Tema Engleza
Tema Engleza
Tema Engleza
u
m
i
t
r
u
M
i
h
a
i
T
e
o
d
o
r
M
e
d
i
c
i
n
a
g
e
n
e
r
MEDICINE
third edition
www.acblack.com
eISBN-13: 978-1-4081-0238-1
Text typeset by A & C Black
Printed in Italy by Legoprint
Introduction
The worksheets in this workbook contain a variety of exercises appropriate for students
requiring a working knowledge of English medical terminology. The worksheets can be
used either for self-study or in the classroom and can be completed in any order.
Several have 'extensions': short classroom exercises based on the language in the
main exercise. All the questions within this workbook are based on the A & C Black
Dictionary of Medical Terms, fourth edition (ISBN 0 7136 7603 5).
This workbook is aimed at students with at least an intermediate level of English.
However, many people who work in medicine have to read in English on a regular
basis; students with a more basic level of English may therefore already have the
passive vocabulary to handle many of the exercises.
Specialist vocabulary
It is important to appreciate that 'knowing' specialist vocabulary involves more than
simply recognising it.
You can understand the meaning of a word when reading or listening and yet
be unable to remember that same word when speaking or writing.
You may remember the word, but use it incorrectly. This can be a grammatical
problem, like knowing that 'fracture' can be used both as a noun and as a verb.
Or it may be a question of collocation: a surgeon makes an incision during an
operation, but when he wants a piece of bread he simply cuts it.
Then there is the question of the sound of the word. Can you pronounce it? And
do you recognise it when you hear it pronounced?
For these reasons - memory, use and sound - it is important that students practise specialist
vocabulary so that they can learn to use it more confidently and effectively. The exercises in
this workbook will help students to expand their knowledge and use of medical vocabulary.
Workbook contents
Page Title
Description
Mode
Self-study
WORD-BUILDING
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Word association 1:
missing links
Word formation:
nouns
Two-word expressions
Self-study
Self-study
Self-study
Self-study
Self-study
Self-study
Word formation: verbs Making verb forms from list of nouns; writing sentences Self-study
using the verbs
Word association 3: Finding words in a mind map that fit definitions;
Self-study
mind maps
designing mind maps
PARTS OF SPEECH
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Nouns
Adjectives 1
Adjectives 2
Verbs 1
Verbs 2
Verbs: past tense ~
regular verbs
Verbs: mixed tenses
Phrasal verbs
Sentence completion
Sentence completion
Sentence completion
Matching verbs with their correct definitions
Matching verbs with their correct definitions
Sentence completion
Self-study
Self-study
Self-study
Self-study
Self-study
Self-study
Sentence completion
Sentence completion
Extension: working with a partner to write a dialogue
using phrasal verbs
Self-study
Self-study
21
Word stress 1
22
Word stress 2
23
Present simple
24
Past tense
Self-study
Pair work
Self-study
Self-study
Pair work
Page Title
Description
Mode
26
VOCABULARY IN CONTEXT
Good advice
Matching half-sentences together to make complete
sentences
Extension: writing pieces of medical advice with a
partner
Multiple meanings
Classifying meanings
27
28
29
Body parts - categories Deciding which category each body part belongs to
Opposites 2
Matching words with opposite meanings; inserting
correct opposites in sentences
Extension: working with a partner to test one another
Self-study
Self-study
Abbreviations
Self-study
Pair work
Self-study
25
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Self-study
Pair work
Self-study
Self-study
Pair work
Self-study
Pair work
Self-study
Pair work
Self-study
Self-study
Pair work
Self-study
Pair work
Anagrams 1
38
3940
41
42
Word search
4344
45
46
Communicative
crossword 2
Parts of the body
crossword 2
Gap fill crossword
4748
49
Communicative
crossword 3
Quiz
50
Vocabulary Record
Sheet
51
Answer key
Self-study
Pair work
Pair work
Self-study
Self-study
Self-study
Self-study
Self-study
Pair work
Self-study
Pair work
Self-study
Communicative crosswords
Included in the last section are three communicative crosswords. These are speaking exercises where
students complete a half-finished crossword by exchanging clues with a partner. There are two versions
of the crossword: A & B. The words which are missing from A are in B, and vice versa. No clues are
provided: the students' task is to invent them. This is an excellent exercise for developing linguistic
resourcefulness; in having to define words themselves, students practise both their medical vocabulary
and the important skill of paraphrasing something when they do not know the word for it.
Using Communicative crosswords in the classroom
Stage 1 - Set-up. Divide the class into two groups - A and B - with up to four students in each group.
Give out the crossword: sheet A to group A, sheet B to group B together with a copy of the Dictionary of
Medical Terms. Go through the rules with them. Some answers may consist of more than one word.
Stage 2 - Preparation. The students discuss the words in their groups, exchanging information about
the words they know and checking words they do not know in the Dictionary of Medical Terms.
