist)
mixed
(mikst)
moved
(muvd)
multiplied
(mlt-plid)
murdered
(mrderd)
nailed
(nild)
named
(nimd)
17
GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
MEANING
lightening
iluminar,
alivianar
liking
gustar
listing
listar
listening
escuchar
living
vivir
loading
cargar
locking
longing
durar
looking
mirar
loving
amar
managing
administrar
marching
marchar
marking
marcar
marrying
casarse
matching
hacer juego
measuring
medir
melting
derretirse
memorizar
memorising
mending
remendar
milking
ordear
missing
perder, extraar
mixing
mezclar
moving
mover, mudarse
multiplying
multiplicar
murdering
asesinar
nailing
clavar
naming
nombrar
need
(nid)
note
(nut)
notice
(nuris)
number
(nmber)
obey
(obi)
object
(obdzkt)
observe
(obsrv)
obtain
(obtin)
offend
(ofnd)
offer
(fer)
open
(upen)
order
(rder)
overflow (ou
verflu)
owe
(u)
pack
(pak)
paint
(pint)
park
(park)
pass
(pas)
paste
(pist)
pat
(pat)
pause
(poz)
pedal
(pdal)
peel
(pil)
peep
(pip)
perform
(perfrm)
phone
(fun)
pick
(pik)
THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR
needs
notes
notices
numbers
obeys
objects
observes
obtains
offends
offers
opens
orders
overflows
owes
packs
paints
parks
passes
pastes
pats
pauses
pedals
peels
peeps
performs
phones
picks
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST
needed
(ndid)
noted
(nurid)
noticed
(nurist)
numbered
(nmberd)
obeyed
(obid)
objected
(obdzktid)
observed
(obsrvd)
obtained
(obtind)
offended
(ofndid)
offered
(ferd)
opened
(upend)
ordered
(rderd)
overflowed
(ouverflud)
owed
(ud)
packed
(pakt)
painted
(pinid)
parked
(parkt)
passed
(past)
pasted
(pistid)
patted
(prid)
paused
(pozd)
pedalled
(pdald)
peeled
(pild)
peeped
(pipt)
performed
(perfrmd)
phoned
(fund)
picked
(pikt)
PAST
PARTICIPLE
needed
(ndid)
noted
(nurid)
noticed
(nurist)
numbered
(nmberd)
obeyed
(obid)
objected
(obdzktid)
observed
(obsrvd)
obtained
(obtind)
offended
(ofndid)
offered
(ferd)
opened
(upend)
ordered
(rderd)
overflowed
(ouverflud)
owed
(ud)
packed
(pakt)
painted
(pinid)
parked
(parkt)
passed
(past)
pasted
(pistid)
patted
(prid)
paused
(pozd)
pedalled
(pdald)
peeled
(pild)
peeped
(pipt)
performed
(perfrmd)
phoned
(fund)
picked
(pikt)
18
GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
needing
MEANING
noting
necesitar
advertir, fijarse
en
noticing
prestar atencin
numbering
numerar
obeying
obedecer
objecting
objetar
observing
observar
obtaining
obtener
offending
ofender
offering
ofrecer
opening
abrir
ordering
ordenar, pedir
overflowing
inundar
owing
adeudar
packing
empacar
painting
Pintar
parking
Estacionar
passing
pasar, aprobar
pasting
Pegar
patting
acariciar
pausing
detenerse
pedalling
pedalear
peeling
pelar
echar una
ojeada
peeping
performing
phoning
picking
ejecutar
llamar por
telfono
recoger,
levantar
plan
(plan)
plant
(plant)
place
(plis)
play
(pli)
please
(pliz)
plug
(plag)
point
(pint)
polish
(plish)
possess
(poss)
post
(pust)
pour
(por)
practise
(prktis)
pray
(pri)
precede
(prousd)
prefer
(prfr)
prepare
(pripr)
present
(priznt)
press
(pres)
pretend
(pritnd)
prevent
(privnt)
print
(print)
produce
(prods)
program
(prgram)
promise
(prmis)
protect
(protkt)
provide
(provid)
THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR
plans
plants
places
plays
pleases
plugs
points
