HMIS
HMIS
HMIS
Q2. Explain the steps involved in designing and implementation of Hospital Information
System.
1. System Designing: - System design is the creative, technical process of converting information
system requirements into a detailed set of specifications for a system. Selection of a design
approach for a health services information system should be based upon completed systems
analysis, and should be carried out in accordance with the master plan for information systems
development. Systems design is the technical process of converting information system
requirements into a detailed set of specifications for the new systems.
2. Forms Designing
A form designing is the process of preparing the required format of the forms to capture the data
and to present reports. The designing of the forms should be of standard chronological order and
user friendly, so that capturing and keying of the data by the end users will be made easy. The forms
should have a clear heading as to the forms are meant for, and the data labeling which identifies the
data name for the data to be entered. Data capturing area should be highlighted in such a way that
no data will be left an entered. A data check system should also be made to see if any data is left
free without being entered. There should a mechanism that should give a caution message before
going for the next process.
3. Data Designing (Table Definition)
The Data designing is the selection of the data to be used. The names given to the data should be
closely related to the item which is going to be stored (e.g. the data name in which the patients
name is to be stored can be "ptname"). Then for each data item, the type of the data should be
decided. The type of data can be alphabetic, numeric or alphanumeric, etc. The data items list,
involved in the whole information system has to be prepared along with the information such as the
name of the data, data type, description (for what it is going to be used) with examples. The data
that is selected should be supported with detailed description to clarify the data used with examples.
4. Data Flow Diagram
Data Flow Diagram is a graphic tool and analyzes the movement of data through a system, manual
or automated, including the process, storing of data and delays in the system. Data flow diagrams
are the central tool and basis from which the other components are developed. The transformation
of data from input to output, through the process, may be described logically and independently of
the physical components. For example computers, file cabinets, disk units and word processors
associated with the system. They are termed as logical data flow diagrams. In contrast, the physical
data flow diagrams show the actual implementation and the movement of the data between people,
departments, and work stations.
Q3. Explain telemedicine. Discuss the current scenario of telemedicine in India.
Rise in the number of donor agencies that operate in their own way, needs a better coordination
The paradigm of how we view chronic diseases is also shifting. The relationship between chronic
diseases and non-communicable diseases has often been confused as synonymous, or at least
closely linked; however, this notion is increasingly being exposed as outdated. Today, we know that
infectious agents such as human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and Helicobacter
pylori can cause cancer of the cervix, liver, and stomach, respectively. Moreover, as life
expectancies rise in most countries due to better and more available healthcare, chronic disease
prevalence is increasing in populations that perhaps would have had shorter life expectancy in the
past, presenting new demands for struggling health systems to improve the health of the middleaged and the elderly. Likewise, our knowledge on how to combat some diseases such as HIV/AIDS,
is gradually transforming once fatal infectious diseases into long-term chronic conditions.
These trends, together with the worldwide increase in hypertension and cancer due to population
aging and modifications in health behaviors, contribute to the sharp rise in the prevalence of chronic
diseases. These pathologies now cause the greatest share of death and disability in the world. In
2005, at least 35 million people of all ages, nationalities, and socioeconomic levels died from heart
disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, respiratory disease, and other chronic diseases.4 In this paper, we
have chosen to focus on three major chronic conditions: cardiovascular disease (CVD) (heart
disease and stroke), cancer, and diabetes. Together, these conditions are not only responsible for
most chronic disease morbidity, but also around 45 percent of total mortality worldwide.
It helps them to take initiative in the adoption of a successful electronic Health Information
System.
It helps them to analyse the importance and use of Health Information Systems.
It helps them to analyse how the healthcare industry is becoming more reliant on technology to
manage patient records, compare and store diagnosis, and to keep track of patients medications.
It helps to learn the working of medical software programs, embedded in Health Information
Systems.
It helps them to know the procedure to assist the doctors to review any patients full medical
background. This review is needed in order to make a diagnosis, prescribe medications, recommend
surgery or make changes to patient care.
Q6. The Hospital management is at crossroads - the dilemma faced by them is whether they
should automate the medical records department in the hospital or continue using the manual
records storage system. With your knowledge about electronic medical records, how will you
help them in taking the right decision in this regard?
Advantages of EMR
EMR contains medical history of your patients which include treatment or medical procedure, drugs
they are allergic to and so on. EMR provides completeness in the patients' data, which consists of
both past and current medications.
Some of the advantages of implementing EMR software are:
Repository of vital clinical information: An integrated electronic medical record system helps
you to access medical records at the speed of modern computer. It can also manage, share, collect
and protect all the vital medical information without lose.
Manage risk at lower cost: The EMR systems provide 24-hour information, which help to make
better decision, reduce errors, improve results, and lower the risk of negligence. Information such as
admission, service delivery, coding/billing accuracy, treatment, lab, and all other
information of the clinical operations are well maintained at the lower operating costs. Example:
The Medical Group Management Association recently calculated that staffing per physician can be
reduced after implementing an EMR system.
Quality of care: Quality patient care is obtained by integrating and retaining your patients
information. EMR maintains privacy requirements by providing the business professional an
appropriate access to its patient data. It offers clinical treatments on time and good tools to manage
the entire process.
Information Integration Capability: Integrated solutions create a clinical healthcare system that
combines the critical patient information with the varied departments. The EMR system interacts
with external system such as Laboratories, Pharmacies, Imaging Centres and Hospitals via HL7
interfaces. With this information integration capability, you can facilitate better quality care and
manage risks.
The major reasons to buy an EMR are:
To help general practitioners at remote locations in seeking expert specialists advice located
elsewhere in the world.
To have quick and easy transfer of patient details for sharing with other doctors/institutes.
To have more affordable private practice.
To develop the quality of care.
To help general practitioners at remote locations in seeking expert specialists advice located
elsewhere in the world:
Globalisation and interoperability of EMR systems in different countries has helped general
practitioners to seek guidance from specialists located in other cities or abroad. EMR assures that
accurate medical record and history are available to physicians and medical experts regardless of
their geographic locations.
Return on Investment (ROI):
The concept of Return on Investment (ROI) is similar to that of Cost Benefit Analysis. This is
considered as final steps in the selection process. You must be overlook the publicity of some
vendors claims and must concentrate on some practices that have experienced their ROI related
claims.
At the same time, you must look after the general costs in EMR implementation such as billing,
networking and other computer systems. Implementation of EMR software will also incur some
additional costs such as hardware and software maintenance and upgradation.