Ethics Reader

By
Jett S. Austria
For
ITETHIC

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share

Alike 3.0 Philippines License.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. BOOK REVIEWS
Business Ethics, a Global and Managerial Perspective
Ethics 101
The Right Thing
Business Ethics (Third Edition)
Ethics On The Job
How Good People Make Tough Choices
Whats Right and Wrong in Business
Ethical Dilemmas in Business
Whats Right and Wrong in Business 2nd Edition
There is no such thing as Business Ethics
How Honesty Pays: Restoring Integrity to the Workplace
Information Security and Ethics: Social and Organizational Issues
Ethical and Social Issues In The Information Age
The Future Of Ideas
II. CASE STUDIES
Andhra Pradesh
Annapurna Salt
Anonymity, Privacy and Security
Barack Obama
Casas Bahia
Copyright for Non Lawyers
Cemex
HLL Soap
ICICI Bank Case Study Questions
Intellectual Property Rights and Computer Technology
ITC e-Choupal
Jaipur Foot
Pirates cannot be stopped
Voxiva
III. QUIZ
Professional Ethics, Codes of Conduct & Moral Responsibility
IV. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Title: Business Ethics, a Global and Managerial Perspective

Author: David J. Fritzsche
Book Number: HF 5378 F75 1997a
Chapter 1: Ethical Problems in Business &
Chapter 2: The Importance of Ethics in Business
This chapter tackles about some downfalls of companies because of some
mistakes that they commit and the issues behind this wrong doings. Some of this was
done not by the company but in the place where is it delivered, that makes the name of
the company stained. For example, the Tylenol tampering that was manufactured by
Johnson & Johnson. It was on September 30, 1982 where the reports began to filter into
the headquarters of J&J that people had died in Chicago after taking Extra-Strength
Tylenol capsules laced with cyanide. Their sales were held and their profits dwindled
down. The products were recalled so that it will not affect more people with what
happened. After the incident, they found out that the tampering wasnt done in the
plant but in the place where it was delivered. But still Johnson & Johnson was held
responsible to what had happened. This kind of situation makes the companys image
destroyed because of the poisoning. Ethics affects greatly in the market if it is not taken
care of. The company should take precautionary measures to their product not only
inside the plant but also the place where will it be delivered and sold to.
There are issues that create ethical problems to a business, first would be
bribery; it is used to manipulate people by buying influence. It is called bribery when it is
given with the intent of influencing behavior of the people. This is one this that is hard
to prove because they can find excuses when it comes to bribery, they can call it a
complimentary gift for their customers. Second one would be Coercion; this situation
controls the people by force or threat. An example would be destroying the product of
the company so that their market would get disappointed and transfer to other
company. Another one would be deception; this manipulates the people and firms by
misleading them. This is an act of deceiving because they intend to give false
information to the people or firms which makes them confused and depressed. This
false statement can be used if the people are uneducated in the product or they only
have little information regarding the product that is why they can brainwash their
customers easily and effectively. Theft I think is the most important issues because it
can be physical or conceptual. If the concept of a company was taken away from them,
they cant be able to make their idea into reality because it was stolen by someone. The
last one would be unfair discrimination. The company implements unequal treatment to
their people and they favor those people that is they like because of their race, age,
sexetc.
With this issues resolved, they can be able to portray a good and ethical
environment not only to their market but to inside the company as well. Fair treatment
to their employees would help them to gain loyalty to their company and minimize theft

and deception coming from their employees. They can gain trust in supplier relations,
customer relations and employee relations.
Chapter 6: Making Moral Decisions
According to the book, making moral decision is necessary for a manager
consistently include ethics in the decision-making process. This would be the
organizational culture. Organizations also have certain common characteristics that
provide internal guidance and are shared and perpetuated by their members. This is the
purpose of the companys mission-vision statements. With good organizational culture,
this would help their employees to do their best without hitting on anyone because they
can see it in a higher authority and is being applied to the company. This will be easy for
the company because their employees adopt with what they are doing and behave
accordingly. This will help the company especially the managers to create ethical
decision to their team and for the company as well.
The culture of the environment would affect making moral decision in the
business. Day to day activities of the people affects their behavior and their values as
well. Some of the values are gained not only in the company but outside the
environment. If there are High-Performing Culture in the company promotes ethical
behavior. If there are dynamic leaders who can adopt quickly in the environment can
create good decisions for the company.

BOOK TITLE: Ethics 101

AUTHOR: John C. Maxwell
BOOK NUMBER: HF 5387 M39 2005
Chapter 1: What Happened to Business Ethics?
The same person who cheats on his taxes or steals office supplies wants honesty and
integrity from the corporation whose stocks he buys, the politician he votes for, and the
client he deals in his own business.
Many people nowadays want to have change in the country and in their
businesses. They grew sick of dishonesty and unethical dealings in every area of the
environment, may it be in politics, businesses, schools, restaurants and in any industry
that they belong to. People keep asking why is ethics in its terrible state, because they
do so for one of three reasons. First would be we do whats most convenient. We tend
to compromise in such situations if we are being squeezed in some circumstances that
affect our ethics, our principles, and our faith. We do this because we want to stay away
from situations that can harm us fully. We want to be convenient in such a way that no
one would recognize us opposing to what they want to do may it be good or bad idea.
Second would be that we do what we must to win. The perception of some individuals
are very firm, so firm that they dont care what can happen to other people just to
pursue what they want to achieve even though they might step on someone and their
integrity as a person. Last would be, we rationalize our choices with relativism, we think
that the right is determined by the situation and can justify anything like lying, cheating
or even murder. This affects our social behavior to our environment. Everyone has his
own standards, which change from situation to situation.
Chapter 3: The Golden Rule Begins With You
When dealing with others, seek first to understand, then to be understood
The questions that might affect ourselves as individual whether we are in
different industry is to ask ourselves on how do we want to be treated. Identifying this
question can affect you and other people around you. First is that we all want to be
valued in every position that we are in to. Treatment to each other is very important,
you can see nowadays that some businesspeople treat their employees unfairly which
makes them insulted and hurt. Then, this will trigger an attitude which is unfavorable to
each and every one of you. More worst than that, they might leave your company. An
individual also wants to be appreciated, with all the efforts that they put into their work
just to provide an excellent work must be appreciated, all the hard work of each person
who did their best in order to produce the best output for you in you business needs to
be recognized and appreciated in their work or better yet give them something that
would boost up their spirit and give respect to the person. Also, you also want to be
treated with respect and trusted. In order to get trust you should trust the person first

because you cannot force the person to trust you in everything that you do. You should
strive to invest confidence in others in the same way you would like it invested in you.
Like what Camillo Benso di Cavour said, The man who trusts men will make fewer
mistakes than he who distrusts them. Then you should be understood by the people
around you. Not taking advantage to every situation in time.
Chapter 4: Living a 24-Karat-Gold Life
There are really only three kinds of people. Those who dont succeed, Those who
achieve success temporarily, and those who become and remain successful. Character is
only way to sustain success.
Character is the key to living a life of integrity and ethical excellence. Many
people talk about doing the right thing, but action is the true measure of character. In
life, there are a lot of things in life that we cant choose, such as your parents, your
height, your weight, the place where you are born. But there are some critical things
every person does choose. We choose our faith, our attitude, and our character. And
also trust is essential when working with people. Character renders trust. That makes
the character brings lasting success with people.
Decisions, not conditions, determine you ethics. People with poof character tend
to blame their choices on circumstances. Ethical people make good choices regardless of
circumstances. If they make enough good choices, they begin to create better
conditions for themselves. Wrong decisions leaves scars. Every time people make wrong
decisions, there is an impact, even if they dont immediately notice it. the best example
in this would be John Maxwells. There was a father who was trying to teach his son the
consequences of bad decisions. Each time the boy made a poor decision, his father
asked him to hammer a nail into a post. Each day that he made good choices, he was
asked to remove a nail. In time, after much hammering and much pulling, there came a
day when the wood was nail-free. Thats when the boy noticed that the post was
covered with holes.

