Analyse Essay Question
Analyse Essay Question
Analyse Essay Question
Thisbookletlooksat,howtoanalyseyouressayquestion.OtherLearningCentrebooklets
inthisseriesdealwiththeotheraspects:
AnalyticalWriting
PlanningandStructuringanEssay
DevelopingandSupportinganArgument dealswithpersuasion
dealswiththedifferencebetween
analyticalanddescriptivewriting
dealswithlogicalstructures
readingFacultyhandbooks,whichwilloftengiveinformationaboutthedisciplinary
expectations.SomeFacultieshaveprovidedspecialpublicationstohelpfirstyear
studentswithwritingtheiressays.
readinginthesubjectasmuchaspossible,whichwillhelpyouunderstandthe
technicallanguageandthestyleconventionsoftheparticularsubjectarea.
Thisbookletwillhelpyoudevelopusefulstrategiesforanalysingessayquestions.In
1
particular,itaims
toexplorethefunctionsofdifferentsectionsofthequestion
toanalysetheinstructionsofthequestion
tolookattherelationshipbetweeninstructionsandstructureofaresponse
2. Essay Questions
Essaytopicsareusuallysetbysubjectteachersinfirstyear.Althoughmanytopicsarenot
phrasedasquestionswewillusetheterm'essayquestion'.Lateryoumayhaveanessay
whereyouarerequiredtodevelopyourownquestion,whichismuchmoredifficultthanit
sounds.Setquestionsareusuallywritteninordertojudgeyourabilitytounderstanda
topicortheme,andtorelategeneralideastospecificapplications(orviceversa).Inorder
todemonstratethatyoucandothesethingsyoumustbeableto
correctlyidentifythefocusofthequestion
dealwithitconsistentlyandwithinthetermsoftheessayanddiscipline
That is, you must answer the set question.
Exercise 1
Firstyearstudentswereaskedtowriteanessayonthefollowingquestion:
The science of ergonomics is central to good modern design. Discuss this statement.
Abouthalfofthegroupwroteessaysthatansweredthisquestionappropriately.Theother
halfwroteessayswhichreallyansweredotherquestions.Readtheessayextractsbelowand
matcheachessayextractwiththequestionitappearstobeanswering.Writethelettersa)
d)intheboxes.
Essay extracts:
a)
Ergonomics is important in design as it can cut down workloads and the energy needed to
perform a task.
During the industrial revolution, the word "ergonomics" had a rather negative implication
about it. .... However, the word has taken on a different meaning through time.
Whilst the statement seems straight forward enough I take issue with the words "modern"
and "good".
If we were to design a chair we should have an understanding of the purpose of
the chair will it be used for work or just to sit on and eat.
b)
c)
d)
Essay questions:
[
[
[
]
]
]
What is ergonomics?
Elementsoftheseresponsesareofcourserelevanttotheoriginalquestion,butthese
studentsincorrectlyidentifiedthemainfocusrequired,whichwastotakeapositiononthe
statementanddiscussevidencetosupportthepositiontaken.
Possiblepositionsthatmaybetakenontheabovestatementare:
thatthescienceofergonomics
2.1
[is
[isnot
[maybe
]
]
]
centraltogoodmoderndesign
Somedisciplinessetessayquestionsrequiringdescriptiveresponses.Forexample,
Outline the characteristics and behavioural significance of European Upper Palaeolithic art.
(Archeology)
Theremayalsobesomesectionsofyouressaywhereyouwillwritedescriptively.However,
mostdiscipines,especiallyintheArts,HumanitiesandSocialSciences,willsetessay
questionsthatinvolvetheprocessofanalysis.
Analysis is the process of
breaking down a topic/concept/group of facts into components or categories
Forexample,anessayquestionsuchas
How does play contribute to the development of the primary school-aged child?
(Education)
requiresyouto
understandwhatismeantbythetwokeyconceptsofplayanddevelopment
identifydifferenttypesofplay,forexample,boardgames,groupgames,solitary
play,imaginativeplay,...
organisethesedifferenttypesofplayintologicalgroupingsorcategoriesforyour
discussion,forexample,insideversusoutsideplay,groupversussolitaryplay,
organisedversusspontaneousplayandsoon
identifydifferentareasofdevelopment,forexample,social,cognitive,emotional,
physical,languageandpsychologicaldevelopmentandsoon
thenbyreferringtotheresearchliteratureshowhow(=inwhatways)thedifferent
categoriesofplaycontributetodifferentareasofdevelopment.