polishes
possesses
posts
pours
practises
prays
precedes
prefers
prepares
presents
presses
pretends
prevents
prints
produces
programs
promises
protects
provides
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST
PAST
PARTICIPLE
planned
(pland)
planted
(plnid)
placed
(plist)
played
(plid)
planned
(pland)
planted
(plnid)
placed
(plist)
played
(plid)
pleased
(plizd)
plugged
(plagd)
pointed
(pinid)
polished
(plisht)
possessed
(posst)
posted
(pustid)
poured
(pord)
practised
(prktist)
prayed
(prid)
preceded
(prousdid)
preferred
(prifrd)
prepared
(priprd)
presented
(priznid)
pressed
(prest)
pretended
(pritnid)
prevented
(privnid)
printed
(prnid)
produced
(prodst)
programmed
(prgramd)
promised
(prmist)
protected
(protktid)
provided
(providid)
pleased
(plizd)
plugged
(plagd)
pointed
(pinid)
polished
(plisht)
possessed
(posst)
posted
(pustid)
poured
(pord)
practised
(prktist)
prayed
(prid)
preceded
(prousdid)
preferred
(prifrd)
prepared
(priprd)
presented
(priznid)
pressed
(prest)
pretended
(pritnid)
prevented
(privnid)
printed
(prnid)
produced
(prodst)
programmed
(prgramd)
promised
(prmist)
protected
(protktid)
provided
(providid)
19
GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
MEANING
planning
planear,
planificar
planting
plantar
placing
ubicar
tocar un
instrumento,
jugar
playing
pleasing
complacer
plugging
conectar
pointing
sealar
polishing
lustrar
possessing
posting
poseer
enviar por
correo
pouring
derramar
practising
practicar
prying
rezar
preceding
preceder
preferring
preferir
preparing
pressing
preparar
presentar,
regalar
presionar,
apretar
pretending
fingir
preventing
impedir
printing
imprimir
producing
producir
programar
presenting
programming
promising
prometer
protecting
proteger
providing
proveer
pull
(pul)
pump
(pamp)
punish
(pnish)
push
(push)
queue
(ki)
rain
(rin)
raise
(riz)
reach
(rich)
realise
(ralaiz)
receive
(risv)
recognise
(rkognaiz)
record
(rikrd)
reduce
(ridis)
reflect
(riflkt)
refuse
(rifiz)
regret
(rigrt)
relax
(rilks)
release
(rils)
rely
(reli)
remain
(rimin)
remember
(rimmber)
remind
(rimind)
remove
(rimv)
rent
(rent)
repair
(ripr)
repeat
(ript)
replace
(riplis)
THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR
pulls
pumps
punishes
pushes
queues
rains
raises
reaches
realises
receives
recognises
records
reduces
reflects
refuses
regrets
relaxes
releases
relies
remains
remembers
reminds
removes
rents
repairs
repeats
replaces
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST
pulled
(puld)
pumped
(pampt)
punished
(pnisht)
pushed
(pusht)
queued
(kid)
rained
(rind)
raised
(rizd)
reached
(richt)
realised
(ralaizd)
received
(risvd)
recognised
(rkognaizd)
recorded
(rikrdid)
reduced (ridi
st)
reflected
(riflktid)
refused
(rifizd)
regretted
(rigrtid)
relaxed
(rilkst)
released
(rilst)
relied
(relid)
remained
(rimind)
remembered
(rimmberd)
reminded
(rimindid)
removed
(rimvd)
rent
(rnid)
repaired
(riprd)
repeated
(riprid)
replaced
(riplist)
PAST
PARTICIPLE
pulled
(puld)
pumped
(pampt)
punished
(pnisht)
pushed
(pusht)
queued
(kid)
rained
(rind)
raised
(rizd)
reached
(richt)
realised
(ralaizd)
received
(risvd)
recognised
(rkognaizd)
recorded
(rikrdid)
reduced
(ridist)
reflected
(riflktid)
refused
(rifizd)
regretted
(rigrtid)
relaxed
(rilkst)
