Ceramic Tiles Testing
Ceramic Tiles Testing
Ceramic Tiles Testing
Physico-chemical characteristics
Characteristics in standard EN 14411
APPLICATION
FLOORS
WALLS
INTERIOR
EXTERIOR
INTERIOR
EXTERIOR
TEST
METHOD
ISO 10.545(3)
Part
Thickness
Straightness of sides
Rectangularity
Surface quality
Physical properties
Water absorption
Modulus of rupture
Breaking strength
Slip resistance
-(4)
11
12
(2)
10
16
Chemical properties
Resistance to low concentrations of acids
and alkalis
13
13
13
15
Stain resistance
- Glazed tiles
- Unglazed tiles (2)
14
14
NOTE:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
For the characteristics in red, the test method in standard EN 14411 constitutes a modification or a new contribution
compared with the previous European standards
For tiles to be used in exteriors subject to frost/thaw cycles
Test method available
The test methods shall be conducted by laboratories recognised by the national standardisation organisations (ISO members)
and/or accredited organisations of the respective countries. Accreditation under ISO 9000 and/or ISO/IEC Guide 25 is
preferred.
Slip resistance shall be measured according to the test method available in the tile country of destination, whenever this is
required by the national regulations. In Spain, document SUA 1 of the Technical Building Code shall be applied in tiles
intended for private flooring subject to common use or floorings in publicly trafficked architecture. Slip coefficient Rd is
measured by the friction pendulum method [UNE-ENV 12633].
Chart 1
Physico-chemical characteristics
Characteristics in standard EN 14411
CLASS OR
UNIT OF
MEASURE
mm or %
PRODUCT GROUP
AIa
AIb
AIIa-2
AIIb-1
AIIb-2
AIII
BIa
BIb
BIIa
BIIb
95% of the tiles shall be free of visible defects that might adversely affect the appearance of the ceramic tiling
0,5
0,6
3
3.3
1300
600
28/21
1100
600
23/18
3<E6
6.5
6<E10
11
>10
0.5
0.6
0.5<E3
3.3
3<E6
6.5
6<E10
11
>10
600
200
15/12 (6)
(5)
N
N/mm2
950
600
20/18
800
600
13/11
900
900
17,5/15
750
750
9/8
600
600
8/7
1300
700
35/32
1100
700
30/27
1000
600
22/20
800
500
18/16
393
541
649
1062
2365
175
175
345
540
ABRASION RESISTANCE
Deep for UGL tiles
ISO 10545-6
mm3 (max.)
C-1
(K-1)
COEFFICIENT OF LINEAR
THERMAL EXPANSION (2)
ISO 10545-8
BIII
% by mass
AIIa-1
275
Chart 2 (I)
Physico-chemical characteristics
Characteristics in standard EN 14411
CLASS OR
UNIT OF
MEASURE
PRODUCT GROUP
AIa
AIb
AIIa-1
AIIa-2
AIIb-1
AIIb-2
AIII
BIa
BIb
BIIa
BIIb
BIII
Yes/No
Yes/No
YES
YES
ISO 10545-9
CRAZING RESISTANCE
GL TILES
ISO 10545-11
(3)
Yes/No
SLIP RESISTANCE
STATE RESULT
mm/m
YES
YES
THE
Coefficient
of
restitution
Classes
5, 4, 3, 2,
and 1
MINIMUM CLASS 3
TEST METHOD AVAILABLE
MINIMUM CLASS 3
TEST METHOD AVAILABLE
ISO 10545-16
IMPACT RESISTANCE
ISO 10545-5
STAIN RESISTANCE
GL tiles
UGL tiles (2)
ISO 10545-14
(2)
Chart 2 (II)
Physico-chemical characteristics
Characteristics in standard EN 14411
CLASS OR
UNIT OF
MEASURE
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE
To low concentrations of
acids and alkalis
To high concentrations
Classes
A,
B, and C
To household chemicals
and swimming pool salts
In GL tiles
In UGL tiles (4)
ISO 10545-13
LEAD AND CADMIUM RELEASE
ISO 10545-15
(0)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
mg/dm2
PRODUCT GROUP
AIa
AIb
AIIa-1
AIIa-2
AIIb-1
AIIb-2
AIII
BIa
BIb
BIIa
BIIb
CLASSIFICATION OBTAINED
BIII
Chart 2 (III)
Physico-chemical characteristics
Characteristics in standard EN 14411
DIMENSION M
DIMENSION W
AVERAGE
MEASUREMENT OF
10 TILES
COMMENTS
AIa P, AIb P
311 mm joint
1%/max. 2 mm
1%
W-N 3 MM
AIa N, AIb N
2%/max. 4 mm
1.5 %
AIIa-1 P
1.25%/max. 2 mm
1%
AIIa-1 N
2%/max. 4 mm
1.5 %
AIIa-2 P
1.5%/max. 2 mm
1.5 %
AIIa-2 N
2%/max. 4 mm
1.5 %
2%/max. 2 mm
1.5 %
2%/max. 4 mm
1.5 %
1.2 %
0.75 %
AIIb-1 P
AIIb-2 P