- { inside
- { outside
Categories
of Play
- { group
- { solitary
Areas of
Development
- { organised
- { spontaneous
- {social
- {cognitive
- {emotional
- {physical
- {language
- {psychological
[For more practice in setting up analytical categories and in understanding the difference between
descriptive and analytical writing see the Learning Centre Booklet, Analytical Writing].
Thedemandsoftheessayquestionsusuallyinvolveotherprocessesaswell,sometimes
argumentationtosupportaposition,oftenevaluation.Theremaybeacontroversyinvolved
wherethereisnoonerightanswer.Thusthereareanumberofprocessesthatmayoverlap
accordingtotherequirementsoftheessayquestion.
Essayquestionsrequiringanalysismayalsoinvolvesome(orall)ofthefollowing
processes.
PROCESS/TYPE
PURPOSE
EXPLANATION
INTERPRETATION
EVALUATION
ARGUMENTATION
(Adapted from Martin, J. R. & Peters, P. [1985] "On the analysis of exposition" in Hasan, R. (Ed)
Discourse on Discourse, ALAA Occasional Papers, No. 7, p. 88.)
Letslookatsomeexamplesofeachoftheabove.
EXPLANATION
Why was the early 19th century so important for the development of archaeology?
(Archaeology)
Thisessayquestionassumesthatthe19thcenturywasveryimportantinthe
developmentofarchaeologyandisaskingyoutoexplainwhyitwassoimportant,
4
andtogiveyourreasonsforeachofthepointsmadeorissuesraised.
INTERPRETATION
'Jemma (aged 14 years) fights a lot with her parents but not with her friends. She used to
be a keen student but now seems to have lost interest in both her school studies (she
wants to leave school next year) and outside school activities. She does however take a
passionate interest in the environment and in boys.'
Interpret these behaviours in the light of Erikson's stage theory on adolesence.
(Education)
Thisessayquestionisaskingyoutointerpretparticularbehavioursinabriefcase
studyofanadolescentintermsofErikson'stheoryonadolescence.
EVALUATION
Evaluate the role of J.S.Mills in the transition from Classical, Political Economy to Modern
Economics, with particular reference to value and distribution.
(Economics)
Thisessayquestionisaskingyoutomakeajudgementonthecontributionmade
byJ.S.Millsgivingthereasonsforyourjudgement.Bymakingajudgementyou
arealsotakingapositionthatheplayedamajorroleoraminorone.
ARGUMENTATION
Nursing practice has been crucial in preventing the spread of disease. Do you agree?
(Nursing)
Thisessayquestionisaskingyoutodiscusstherelationshipbetweennursing
practiceandthepreventionofthespreadofdisease.Youwouldselectandshow
howdifferentexamplesofnursingpracticeshavepreventedthespreadofdisease/s
andyouwouldtakeapositiononthisrelationship,i.e.thatnursingpracticehas
beencrucialorhasnotbeencrucialinpreventingthespreadofdisease.
Intheaboveexamples,briefdescriptionshavebeenprovidedtoguideyouonwhatwould
beapossibleresponsetoeachoftheessayquestions.
Thisbookletcannotprovideyouwithdefinitiveanswersforallthedifferentkindsofessay
questionsthatmaybeset.Intheaboveexamples,theremaybeotherpossibleresponses.
Inaddition,yourtaskofansweringanessayquestionmaybemademoredifficultbybeing
setanessayquestionwhichisstatedinsuchawaythatitisnotclearwhattherequirements
are.
If you are in doubt about your interpretation of an essay question please check with your
tutor or lecturer.
5
Thetypeofresponserequiredcanbechangedbymakingfairlysmallchangestothe
wordingofaquestion.
Forexample,let'slookatthefirstessayquestionabove.
Why was the early 19th century so important for the development of archaeology?
Byrewordingthisquestionitcouldbechangedfromanessayrequiringexplanationto:
one requiring evaluation where you are asked to make a judgement on the
importanceoftheearly19thcenturyandpossiblytotakeaposition.
How important was the early 19th century for the development of archaeology?
onerequiringanargumentwhereyouareaskedtotakeaposition,suchas(a)itwas
veryimportantor(b)itwasnotveryimportantor(c)itwasveryimportantinsome
waysandnotinotherways.