BOOK TITLE: The Right Thing

AUTHOR: Jeffrey L. Seglin
BOOK NUMBER: HF 5387 S434 2003

Chapter 3: Bosses (Bosses beware when bending the truth)

Each sworn lie by an admired leader will take us that one step closer to being a
nation of liars
As a leader, we should be open to every area of business and to our team. When
we are accused and proven that we are swearing to a lie our credibility of being a leader
or a boss may shatter and youre every move and motive suspect. When the people see
what are we doing, as a leader and being admired by the people under our authority,
might imitate what we are doing, may it be right or wrong. We should be careful on how
we live and perform in a workplace, because we may be the only one your people look
up to. As long as theres this raging ambiguity and theres no accountability, people will
start generating more and more lax responses or neglecting reaction to morally
ambiguous situations. Telling the whole truth sometimes might be too harsh or too
cruel, but we should be ready for this kind of situations and admit it. or better yet, we
can tell it in a subtle way.
Chapter 4: Privacy
You got mail, youre being watched. An employee had complained to the
human resources department after receiving an email containing inappropriate
material, meaning of-color jokes, pornography and so on.
Doing such pranks might affect the company and those who works inside. Even
though the prank that you did is meant or not, you are still affecting their companys
employees and employers as well. In effect to this statement, they found out that a
large number of associates were involved in distributing such messages resulting to
dismissal of 19, warned 41 and allowed 1 to resign. But when you try to monitor the
email sent on the company workplace. But there are conflicting ethical imperatives at
work when manager considers a monitoring policy. You wouldnt want to work in an
environment where this kind of things goes on. The invasion of privacy makes the
employee unease. In this high-tech world, a remarkably old-fashioned rule of thumb
applies: dont do what you wouldnt want to be caught doing.
Chapter 5: Lying, Cheating, and Stealing (Big theft, Small theft: Is there a difference?)
It is better to create an ethical climate where employees see themselves as
stewards trusted with some reasonable discretion over their use of the companys
resources.
Everything from vanishing pens to stolen time to multi-million stealing is
grouped together that has a word called Stealing. Stealing time in a workplace is not
just cheating in time, but doing nothing in your workplace and saying that you are just
there sitting around doing nothing is a form of stealing. That is why you have a work

because you need to do something which in return, you get your salaries in which you
equally earned.
But the dilemma is when we categorize theft in the workplace as one big
category. Rules may make it easier for employees and employers to know whats
allowed and whats not. Enforcing such policies cant anticipate every situation like for
example, stealing paperclips. But if we create an ethical environment in the workplace,
we can lessen this kind of stealing and I think this would be the best solution after all.

BOOK TITLE: Business Ethics (Third Edition)

AUTHOR: Carmelita Miranda Gow & Gregorio S. Miranda
BOOK NUMBER: HF 5387 M57 2000
Chapter 2 : Good Ethics in Business
A free country cannot grow and prosper in the absence of good business
ethics
This makes the businessman appreciate the duty as a citizen to provide various
solutions and considerations to ethical problems that confront them in their daily
businesses. This will affect not only the other people who are under it but it will affect
their self-interest as well. They will be enlightened in their conscience thinking that what
they are doing is right at the same time earning in a good manner. With this kind of
thinking, they themselves would know that they are part of building the nation into its
best making their nation prosperous in every way. Conducting themselves ethically
makes their business safe in some terms but this will not be the complete solution in
your dilemma. This will be the start of the good business you are into. Although we
dont take this seriously at times because we thought that this Golden Rule is being used
by everyone and it doesnt apply to your business, but it should be the foundation and
one of the pillars of your business. This principle can result to positive thinking and
ethical actions that is being expressed feely.
Chapter 13: Customer Relations
When these customers make purchases of goods, they like to think that in so
doing their actions are well appreciated by the company management. Since they are
the be-ball of every business, it follows that regardless of their appearance, their
manners, or the quality of merchandise they ask for, it behooves every salesperson to
treat them with utmost courtesy and respect.
In spite of the seminars that were held in the businesses for the salesperson,
there are instances when salesperson exhibits an unacceptable behavior. Some
instances the salesperson looks only on the appearance of the person and suddenly
jumped into conclusion which offended the customers. Having a good relation to your
customers is one of the key to a successful business because you make your customer
patronize your product regardless of the product itself but with respect and courtesy
that you give them making every customer special in every situation. Good will is an
asset that a business acquires because of the favorable attitude of the public towards
the business. It results from ethical treatment accorded to the customers. No matter if
they look like they belong to a lower class of environment or upper class. There are
situations that individual who looks like filthy rich person might belong to a lower class
and vice-versa.

Chapter 16: Deception and Frauds

Deceptions and frauds in whatever form have no place in the civilized society.
Yet, they continue to persist particularly in the field of business. For as long as man is
motivated by greed, they will always be present in our society.
Pyramid scam is the best example for this kind of misbehavior. It is where the
gullible investors who desire in doubling their money were victims of fraud. In some
businesses they use this kind of strategy in order to make money easily. The country is
full of people who believes anything that is why they sometimes fall into some traps of
business. This is why this kind of business continues to grow and succeed because of the
ignorance of the people and the agreement of the selfish consumers who seek
something for nothing shares responsibility with the greedy producers eager for profits.
They are not aware of what kind of business are they entering just having a firm thought
that their money will grow and grow. This kind of people who are ignorance of the
environment must be educated and be given the right knowledge.