Circulate, helping with any problems. This is an important stage: some of the vocabulary in the
crosswords is quite difficult.
Stage 3 - Activity. Put the students in pairs - one from group A and one from group B. The students
help each other to complete the crosswords by giving each other clues.
Make sure students are aware that the idea is to help each other complete the crossword, rather than to
produce obscure and difficult clues.
-
A doctor?
A surgeon?
Yes, that's right.
A A
A A
B B
B B
Alternatively, students can work in small groups, each group consisting of two As and two Bs and using
the following strategies:
i)
defining the word
ii)
describing what the item looks like
AB
AB
iii)
stating what the item is used for
iv)
describing the person's role
v)
stating what the opposite of the word is
AB
AB
vi)
giving examples
vii)
leaving a gap in a sentence for the word
Students work in pairs,
viii)
stating what the word sounds like.
co-operating to solve
their crosswords
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
ciliary
temperature
body
foreign
fat
2.
throbbing
relief
pain
abdominal
3.
threshold
metacarpal
graft
bone
cancellous
4.
marrow
cardiac
fatigue
muscle
skeletal
spasm
5.
black
bath
eye
6.
glass
drops
blood
membrane
cell
beta
body
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
8.
diagnose
examine
prescribe
suffer
operate
cure
recover
analyse analysis
diagnosis
9.
infect
_ examination
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
carry
replace
degenerate
refer
paralyse
obstruct
prescription
suffering
operation
cure
recovery
infection
carrier
replacement
degeneration
referral
paralysis
obstruction
Exercise 2. First, check your answers to Exercise 1 in the key. Then rewrite the
sentences below, changing the verbs (which are in bold) to nouns. Do not change the
meaning of the sentences, but be prepared to make grammatical changes if
necessary. The first one has been done for you as an example.
1. I diagnosed that the patient had a heart
condition.
My diagnosis was that the patient had a
heart condition.
2. I examined the patient fully.
I made a full
5. We operated immediately.
The
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Ten per cent of the population are thought to be carriers of the bacteria.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Two-word expressions
Make 15 two-word expressions connected with medicine by combining words from the
two lists: A and B. Match each expression with the appropriate phrase. Use each word
once. The first one has been done for you as an example.
A
allergic
balanced
bedside
biological
bone
brain
clinical
digestive
general
general
heart
malignant
plastic
primary
surgical
1.
2.
B
anaesthetic
attack
clock
death
diet
intervention
manner
marrow
practitioner
reaction
surgery
system
tooth
trial
tumour
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
or
other
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
or
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
1. heart attack
2. general anaesthetic
3. bone marrow
4. surgical intervention
5. primary tooth
6.
plastic
surgery
7. brain death8. bedside
manner
9. allergic
reaction
10. clinical trial
11.
malignant tumour
12. general practitioner
13.
biological
clock
14. digestive system 15. balanced diet
Plural formation
In Column A of this table there are 25 nouns relating to medicine. For each of the nouns
decide whether the correct plural form is in Column B or Column C and then circle it.
Column A
Column B
Column C
1.
stratum
stratums
strata
2.
foot
foots
feet
3.
fibula
fibulae
fibulas
4.
glomerulus
glomerulae
glomeruli
5.
abscess
abscesses
abscessi
6.
joint
jointes
joints
7.
bulla
bullae
bullas
8.
testis
testises
testes
9.
septum
septa
septums
10.
oesophagus
oesophaguses
oesophagi
11.
diagnosis
diagnoses
diagnosises
12.
humerus
humeruses
humeri
13.
syringe
syringes
syringae
14.
acetabulum
acetabula
acetabulums
15.
larva
larvae
larvi
16.
chorda
chordas
chordae
17.
varix
varices
varixi
18.
fungus
fungi
funguses
19.
ganglion
ganglions
ganglia
20.
villus
villi
villae
21.
atrium
atria
atriums
22.
pons
pontes
ponses
23.
ovum
ovums
ova
24.
bout
bouts
boutae
25.
cortex
cortexes
cortices
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
Column A
Column B
1.
2.
3.
She is physically
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
His foot is so
9.
I suffered
10.
She complained of
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
1.
The surgeons operated to repair the
patient's defective heart valve.
2.
His diet is calcium-deficient.
3.
She is physically dependent on
amphetamines.
4.
The doctor noted an excessive amount
of bile in the patient's blood.
5.
A hypoglycaemic attack can be
prevented by eating glucose or a lump of sugar
when feeling faint.
6.
The vaccine should make you immune
to tuberculosis.
7.
They have periods when they are
completely inactive.
8.
His foot is so painful that he can hardly
walk.
9.
10.
administer
analyse
arrange
burp
catch
detect
discontinue
ease
resist
prescribe
Nouns
an improvement
a baby
antibiotics
the treatment
some infections
an appointment
a sample
the pain
a drug
a cold
Exercise 2.