The early 19th century was very important for the development of archaeology. Discuss.
Exercise 2
Belowisoneoftheessayquestionsyouhavealreadylookedat.Initspresentformit
requiresaresponseofargumentation.Writetwonewessayquestionsbychangingthe
requirementofargumentationtoonesthatprimarilyrequire
a)
aresponseofexplanation
b)
aresponseofevaluation
Nursing practice has been crucial in preventing the spread of disease. Do you agree?
(Nursing)
Other considerations
a)
Ahighlyvaluedresponsetotheseessayquestionsrequiresotherconsiderations.As
mentionedearliereachdisciplinehasitsownwayofseeingtheworld.Thismeansthateach
disciplinediffersinthewayitorganisesknowledge,inthetheoreticalperspectivesand
modelsitdevelops,theproblemsitidentifiesassignificant,theresearchmethodologiesit
usesandsoon.
Itispartofyourtasktounderstandandlearnthese'rules'andrespondinwaysthatare
highlyvaluedbyyourdiscipline.So,inapersuasiveessayyouwanttoconvinceyour
readerthattheargumentyoudevelop(andtheevidenceyouprovidetosupportyour
argument)arevalidandsignificantwithinyourfieldofstudy.
b)
Challenging assumptions
Youcanalsochallenge/questiontheassumptionsinanessayquestionifthereisevidence
tosupportyourchallenge.Forexampleintheessayquestionbelowyoucanchallenge(if
youhavetheevidencetosupportthechallenge)theassumptionthattheearly19thcenturyis
soimportantandarguethatitwasofnogreaterimportance(oroflesserimportance)than
otherperiods.
Why was the early 19th century so important for the development of archaeology?
(Archaeology)
Exercise 3
Examineanessayquestionsetinoneofyourcoursesanddecidewhichoftheabove
processesareinvolvedandwhatotherconsiderationsmightbeinvolved.
Remember: if you are currently working on an essay and you are unsure if you have
correctly identified the processes involved, check with your tutor or lecturer.
2.2
Manyquestionsareframedasstatements,ratherthanquestions.Somearequite
straightforward,othersareverycomplex.
ConsiderthefollowingessayquestionfromthefieldofEducation.
It has been cited with alarm that modern children spend more hours in front of television
than they spend at school. Is this necessarily cause for alarm? By examining the
relevant research literature, critically discuss the effects of television on children with
7
Belowisthebreakdownofthisquestionthewordingfallsinto4sections,eachwitha
differentfunction:
SECTION
FUNCTION
1.
It has been cited with alarm that modern children spend more
hours in front of television than they spend at school.
orientation to topic
2.
proposition
3.
instruction
4.
scope
Thisessayquestionisaskingyoutopresentandjustifyavaluejudgementandtotakea
positiononthepropositionsuchas(a)yes,itiscauseforalarmor(b)no,itisnotcausefor
alarmor(c)maybesometimesitis/sometimesitisnot....
Thepositionyoutakewilldependuponthesupportforitintheresearchliterature.Itis
sometimeshardertoargueandsupportanextremeposition,especiallywhenresearch
reportsmixedandinconsistentresultsandwhenareasgeneratecontroversialdebatesinthe
literature.Inthesesituationsitmaybemorevalidtotakeamiddleposition.
Intheaboveexampleyourdiscussionontheeffectsoftelevisiononchildrenandthe
positionyoutakewillalsodependuponyourselectionofthetypeoftelevisionprogramme
(scope).Belowaresomeexamplesofhowscopemayinfluenceposition.
SCOPE
POSITION TAKEN
Theessayquestioncanalsosuggestthestructureoftheanswer.
Thestructureoftheaboveessaymightlooklikethis:
Introduction:
Statetopic,propositionandscope
Body:
Reasons/evidence1,2...etctosupportyourposition
Dismisscounterpositionsusingreasons/evidence1,2...etc
[Ifyouselectmorethanonearea,youwillhavetodothisforeach].
Conclusion:
Sumup,restateproposition
Exercise 4
Breakdownthefollowingquestionsintosections,anddecidethefunctionofeach.
a)
(Architecture)
FUNCTION
Howdoesthequestioninfluencethestructureoftheanswer?
b)
(History)
FUNCTION
Howdoesthequestioninfluencethestructureoftheanswer?
c)
(Anthropology)
FUNCTION
Howdoesthequestioninfluencethestructureoftheanswer?
