Astm B88
Astm B88
Astm B88
1. Scope *
1.1 This specification covers Copper UNS No. C12200
seamless copper water tube suitable for general plumbing,
similar applications for the conveyance of fluids, and commonly used with solder, flared, or compression-type fittings.
The type of copper water tube suitable for any particular
application is determined by the internal or external fluid
pressure, by the installation and service conditions, and by
local requirements. Means of joining or bending are also
factors which affect the selection of the type of tube to be
used.2
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on date
of material purchase form a part of this specification to the
extent referenced herein:
2.2 ASTM Standards:
B 32 Specification for Solder Metal3
B 88M Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube
[Metric]4
B 153 Test Method for Expansion (Pin Test) of Copper and
Copper-Alloy Pipe and Tubing4
B 601 Practice for Temper Designations for Copper and
Copper AlloysWrought and Cast4
B 813 Specification for Liquid and Paste Fluxes for Soldering Applications of Copper and Copper Alloy Tube4
B 828 Practice for Making Capillary Joints by Soldering of
Copper and Copper Alloy Tube and Fittings4
E 2 Methods of Preparation of Micrographs of Metals and
Alloys5
E 3 Practice for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens6
E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials6
E 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell
Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials6
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications7
E 53 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper8
E 55 Practice for Sampling Wrought Nonferrous Metals and
Alloys for Determination of Chemical Composition8
E 62 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper and
Copper Alloys (Photometric Methods)8
B 88
pancake coil or single layer spirally wound coil.)
3.1.2 lengths, nstraight pieces of the product.
3.1.2.1 standard, nuniform lengths recommended in a
simplified practice recommendation or established as a commercial standard.
3.1.3 tube, seamless, na tube produced with a continuous
periphery in all stages of the operations.
3.1.3.1 tube, copper service, na bendable copper water
tube for underground water service.
3.1.3.2 tube, copper water, na seamless copper tube
conforming to the particular dimensions commercially known
as Copper Water Tube and designated as Types K, L, and M.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 capable ofas used in this specification, the test need
not be performed by the producer of the material. However,
should subsequent testing by the purchaser establish that the
material does not meet these requirements, the material shall be
subject to rejection.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Include the following information for material ordered
under this specification.
4.1.1 Nominal or standard size (Column 1 of Table 1) and
whether Type K, L, or M (Sections 3 and 11),
4.1.2 Temper (Sections 5 and 8),
4.1.3 Whether tension tests and grain size determinations
are required (Section 8),
4.1.4 Length (see 11.5),
4.1.5 How furnished: straight or coils, and
4.1.6 Quantity (pieces) of each size and type.
4.2 In addition, when material is purchased for agencies of
the U.S. Government, it shall conform to the Supplementary
TABLE 1 Dimensions, Weights, and Tolerances in Diameter and Wall Thickness for Nominal or Standard Copper Water Tube Sizes
(All tolerances are plus and minus except as otherwise indicated)
Nominal or
Standard Size,
in.
Outside
Diameter,
in.
Average Outside
DiameterA Tolerance, in.