Complete these sentences using the partnerships from Exercise 1. You may have to
make some changes to fit the grammar of the sentences. The first one has been
done for you as an example.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
I would like to ____________________ with the dental hygienist for 10.00am tomorrow.
8.
9.
The health visitor advised the new parents to ____________________ after feeding.
10.
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
Exercise 1.
1.
administer a drug
2.
analyse a sample
3.
arrange an appointment
4.
burp a baby
5.
catch a cold
6.
detect an improvement
7.
discontinue the treatment
8.
ease the pain
9.
resist some infections
10.
prescribe antibiotics
Exercise 2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
The health visitor advised the new parents to burp the baby after feeding.
The nurses detected an improvement in the patient's condition.
Opposites 1: prefixes
Exercise 1.
English often uses prefixes to create opposites. There are several different prefixes
that are used. Choose the right prefix for each of the adjectives below and write them
into the table. The first one has been done for you:
active adequate coherent compatible complete
conscious controllable dependent digested direct
fertile
hygienic legal movable
operable palpable pure qualified
regular sanitary soluble stable well
il1.
illeg
al
im-
1.
2.
3.
in-
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
inactive
fit healthy
reducible
ir-
1.
2.
un-
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Exercise 2.
Use ten of the adjectives in the table to complete these sentences. The first one has
been done for you as an example.
unconscious
1.
He was found
2.
3.
4.
5.
The nurse noted that the patient had developed an _______ irregular _________ pulse.
6.
She used to play a lot of tennis, but she became _________ unfit _______ in the winter.
7.
The surgeon decided that the cancer was __________ unpasteurised ______.
8.
Cholera spread rapidly because of the ___________ insanitary _____ conditions in the town.
9.
The patient was showing signs of an _________ unstable _______ mental condition.
10.
in the street.
Extension. Work with a partner and test each other. One partner closes the book,
while the other asks questions such as "What's the opposite of conscious?".
7
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
abuse
admission
bandage
blood
breath
coagulation
consultation
convalescence
fertilisation
identification
immunisation
implant
maceration
management
occurrence
abuse
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
perspiration
preparation
provision
reabsorption
regeneration
registration
regurgitation
rehabilitation
reproduction
resuscitation
sedation
stammer
stitch
suppression
sweat
Exercise 2.
Choose ten verbs from Exercise 1 and write a sentence below for each one. Write the
correct form of each verb in the column on the right and leave gaps for the verbs in
the sentences. Cover up the right-hand column and give the sentences to another
student as a test. For example:
She . with her local GP.
registered
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
Exercise 1.
1. abuse
2. admit
3. bandage
4. blood
5. breathe 6. coagulate 7. consult 8. convalesce
9. fertilise
10. identify 11. immunise
12. implant
13. macerate
14. manage
15. occur 16. perspire
17. prepare
18. provide
19. reabsorb
20. regenerate
21. register
22. regurgitate
23. rehabilitate
24. reproduce
25. resuscitate
26. sedate
27. stammer 28. stitch 29. suppress
30. sweat
general anaesthetic
local anaesthetic
major surgery
heart surgeon
anaesthetist
surgeon
surgery
exploratory surgery
scrub up
incision
operate
theatre nurse
consultant
operation
scalpel
A & E department
ambulance
operating table
accident
operating theatre
surgical instruments
surgical gloves
Exercise 1.
Find words and expressions in the mind map that fit the following definitions.
operating
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
A special room in a hospital, where surgical operations are carried out theatre ..
A nurse who is specially trained to assist a surgeon during an operation theatre nurse
The part of a hospital which deals with people who need urgent treatment because they have had
accidents or are in sudden serious pain ..
Surgical operations involving important organs in the body . major
surgery ..
A doctor who specialises in surgery surgeon
An anaesthetic which removes the feeling in a single part of the body only ..
A senior specialised doctor in a hospital consultant ..
A surgical operation to remedy a condition of the heart heart surgery ..
To clean the hands and arms thoroughly before performing surgery scrub
up..
The treatment of diseases or disorders by procedures which require an operation to cut into, to
remove or to manipulate tissue, organs or parts surgery..
Exercise 2.
Design a mind map for one or more of the following:
health
hospital
patient
9
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
Nouns
There are 20 nouns connected with medicine in the box below. Use them to complete
the sentences - in some cases you will need to make them plural. The first one has
been done for you as an example.
1.
accident allergy
exercise injection
He developed an
allergy
to penicillin.
4.
The patient will need plastic _________ surgery ______ to remove the scars he received in the
accident.
5.
6.
He had a __________ recurrence _____ of a fever which he had caught in the tropics.
7.
8.
From the examination of the X-ray photographs, it seems that the tumour has not spread.
9.
The doctor gave him an ________ injection _______ to relieve the pain.
10.
He doesn't take enough ________ exercise _______: that's why he's fat.