BOOK TITLE: Ethics On The Job

AUTHOR: Raymond Pfeiffer & Ralph Forsberg
BOOK NUMBER: HF 5387 P45 2000
Chapter 1: Ethics and Ethical Decision Making
To act ethically is, at the very least, to strive to act in ways that do not hurt
other people; that respect their dignity, individuality, and uniquely moral value; and that
treat others as equally important to oneself. If you believe these are worthwhile goals,
then you have a reason to act ethically. If you do not believe that these are worthwhile
goals for human beings to pursue, then you may believe that it is not important to act
ethically.
Many people, however, seem to think that they can live their lives in ways that
are ethical much of the time but unethical to at other times. If our way of living may
lead to lose ones trust in you and weaken their good behavior is unethical. We should
be careful on how we live because when we build our relationship to other people we
have this trust that is built to each and every one of us. We should treat others fairly
and justly, we want to understand their feelings as well. We should not think something
against them just to survive the business of as a person. We should act ethically so that
we wont violate something that can greatly affect the person in every area. We should
decide things that would help not just you but for the betterment of the other people. I
think this is acting ethically.
Chapter 2: Ethical Principles (Self- Interest)
Self interest is not often thought of as an ethical principle. An ethical principle
must be consistent with the principle of equal consideration of interest, which imposes
a limitation of self-interest
Business people think about their business every time. They think of some ways
in improving their strategies in the areas of marketing, innovativeness, training, sales,
operations, monitoring and profitability. They mostly think about their selves just
because they own the business that I also agree. In order to improve ones business is to
learn how to balance and manipulate their self-interest. Self-interest can make or break
a person because you will decide if you are going to make profit in a good or bad way.
Some people tend to follow their self-interest and not looking on the effect that it might
cause other people to be harmed. They tend to overlook the situation around them
because of their selfish self-interest. When they follow their self-interest, they step on
other people or destroy their credibility and greatly affect the society. We should take
into consideration all the things around us before deciding or pursuing or own interest.
We should manage to understand the cause and effect of every situation in considering
new ideas. This ethical principle can help us to grow together as individual and as a
society.

Chapter 6: Personal Ethical Problems for Analysis

Hey, no offense, but it wasnt it his choice to smoke? No one forced him. If he
kept smoking after the surgeon general report and all the negative publicity. Id say it
was his choice and he decided to take the risk. And besides, doesnt the company say
that the surgeon general report is not 100 percent proof that smoking leads to lung
cancer?
This is a quote from the book in which the person working in a tobacco company
realizes the effect of this. But in the end they came to a conclusion that it is the users
choice if he wants to smoke or not in spite of the given warnings to the user. I agree to
this statement, but the problem is that the person who produces this kind of stuff is not
that ethical to the person who uses it. I believe that the selfish self-interest took over his
mind resulting to bad effect to other people as well. If there is not smoke to be
distributed, then there is no choice to decide. We should consider all of the people who
are being affected by the product.

BOOK TITLE: How Good People Make Tough Choices

AUTHOR: Rushworth M. Kidder
BOOK NUMBER: HF 5387 K52 2003
Chapter 2: Right Versus Wrong: Why Ethics Matters
Violation of law. Kinds of wrongdoing involve failure to compliance can arise
ignorantly or intentionallyeither because we dont know the law and its applications,
or because we willfully choose to violate the law.
People tend to excuse themselves by saying that they dont know what they just
did and they dont know that the things that they have done are wrong. Some people
does it intentionally because they disagree to the law and some situations that occur
unexpectedly. But I think ignorance of the law is not an excuse in doing such
misbehavior. As an individual, he should be concerned to himself and also in his
surroundings in order to distinguish the right and wrong doings. I think they violate the
law because of the lack of self-governance. They should be responsible enough to be
aware in their society and the area that they are living in.
Chapter 3: Ethical Fitness
Obedience to the Unenforceable. Large and important domain in which there
are rules neither positive law nor absolute freedom. In that domain there is no law
which inexorably determines our course of action, and yet we feel that we are not free
to choose as we would. It grades from consciousness of a duty nearly as a strong
positive law, to a feeling that the matter is all but question of personal choice. It is the
domain of obedience to the unenforceable. That obedience is the obedience of a man to
that which he cannot be forced to obey. He is the enforcer of the law upon himself
It is hard to obey to something that is not being enforced. We determine this by
asking ourselves if how we govern ourselves in order to be ethical. In doing an act, we
try to analyze if it is good or bad then we try to figure out if it will affect other people as
well. The enforcer of this law is no other than us. This will test on how we are to other
people and how we react to the situations around us. This will sum up to a personal
choice, if we know how to govern our self rightly then we should enforce our law to our
self that will help yourself as well as the other people in the situation. It is hard to follow
a law that is based on you. This law can make of break people around you or even
yourself.

Chapter 4: Core Values

Four ways to consider in ethical practice: Is it the truth? Is it fair to all
concerned? Will it build Goodwill and better friendships? Will it be beneficial to all
concerned?
Before we do the things that we think, say and do we should ask first this four
questions. We should always think that the thing that you are going to do, think or say is
the truth and not a made up thing. Then we try to consider all the persons who are
concerned in this decision, saying that it should be fair to everyone. It should not make
anyone stumble with the kind of decision that you are into. Also think that the
consequences of your decisions or your actions making your environment build goodwill
and create friendships. Not curse and a source of persecution to other people. Lastly we
must think that it is fair to all concerned, it should be beneficial at all. We dont want to
be the source of fight or using other people only as a stepping stone.

BOOK TITLE: Whats Right and Wrong in Business

AUTHOR: Raphael Gomez
BOOK NUMBER: HF 5387 66513 1992
Chapter 2: Ethical Doctrines
Ethics is based on the distinction between what can physically be done and
what can ethically be done. It is clear that in these two phrases the word can has a
different meanings. Not everything that can physically be done can ethically be done. In
other words, not everything that is possible is ethical
What we perceive what we want is not just the thing that we should take into
account. We should be concerned about the other people who will be affected with this
kind of decision. Before making a decision, we should deliberate with our minds who are
the person who will be affected with you decision.
We can say that all things are permissible but not all things are beneficial. We
should bear in mind that it can emotional impact to the people who will be disturb. In
every work that we are into we should consider the right thing and avoid all the
wrongdoings of the society considering the fact that we are in the world full of
compromises. We should take stand and do what is right. And we will have the right
attitude towards the circumstances that is used to be compromised in the business. If
we did the right choice, we also saved the life of other people and you as well.
Chapter 4: The Meaning of Business Ethics
Ethics is seen as Gods will reflected in human actions. Man of course must
maintain a personal relationship with God and this relationship is prayer.
I strongly believe in this statement because I know God wants the best for us
while having the right attitude and equality with each other. It is like the Ten
Commandments in your company in which you are responsible in facing the
consequences of what you are doing. If you did something wrong you sin against the
company, the person involved, your conviction, and God. Filling the world with good
things like acts of great worth is something really good and at the same time beautiful.
Business ethics doesnt mean that it doesnt fall into this and what is the relationship of
this to the business ethics. We need to remind the businessmen of the principles. this
same thing is true in any other profession. If it is implied in the business then the
organization will be better in terms of better and bigger profits and spirituality in the
workplace. We excel in everything that we do because we all do it for God. And after
that he will shower us with his blessings through business opportunities and favors upon
favors.

Chapter 5: The Meaning of Virtue

Fortitude or firmness is the virtue which helps to resolve difficult questions and
which allows one be in what one has to be in order to put the right means for the end:

in short to resolve difficulty. There are two principles acts of the virtue of fortitude: the
first is to resist, that is to say, bearing with the difficulty, putting up with it manfully;
second is to attack, confronting the obstacle, making use of the necessary means to
overcome it
In this principle, I think resistance is hard to do than to attack. But it is better
because difficulties are better dealt with by a strong defense. In which there are times
that you wont need to attack because it has been dealt with already. But attack I think
is to be used to penetrate the resistance of the enemy, making it weaken at the moment
and imply the true virtue for the business. We cannot do this without patience because
it presupposes that all difficulties can recur in some situations and sometimes disappear
without taking any action by just being patient. If we are hasty, we jump into the
conclusion and sometimes fail because of quick judgement.