released
(rilst)
relied
(relid)
remained
(rimind)
remembered
(rimmberd)
reminded
(rimindid)
removed
(rimvd)
rent
(rnid)
repaired
(riprd)
repeated
(riprid)
replaced
(riplist)
20
GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
MEANING
pulling
tirar de
pumping
bombear
punishing
castigar
pushing
empujar
queueing
hacer cola
raining
llover
raising
levantar
reaching
alcanzar
realising
darse cuenta
receiving
recibir
recognising
reconocer
recording
grabar
reducing
reducir
reflecting
reflejar
refusing
rechazar
regretting
lamentarse
relaxing
relajarse
releasing
soltar
relying
transmitir
remaining
permanecer
recordar
remembering
reminding
acordarse de
removing
eliminar
renting
alquilar
repairing
reparar
repeating
repetir
replacing
reemplazar
reply
(repli)
report
(riprt)
reproduce
(riprodis)
request
(rikust)
rescue
(rskiu)
retire
(ritir)
return
(ritrn)
rhyme
(rim)
rinse
(rins)
risk
(risk)
rob
(rb)
row
(ru)
rub
(rab)
ruin
(rin)
rule
(rul)
sack
(sak)
sail
(sil)
satisfy
(satisfi)
save
(siv)
scream
(skrim)
screw
(skru)
seal
(sil)
search
(serch)
separate
(spareit)
serve
(serv)
settle
(setl)
THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR
replies
reports
reproduces
resquests
rescues
retires
returns
rhymes
rinses
risks
robs
rows
rubs
ruins
rules
sacks
sails
satisfies
saves
screams
screws
seals
searches
separates
serves
settles
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST
PAST
PARTICIPLE
replied
(replit)
reported
(riprid)
Reproduced
(riprodist)
requested
(rikustid)
rescued
(rskiud)
retired
(ritird)
returned
(ritrnd)
rhymed
(rimd)
rinsed
(rinst)
risked
(riskt)
robbed
(rbd)
rowed
(rud)
rubbed
(rbd)
ruined
(rind)
ruled
(ruld)
sacked
(sakt)
Sailed
(sild)
satisfied
(satisfid)
replied
(replit)
reported
(riprid)
Reproduced
(riprodist)
requested
(rikustid)
rescued
(rskiud)
retired
(ritird)
returned
(ritrnd)
rhymed
(rimd)
rinsed
(rinst)
risked
(riskt)
robbed
(rbd)
rowed
(rud)
rubbed
(rbd)
ruined
(rind)
ruled
(ruld)
sacked
(sakt)
sailed
(sild)
satisfied
(satisfid)
saved (sivd)
screamed
(skrimd)
screwed
(skrud)
sealed
(sild)
searched
(sercht)
separated
(spareirid)
served
(servd)
settled
(setld)
saved
(sivd)
screamed
(skrimd)
screwed
(skrud)
sealed
(sild)
searched
(sercht)
separated
(spareirid)
served
(servd)
settled
(setld)
21
GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
MEANING
replying
responder
reporting
informar
reproducir
reproducing
requesting
solicitar
rescueing
rescatar
retiring
jubilarse
returning
regresar
rhyming
rimar
rinssing
enjuagar
risking
arriesgar
robbing
robar
rowing
remar
rubbing
frotar
ruining
arruinar
ruling
regir, dominar
sacking
despedir
sailing
navegar
satisfying
satisfacer
saving
salvar, ahorrar,
guardar
screaming
gritar
screwing
atornillar
sealing
sellar
searching
buscar
separeting
separar
serving
servir
settling
establecer
share
(sher)
shave
(shiv)
shelter
(shlter)
shop
(shop)
sigh
(si)
sign
(sin)
signal
(sgnal)
sin
(sn)
ski
(ski)
skip
(skp)
slip
(slp)
slow
(slu)
smell
(smel)
smile
(smil)
smoke
(smuk)
sneeze
(sniz)
snore
(snor)
snow
(snu)
soak
(suk)
sound
(sund)
spell
(spel)
spill
(spil)
spoil
(spil)
spray
(spri)
start
(start)
stay
(sti)
stop
(stop)
THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR
shares
shaves
shelters
shops