11.
12.
13.
The _______ biopsy ________ of the tissue from the growth showed that it was benign.
14.
The parents gave their __________ consent _____ for their son's heart to be used in
the transplant operation.
15.
The doctors seem pleased that she has made such good ________ progress _______ since her
operation.
16.
17.
Her body could not cope with an ________ excess _______ of blood sugar.
18.
Three people were injured in the ________ accident _______ on the motorway.
19.
__________ vaccination _____ is mainly given against cholera, diphtheria, rabies, smallpox,
tuberculosis and typhoid.
20.
She had a high temperature and then broke out in a _________ rash ______ .
10
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
Adjectives 1
Complete the sentences using the adjectives in the box. Use each adjective once only.
The first one has been done for you as an example.
aware
compatible
confused
delicate depressed hoarse hygienic
inactive
inborn
incipient
infectious
inoperable
insanitary lethal
motionless poisonous
predisposed
regular
safe
severe
1.
This is a
safe
2.
Some mushrooms are good to eat and some are _______ poisonous _______ .
3.
The surgeons are trying to find a donor with a _________ compatible _____ blood group.
4.
The surgeon decided that the cancer was ______ inoperable ________ .
5.
6.
The body has an _________ inborn _____ tendency to reject transplanted organs.
7.
8.
9.
A ________ severe ______ outbreak of whooping cough occurred during the winter.
10.
Old people can easily become _______ confused _______ if they are moved from their homes.
11.
12.
Don't touch food with dirty hands: it isn't ________ hygienic ______.
13.
All the members of the family are _______ predisposed _______ to vascular diseases.
14.
15.
16.
Cholera spread rapidly because of the ________ insanitary ______ conditions in the town.
17.
18.
19.
20.
11
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
Adjectives 2
Complete the sentences using the adjectives in the box. Use each adjective once only.
The first one has been done for you as an example.
acute
inflamed
bedridden
critical
deaf depressed
excessive
harmful
latent
lethal
mobile
obsessive
painful
persistent
severed
subjective
tender
viable
lethal
infirm
premature
1.
if inhaled.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
You have to speak slowly and clearly when you speak to Mr Jones because he's quite ________ .
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Surgeons tried to sew the _______________ finger back onto the patient's hand.
19.
She was _______________ for weeks after the death of her husband.
20.
1. lethal
2. critical
3. persistent
4. subjective
5. infirm 6. inflamed 7. mobile
8. painful 9. viable
10. deaf
11. premature
12. excessive 13. acute
14. bedridden
15. latent 16. obsessive 17. tender
18. severed
19. depressed 20. harmful
12
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
Verbs 1
The sentences in Column A contain examples of useful verbs in medicine. In Column
B there are definitions of the verbs. Read the examples and match the verbs (in italics)
with the definitions. Then write the infinitive forms into the spaces in the definitions in
Column B. The first one has been done for you as an example.
Column A: Examples
Column B: Definitions
1.
a)
diagnose
2.
b)
3.
c)
d)
4.
e)
5.
6.
f)
7.
g)
h)
8.
9.
i)
j)
k)
l)
10.
means to identify a
condition or illness, by examining the
person and noting symptoms
13
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
Verbs 2
The sentences in Column A contain examples of useful verbs in medicine. In Column
B there are definitions of the verbs. Read the examples and match the verbs (in italics)
with the definitions. Then write the infinitive forms into the spaces in the definitions in
Column B. The first one has been done for you as an example.
Column A: Examples
Column B: Definitions
1.
a)
2.
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
h)
10.
i)
_________
means
to
something from happening
11.
j)
12.
k)
l)
a) transfer
b) harm
c) penetrate
d) perforate
e) probe f) save g) limp h) admit i) prevent
j)
respond k) faint l) perform
stop
14
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
1.
aggravate develop
examine faint
fracture prolong
receive
recover require
strain suffer
tremble weigh
He received
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
She ___________ from poor circulation, which made her feel the cold.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
1. received
2. strained
3. recovered
4. fainted
5. required
6. suffered
7. adapted 8. developed
9. fractured 10. reacted
11. weighed 12. prolonged
13. aggravated
14. examined
15. trembled
react
15
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
1.
16
I am going to
visit
bruise burn
control
expel freeze
overcome
progress rebuild undergo
my brother in hospital.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
heal hurt
visit
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
Phrasal verbs
Natural English conversation includes many phrasal verbs. These are verbs made up
of two words: a verb and a preposition. For example: 'I get up at eight o'clock'.
Complete the sentences below using the phrasal verbs in the box. You will have to
change the forms of some of the verbs to make the grammar of the sentence correct.
The first one has been done for you as an example.
got over
1.
He
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
his cold.
Phrasal verbs
as
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
blood.
Extension. Work with a partner: write a dialogue which includes at least seven of the
phrasal verbs from this page.