BOOK TITLE: Ethical Dilemmas in Business

AUTHOR: Collins and ORourke
BOOK NUMBER: HF 5387 C63 1994
INTRODUCTION: Why Study Ethics?
There are often raised objections to the discussion of ethics: I am ethical
because everything I do is legal. What is legal is not always ethical, and what is ethical is
not always legal. The law is only a guide. It can never translate all our values into what
we should and should not do in all circumstances.
Some people misunderstood the application of ethics in the society. They based
it on the legality of the situation wherein if they do the legal thing they consider that it is
ethical in which they are wrong. They tend not to realize that some of the legal things
are not ethical that is why they are innocent to such kind of things. They lack knowledge
in the area of what is considered being ethical and the relationship of the legal and
ethical practices. For instance, people in other countries know that abortion is legal in
their country that is why they do it without any doubt or hesitation. But when it comes
in being ethical, abortion is strictly not favorable or being tolerated but some people
does not realize this kind of circumstances in which ethics and legality doesnt match
because we are doing something that is not ethically right. We should always consider
the act of we are going to do even though it is legal we must reassess the situation
meaning we should ask our conscience when doing something unethical. Being legal
cannot interpret the act that we must do in some circumstances.
INTRODUCTION: Ethical Theories
Ethics pertains to justifications underlying individual and group decisions that
affect others. Ethical dilemmas occur when one of the options may adversely affect
someone. Often it is said that there are no right answers to ethical dilemmas. This is
wrong.
Ethics is not something personal, it is for everyone. We should always consider
other people when making our decisions and know who will be affected in this instance.
There will be dilemmas when we make our own decisions without taking others into
account. We might destroy ones dignity through our decisions if we are not sensitive
enough in this kind of situations wherein other people are involved. We should give
importance to the decisions that we are going to do even though it is right but when it is
time to consider other people it becomes incorrect and immoral, we should try to
reevaluate our actions and decisions.

ETHICAL ISSUES IN ACCOUNTING: Travel Expense Reports

A vice president asks for a $3000 reimbursement for his travel expenses but
there are discrepancies on his expense statement such as other expenses have no
receipts and other expenses if compared to another employee are significantly larger. If
you to probe further into the matter, he brushes off your questions and he attributes it
to poor memory. He does not want to change the expense report and is quite annoyed
with your approach. He has input in your performance appraisal.
With this kind of situation, I will not compromise because you dont want to
tolerate such kind of acts resulting to sinning. And if you would analyze it further, if for
some reason the cash flow has been audited and being questioned by the company he
could easily deny any involvement an thus shift the blame to you being involved. Even if
it means losing my job or being demoted, I will still do the same thing so that this kind of
doing might stop and put an end to this kind of misbehavior. Even though I will lose my
job at least my conscience makes me sleep and true.

BOOK TITLE: Whats Right and Wrong in Business 2nd Edition

AUTHOR: Raphael Gomez
BOOK NUMBER: HF 5387 G6513 2002
PART 17: WASTING TIME
In principle, we know that there are only two ways to find time. The first consist
in eliminating unnecessary activities: not to do things that need not to be done. The
second is to work more efficiently in essential activities
We can see in work that many times are spent because of the things that are
useless or things that kills time. In the working environment, we are paid by time so we
need to use it as expected by the company. Doing nothing in work is like a form of
stealing because you are paid to have something done. Since you are just doing nothing,
then its stealing. The company will be greatly affected in this situation; it will result to
company ineffectiveness, threat in the employees and profitability.
This is hard to identify this unethical issue, the trust and loyalty of the employees is the
one who must realize this because I think there is no way in identifying this kind of issue.
They employees need to build self-government in a good way so that they will be able
to do their jobs rightfully. We should give our best to make our earnings worth with our
work in the company.
PART 31: UNFAIR COMPETITION
I have always believed that a trademark is the life of an enterprise and that it
must be protected boldy. A trademark and a company name are not just clever
gimmicks; they carry responsibility and guarantee the quality of products. If someone
tries to get a free ride on the reputation and the ability of another who has worked to
build up public trust, it is nothing short of thievery. We were not flattered by this theft
of our name
We should always consider the effect of what we are doing. Like what happened
in Sony, they were not able to protect its registered name in Japan which makes their
name imitated and used by the other company who offers chocolates and other food
products. I believe company name should be taken care of because it is where the trust,
good reputation, and quality of a company. Some people think that company name is
only used for gimmicks and other strategy but they dont know that it is the firm
foundation of a company. It is where they first build their trust giving them a good
reputation in the business industry. Their name dictates the quality of the products that
they are offering to the market. Thinking that using their name is okay for your own
purpose, but that makes it a form of stealing. That is why we should know the law and
not be ignorant about it in business because there are things that we cannot take into
consideration like the Sony foods corporations.

PART 33: THE PRICE OF FRIENDSHIP

Daniel was a personnel manager in the headquarters of a big company. Ismael
was the sales manager of one of the districts. They were very good friends for twenty
years. The company president told him that the district c sales have gone down
drastically and wanted more information to Ismael and brought up the possibility of
having him fired. Daniel knows that it was not a result of Ismaels negligence but it was
due to the cleverness of the competitors.
Having been friends for a long time and knowing each other is a big thing. This is
a conflict between to equally ethical issues because there are no unethical doings in this
case. I think the possible solution is that Daniel should say the truth that giving the
president of the company the accurate information about Ismael but he should also give
a self opinion coming from himself saying that Ismael is doing and giving all hes got and
deserve a second chance just to increase the sales but the mere problem is the
competitors. This is an idea for the president of the company to create a more
competitive approach in their industry. Event if this idea wont work but at least you
tried you best protecting your friends at the same time you job also and not doing
unethical or something that will bother you for the rest of your life.

BOOK TITLE: There is no such thing as Business Ethics

AUTHOR: John Maxwell
BOOK NUMBER: HF 5387 M393 2003
Chapter 2: Why this rule is golden
There are two aspects to ethics: The first involves the ability to discern right
from wrong, good from evil, and proprietary from impropriety. The second involves the
commitment to do what is right, good and proper. Ethics entails action; it is not just a
topic to mull or debate.
We dont just know the difference between rights and wrong, we should do
something about it. We should do what is right and pleasing to Gods eyes. Some people
are playing it safe; they just hear the rules but do not put any action to it. They know
that some of the consequences might harm them. Thats why they are comfortable to
sit and just watch whats going to happen. We should know how to put action on what
we hear, we dont just agree but we should do something to it. We always think of
ourselves, we made decision that will benefit only to us. We should let go of thinking of
our self so that we can accomplish the bigger picture.
Chapter 3: The Golden rule begins with you
Talk to individuals of any age, gender, race, or nationality, and they have certain
things in common. And once you identify those common characteristics, recognizing
them first in yourself and then in others, you hold that key that unlocks the Golden
Rule.
We believe that there are people who have something in common on how they
want to be treated. According to the book, the first thing that is common to them would
be the word value. They want to be valued, in our work; we should treat each other
with value and not treating them as something that is not important. People are
sensitive and it might be the cause of their resignation, not feeling that they are valued.
Second is that they want to be appreciated, people exceed their limitations because
they are very much appreciated. It is a strong encouragement to each and every people
who is working, that makes them feel more reliable and strong. Third is being trusted.
Having the feeling of being trusted is so much; its like the people trust you with their
own life that is why you give your best just to protect them. According to George
Macdonald, to be trusted is greater compliment than to be loved. if you gain trust,
you can have a more honest and fruitful interaction between each other. They also want
to be respected, understood and not taken advantage of.

