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    (Wiki) Kerch-Eltigen Operation

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    Andrea Matteuzzi
    The Kerch–Eltigen Operation was a World War II amphibious offensive made in November 1943 by the Red Army as a precursor to the Crimean Offensive (8 April-12 May 1944) with the object of defeating and forcing the withdrawal of the German forces from the Crimea. Landing at two locations on the Crimea's eastern coast, the Red Army successfully reinforced the northern beachhead of Yenikale, but was unable to prevent an Axis counter-attack that collapsed the southern beachhead at Eltigen. Subsequently, the Red Army used the beachhead at Yenikale to launch further offensive operations into the Crimea in May 1944.

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    (Wiki) Kerch-Eltigen Operation

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    Andrea Matteuzzi
    104 views3 pages
    The Kerch–Eltigen Operation was a World War II amphibious offensive made in November 1943 by the Red Army as a precursor to the Crimean Offensive (8 April-12 May 1944) with the object of defeating and forcing the withdrawal of the German forces from the Crimea. Landing at two locations on the Crimea's eastern coast, the Red Army successfully reinforced the northern beachhead of Yenikale, but was unable to prevent an Axis counter-attack that collapsed the southern beachhead at Eltigen. Subsequently, the Red Army used the beachhead at Yenikale to launch further offensive operations into the Crimea in May 1944.

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    [Wiki] Kerch–Eltigen Operation

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    The Kerch–Eltigen Operation was a World War II amphibious offensive made in November 1943 by the Red Army as a precursor to the Crimean Offensive (8 April-12 May 1944) with the object of defeating and forcing the withdrawal of the German forces from the Crimea. Landing at two locations on the Crimea's eastern coast, the Red Army successfully reinforced the northern beachhead of Yenikale, but was unable to prevent an Axis counter-attack that collapsed the southern beachhead at Eltigen. Subsequently, the Red Army used the beachhead at Yenikale to launch further offensive operations into the Crimea in May 1944.

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    104 views3 pages

    (Wiki) Kerch-Eltigen Operation

    Uploaded by

    Andrea Matteuzzi
    The Kerch–Eltigen Operation was a World War II amphibious offensive made in November 1943 by the Red Army as a precursor to the Crimean Offensive (8 April-12 May 1944) with the object of defeating and forcing the withdrawal of the German forces from the Crimea. Landing at two locations on the Crimea's eastern coast, the Red Army successfully reinforced the northern beachhead of Yenikale, but was unable to prevent an Axis counter-attack that collapsed the southern beachhead at Eltigen. Subsequently, the Red Army used the beachhead at Yenikale to launch further offensive operations into the Crimea in May 1944.

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    KerchEltigen Operation

    The KerchEltigen Operation was a World War II


    amphibious oensive made in November 1943 by the
    Red Army as a precursor to the Crimean Oensive (8
    April-12 May 1944) with the object of defeating and
    forcing the withdrawal of the German forces from the
    Crimea. Landing at two locations on the Crimeas eastern
    coast, the Red Army successfully reinforced the northern
    beachhead of Yenikale, but was unable to prevent an Axis
    counter-attack that collapsed the southern beachhead at
    Eltigen. Subsequently, the Red Army used the beachhead at Yenikale to launch further oensive operations
    into the Crimea in May 1944.

    weather and rough seas that postponed the landings, the


    Soviets succeeded in landing Colonel V. F. Gladkovs
    318th Rie Division (18th Army) and the 386th Naval
    Infantry Battalion at Eltigen on 1 November. The landing was characterized by ad hoc use of naval craft of all
    kinds and the loss of formation organization in the face
    of bad weather and darkness. Fighting their way ashore,
    the Soviets pushed back the Romanian defenders and established a small beachhead.