17
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
Verbs: active/passive
Change the sentences below from active to passive tense. For example:
Active:
The GP referred the patient to a consultant.
Passive:
The patient was referred to a consultant by the GP.
Remember that it is not always necessary to mention the subject in a passive
sentence. For example:
Active: We have identified the cause of this outbreak of dysentery.
Passive: The cause of this outbreak of dysentery has been identified.
18
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The paramedics comforted the injured person until the ambulance arrived. Passive:
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
The drug suppresses the body's natural instinct to reject the transplanted tissue. Passive:
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
Adverbs
The sentences below do not read correctly. Identify the adverbs in the sentences and
then swap the adverbs around so that each sentence makes sense.
Some of the adverbs could be used in several of the sentences.
1.
2.
3.
If the patient sweats fairly, it may be necessary to cool his body with cold compresses.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
1.
2.
3.
If the patient sweats excessively, it may be necessary to cool his body with cold compresses.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
19
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
Prepositions
The sentences in this exercise contain mistakes. The mistakes are all in the
prepositions and there are three types:
1.
missing preposition
2.
3.
wrong preposition
unnecessary preposition
to
o
n
20
1.
The hospital has installed new apparatus through the physiotherapy department.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
This report quotes the number of cases of cervical cancer from thousand patients tested.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
Word stress 1
One of the keys to English pronunciation is stress - emphasis. There are three possible
patterns for three-syllable words:
Group A: _ _ _
A:
B:
C:
_ _ _ hos-pi-tal
_ _ _ pre-scrip-tion
_ _ _ rec-om-mend
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Group B: _ _ _
1
admitted
2
3
4
5
Dialogue 4
_
So, is it serious?
_
Don't worry. It's probably just an allergic reaction.
_
Are you just saying that to reassure me?
_
You're fine. Look, I'm going to give you a prescription
for some painkillers
Dialogue 5
_
Have you got the test results yet?
_
Well, they're still incomplete, but it's clear that it's
positive.
_
Any idea when infection took place?
_
I'd say five or six weeks ago, but that's just an opinion.
Do you want to see her medical history?
6
7
8
9
10
11
Group C: _ _ _
1
2
3
21
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
Word stress 2
One of the keys to English pronunciation is stress - emphasis. There are three normal
patterns for four-syllable words:
A: _ _ _ _ vac-ci-na-ted
B: _ _ _ _ pneu-mo-ni-a
C: _ _ _ _ in-flu-en-za
anaesthetic
communicate
that
the
food
compatible
complication
coordinate
dehydration
demonstrated
disposable
emergency
experiment
intolerance
malignancy
operation
paralysis
penicillin
respirator
______________.
19. Autistic children do not ______________ with anyone.
20. _____________ is a common antibiotic produced
from a fungus.
22
analysis
responsible
saturated
____
____
____
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
Present simple
Verbs in the present tense add an 's' in the third person singular: I work, you work,
he/she/it works. But the 's' has three different pronunciations. Look at these examples:
A: /s/, for example treats
B: /z/, for example heals
C: / z/, for example changes
Find the third person present tense verbs in these sentences and classify them by
their pronunciation. Put them in the correct columns in the table on the right. Be
careful: some sentences have more than one example. There are 27 verbs in total.
The first one has been completed for you as an example.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Group A: /s/
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Group B: /z/ 1.
breathes.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Group C: / z/
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Extension. The same rule applies to plural nouns: /s/ patients, /z/ doctors, / z/ nurses.
Work with a partner and find five example nouns for each sound.
23
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
Past tense
Regular verbs have three different pronunciations in the past tense (or the past participle).
The difference is in the sound you use for the ending. Look at these examples:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
6.
7.
Group B: /d/
8.
9.
1
2
3
4
10.
11.
12.
13.
5
6
7
Group C: / d/ 1
vaccinated...
2..................
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
3
4
5
6
7
8
24
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
Good advice
These sentences all give very good advice, but they have been divided into separate
halves. Match the half-sentences in Column A with the half-sentences in Column B to
make 14 sentences which are correct, complete and true.
Column A
Column B
1.
a)
2.
b)
3.
c)
4.
d)
5.
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
n)
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
25
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
Multiple meanings
Some words have more than one meaning. For example, the word pulse means the
pressure wave in an artery when the heart beats, but it also refers to a certain type of
vegetable: beans and peas. In the table below 19 meanings appear in the column on
the left. Match each meaning to one of the seven words across the top. The first one
has been done for you as an example.
cold
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
26
12.
To have convulsions.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
fit
focus
light
notice patient
turn
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
Coccyx is the odd one out. It is a bone; the others are all parts of the brain.
1.
2.
hand.......................
3.
ankle....................... elbow.....................
knee........................ forearm...................
4.
ear.......................... eye.........................
face......................... nose........................
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
aluminium............... copper....................
13.
14.
15.
16.
bite.........................