sighs
signs
signals
sins
skis
skips
slips
slows
smells
smiles
smokes
sneezes
snores
snows
soaks
sounds
spells
spills
spoils
sprays
starts
stays
stops
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST
shared
(sherd)
shaved
(shivd)
sheltered
(shlterd)
shopped
(shpt)
sighed
(sid)
signed
(sind)
signalled
(sgnald)
sinned
(snd)
skied
(skid)
skipped
(skpt)
slipped
(slpt)
slowed
(slud)
smelled
(smeld)
smiled
(smild)
smoked
(smukt)
sneezed
(snizd)
snored
(snord)
snowed
(snud)
soaked
(sukt)
sounded
(sundid)
spelled
(speld)
spilled
(spild)
spoiled
(spild)
sprayed
(sprid)
started
(strid)
stayed
(stid)
stopped
(stpt)
PAST
PARTICIPLE
shared
(sherd)
shaved
(shivd)
sheltered
(shlterd)
shopped
(shpt)
sighed
(sid)
signed
(sind)
signalled
(sgnald)
sinned
(snd)
skied
(skid)
skipped
(skpt)
slipped
(slpt)
slowed
(slud)
smelled
(smeld)
smiled
(smild)
smoked
(smukt)
sneezed
(snizd)
snored
(snord)
snowed
(snud)
soaked
(sukt)
sounded
(sundid)
spelled
(speld)
spilled
(spild)
spoiled
(spild)
sprayed
(sprid)
started
(strid)
stayed
(stid)
stopped
(stpt)
22
GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
MEANING
sharing
compartir
shaving
sheltering
afeitarse
proteger,
resguardar
shopping
comprar
sighing
suspirar
signing
firmar
signaling
hacer seales
sinning
pecar
skiing
esquiar
skipping
saltearse
slipping
slowing
deslizarse
disminuir la
velocidad
smelling
oler
smiling
sonrer
smoking
fumar
sneezing
estornudar
snoring
roncar
snowing
nevar
soaking
empapar
sounding
sonar
spelling
deletrear
spilling
derramar
spoiling
malcriar
spraying
vaporizar
arrancar,
comenzar
quedarse,
permanecer
pararse,
detenerse
starting
staying
stopping
store
(stor)
stretch
(strech)
succeed
(saksd)
suffer
(sfer)
suggest
(sadzst)
supply
(sapli)
support
(saprt)
suppose
(supus)
surprise
(supriz)
surround
(surund)
suspect
(saspkt)
suspend
(saspnd)
switch
(such)
talk
(tok)
taste
(tist)
tease
(tiz)
telephone
(tlefoun)
tempt
(tempt)
terrify
(trrifai)
test
(test)
thank
(senk)
tick
(tik)
tidy
(tidi)
tie
(ti)
tip
(tp)
touch
(tach)
tow
(tu)
THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR
stores
stretches
succeeds
suffers
suggests
supplies
supports
supposes
surprises
surrounds
suspects
suspends
switches
talks
tastes
teases
telephones
tempts
terrifies
tests
thanks
ticks
tidies
ties
tips
touches
tows
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST
stored
(stord)
stretched
(strecht)
succeeded
(saksdid)
suffered
(sferd)
suggested
(sadzstid)
supplied
(saplid)
supported
(saprid)
supposed
(supust)
surprised
(suprizd)
surrounded
(surunid)
suspected
(saspktid)
suspended
(saspnid)
switched
(sucht)
talked
(tokt)
tasted
(tistid)
teased
(tizd)
telephoned
(tlefound)
tempted
(tmptid)
terrified
(trri-fid)
tested
(tstid)
thanked
(senkt)
ticked
(tikt)
tidied
(tidid)
tied
(tid)
tipped
(tpt)
touched
(tacht)
towed
(tud)
PAST
PARTICIPLE
stored
(stord)
stretched
(strecht)
succeeded
(saksdid)
suffered
(sferd)
suggested
(sadzstid)
supplied
(saplid)
supported
(saprid)
supposed
(supust)
surprised
(suprizd)
surrounded
(surunid)
suspected
(saspktid)
suspended
(saspnid)
switched
(sucht)
talked
(tokt)
tasted
(tistid)
teased
(tizd)
telephoned
(tlefound)
tempted
(tmptid)
terrified
(trri-fid)
tested
(tstid)
thanked
(senkt)
ticked
(tikt)
tidied