Annealed
Drawn
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.0015
0.0015
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
+ 0.002
0.004
+ 0.002
0.006
+ 0.002
0.006
12
58
34
1
114
112
2
212
3
312
4
5
6
8
0.375
0.500
0.625
0.750
0.875
1.125
1.375
1.625
2.125
2.625
3.125
3.625
4.125
5.125
6.125
8.125
0.002
0.0025
0.0025
0.0025
0.003
0.0035
0.004
0.0045
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.006
10
10.125
0.008
12
12.125
0.008
14
38
Type L
Type M
Wall
Thickness
ToleranceB
Wall
Thickness
ToleranceB
0.035
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.065
0.065
0.065
0.072
0.083
0.095
0.109
0.120
0.134
0.160
0.192
0.271
0.0035
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.010
0.011
0.012
0.013
0.016
0.019
0.027
0.030
0.035
0.040
0.042
0.045
0.050
0.055
0.060
0.070
0.080
0.090
0.100
0.110
0.125
0.140
0.200
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.009
0.010
0.011
0.012
0.014
0.020
0.032
0.035
0.042
0.049
0.058
0.065
0.072
0.083
0.095
0.109
0.122
0.170
0.338
0.034
0.250
0.025
0.405
0.040
0.280
0.028
Wall
Thickness
ToleranceB
Type K
Type L
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.010
0.011
0.012
0.017
0.145
0.269
0.344
0.418
0.641
0.839
1.04
1.36
2.06
2.93
4.00
5.12
6.51
9.67
13.9
25.9
0.126
0.198
0.285
0.362
0.455
0.655
0.884
1.14
1.75
2.48
3.33
4.29
5.38
7.61
10.2
19.3
0.328
0.465
0.682
0.940
1.46
2.03
2.68
3.58
4.66
6.66
8.92
16.5
0.212
0.021
40.3
30.1
25.6
0.254
0.025
57.8
40.4
36.7
0.025
0.028
0.002
0.003
Type M
C
0.145
0.204
C
The average outside diameter of a tube is the average of the maximum and minimum outside diameter, as determined at any one cross section of the tube.
Maximum deviation at any one point.
C
Indicates that the material is not generally available or that no tolerance has been established.
B
B 88
Requirements as defined herein when specified in the contract
or purchase order.
Expansion of
Outside Diameter, %
and under
Over 58
40
30
58
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 The material shall conform to the following chemical
requirements for Copper UNS No. C12200:
Copper (incl silver), min, %
Phosphorus, max, %
Nominal or
Standard Size, in.
99.9
0.0150.040
Nominal or Standard
Tube Size, in.
Unbalance Signal
Magnitude, max %
Up to 38, incl
12 to 2, incl
Over 2 to 3, incl
0.2
0.3
0.4
9. Expansion Test
9.1 The annealed (O) tube shall be capable of being expanded in accordance with Test Method B 153 with an expansion of the outside diameter in the following amount:
Former
annealed
annealed
drawn
Rockwell HardnessA
Form
coils
straight lengths
drawn
Scale
Value
F
F
30 T
50 max
55 max
30 min
Tensile
Strength,
min, ksiB
30
30
36
Average Grain
Size, mm
0.040 min
0.025 min
...
A
Rockwell hardness tests shall be made on the inside surfaces of the tube. When suitable equipment is not available for determining the specified Rockwell hardness,
other Rockwell scales and values shall be specified subject to agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.
B
ksi = 1000 psi.
B 88
TABLE 3 Roundness Tolerance
1.5
1.0
0.8
Nominal or Standard
Size, in.
Standard Length, ft
Tolerance (All
Plus)
Type
Up to 8, incl
10
10
12
12
12
K, L, M
L, M
K
M
L
K
Up to 1, incl
114 and 112
2
K, L
K, L
K, L
20
20
18
20
18
12
1
1
1
1
1
1
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
2 ft
2 ft
1 ft
(1)
where:
P = hydrostatic pressure, psi;
t = wall thickness, in.;
D = outside diameter of the tube, in.; and
S = allowable stress of the material, psi.
10.2.2 The tube shall stand an internal air pressure of 60
psig for 5 s without showing evidence of leakage. The test
method used shall permit easy visual detection of any leakage,
such as by having the tube under water or by the pressure
differential method.
13. Sampling
13.1 Sample pieces shall be selected for test purposes from
each lot of 5000 lbs or fraction thereof, of each size and type,
in accordance with the schedule of Table 5.
14. Number of Tests and Retests
14.1 Chemical AnalysisSamples for chemical analysis
shall be taken in accordance with Practice E 55. Drillings,
millings, and so forth shall be taken in approximately equal
weight from each of the sample pieces selected in accordance
with 13.1 and combined into one composite sample. The
minimum weight of the composite sample that is to be divided
into three equal parts shall be 150 g.