17.
hepatocyte...
18.
epidermis.. pore..
diabetes..
iron.........................
zinc.........................
dermis..
27
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
hand
leg
foot
torso
head
ankle
buttock
calf
chest
chin
ear
elbow
eye
eyebrow
eyelash
eyelid
finger
forearm
forehead
gum
hip
knee
knuckle
lip
nail
navel
neck
nipple
nose
palm
rib
scalp
shoulder
sole
temple
thigh
thumb
toe
tongue
tooth
28
wrist
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
Opposites 2
Exercise 1.
Match the words in italics with their opposites in the box on the right. The first one has
been done for you as an example.
1.
alive
2.
chronic
3.
closed
4.
deteriorate
5.
front
6.
ill
7.
increase
8.
malignant
9.
minor
10.
rough
Exercise 2.
Complete these sentences using the words from Exercise 1. Use one word from each
pair of opposites.
1.
2.
3.
He was very ill, but now his condition has begun to ________________.
4.
5.
She put cream on her hands, which were ________________ from heavy work.
6.
7.
8.
The doctor arrived too late: the patient was already ________________.
9.
10.
Extension. Work with a partner and test each other. One partner closes the book,
while the other asks questions such as "What's the opposite of back?".
29
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
Abbreviations
Test your medical abbreviations. What do the following stand for? Check the ones you
don't know in the dictionary. The first one has been done for you as an example.
1.
2.
AIDS .................
3.
BMR
.................
4.
CAT
.................
5.
CHD
.................
6.
D & V .................
7.
DOA .................
8.
GP
9.
HAV
10.
HIV .................
11.
MND .................
12.
OTC
.................
13.
PM
.................
14.
PMA .................
15.
PMT
.................
.................
.................
16.
RQ
.................
17.
RSI
.................
18.
SAD
.................
19.
SIDS
.................
20.
STI
....................
21.
TB
.................
22.
TBI
.................
23.
UV .................
24.
VDH
25.
WHO .................
.................
Extension. Work with a partner and test each other. One partner closes the book,
while the other asks questions such as "What does A & E stand for?".
30
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
6.
inflammation
11. resistance
2. blister
7.
itchy
3. cough
8.
malformation
13. sneeze
4. fever
9.
malaise
14. spot
5. infectious
10. rash
15. swelling
Read the descriptions below and match them to the names of the illnesses in the box on
the right.
1.
2.
allergic rhinitis
coryza infectious
parotitis influenza
pertussis
rubella
rubeola
varicella
3.
An illness, with inflammation of the nasal passages, in which someone sneezes and coughs
and has a blocked and running nose.
4.
5.
An infectious disease of children where the body is covered with a red rash. It can weaken
the body's resistance to other disease, especially bronchitis and ear infections. If caught by
an adult it can be very serious.
6.
An infectious disease of children, with fever and swellings in the salivary glands, caused
by a paramyxovirus.
7.
An infectious disease affecting the bronchial tubes, common in children and sometimes very
serious. The patient coughs very badly and makes a characteristic 'whoop' when inhaling
after a coughing fit.
8.
Inflammation in the nose and eyes caused by an allergic reaction to plant pollen, mould
spores, dust mites or animal hair.
31
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
FORMAL
allergic rhinitis
infectious parotitis
coryza
influenza
rubella
rubeola
pertussis
varicella
Exercise 2.
Complete these six conversations between doctors and patients by writing in the name
of the illness. Use the informal terms from the table above.
the time.
a terrible cold.
I feel terrible.
this swelling.
in his armpits.
In her throat.
Yes.
It could be
Mm-hmm.
try to breathe.
It may be
Sounds like
32
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
Diagnosis
Read the eleven descriptions which follow, using your dictionary as and when
necessary. What is the disease or illness being described in each case?
1.
A disorder of the nervous system in which there are convulsions and loss of consciousness
due to disordered discharge of cerebral neurons.
2.
A condition where tissues die and decay, as a result of bacterial action, because the blood
supply has been lost through injury or disease of the artery.
3.
A condition where the lens of the eye gradually becomes hard and opaque.
4.
A progressive nervous disorder without a known cause which is a type of Parkinsonism, the
main symptoms of which are trembling hands, a slow shuffling walk and difficulty in speaking.
5.
An infectious disease in which infected lumps form in the tissue. Its commonest form is infection
of the lungs, causing patients to lose weight, cough blood and have a fever. It is caught by
breathing in germs or by eating contaminated food, especially unpasteurised milk.
6.
A hereditary disease in which there is malfunction of the exocrine glands such as the
pancreas, in particular those which secrete mucus, causing respiratory difficulties, male
infertility and malabsorption of food from the gastrointestinal tract.
7.
A progressive disease of the liver, often associated with alcoholism, in which healthy
cells are replaced by scar tissue.
8.