(tidid)
tied
(tid)
tipped
(tpt)
touched
(tacht)
towed
(tud)
23
GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
MEANING
storing
almacenar
stretching
estirar
succeeding
tener xito
suffering
sufrir
suggesting
sugerir
supplying
proveer
supporting
apoyar
supposing
suponer
surprising
sorprender
Surrounding
rodear
suspecting
sospechar
suspending
switching
colgar
cambiar,
enchufar
talking
conversar
tasting
telephoning
saborear
tomar el pelo,
atormentar
llamar por
telfono
tempting
tentar
terrifying
aterrorizar
testing
comprobar
thanking
agradecer
ticking
tildar, marcar
tidying
ordenar
tying
atar
tipping
dar propina
touching
tocar
towing
remolcar
teasing
trade
(trid)
train
(trin)
transport
(transprt)
travel
(trvel)
tremble
(trembl)
trust
(trast)
try
(tri)
turn
(tern)
twist
(tust)
type
(tip)
use
(iz)
vanish
(vnish)
visit
(vsit)
wait
(wit)
walk
(wok)
want
(wont)
warn
(worn)
wash
(wosh)
waste
(wist)
watch
(woch)
weigh
(wi)
welcome
(wlkam)
whisper
(wsper)
whistle
(wisl)
wipe
(wip)
wish
(wish)
THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR
trades
trains
transports
travels
trembles
trusts
tries
turns
twists
types
uses
vanishes
visits
waits
walks
wants
warns
washes
wastes
watches
weighs
welcomes
whispers
whistles
wipes
wishes
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST
PAST
PARTICIPLE
traded
(tridid)
trained
(trind)
transported
(transprid)
travelled
(trveld)
trembled
(trembld)
trusted
(trstid)
tried
(trid)
turned
(ternd)
twisted
(tustid)
typed
(tipt)
used
(izd)
vanished
(vnisht)
visited
(vsirid)
waited
(wirid)
walked
(wokt)
wanted
(wnid)
warned
(wornd)
washed
(wosht)
wasted
(wistid)
watched
(wocht)
weighed
(wirid)
welcomed
(wlkamd)
traded
(tridid)
trained
(trind)
transported
(transprid)
travelled
(trveld)
trembled
(trembld)
trusted
(trstid)
tried
(trid)
turned
(ternd)
twisted
(tustid)
typed
(tipt)
used
(izd)
vanished
(vnisht)
visited
(vsirid)
waited
(wirid)
walked
(wokt)
wanted
(wnid)
warned
(wornd)
washed
(wosht)
wasted
(wistid)
watched
(wocht)
weighed
(wirid)
welcomed
(wlkamd)
whispered
(wsperd)
whistle
(wisld)
wiped
(wipt)
wished
(wisht)
whispered
(wsperd)
whistle
(wisld)
wiped
(wipt)
wished
(wisht)
24
GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
trading
training
MEANING
comerciar,
negociar
entrenar
transportar
transporting
travelling
viajar
trembling
temblar
trusting
confiar
trying
tratar, intentar
volver, dar
vuelta
turning
twisting
typing
doblar
escribir a
mquina
using
Usar
vanishing
desaparecer
visiting
visitar
waiting
esperar
walking
caminar
wanting
querer
warning
advertir
washing
wasting
lavar
gastar,
desperdiciar
watching
vigilar
weighing
welcoming
pesar
agradecer,
recibir,
dar la
bienvenida,
whispering
susurrar
whistle
silbar
wiping
limpiar, secar
wishing
desear
wonder
(wnder)
work
(werk)
worry
(uri)
yawn
(in)
yell
(il)
zoom
(zum)
THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR
wonders
works
worries
yawn
yells
zooms
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST
wondered
(wnderd)
worked
(werkt)
worried
(urid)
yawned
(ind)
yelled
(ild)
zoomed
(zumd)
PAST
PARTICIPLE
wondered
(wnderd)
worked
(werkt)
worried
(urid)
yawned
(ind)
yelled
(ild)
zoomed
(zumd)
25
GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
MEANING