Remember: there is not one correct approach to questions such as these. There are often
several structures which could adequately address the different parts of the question.
2.3
Wearegoingtolookmorecloselyatwhattheassignmentrequiresyoutodo.Itcanbeseen
bytheaboveexamplesthattheremaybemorethanonesetofinstructions.Itisimportant
whenyouareansweringthequestiontomakesureyouaddressallinstructions.
Generallythereareseveralelementsthatcanhelpyou:
Instructionwords:e.g.discuss,compareandcontrast,evaluate,explain
Note:
a) sometimestheinstructionisnotstatedbutimplied,
e.g. Whatistheimportanceofresearchintothelinguisticcapabilitiesof
apes?=explaintheimportance.
e.g. HowskillfullydoesDanteportraytheactingofFrancescadaRimini?
=evaluatetheextentofhisskill.
b) aninstructioncanbeaffectedbythecontentofthequestion,e.g.'discuss',can
coveravarietyofmeaningsfromafactual'describe'to'evaluate'.
Contentwords:keyterms
e.g. ourcategoriesof'nature'and'culture',architecturaluse,witchcraft
phenomenon,effectsoftelevisiononchildren
Note:thesetermsusuallyneedtobedefined.
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Valueladenwords:
e.g. wordsimplyingnegativeorpositiveemphasis:
"Thisdeadbutcher..."doyouagreewithMalcolm'sdescriptionofMacbeth?
(EnglishLiterature)
e.g. wordsimplyingascaleofdegreeorimportance:
"Thescienceofergonomicsiscentraltogoodmoderndesign."Discussthis
statement.
(Architecture)
Note:thesewordsusuallyindicatethatanevaluativeorargumentativestanceis
required.
Exercise 5
Answerthesequestionsinthespaceprovidednexttothe5essayquestionsbelow.
a)
b)
c)
d)
whataretheinstructionwordsorimpliedinstructionsandthecontentwords?
doanyofthetermsneedtobedefined?
arethereanyvalueladenwords?
whataretheimplicationsforthestructureoftheresponse?
a)
b)
c)
d)
a)
b)
c)
d)
a)
b)
c)
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d)
a)
b)
c)
d)
a)
b)
c)
d)
Exercise 6
Belowareanumberofessayquestionsandextractsfromstudents'essays.Identifywhether
eachresponseis"answering"or"notanswering"thesetquestion.Giveyourreasons.
Question 1 (Education)
Design the ideal school, ideal curriculum and ideal teacher for adolescents,
justifying yourself each step of the way by argument and reference to research.
Essay extract (the introduction)
Before designing the ideal school, ideal curriculum and ideal teacher for
adolescents, it must be realized that such a school as a whole has to exist and
function in society as it is today. Therefore instead of using ideas which could be
deemed to be too idealistic to succeed, I have chosen designs which I feel could
operate successfully in society and benefit everyone as a unit, not just selected
individuals.
Theextractisanswering/notansweringthequestion(circletheappropriateone)
Reason(s)
12
Question 2 (Government)
What are the main differences between pluralist and elitist analyses of power
distribution in liberal democracies?
Essay extract (the conclusion)
The pluralist and elitist approach to politics support contrasting theories. They
differ in many ways: about how power is distributed, who holds power, who
holds resources of politics (potential power), who successfully uses these
resources, who tries to protect the existing system of government, the role of
government in society and in the economy, even their views of human nature
are distinctively different. On one aspect that they do agree is that in modern
liberal democracies there exists great inequality in the distribution of power,
and that real politics is not what the classical definition of democracy sets it out
to be.
Theextractisanswering/notansweringthequestion(circletheappropriateone)
Reason(s)
Question 3 (History)
The unification of Italy owed more to Cavour that Garibaldi. Discuss.
Essay extract (the introduction)
The fate of unifying Italy lay on the shoulders of the two greatest figures in
Italian history, namely Count Camillo de Cavour and Guiseppe Garibaldi. Yet
the question to consider is who contributed more to the unification. Was it
Cavour's diplomatic and political skills that made him so influential in the
process of unification by achieving the development of a strongly founded
government and monarch? Or was it Garibaldi's initiative that brought North
and South together through his military conquests and development of Italian
patriotism?
