Tute 6 PDF

Tutorial 6
Chapter 8 Capital Budgeting Process and Decision Criteria

Q8-1. Can you name some industries where the payback period is unavoidably long?
A8-1. Payback period is unavoidably long in industries with long-lasting projects, for example,
the oil exploration industry, where it might take a long time to find acceptable oil fields
and make them produce. Some agricultural products take a long time for example starting
an apple orchard would have a long payback, waiting for the trees to grow, mature and
finally produce maximum produce.
Q8-4. For a firm that uses the NPV rule to make investment decisions, what consequences result
if the firm misestimates shareholders required returns and consistently applies a discount
rate that is too high?
A8-4. If the firm consistently uses a too high discount rate, then it will reject good project that
would add to shareholder value.
P8-2.
The cash flows associated with three different projects are as follows:
Cash Flows
Initial Outflow
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Alpha
($ in millions)
- 1.5
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.3
Beta
($ in millions)
- 0.4
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
- 0.2
Gamma
($ in millions)
- 7.5
2.0
3.0
2.0
1.5
5.5
a. Calculate the payback period of each investment.

b. Which investments does the firm accept if the cutoff payback period is three years?
Four years?
c. If the firm invests by choosing projects with the shortest payback period, which project
would it invest in?
d. If the firm uses discounted payback with a 15% discount rate and a 4-year cutoff
period, which projects will it accept?
e. One of these almost certainly should be rejected, but might be accepted if the firm uses
payback analysis. Which one?
f. One of these projects almost certainly should be accepted (unless the firms
opportunity cost of capital is very high), but might be rejected if the firm uses payback
analysis. Which one?
A8-2. a. Payback of Alpha = 3.5 years, payback of Beta = 2.5 years, payback of Gamma = 3.3
years
b. If the cutoff is 3 years, then only Beta is acceptable. If the cutoff is 4 years, then all of
the projects are acceptable.
c. Project Beta because its payback of 2.5 years is the shortest.

d. If the firm uses discounted payback with a cutoff of 4 years, then Alpha will not pay
back at all, Beta will pay back in 3.53 years, and Gamma in 4.48 years. This means
only Beta is acceptable.
e. Project Beta should be rejected. You must pay out a total of .6 million and take in .6
million. When there is a time value to money, in other words, a positive interest rate,
this is unacceptable. If cash inflows and outflows are the same, this is a negative net
present value project.
f.
P8-3.
Project Gamma is rejected under payback, but even without discounting, seems to have
a high dollar return for the investment. You pay $7.5 million and receive a total of $14
million in cash inflows. Unless the firm has a very high discount rate, greatly lowering
the value of the last $5.5 million cash flow, this is likely to be an attractive investment.
Kenneth Gould is the general manager at a small-town newspaper that is part of a national
media chain. He is seeking approval from corporate headquarters (HQ) to spend $20,000 to
buy some Macintosh computers and a laser printer to use in designing the layout of his
daily paper. This equipment will be depreciated using the straight line method over four
years. These computers will replace outmoded equipment that will be kept on hand for
emergency use.
HQ requires Kenneth to estimate the cash flows associated with the purchase of new
equipment over a 4-year horizon. The impact of the project on net income is derived by
subtracting depreciation from cash flow each year. The projects average accounting rate of
return equals the average contribution to net income divided by the average book value of
the investment. HQ accepts any project that (1) returns the initial investment within four
years (on a cash flow basis), and (2) has an average accounting rate of return that exceeds
the cost of capital of 15 percent. The following are Kenneths estimates of cash flows:
Cost savings
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Year 1
$7,500
Year 2
$9,100
Year 3
$9,100
Year 4
$9,100
What is the average contribution to net income across all four years?
What is the average book value of the investment?
What is the average accounting rate of return?
What is the payback period of this investment?
Critique the companys method for evaluating investment proposals.
A8-3. a. If the computers are depreciated on a straight-line basis, depreciation will be $5,000
per year for 4 years. Contribution to net income will be:
Year 1
7,500
-5,000
2,500
Year 2
9,100
-5,000
4,100
Year 3
9,100
-5,000
4,100
Year 4
9,100
-5,000
4,100
The average net income is (2,500 + 4,100 + 4,100 + 4,100)/4 = 3,700

b. The average book value of the investment is (20,000 + 0)/2 = $10,000.
c. The average accounting rate of return = Average net income/Average book investment
= 3,700/10,000 = .37 or 37%.
d. The payback period is 2 + 3,400/9,100 = 2.4 years.
e. This is not an appropriate method for evaluating capital budgeting projects. It does not
take time value of money into account, nor does it look at cash flows. It also does not
consider the risk of the project and what would be an appropriate discount rate for the
project's cash flows.
P8-4.
Calculate the net present value (NPV) for the following 20-year projects. Comment on the
acceptability of each. Assume that the firm has an opportunity cost of 14%.
a. Initial cash outlay is $15,000; cash inflows are $13,000 per year.
b. Initial cash outlay is $32,000; cash inflows are $4,000 per year.
c. Initial cash outlay is $50,000; cash inflows are $8,500 per year.
A8-4. a. Project A has CF0 = $15,000, and 20 inflows of $13,000. At a 14% discount rate, its
NPV is $71,100.70. This is positive NPV and an acceptable project.
b. Project B has CF0 = $32,000 and 20 inflows of $4,000. At 14%, its NPV is
$5507.48. This is negative NPV and is not acceptable.
c. Project C has CF0 = $50,000, and 20 inflows of $8,500. At a 14% discount rate, its
NPV is $6,296.61. This is positive NPV and an acceptable project
P8-11. William Industries is attempting to choose the better of two mutually exclusive projects for
expanding the firms production capacity. The relevant cash flows for the projects are
shown in the following table. The firms cost of capital is 15%.
Project A
Year
0
1
2
3
4
5
Project B
Cash Flows
-$550,000
$110,000
132,000
165,000
209,000
275,000
-$358,000
$154,000
132,000
105,000
77,000
55,000
a. Calculate the IRR for each of the projects.

b. Assess the acceptability of each project based on the IRRs found in part (a).
c. Which project is preferred, based on the IRRs found in part (a)?
A8-11. a. Project
IRR
A
15.7%
B
17.3%
b. With a cost of capital of 15%, both projects are acceptable.
c. Project B has a higher IRR, and is preferred to Project A, based on the IRR criterion.
P8-19. Reynolds Enterprises is attempting to evaluate the feasibility of investing $85,000, CF0, in
a machine having a 5-year life. The firm has estimated the cash inflows associated with the
proposal as shown below. The firm has a 12% cost of capital.
Year
1
2
3
4
5
a.
b.
c.
d.
A8-19. a.
b.
c.
d.
Cash Flows
$18,000
$22,500
$27,000
$31,500
$36,000
Calculate the payback period for the proposed investment.

Calculate the NPV for the proposed investment.
Calculate the IRR for the proposed investment.
Evaluate the acceptability of the proposed investment using NPV and IRR. What
recommendation would you make relative to implementation of the project? Why?
The payback period is 3.56 years
NPV is $8,672.54
IRR is 15.6%
This project is acceptable by both NPV and IRR criteria. It has a positive NPV and its
IRR is greater than its hurdle rate of 12%.

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Tutorial 6

Chapter 8 Capital Budgeting Process and Decision Criteria

a. Calculate the payback period of each investment.

c. Project Beta because its payback of 2.5 years is the shortest.

The average net income is (2,500 + 4,100 + 4,100 + 4,100)/4 = 3,700

a. Calculate the IRR for each of the projects.

Calculate the payback period for the proposed investment.

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