wondering
imaginarse,
preguntarse
working
trabajar
worrying
preocuparse
yawning
bostezar
yelling
gritar
pasar muy
rpido, acercar
zooming
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
Main idea: Events with no particular time, for example: general truths, complete
events and unchanging situations in present time.
Infinitive
I
You
We
They
like
ice-cream.
He
She
It
I
You
We
They
likes
do not
ice-cream.
like
ice-cream.
Infinitive
He
She
It
does not
like
26
icecream.
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
I
You
We
They
Do
Does
he
she
it
like
like
27
ice-cream?
ice-cram?
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
danced
wrote
28
a poem yesterday.
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
You
He
She
It
We
They
did not
dance
Infinitive
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
Did
did not
you
he
she
it
we
they
write
write
a poem yesterday.
a poem yesterday ?
Infinitive
Did
you
he
she
it
we
they
dance
29
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
am
He
She
It
is
You
We
They
watching
swimming
are
writing
TV at the moment.
now.
He
Sh
e
It
You
We
They
am not
is not
are not
watching
swimming
writing
30
TV at the moment.
no
w.
Is
Are
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
he
she
it
you
we
they
swimming
writing
31
now ?
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
I
He
She
It
was
swimming
yesterday ?
You
We
They
were
I
He
She
It
writing
was not
swimming
yesterday.
You
We
They
Was
were not
he
she
it
writing
swimming
yesterday ?
Were
you
we
they
writing
32
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
Main idea: Suggest certainty; starting what you know will happen.
I
You
We
They
He
She
It
Infinitive
will
I
You
We
They
He
She
It
Will
arrive
late.
Infinitive
will not
you
we
they
he
she
it
arrive
late.
Infinitive
arrive
33
late ?
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
am
He
She
It
You
We
They
going to
is
are
am not
He
She
It
You
We
They
watch
going to
going
going to
is not
are not
tv in the afternoon.
swim
write
watch
going to
going to
34
the letter
tomorrow.
tv in the afternoon.
swim
write
at 10
o'clock.
at 10
o'clock.
the letter
tomorrow.
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
Is
he
she
it
Are
you
we
they
going to
swim
going to
writing
35
the letter ?
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
Main idea: Connects the past with the present: Completed or unchanging actions
or events. Notice that this tense cannot generally be used when a reference to a
particular point or period (last week, in January, at 3 a.m.) is given or is possible.
I
You
We
They
He
She
It
have
studied
french.
has
drunk
some wine.
I
You
We
They
have not
studied
french.
He
She
It
has not
drunk
some wine.
Have
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
you
we
they
studied
french?
Has
he
she
it
drunk
some wine?
37
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
Main idea: Complete actions or events that happened before another point in the
past.
I
You
We
They
had
studied
french.
He
She
It
had
drunk
some wine.
I
You
We
They
had not
studied
french.
He
She
It
had not
drunk
some wine.
Had
W. A. Arohuanca Q.
you
we
they
studied
french?
Had
he
she
it
drunk
39
some wine?