14.1.1 Instead of sampling in accordance with Practice
E 55, the manufacturer shall have the option of determining
conformance to chemical composition as follows: Conformance shall be determined by the manufacturer by analyzing
samples taken at the time the castings are poured or samples
taken from the semifinished product. If the manufacturer
determines the chemical composition of the material during the
course of manufacture, he shall not be required to sample and
analyze the finished product. The number of samples taken for
determination of chemical composition shall be as follows:
14.1.1.1 When samples are taken at the time the castings are
poured, at least one sample shall be taken for each group of
castings poured simultaneously from the same source of
molten metal.
14.1.1.2 When samples are taken from the semifinished
product, a sample shall be taken to represent each 10 000 lbs
B 88
from both full-size and from machined test specimens, the
results obtained from full-size test specimens shall be used to
determine conformance to the requirements of this specification.
15.4 Tension test results on material covered by this specification are not seriously affected by variations in speed of
testing. It is not prohibited to use a considerable range of
testing speeds; however, the rate of stressing to the yield
strength shall not exceed 100 ksi/min. Above the yield strength,
the movement per minute of the testing machine head under
load shall not exceed 0.5 in./in. of gage length (or distance
between grips for full-section specimens).
15.5 The surface of the test specimen for microscopical
examination shall approximate a radial longitudinal section of
the tube.
or fraction thereof, except that not more than one sample shall
be required per piece.
14.1.1.3 Because of the discontinuous nature of the processing of castings into wrought products, it is not practical to
identify specific casting analysis with a specific quantity of
finished material.
14.1.1.4 In the event that heat identification or traceability is
required, the purchaser shall specify the details desired.
14.2 Mechanical TestsFor the mechanical tests, a specimen shall be taken from each of the sample pieces selected in
accordance with 13.1. The required mechanical test shall be
made on each of the specimens so selected. The value for the
Rockwell hardness number of each specimen shall be established by taking the arithmetical average of at least three
readings.
14.3 In the case of tube furnished in coils, a length sufficient
for all necessary tests shall be cut from each coil selected for
the purpose of tests. The remaining portion of these coils shall
be included in the shipment, and the permissible variations in
length of such coils shall be waived.
14.4 Retests:
14.4.1 If any test specimen shows defective machining or
develops flaws, it shall be discarded and another specimen
substituted.
14.4.2 If the results of any test made to determine the
mechanical properties fail to meet the specified requirements,
two additional specimens shall be taken from different sample
pieces and tested. The results of the tests on both of these
specimens shall meet the specified requirements. Failure of
more than one specimen to meet the specified requirements for
a particular property shall be the cause for rejection of the
entire lot.
14.4.3 If the chemical analysis fails to conform to the
specified limits, analysis shall be made on a new composite
sample prepared from additional pieces selected in accordance
with 13.1. The results of this retest shall comply with the
specified requirements.
Property
ASTM Designation
E 53, E 62
E 8 (see also 15.2, 15.3 and 15.4)
E 18
E 2, E 3, E 112 (see also 15.5)
B 153
Chemical composition
Hardness
Tensile strength
Expansion
Grain size:
Up to 0.055 mm, incl
Over 0.055 to 0.160
mm, incl
nearest ksi
nearest 1 %
nearest multiple of 0.005 mm
nearest 0.01 mm
B 88
and the country of origin. The manufacturer has the option to
include other information.
19.3.2 Colors used are: green for Type K, blue for Type L,
and red for Type M. Such color marking is not applicable to
tube furnished in annealed straight lengths or coils.
20. Keywords
20.1 copper tube; seamless; water tube
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
The following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the
inquiry, contract, or order for agencies of the U. S. Government.
the order is placed. The purchaser shall have the right to
perform any of the inspections or tests set forth when such
inspections and tests are deemed necessary to assure that the
material conforms to prescribed requirements.
B 88
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee B05.04 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue
(B 8896) that may impact the use of this specification.
(1) Nonmandatory language deleted and replaced with mandatory language.
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