A serious, infectious disease of children. Its first symptoms are a sore throat, followed by a
slight fever, rapid pulse and swelling of the glands in the neck. A fibrous growth like a
membrane forms in the throat and can close the air passages. The disease is often fatal, either
because the patient is asphyxiated or because the heart becomes fatally weakened.
9.
A disorder of the brain, mainly due to brain damage occurring before birth, or due to lack of
oxygen during birth. The patient may have bad coordination of muscular movements,
impaired speech, hearing and sight, and sometimes mental retardation.
10.
Inflammation of the membrane lining the intestines and the stomach, caused by a viral
infection, and resulting in diarrhoea and vomiting.
.
Extension. Write a description of a disease or illness and see if your partner can
recognise it.
33
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
How it works
Match the half-sentences in column A with the half-sentences in column B to make 18
sentences which are correct, complete and true. The first one has been done for you
as an example.
Column A
1.
2.
Column B
a)
e)
f)
6.
7.
g)
8.
h)
i)
9.
10.
11.
k)
l)
12.
13.
14.
n)
Oxygen is essential
o)
p)
17.
q)
18.
r)
15.
16.
34
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
wheelchair = a chair with wheels in which someone can sit and move around
2.
3.
4.
__________ = a surgical instrument with handles like a pair of scissors, made in different sizes
and with differently shaped ends, used for holding and pulling
5.
__________ = a surgical instrument like a long thin spoon, used for scraping the inside of
an organ
6.
__________ = a thin glass tube used for taking and measuring samples of liquid
7.
8.
__________ = a surgical instrument with a bent end used for holding structures apart
in operations
9.
10.
__________ = an instrument placed between the teeth to stop the mouth from closing
11.
__________ = a medical instrument made of a tube with a plunger which either slides down
inside the tube, forcing the contents out through a needle as in an injection, or slides up the
tube, allowing a liquid to be sucked into it
12.
__________ = a tube passed into the body along one of the passages in the body
13.
14.
__________ = a triangular bandage attached around the neck, used to support an injured arm
and prevent it from moving
15.
__________ = a folding bed, with handles, on which an injured person can be carried by
two people
16.
__________ = a stiff support attached to a limb to prevent a broken bone from moving
17.
__________ = two earpieces connected to a tube and a metal disc, used to listen to sounds
made inside the body
18.
Extension. Work with a partner and test each other. For example: "What do you call a
chair with wheels in which someone can sit and move around?"
35
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
Chemistry
What are the names for the symbols of the chemical elements and compounds in the
table below? Complete the 'name' column and connect each substance to the notes
which refer to it. The first one has been done for you as an example.
Symbol
Name
Notes
1.
Na
...sodium (e)
2.
Ca
....................... (b)
3.
Pb
....................... (c)
4.
Ti
.......................
tissue
5.
Ba
....................... (e)
6.
Zn
.......................
7.
Fe
.......................
8.
Co
.......................
9.
Cl
.......................
10.
He
.......................
11.
....................... (k)
12.
Au
.......................
(a)
(d)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(l)
(m)
13.
.......................
14.
....................... (n)
15.
HCl
.......................
16.
.......................
and teeth
17.
HCN
....................... (q)
18.
.......................
19.
N2O
....................... (s)
....................... (t)
(o)
part of protein
(p)
(r)
20.
C H N
10
14
Extension. Check the pronunciation of the 20 elements and compounds, then work with a
partner to test each other: one person writes the symbol, while the other says the names.
36
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
Anagrams 1
Solve the anagrams by reading the clues and putting the letters in order to form words.
Write your answers in the grid to find the mystery word spelled by their initial letters.
1.
Action of breathing
RAEINOPRIST
2.
AEGLLRY
3.
ADEGHRTU
4.
CIIINNOS
5.
Surgical intervention.
AEINOOPRT
6.
EGGLNOOORTY
7.
AEELPRS
8.
AAAPPRSTU
9.
BCEEIPRRS
10.
AHLIOPST
11.
CEEEIRSX
12.
ACEEINRSST
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Mystery word: a person specially trained to operate a machine to take X-ray photographs
37
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
10
11
12
14
13
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
ACROSS
1.
Joins the femur and the tibia (4)
2.
The organ into which food passes after
being swallowed and where the process
of digestion continues (7)
6.
The first part of the small intestine (8)
8.
Hinged joint in the arm (5)
10.
It grows on your head (4)
11.
The upper chambers of 18 across (5)
12.
Breathing organs (5)
15.
They carry blood to 11 across (5)
17.
18.
21.
22.
24.
25.
26.
27.
38
(3)
The organ which moves blood around
your body (5)
Cell in the nervous system which
transmits impulses (6)
An organ which secretes substances
which act elsewhere in the body (5)
A white oily substance in the body,
which stores energy and protects the
body against cold (3)
Tissue which forms the outside surface
of the body (4)
Type of nerve ending or cell (8)
For hearing with (3)
27
DOWN
1.