    Two days later at Yenikale, over 4,400 men of the Soviet


    56th Army (landed were units of 2nd and 55th Guards
    Rie Divisions, and the 32nd Rie Division), enjoyed
    massed artillery support from positions on the Taman
    Peninsula and established a rm beachhead which the
    1 Background
    German V Army Corps and Romanian 3rd Mountain Division were unable to defeat.[4] By 11 November, the SoFollowing the defeat and withdrawal of German and viets had landed 27,700 men in the Yenikale Beachhead.
    Romanian troops from the Taman Peninsula in the fall of Among the reinforcing units was the 383rd Rie Division
    1943, the Soviets decided to follow this success with two which landed on 7 November.
    amphibious landings on the eastern coast of the Crimea
    as a prelude to the re-taking of the entire Crimean Peninsula. The southern, diversionary assault was planned for 4 Axis victory at Eltigen
    the small town of Eltigen and the northern, main assault
    landed at Yenikale, near Kerch.
    Although the Soviets managed to land the 117th Guards
    Rie Regiment to reinforce the Eltigen Beachhead, they
    were unable to push farther than 2 km (1.2 mi) inland, a
    2 The Axis defense
    situation worsened when the Germans managed to establish a naval blockade around the landings with light craft
    Soviet successes north of the Crimea had succeeded in of the 3rd Minesweeper Flotilla[5] operating out of Kerch,
    cutting o the German 17th Army in Crimea, although Kamysch-Burun, and Feodosiya. The Soviets countered
    the Axis forces were still supplied by sea. The 17th Army by attempting to supply the beachhead at night, resulting
    controlled the V Army Corps in the north, the XLIX in close-range naval encounters but completely insuMountain Corps defending the Perekop Isthmus, and the cient delivery of supplies. Soviet attempts at aerial resupRomanian Mountain Corps in the south and southeastern ply were interdicted by the Luftwae.[6] The Axis forces
    areas of the Crimea. The Germans also had anti-aircraft besieged the beachhead for ve weeks before attacking
    artillery batteries/operators and 45 assault guns to bolster on 6 December. During the attack, Romanian cavalry
    their defense.[2] Commanding the Axis forces was Ger- of the 6th Division made diversionary attacks from the
    south while Romanian mountain troops supported by asman General Erwin Jaenecke.
    sault guns attacked from the west. By 7 December, the
    beachhead had collapsed and the Romanians took 1,570
    prisoners and counted 1,200 Soviet dead at a cost of 886
    3 The Soviet assault
    men to themselves. The Romanians also captured 25 antitank guns and 38 tanks.[7]
    For the landings, the Soviet 4th Ukrainian Front employed the 18th (under Colonel-General K. N. Leselidze,
    with Leonid Brezhnev as Chief Political Commissar)
    and 56th Armies,[3] the Black Sea Fleet, and the Azov 5 Battle of Mount Mithridates
    Flotilla. Commanding the 56th Army and overall on the
    Soviet side was General Ivan Petrov, and Vice Admi- In the course of the Eltigen Beachheads collapse, some
    ral Lev Vladimirsky for naval operations. Despite poor 820 Soviet troops[8] managed to break out to the north in
    1

    9 SOURCES

    an attempt to reach Yenikale, occupying Mount Mithri- [6] Gretschko, p. 282.


    dates and defeating German artillery positions there. This
    alarmed General Jaenecke, as the attack had the poten- [7] Axworthy, p. 131.
    tial of breaching the German front facing the Yenikale [8] 1,500 men, per the Soviet ocial history (map 103).
    Beachhead. Jaenecke committed the Romanian 3rd
    Mountain Division to a counter-attack against the des- [9] Gretschko, p. 284.
    perate Soviet troops. By 11 December, the Romanians [10] Schmadel, Lutz D. (2003). Dictionary of Minor Planet
    recaptured Mount Mithridates and defeated the evading
    Names (5th ed.). New York: Springer Verlag. p. 180.
    Red Army troops. An unknown number of these Soviet
    ISBN 3-540-00238-3. See also Jet Propulsion Laboratory
    troops were subsequently evacuated to Opasnoe village
    object database
    in the Yenikale Beachhead by the Azov Flotilla under the
    command of Rear Admiral Sergey Gorshkov.

    9 Sources
    6

    Aftermath

    In the face of strong German reinforcements, the Soviets contented themselves with reinforcing the Yenikale
    Beachhead. By 4 December, the Soviets had landed
    75,000 men, 582 guns, 187 mortars, 128 tanks, 764
    trucks, and over 10,000 short tons (9,100 t) of munitions
    and material at Yenikale.[9] The Soviets pushed some 9
    km (5.6 mi) inland and to the outskirts of Kerch. Although the Germans succeeded in initially defending the
    Crimea against the Soviet landings, the successful landing near Kerch placed the Soviets in a solid position from
    which to liberate the entire Crimea from Nazi occupation,
    an operation they successfully concluded in May 1944.

    Legacy

    A minor planet 2217 Eltigen discovered in 1971 by Soviet


    astronomer Tamara Mikhaylovna Smirnova is named for
    the landing of Soviet troops in November 1943.[10]

    Footnotes

    [1] Hayward 1998, pp. 5051: Allowed German and Italian


    warships to use Bulgarian ports for operations in the Black
    Sea.
    [2] Schnherr, pp. 468469.
    [3] On 20 November 1943, Headquarters of the North Caucasus Front was renamed the Separate Coastal Army and
    took over control of the units in the Kerch beachhead.
    Gretschko, p. 285.
    [4] Axworthy, p. 130.
    [5] The German 3. Rumbootsottille was originally based in
    the Baltic Sea. To get the small ships to the Black Sea,
    the Germans sailed them down the Elbe River to Dresden
    and then moved them via the Autobahn on massive transporters to Ingolstadt on the Danube River from which they
    sailed to the Black Sea. See this page on German otillas
    for more information.

    Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg (German ocial history of World War II), Volume 8,
    Klaus Schnherr et al., Mnchen: Deutsche VerlagsAnstalt, 2007. ISBN 978-3-421-06235-2.
    Geschichte des Zweiten Welt Krieges (German translation of Soviet ocial history of World War II),
    Volume 7, A. A. Gretschko et al., Berlin: Militrverlag der DDR, 1979.
    Soviet Amphibious Operations in the Black Sea,
    1941-1943, Charles B. Atwater, Jr., thesis for the
    CSC, 1995.
    Third Axis Fourth Ally, Mark Axworthy et al., London: Arms and Armour Press, 1995. ISBN 185409-267-7.
    Page on German minesweeper otillas (in German)

    10
    10.1

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