Chapter 4: Living a 24-Karat-Gold Life

Talent is a Gift---Character is a choice: there are a lot of things in life a person
doesnt get to choose, such as where youre born, who your parents are, and how tall
you are. But there are some critical things every person does choose. We choose our
faith, our attitude, and our character.
Character brings success to people because it is what you use to build and
sustain relationship with each other. This will help you to gain trust with other people
and can depend on you. If you have a character that demonstrate ethical doings can
help you to create a quality of life with content and comfort. Character can impact the
lives of people, this can change how they work, interact and point of view. By being
excellent in what you are doing is one way that they can see that you have a good sense
of character.

BOOK TITLE: How Honesty Pays: Restoring Integrity to the Workplace

AUTHOR: Charles E. Watson
BOOK NUMBER: HF 5387 M37 2005
Chapter 7: Stand Tall: Develop backbone and courage to do the right thing
The real test is in the doing. It is a great day in any life when a person takes a
stand that elicits admiration. Whenever the person stands tall in any difficult situation,
word of it spreads. Others quickly learn who that courageous person is and what that
person stands for. We can also be sure that something else flows from the same
fountain of a persons courageous act.
Doing the right thing is the best thing to do. Even if you are doing the right thing
in small ways will still be a big impact on other people especially on yourself. We should
be careful on how we live because we dont know that some people are looking at us.
When we are having a hard time in a difficult situation we should stand up and believe
on what is right. We should choose what is right and the best for us regardless of the
people who persecute us in times of difficulties in any areas such as business, school,
etc. There will always be the best option, we must consider the things that surround us
and with truth. We should be courageous enough to make that decision.
Chapter 8: Act Boldly on your Convictions: Dont be frozen by fears
When facing decisions or considering opportunities that begs for immediate
action, many people find themselves frozen, unwilling to move on. We should have the
leap of faith.
Many people attained success because of the thing that they attach to their
business and their life, if you greatly believe. Like in the book Walt Disney achieved
greatly because he believed greatly. Because of his unhesitating boldness his idea
brought him to success. If we have boldness and enough faith in our hearts we will get
to our destination. We should not be stumbled by fear thinking that we cant do
anything about it. We will just wait and see what will happen. That mindset should not
be in our way of living, we should think positively and with enough faith to make it
happen and succeed. Believing in what we are doing is the greatest formula to make it
work.
Chapter 15: Improve your ability to perform: Keep your mind alive and growing
Learn from What Others Have to Say. Its never easy to learn the truth about
yourself. Of course, this can be rough especially if one has a long pattern of rejecting all
the little hints that have been coming their way over a long time. While its hard to bear
the painful string of criticisms, wise and honest person ask this question whenever they
hear criticism of themselves: can I tolerate the fruits of my shortcomings?

We should be open and willing to listen on what others want to say to us, may it
be good or bad. We know that sometimes we dont want to accept the fact. We are
having a problem in some area of our lives, behavior or character. We must know these
things so that we can be more conscious to ourselves and try to figure out the problem.
After figuring out the problem, we should find ways to solve them. Our friends are there
to help us to become the good person. We are being molded and refined when we are
criticized by other people that concerns us or playing a part in our lives. Accepting the
truth is the hardest thing to do because our personality is being checked as well as our
heart. We should accept and learn from what others have to say even though its not
good. Some people try to filter the good things from the bad. They only look and get the
good things and dispose the criticisms. If you try to learn what you only want to know,
surely you will not grow as a person.

BOOK TITLE: Information Security and Ethics: Social and Organizational Issues
AUTHOR: Marian Quigley
Chapter V: Web Accessibility for Users with Disabilities: A Multi-Faceted Ethical
Analysis
When designing information systems, it is important to consider the needs of
users with disabilities, including those with visual impairment, hearing impairment and
color-blindness. This is especially important for designing websites. It takes time and
money to create or redesign website for easy access users with disabilities. This is also
known as Web Accessibility.
We think that the only users of the web are just normal persons like us, but we
tend to forget that there are some people who are interested in using the web. Even
though it is hard for them, they still try their best just to access the web. In creating a
web, we should not only consider or generalize the person who will use the web as a
normal person. Because this limits the disabled person to maximize their potential when
it comes to Information Technology and these also makes us a little bit unethical
without recognizing the facts. We should make our interface more accessible to all
considering their disabilities. For example, not all people can use the mouse so we need
to look for some ways that will also benefit those people who cant use the mouse. But
in the industry today, we just make things without considering those people who cant
use it. We just want to boost our sales forgetting the accessibility for the disabled
persons.
Chapter VII: Protection of Minors from Harmful Internet Content
The internet provides access to speech both conventional and unconventional.
Some speech is considered harmful to minors. This chapter discusses the important
social issue of how to best protect minors from such speech without violating the free
speech rights of adults.
Internet is a big influence in our world today, which makes it good and bad in
some terms. We dont know what the kinds of people who access the internet are but
we know that there are different kinds of people who use it. Some of them are teens,
adults and kids which has different kinds of communicating to each other. There are
some sites that are restricted to children because there are things that they shouldnt
read or see. As an IT person we should consider the security and contents of our sites
especially if our sites have some harsh things or images that are not yet suitable to
children. Like what some sites are doing now, they verify first if the person is already
above the required level in accessing the site through letter confirmation or copying
what is written in the images. Minors get and absorb the things that they read, see or
hear.

Chapter X: Cryptography: Deciphering its Progress

The emphasis and increased awareness of information security require an
understanding and knowledge of technology that supports it. As the risk and complexity
of security keep growing along with the development of the internet and e-commerce,
securing information has become utmost importance. With the worries of cyber
terrorism, hackers, and white collar crimes, the demand for a stronger security
mechanism in cryptography becomes apparent. Although wireless cryptography is still in
its infancy, there are encryption technologies that may support the limitations of mobile
device.
Being a regular person who uses the net, we are not that educated when it
comes to security. Such as sending emails, we thought that no one could interrupt the
mail and do something about it. We think just pressing the send button then there,
everythings ok now. But what we do not know is that there are people who are
invading your privacy especially if you are an important person. There are some people
who hack your information without noticing it, that is why cryptography is a very good
help in securing emails. Cryptography transforms your mail into some scripts that cant
be understood then when the mail get into its destination, it will decrypt so that the
receiver will see the content. With Cryptography, we can lessen the infiltration of our
privacy in cyberspace. And its continuous improvement will make it more stronger and
tougher in security.

