Fundamentals of Research
Fundamentals of Research
Fundamentals of Research
Dayang
BSIT 3-2
6. Another Classification
a.) Adhoc research: Adhoc research is the class of inquiry used for
a purpose alone and special.
b.) Empirical research: Empirical research is that which depends
upon the experience or observation of phenomena and events.
c.) Explained research: Explained research is that which is based
on a theory.
d.) Boarder line research: Boarder line research is that which
involves those main two branches or are as of science. For
example study of public school finance.
C.) TYPES OF RESEARCH
There are three types of objectives of research: theoretical, factual and
application. The first two types of objectives of research contribute new
knowledge in the form of new theory and facts in a particular field of study or
discipline. The third objective does not contribute to knowledge but suggests new
application for practical problems. Thus, the researches are classified broadly
into two categories: 1. Fundamental or Basic research, and
2. Action research or Applied research.
3. What are the characteristics of research?
A.) GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
It gathers new knowledge or data from primary or first-hand sources.
It places emphasis upon the discovery of general principles.
It is an exact systematic and accurate investigation.
It uses certain valid data gathering devices.
It is logical and objective.
The researcher resists the temptation to seek only the data that support
his hypotheses.
The researcher eliminates personal feelings and preferences.
It endeavours to organise data in quantitative terms.
Research is patient and unhurried activity.
The researcher is willing to follow his procedures to the conclusions that
may be unpopular
and bring social disapproval.
Research is carefully recorded and reported.
mental, social and spiritual life, writes H.C. McKown. This fact stands in
the way of making research as an exact science.
D.) Sorting & Sifting- reduce the gathered information to that which is relevant
and
insightful
E.) Synthesizing- information is reshaped into a new whole in order to find focus
F.) Evaluating- determination is made to move on to next stage or revise efforts
with
another
cycle
G.) Reporting- production of final work
5. What are the sources of research problems?
A.) Personal experiences of the investigator in the field of education are the main
source for identifying suitable problem. Many of the problems confronted in the
classroom, the school or the community lend themselves to investigation and
they are perhaps more appropriate for the beginning researcher than are
problems more remote from his own teaching experiences.
B.) The other source of problem which is most frequently used by the investigator
as suggested by the supervisors, is the extensive study of available literatureresearch abstracts, journals, hand-books of research international abstracts etc.
He can draw an analogy for selecting a research problem or can think parallel
problem in the field studied.
C.) In the choice of a suitable problem, the researcher has to decide his field of
investigation. He should study the field intensively in the specific area, this may
enable him to identify a problem from the specific field.
D.) The new innovations, technological changes and curricular developments are
constantly bringing new problems and new-opportunities for Social Studies
Research.
E.) The most practical source of problem is to consult supervisor, experts of the
field and most experienced person of the field. They may suggest most
significant problem of the area. He can discuss certain issues of the area to
emerge a problem.
F.) It is a general practice that researchers suggest some problems in their
research reports. The researcher can pick up a suitable problem for his own
study.
6. Discuss the different kinds of ethical research violations.
Duplicate publication/submission of research findings; failure to inform the
editor of related papers that the author has under consideration or in
press
Unrevealed conflicts of interest that could affect the interpretation of the
findings
Misrepresentation of research findings - use of selective or fraudulent
data to support a hypothesis or claim
Fabrication is making up data or results and recording or reporting them.
References
Singh, Y. K. (2006). Fundamentals of Research and Methodology. Chitrakoot, Madhya
Pradesh: Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Rural University.
Coolican, H. (2014). Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology. New York:
Psychology Press.
DePoy, E., & Gitlin, L. N. (2011). Introduction to Reaearch (5 th ed.). USA: Elsevier.
Kamat, P. V. (2006, March). Research Ethics. Presented at in the Symposium on
Scientific Publishing, ACS National Meeting, Atlanta, GA.
Castle
View.
(2012).
The
Reaserch
Cycle.
Retrieved
from
https://sites.google.com/site/castleviewlibrary/student-resources/the-researchcycle