AIII P
AIIb-1 N
AIIb-2 N
AIII N
S90
BIa
BIb
BIIa
BIIb
S:
2-5 mm joint
W-N 2%
max. 5 mm
90<S190
1%
0.5 %
190<S410
0.75 %
0.5 %
S>410
0.6 %
0.5 %
L 12 cm
0.75 %
0.5 %
L > 12 cm
0.50 %
0.3 %
L 12 cm
---
---
L > 12 cm
+ 0.6 % // - 0.3 %
0.25 %
BIII WITHOUT
SPACER LUGS
W-N 2 mm
BIII WITH
SPACER LUGS
Chart 3
Physico-chemical characteristics
Characteristics in standard EN 14411
Type of product
Straightness
Surface flatness
Curvature
Centre
Side
Warpage
Thickness
of sides
Rectangularity
AIa P, AIb P
10 %
0.5 %
1%
0.5 %
0.5 %
0.8 %
AIa N, AIb N
10 %
0.6 %
1%
1.5 %
1.5 %
1.5 %
AIIa-1 P
10 %
0.5 %
1%
0.5 %
0.5 %
0.8 %
AIIa-1 N
10 %
0.6 %
1%
1.5 %
1.5 %
1.5 %
AIIa-2 P
10 %
1%
1%
1%
1%
1.5 %
AIIa-2 N
10 %
1%
1%
1.5 %
1.5 %
1.5 %
AIIb-1 P
AIIb-2 P
AIII P
10 %
1%
1%
1%
1%
1.5 %
AIIb-1 N
AIIb-2 N
AIII N
10 %
1%
1%
1.5 %
1.5 %
1.5 %
10 %
0.75 %
1%
1%
1%
1%
10 %
0.5 %
0.6 %
0.5 %
0.5 %
0,5 %
5%
0.5 %
0.6 %
0.5 %
0.5 %
0,5 %
5%
0.5 %
0.6 %
0.5 %
0.5 %
0,5 %
10 %
0.3 %
0.5 %
+ 0.5 %
- 0.3 %
+ 0.5 %
- 0.3 %
0.5 %
10 %
0.3 %
0.3 %
+ 0.8 %
- 0.2 %
+ 0.8 mm
- 0.2 mm
0.5 mm
10 %
0.3 %
0.3 %
+ 0.8 %
- 0.2 %
+ 0.8 mm
- 0.2 mm
0.75 mm
S90(1)
BIa
BIb 90<S190
BIIa 190<S410
BIIb
S>410
(1)
(2)
Physico-chemical characteristics
Characteristics in standard EN 14411
TEST METHOD
DIMENSIONS
Length and width
Thickness
Straightness of sides
Rectangularity
Flatness
ISO 10545-2
SURFACE
QUALITY
ISO 10545-2
REFERENCE IN
EN 14411
Compulsory
For all tile types
For all service
applications
Idem dimensions
Boiling
WATER ABSORPTION
CAPACITY
LINEAR THERMAL
EXPANSION
MOISTURE EXPANSION
ISO 10545-3
method is
compulsory
Defines the product
Group
[1]
Tolerances
in
% or mm
First quality
max. 5% defective
E in %
DEFINES THE
PRODUCT GROUPS
ISO 10545-8
C-1 or K-1
(e.g.: 4.8x10-6K-1)
ISO 10545-10
Voluntary characteristic
for the manufacturer
% or mm/m
ISO 10545-4
(S)
and modulus of rupture
(R)
[1]
C mark
Voluntary characteristic
for the manufacturer
Idem dimensions
Expression of force
BENDING STRENGTH
EXPRESSION OF
RESULTS
This
Fundamental
Essential
Allows
S in newton (N)
R in N/mm2
The C mark requires statement of the breaking strength for all tiles intended for flooring or roofing, whatever their commercial class
Chart 5 (I)
Physico-chemical characteristics
Characteristics in standard EN 14411
TEST METHOD
REFERENCE IN
EN 14411
ISO 10545-6
EXPRESSION OF
RESULTS
Linked
3
mm
To be stated:
RESISTANCE TO
SURFACE ABRASION
(GL tiles)
Class:
ISO 10545-7
SCRATCH RESISTANCE
EN 67-101-92
Not envisaged
Mohs scale
from 1 to 10
LOSS OF GLOSS
IMPACT RESISTANCE
ISO 2813
ISO 10545-5
Not envisaged
Adimensional
number
Adimensional
number from 0 to 1
(Coefficient of
restitution)
Chart 5 (II)
Physico-chemical characteristics
Characteristics in standard EN 14411
TEST METHOD
RESISTANCE TO
ROLLING ACTION
Annexe 6,
Cahier 2898
CSTB (France)
REFERENCE IN
EN 14411
EXPRESSION OF
RESULTS
Not envisaged
Compulsory
for AIa,
AIb, BIa and BIb
Voluntary for the
remaining groups
BIa
FROST RESISTANCE
ISO 10545-12
CRAZING RESISTANCE
ISO 10545-11
ISO 10545-13
Compulsory or voluntary
depending on type of tile
and test
Codes in PDF on
Chemical
resistance (I)
Linked
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE
Compulsory
STAIN RESISTANCE
ISO 10545-14
ISO 10545-15
tiles
Voluntary
tiles
for GL
for
UGL
Classes
5, 4, 3, 2, 1
mg/dm2
tile installation
tiles intended for flooring, in regard to
their cleanability after processes of mechanical and/or chemical aggression
Characteristic
Chart 5 (III)
Physico-chemical characteristics
Characteristics in standard EN 14411
10
TEST METHOD
REFERENCE IN
EN 14411
EXPRESSION OF
RESULTS
ISO/DIS 10545-17
Not envisaged
COF. CLASS 2
COF. CLASS 1
UNE-ENV 12633
Not envisaged
CLASSES [2]
3, 2, 1
SLIP RESISTANCE
[2]
Physico-chemical characteristics
Characteristics in standard EN 14411
11