BOOK TITLE: Ethical and Social Issues In The Information Age

AUTHOR: Joseph Migga Kizza
Chapter 5: Anonymity, Security, Privacy and Civil Liberties
Increasing demand for information and easier access to it have also created
challenges. We have come to learn that information is a treasure in itself: The more you
have, the better. Having valuable intellectual, economic, and social information creates
enormous opportunities and advantages for an individual because information has
become a vital resource in this information age.
Even though information is a treasure, it can also be a liability; for example, we
are constantly seeking ways to acquire, keep, and dispose of it. We want to make sure
that what is seen and heard privately does not become public without our consent.
In the growing world of information technology, each information becomes a
vital role in this modern age. Because information contributes a lot to the people, they
use this in order to gain competitive edge between each and every people who are in
the community. Most of the people can now get a hold of the technology because it
became cheaper and easy to use. These things can be the cause of danger in our
security and privacy in cyberspace. Some people tend to hack information sometimes
just to be recognized, for fun or to gain competitive edge. With these things becoming
more possible and trying to prevent this kind of happening, we cant blame anyone else.
It boils down to one answer and that would be ourselves. We should know our
limitations when we are in cyberspace. We must consider other people when doing
something that we think it can affect or destroy the person. We should give respect and
a sense of privacy to one another. Even though they invented new things to make your
information secured like encryption, we should be sensitive enough in our activities.
Chapter 9: Computer Crimes
The danger is real; the ability to unleash harms and terrorize millions of people,
thus causing widespread panic, is possessed by many. The arena to play the game is
global, and there is no one who can claim a monopoly on such attacks. The universality
of cyber attacks creates a new dimension to cyberspace security. In fact, it makes it very
difficult to predict the source of the next big attack, let alone identify trouble spots,
track and apprehend hackers, and put a price on the problem that is increasingly
becoming a nightmare to computer systems administrators, the network community,
and users in general.
According to the e-book, the crimes are mainly focused on two aspects: Virus
and Hacking. Virus is a self-propagating program that is created to destroy you
computer. Hacking is one form of getting information to other people without
authorization. They penetrate your computer until they get the information that they

wanted. Until now the people are having a hard time protecting and stopping this kind
of crimes. Some of the motives of the people who are doing this are just for recognition.
They want to be known in the cyberspace and want to be talked about. This is one form
of their fulfillment. Sometimes they do this as a form of joke or prank. Doing this just for
fun can disturb the people with their work and what they are doing. Politics can also be
considered in this, in fight for power they will do anything in order to build or destroy
personalities who are in politics or running for it. Business espionage and hate can also
considered a crime, stealing information just to gain competitive edge and hating
someone just to destroy the person. These crimes are very harmful to every person, we
need to be alert and be ready for anything that can happen.
Chapter 11: Cyberspace and Cyber Ethics
Ideally, as communities, which for years have been separated by languages,
culture, history, politics, religion, and geography, come together, Kungs and Hiroikes
minimal fundamental consensus of binding values, standards, and fundamental moral
attitudes will begin to emerge in cyberspace. Indeed, cases of such emergence have
already started to appear in many cyberspace communities as the etiquettes of
cyberspace. Starting small among cyberspace communities, these etiquettes will
eventually amalgamate, mutate, and spread into global cyberethics.
Creating a guideline in accessing the cyberspace is good thing to minimize the
things that they are doing. People will be reminded and advised on what they should
not do in the cyberspace. Even though some people will not follow this kind of
statement, but it will surely lessen the occurrences of the unfavorable things in the
cyberspace. This is a form to educate the people who are just starting or having
questions running on their mind. This will help the people to become ethical and give
respect to other peoples privacy. This is also a good start in making the whole world
agree to one standard. At least we agree to a single standard even though we are in
different locations.

BOOK TITLE: The Future Of Ideas

AUTHOR: Lawrence Lessig
Chapter 7: Creativity In Real Space
There was a time before the Internet. Innovation and creativity were different
then. I dont mean that creators were different then or that the process of creativity has
changed. But the constraints on creativity and innovation were different. This difference
can be expressed at each layer of Yochai Benklers system. Because the physical, and
code, and content layers were controlled differently, the opportunities for innovation
were different.
Creativity in the cyberspace is different in the physical. The difference of
cyberspace means that the rules that govern that space may be different as well.
Creativity are sometimes called as piracy, that is for those who are not that educated
well in the cyberspace. Someones work in the cyberspace is being based in order to
recreate a new idea from that work. For example, music is being remixed and edited as
a form of recreating for personal discovery and idea. People uses the cyberspace in
order to introduce a new innovation in the internet such as youtube, ebay and other
things that makes it popular, useful, effective and efficient. The internet created new
channels of innovation that would help the industry in making a big impact.
Chapter 8: Innovation from the Internet
The Internet is a set of protocols. These protocols make new digital products
possible. These are products that could not, or would not, have been built before the
Net. Among these we could include the dynamically generated maps with driving
directions; massive translation engines, covering scores of languages, translating texts
and Web sites on the fly; and on-line dictionaries covering hundreds of languages that
otherwise would not be available except in the largest libraries. But lets focus on a few
of these products and their relationship to the architecture of the Net.
The Internet is also used to produce or to introduce new products in the
internet. Some innovations are made in the cyberspace like eBooks, audios, videos, and
some other things that is made known through the internet. All of the products are
being offered in the internet which cut the cost of the taxes paid and there are cheaper
items that you can find in the internet. These are good information sources that the
people can use. But the main problem is some people might copy or pirate the authors
work. In order to solve this, according to Lessig we should embrace the idea that our
work should be shared to other people for personal use. Works that are used in
commercial uses should be sued and be taken into legal considerations. Like creative
commons, this is used if you are using others work and needed some copyright
authorization. Creative commons helps the user to copyright some of the information
that was used in the personal work.

Chapter 14: Alt.Commons

the net has created a world where content is free. Napster is the most salient
example of this world, but it is not the only one. At any time a user can select the
channel of music he or she wants. A song from your childhood? Search on the lyrics and
find a recording. Within seconds you can hear any music you want.
The internet has been very helpful in terms of getting files for free like music
shared by napster. The Industry called this kind of giving out free music as theft. The
subject we must confront is whether this free dissemination should remain to be free. I
think you can call it an infringement of copyright if the person is getting the whole
album from the internet. But in the case of sharing a specific file, I think they should
consider it as a form of advertisement. Like what Ive read in other article, if the person
only wants a specific song in an album they will surely find a way to get that specific
song.