The essay will argue that both great figures had an equal influence upon the
unification process. .....
Theextractisanswering/notansweringthequestion(circletheappropriateone)
Reason(s)
13
Question 4 (Sociology)
What can the concept 'culture' contribute to our understanding of society?
Essay extract (the introduction)
The concept of culture can contribute to our understanding of how social order
is maintained in a society. With the concept of culture one can better
understand that the behaviour of a society is learned. It can give insight into
why there are so many different societies operating in different ways, or on the
other hand, why societies are so similar. The concept of culture can help one to
comprehend why a society may disintegrate.
Theextractisanswering/notansweringthequestion(circletheappropriateone)
Reason(s)
14
Areyourequiredtowritedescriptivelyand/oranalyticallyinorderto
respondadequately?Areyoubeingaskedforanexplanation,an
interpretation,anevaluationand/orargumentationinyourresponseto
theessayquestion?
Whatcanyoupredictabouttheessaystructurefromthisanalysis?
Areassumptionsmadeintheessayquestion?Doyouhaveevidencethat
allowsyoutochallengeanyassumptionsmade?
15
16
KEY TO EXERCISES
Exercise 1
The science of ergonomics is central to good modern design. Discuss this statement.
Readtheessayextractsbelowandmatcheachextractwiththequestion.
Extracts
Questions
What is ergonomics?
Exercise 2
Nursing practice has been crucial in preventing the spread of disease. Do you agree?
(Nursing)
a)
Aquestionrequiringaresponseofexplanationmightbe:
Whyhasnursingpracticebeensocrucialinpreventingthespreadofdisease?
b)
Possiblequestionsrequiringaresponseofevaluationmightbe:
Evaluatetheroleplayedbynursingpracticeinpreventingthespreadofdisease.
or
Howcrucialhasnursingpracticebeeninpreventingthespreadofdisease?
17
Exercise 4
a)
(Architecture)
FUNCTION
Instruction 1
Instruction 2
Instruction 3
Theprocess/typemightbe:
Analysis
scope (choice)
Instruction 1
scope (choice)
Instruction 2
Proposition
Instruction 3
In this essay you would select and reorganise information on the architectural use of decoration
in the structural system/s you have chosen showing the similarities and differences using
examples from 3 historical periods.
Thestructureoftheanswermightbe:
Introduction:
Body:
Conclusion:
b)
(History)
FUNCTION
Do historians working on the witchcraft phenomenon as
it appeared in different areas of Europe come to the
same conclusions as to its nature and causes? / Use
the documents and two historians, one from any two
Proposition to
be addressed
Instruction scope (choice)
Theprocesses/typesmightbe:
Analysis,argumentation
In this essay you would select and reorganise information about the nature and the causes of
witchcraft in different parts of Europe and compare and judge the positions taken by historians.
You will probably take a position such as (a) yes, they do, (b) no, they do not, or (c) maybe some do, some do not, and give your reasons .
Thestructureoftheanswermightbe:
Introduction
Body:
Conclusion:
c)
(Anthropology)
FUNCTION
Using the Andean region as your ethnographic focus,
Instruction /
proposition to
Instruction - scope
Instruction - scope
Instruction - resources
Instruction - approach
Theprocesses/typesmightbe:
Instruction - concluding
analysis
Analysis,interpretation
This essay question is asking you (a) to show how our categories of nature / culture would be
interpreted within another framework, the belief system(s) of other peoples, and (b) to compare
and contrast the two belief systems. In this essay you could select and reorganise information
about the belief system/s of the peoples from the Andean region and relate these to our
categories of nature / culture, then compare and contrast the two belief systems.
Thestructureoftheanswermightbe:
Introduction:
Body:
Conclusion:
Remember: there is not one correct approach to questions such as these. There are
often several structures which could adequately address the different parts of the
question.
Exercise 5
Considerthesequestionsinrelationtothe5essayquestionsbelow.
19
a)
b)
c)
d)
whataretheinstructionwords/impliedinstructionsandthecontentwords?
doanyofthetermsneedtobedefined?
arethereanyvalueladenwords?
whataretheimplicationsforthestructureoftheresponse?
1.
instruction
word
Analysis,argumentation
Theprocesses/typesmightbe:
Thestructureoftheresponsemightbe:
Introduction
Body:
Conclusion:
instruction words
2.