3.
4.
5.
7.
9.
12.
13.
14.
16.
18.
19.
(4)
Cheekbone (6)
Protects the brain (5)
At the end of your arm (4)
The throat or neck, major artery (7)
20.
23.
24.
(7)
Bundle of fibres which take impulses
from one part of the body to another (5)
End part of the leg on which a
person stands (4)
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
E
5
N
9
10
11
N
12
13
14
15
A
16
17
18
19
20
A
21
A
22
23
L
24
25
26
E
27
E
G
28
39
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
I
7
E
9
10
12
13
14
11
15
16
17
18
19
A
20
S
21
22
H
23
24
25
T
I
27
28
40
26
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
Anagrams 2
Solve the anagrams by reading the clues and putting the letters in order to form words.
Write your answers in the grid to find the mystery word spelled by their initial letters.
1.
BCEEMRRU
2.
AAEEGRV
3.
ACEINORT
4.
Way of acting.
ABEHIORUV
BEEORSV
6.
CCHIPU
7.
ANWY
8.
To become worse..
ADEEIORRTTE
9.
AAEILNORTX
10.
Not asleep..
AAEKW
11.
Operating room.
AEEHRTT
12.
Causing vomiting..
TMECEI
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Mystery word: found in sugar and starch, and provides the body with energy
41
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
Word search
Find the 28 medical terms and expressions hidden in the letters below; 14 read across
and 14 read down. The first word has been found for you as an example. The clues
listed beneath will help you to find all of the words.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
42
M M
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
C
10
11
E
12
13
15
14
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
25
24
C
26
27
28
43
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
R
7
B
9
L
10
11
12
13
14
H
15
16
17
18
19
O
20
21
T
H
22
23
24
O
25
26
27
M
I
28
44
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
ACROSS
1.
Ligament (5)
4.
5.
8.
11.
13.
14.
16.
20.
21.
23.
DOWN
1.
All the bones which make up a body (8)
2.
Joint between the hand and the forearm
(5)
3.
Branch of a nerve, artery or vein (5)
4.
Encephalon (5)
6.
Inside layer of the eye which is sensitive
to light (6)
7.
In the middle of your face (4)
9.
10.
12.
14.
15.
17.
18.
19.
21.
22.
45
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
14
15
6
7
8
10
11
12
13
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
24
23
25
26
27
ACROSS
1.
He ______ a new type of catheter. (8)
5.
Blood ______ were taken from all the
staff in the hospital. (7)
7.
There is a ______ of names in
alphabetical order. (4)
8.
She must have a cold - her ______
is running. (4)
9.
We will ______ the operating theatre
with the latest scanning devices. (5)
10.
Fear of snakes is a common ______. (6)
13.
Sugar is a source of ______ . (6)
14.
The doctor ______ the patient's
broken arm. (3)
16.
When she cut her finger it ______. (4)
17.
He breathed in the smoke from the
fire and it made him ______. (5)
18.
He went to see an ______ specialist
about his deafness. (3)
19.
Anorexic patients may become ______
and may need hospitalisation. (9)
24.
Can I make an ______ to see Dr
Jones? (11)
26.
The box is so heavy she can't ______ it
off the floor. (4)
27.
He became hysterical and had to be
put under ______. (8)
46
DOWN
1
2.
3.
4.
6.
11.
12.
14.
15.
20.
(8)
How can you afford this ______
treatment? (9)
She gave ______ to twins. (5)
The surgeon was able to move the
organ back to its ______ position. (8)
The doctor put her to ______ with
a powerful narcotic. (5)
The patient suffers from an allergic
______ to oranges. (8)
Her ______ rate was very irregular. (5)
The lining of the uterus is ______
during menstruation. (4)
When you add the reagent, the
solution will ______ blue. (4).
We have ______ out the extent of
the tumour. (6)
21.
22.
23.
25.
______. (4)
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
T
5
6
7
10
11
12
13
D
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
N
21
22
23
24
47
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
N
5
O
7
S
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
O
21
22
I
24
48
23
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
Quiz
How many of these questions can you answer?
1.
2.
Complete the following sentence. "In human anatomy, the hand has a dorsal and a
palmar surface, and the foot a dorsal and a __________ surface."
3.
4.
5.
6.
What is the term for an organisation responsible for overseeing the provision of primary
healthcare and the commissioning of secondary care in a district. Key members include
GPs, community nurses, social services and lay members?
7.
If a patient is living at home and going to a hospital for treatment, is he/she classed as
an "inpatient" or an "outpatient"?
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Formerly, burns were classified by degrees (first-degree burn and second-degree burn).
The modern classification is into two categories. What are these categories?
Extension. Work with a partner and write a medical knowledge quiz. Make sure you
know the answers. Then ask the questions to another pair of students in the class.
49
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Medical Terms (0 7136 7603 5).
CLASS
50