CASE STUDIES

Reaction: The Andhra Pradesh e-Governance Story

Issue: Can it also happen in the Philippines?
I strongly believe that the Andhra Pradesh e-Governance Story can also take
place here in our country. In the first place, we are more stable when it comes to
economy compared to India. We also know how to adapt to changes easily. When the
technological products came out in the market, we tend to master the use of the
product easily. But there are also some people who are afraid of change especially the
older people because they want to do it manually just to make sure that the job there is
done. When the time comes, we can persuade them to use the technology in doing
businesses and transactions that will help them to do their job easily.
E-Governance can only manifest if those who are going to implement it will not
think of themselves but for the betterment of the country. If the people who are in
authority of implementing such system think that the output of this system will help not
only for themselves but for the people who voted for them as well. This will hinder the
corruption in the Philippines and surely it will gain the trust of the people in paying their
dues. The main problem is that the one who will implement the system are those who
steal the money for their own good. They will think that this kind of governance it a
complete disaster to them because they are the one who will be greatly affected. Like in
the elections, there are proposed systems that will automate the voting process and will
accurately know the winner of the election in a just manner are being hindered by the
officials who does the election process. Because they know that it will hold back their
hidden agendas so they try to get in the way with the proposal.
Everything will turn upside-down when a person who is in authority will be
enlightened with the situation happening around us and will decide and implement the
e-Governance here in the Philippines to automate all the necessary transactions and
decrease the occurrences of corruption in the country. It will have an advantage for
party, the government and the people. The government will have an ease in doing
transactions and doing a lot of jobs because this will be done through computers and be
monitored by the officers in charge. Same goes for the people who will use the system
because they will feel that they are treated equally eliminating the bribery in some
departments and it will also give them ease in paying their bills, taxes and other
concerns in their possessions.
I know that this can happen; we should have the right attitude and positive
outlook towards this kind of governance.

THE ANNAPURNA SALT STORY: Public Health and Private Enterprise

1. What is the role of NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) in BOP markets
according to Prahalad?Do you agree with this position?
NGO serve as an interface between people, especially those who are poor and
needy, and the private sector/governments. They form a link between those who have
and those who do not have. The strength of the NGO is competence, commitment,
credibility, collaboration and advocacy. They are the one who educates the people in
order to create a better quality of life in such kind of situations.
2. According to Rekha Balu of Fast Company, "poor people ... can become just as
discerning about brands as rich customer". Do you agree with this statement? Is this
applicable in the Philippines?
Yes, because brands has a way of defining people. For example, if you are
wearing branded clothes
people would notice that kind of brand you are wearing
and identify you belonging to a higher class. This can be applicable in the Philippines
because of the culture in which we tend to be critical about details. In this country,
Media plays a big role in influencing us regarding such matter. That is why we are able
to discern brands.
3. What is the nature of the breakthrough of K15 Technology in your own words?
K15 makes the iodine more stable compared to spraying a solution of some
iodizing agent. Because some of the iodine is escaping due to some environmental
conditions which makes the salt unhealthy even though it was sprayed with an iodizing
agent. K15 creates a protection in which they are designed to react in conditions which
makes the salt even healthier regardless of the transportation storage and cooking.
4. What are the issues/difficulties in branding something like salt according to Vishal
Dhawan?
People who are having a hard time differentiating the kind of products that they
are going to buy. People want the assurance of high-quality, hygienic food product
which is often difficult to differentiate in something like salt. Consumers are looking for
a brand to provide them with that trust.
5. Why is the Annapurna evolution necessary according to Vishal Dhawan?
Annapurna needs to give reasons for the market to expand and that has
happened. The number of re-launches is not too frequent in this market. Because the
name has remained the same throughout, each launch has going back with the
strongest, most relevant and prospective. They need to gain market share each time.

6. What would the nature of the "differentiator" for Dr. Amitava Pramanik?
It has developed in the composition which would be marketed as the most
pure salt. After the launch, sales and market research indicated that consumers were
more interested in the appearance and taste of salt than its chemical properties. They
develop a technology that could guarantee that substantial iodine would not be lost
during storage, transport, and cooking, and that 15ppm were actually delivered to
customers. It is satisfied by the K15 technology.
7. What is the effect of advertising for the marketing strategy for Annapurna with K15?
The salt team believes all mothers are motivated by the same dreams of bright,
healthy children. All of Annapurnas advertisement conveys this message. The
infomercial was successful and made a big impact to the people in whom the message
was retained with full honesty and concern emphasizing that Annapurnas salt is
different.
8. What are the innovations of HLL with regards to transporting salt?
HLL began to use rail, mitigating some the problems with trucking and earning an
edge on competitors. With this system, there is an increased amount of salt which can
be transported in one shipment
9. What is Project Shakti and what are its goals?
Shakti utilizes womens self-help groups(SHG) for entrepreneur development
training to operate as a rural direct-to-home sales force, educating customers on the
health and hygiene benefits of HLL brands and nurturing relationships to reinforce the
HLL message. The goal of the Project Shakti is to increase their reach in rural market,
attempt to increase awareness and change attitudes regarding usage of the various
product categories and catalyze rural affluence and drive growth of the market.
10. How would you imagine SANGA, an "e-tailing program for daily ordering and
delivery"? If youwere its designer how would you describe it?
It is an ordering system that will automatically send order if it reaches the critical
level in the inventory system. Then it will assign the truck, the driver, and the person
in-charge of the delivery. It should also have customer information system so that they
could track the customer and give them some benefits and discounts for their loyalty.
11. Project Shakti caters exclusively to men. There have been requests for men to
becomeShakit dealers but HLL turned them down. If you were the decision-maker,
would you allowmen to become Shakti dealers? Why?

I will still not allow them because we all know that a woman creates an influence
to their families. They have more knowledge and mastery when it comes to these kinds
of selling of products. Women knows best when it comes to household products
because they are the one who make groceries for their family.
12. What is i-Shakti? As an IM student how can you improve i-Shakti?
An information-technology-based initiative aimed at providing solutions for rural
information needs. It makes each dealer have a computer at her home with internet and
email access. Makes the villagers use the computers to learn about crops, health
solution, and hygiene solutions that HLL brands and its partner companies offer.
I think I could use this technology by creating an e-commerce website, since they
use the internet they could order the things that they needed at the same time pay for
it. They could also advertise and offer products at the same time.
13. HLL's would-be competitors decided to have a watch-and-wait policy. If you were a
would-be competitor for HLL would you decide to get into HLL's market? Why? How?
Yes, I think competition in business never stops. You just need to find a way to
improve or innovate your products. If I cant make it to the market if I used product
prices, I think I can penetrate the market by being ethical. Providing the products with
honesty and concern will help to build your market. Even if it is expensive, but if you see
that it is a need and will improve the quality of life of the people who are concern it will
surely be patronized.
14. Should HLL keep their K15 technology proprietary? Why?
Yes, because it is your edge among the competitors. It is you well protected
secret that is the source of your income. If you will share it to your competitors, it might
be the source of you downfall that is why big companies like coca-cola and Pepsi
survived this kind of food industry for many years because of their secret formula in
creating their products.
15. Do you think a program like Project Shakti would succeed in the Philippines? What
do youthink would be some of the anticipated difficulties?
Yes, it would even help the company to cut its cost because it increase brand
awareness, developing new channels, and social impact. We have a similar culture in
India when it comes to the women influencing the necessities of the family and some
household products. The only problem would be when the other company imitates not
only the product but also the health benefits of this. Filipinos are known for being a
good imitator in every area of the industry. When the Filipinos see that this kind of

product will hit the market, they will make similar product with the same purpose
dividing your market.
REFERENCES:
Section 2: Known Problems and Known Solutions: What is the missing link? The
Annapurna Salt Story: Public Health and Private Enterprise pp.177 - 204