Theprocesses/typesmightbe:
Analysis,evaluation,argumentation
Thestructureoftheresponsemightbe:
Introduction:
Define the nature /scope / limits of evaluation (ie how true is the
statement?) in terms of the theories.
Body:
Conclusion:
20
implied instruction =
discuss the main
differences between ...
3.
(Politics)
content words need to be defined
Analysis
Theprocess/typemightbe:
Thestructureoftheresponsemightbe:
Introduction:
Body:
Category 1
Category 2
Category 3
Conclusion:
{pluralist
{elitist
{pluralist
{elitist
{pluralist
{elitist
etc
Instruction words
4.
value laden
word
Theprocesses/typesmightbe:
(Sociology)
Analysis,explanation,evaluation,interpretation
Thestructureoftheresponsemightbe:
Introduction:
Body:
Conclusion:
21
implied instruction
= explain how ....
implied instruction
= evaluate the
value laden word
5.
(Social Psychology)
implied instruction
= evaluate to what
extent they can ...
Theprocesses/typesmightbe:
Analysis,explanation,evaluation
Thestructureoftheresponsemightbe:
Introduction:
Body:
Conclusion:
Exercise 6
Belowareanumberofessayquestionsandextractsfromstudents'essays.Identifywhether
eachresponseis"answering"or"notanswering"theirsetquestion.Giveyourreasons.
Question 1 (Education)
Design the ideal school, ideal curriculum and ideal teacher for adolescents, justifying
yourself each step of the way by argument and reference to research.
Essay extract (the introduction)
Before designing the ideal school, ideal curriculum and ideal teacher for adolescents, it
must be realized that such a school as a whole has to exist and function in society as it
is today. Therefore instead of using ideas which could be deemed to be too idealistic to
succeed, I have chosen designs which I feel could operate successfully in society and
benefit everyone as a unit, not just selected individuals.
Comment:
Thisintroductiondoesnotanswerthesetquestion.Themarker'scommentsare;
"Thequestionaskedfortheidealschool.Itisthereforehardlyappropriatetobegin
bysayingthatyoudonotintendtospecifyanidealschool....."
22
Question 2 (Government)
What are the main differences between pluralist and elitist analyses of power
distribution in liberal democracies?
Essay extract (the conclusion)
The pluralist and elitist approach to politics support contrasting theories. They differ in
many ways: about how power is distributed, who holds power, who holds resources of
politics (potential power), who successfully uses these resources, who tries to protect
the existing system of government, the role of government in society and in the
economy, even their views of human nature are distinctively different. On one aspect
that they do agree is that in modern liberal democracies there exists great inequality in
the distribution of power, and that real politics is not what the classical definition of
democracy sets it out to be.
Comment:
Thisextractanswersthequestionset.Itfocusesonthemaindifferencesbetween
thetwoanalysesofpoweraswellasdealingwithsimilaraspects.
Question 3 (History)
The unification of Italy owed more to Cavour that Garibaldi. Discuss.
Essay extract (the introduction)
The fate of unifying Italy lay on the shoulders of the two greatest figures in Italian
history, namely Count Camillo de Cavour and Guiseppe Garibaldi. Yet the question to
consider is who contributed more to the unification. Was it Cavour's diplomatic and
political skills that made him so influential in the process of unification by achieving the
development of a strongly founded government and monarch? Or was it Garibaldi's
initiative that brought North and South together through his military conquests and
development of Italian patriotism?
The essay will argue that both great figures had an equal influence upon the
unification process. .....
Comment:
Thisintroductiondealswiththemainissue,thatofdiscussingwhoofthesetwo
mencontributedmoretotheunificationofItaly.Itisansweringthequestion.
Question 4 (Sociology)
What can the concept 'culture' contribute to our understanding of society?
Essay extract (the introduction)
The concept of culture can contribute to our understanding of how social order is
maintained in a society. With the concept of culture one can better understand that
the behaviour of a society is learned. It can give insight into why there are so many
different societies operating in different ways, or on the other hand, why societies are
so similar. The concept of culture can help one to comprehend why a society may
disintegrate.
Comment:
Theextractisansweringthequestion.Itpresentsanoverviewofthemanyways
thattheconceptofculturecontributestoourunderstandingofsociety.Theseare
23
elaborateduponinthebodyofessay.
24