1. Define security and privacy. Why are both important in the information age?
It is important in the information age because with the evolution to
technology, access to everything is possible that is why we should know
our limitations when it comes to being secured. Security is a process to
check unauthorized access, use, alteration or damage to someones
property. Privacy is the capability of a person or group to isolate their
information about themselves that might reveal their personality without
permission.
2. What is anonymity? Discuss two forms
Anonymity as stated is the absence of identity. Pseudo-identity means
that an individual is identified by his/her pseudonym, code or number.
This is frequently used in the witness protection program. Another one
is untraceable identity which means one is not known by any name
including pseudo names.
3. Discuss the importance of anonymity on the internet
Anonymity is very important because it will help to secure you sensitive
information. They will not get you information that easily because they
dont know enough information about you. This can lessen theft, access
of unauthorized files and any other misbehavior acts.
4. Is total anonymity possible? Is it useful?
Yes, but it is not useful because when doing business or communications
online, you need to leave information in which they would be able to see
that you are really doing business. If you want to be total anonymity you
can just visit sites but not interact with them.
5. Develop two scenariosone dealing with ethical issues involving security, and
the other dealing with ethical issues involving privacy
Ethical issues and privacy, when sending email to your friend you do not
know if it is interrupted or altered of being read by other people. Security
and ethics, a person getting you personal information like credit card
number and using it for their own good.
6. Is personal privacy dead?
According to the article personal privacy is dead because the surveillance
technology has progressed to the point that it is possible to identify
individuals walking in the city streets from satellite orbit. All of the
communications are being monitored and all of the personal information
are being kept.
7. List and discuss the major threats to individual privacy

When they are attracted to some prizes shown in the sites in which they
need to go through some registration that needs their private
information. The lack of knowledge of the user in giving out information
8. Identity theft is the fastest growing crime. Why?
Because some individual are not that educated in using computer. They
think that it is alright to send out your information to anybody but they
dont realize that it can be used against them. So they shouldnt be giving
information to other people whom they dont know and by giving enough
information to the site.
9. Why is it so easy to steal a persons identity?
Some of their information is not protected and they are easily deceived
by some people in order to get their personal information.
10. Suggest steps necessary to protect personal identity
Give information enough to be secured.
Use encryptions
Be educated of what is secured and private
Dont just give out information
Dont trust anyone with your password
Dont get carried away by strangers
11. Governments are partners in the demise of personal privacy
Government requires the individual to supply their information in any
government organization that is necessary for work, business, schools,
personal loans, transportation.
12. Anonymity is a doubly edged sword
Anonymity can be an advantage and a disadvantage for the person.
When you are secured with you privacy in the internet, it is an advantage.
When you try go through something that needs information that it is
hard to supply, its an disadvantage.
13. Are the steps given in sections 5.4.5 enough to prevent identity theft? Can you
add more?
Trust only yourself and be responsible with what you are doing
14. What role do special relationships play in identity theft?
When you have so called friends on the internet, that does not mean
that you should be exchanging information with each other. That may be
the source of theft, you may not know that the reason in which the
person is befriending you is to get your private information. Some people
invest in that thing on cyberspace; in short that is their business.
15. Modern day information mining is as good as gold! Why or why not?

If you know the right thing to do you can make information transform
into cold cash. May it be good or bad; like you can hack information to
make money or create business in the internet. You can sell product and
services which can help your customers fulfill their needs.
16. How do consumers unknowingly contribute to their own privacy violations?
People do not know what should be the necessary information to be
given. Sometimes they would just give out information without thinking
or knowing the side effects of their decision. They are easily persuaded
by persons whom they do not know.
17. How has the Financial Services Modernization Act helped companies in
gathering personal information?
The FSMA aimed to restrict financial institutions in sharing customers
information through other parties. They create policies in order to
restrict this kind of information sharing.

Who is Barack Obama?

Barack Obama is a Senator that is currently running against Mrs. Clinton for
Presidency. In his early years Barack Obama was born in Hawaii on August 4th, 1961. His
father, Barack Obama Sr., was born and raised in a small village in Kenya, where he grew
up herding goats with his own father, who was a domestic servant to the British.
Submit a transcript of Barack Obamas landmark speech on race that he gave in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Remarks of Senator Barack Obama: 'A More Perfect Union'
Philadelphia, PA | March 18, 2008
As Prepared for Delivery
"We the people, in order to form a more perfect union."
Two hundred and twenty one years ago, in a hall that still stands across the street, a
group of men gathered and, with these simple words, launched America's improbable
experiment in democracy. Farmers and scholars; statesmen and patriots who had
traveled across an ocean to escape tyranny and persecution finally made real their
declaration of independence at a Philadelphia convention that lasted through the spring
of 1787.
The document they produced was eventually signed but ultimately unfinished. It was
stained by this nation's original sin of slavery, a question that divided the colonies and
brought the convention to a stalemate until the founders chose to allow the slave trade
to continue for at least twenty more years, and to leave any final resolution to future
generations.
Of course, the answer to the slavery question was already embedded within our
Constitution - a Constitution that had at its very core the ideal of equal citizenship under
the law; a Constitution that promised its people liberty, and justice, and a union that
could be and should be perfected over time.
And yet words on a parchment would not be enough to deliver slaves from bondage, or
provide men and women of every color and creed their full rights and obligations as
citizens of the United States. What would be needed were Americans in successive
generations who were willing to do their part - through protests and struggle, on the
streets and in the courts, through a civil war and civil disobedience and always at great
risk - to narrow that gap between the promise of our ideals and the reality of their time.
This was one of the tasks we set forth at the beginning of this campaign - to continue
the long march of those who came before us, a march for a more just, more equal, more
free, more caring and more prosperous America. I chose to run for the presidency at this

moment in history because I believe deeply that we cannot solve the challenges of our
time unless we solve them together - unless we perfect our union by understanding that
we may have different stories, but we hold common hopes; that we may not look the
same and we may not have come from the same place, but we all want to move in the
same direction - towards a better future for our children and our grandchildren.
This belief comes from my unyielding faith in the decency and generosity of the
American people. But it also comes from my own American story.
I am the son of a black man from Kenya and a white woman from Kansas. I was raised
with the help of a white grandfather who survived a Depression to serve in Patton's
Army during World War II and a white grandmother who worked on a bomber assembly
line at Fort Leavenworth while he was overseas. I've gone to some of the best schools in
America and lived in one of the world's poorest nations. I am married to a black
American who carries within her the blood of slaves and slaveowners - an inheritance
we pass on to our two precious daughters. I have brothers, sisters, nieces, nephews,
uncles and cousins, of every race and every hue, scattered across three continents, and
for as long as I live, I will never forget that in no other country on Earth is my story even
possible.
It's a story that hasn't made me the most conventional candidate. But it is a story that
has seared into my genetic makeup the idea that this nation is more than the sum of its
parts - that out of many, we are truly one.
Throughout the first year of this campaign, against all predictions to the contrary, we
saw how hungry the American people were for this message of unity. Despite the
temptation to view my candidacy through a purely racial lens, we won commanding
victories in states with some of the whitest populations in the country. In South
Carolina, where the Confederate Flag still flies, we built a powerful coalition of African
Americans and white Americans.
This is not to say that race has not been an issue in the campaign. At various stages in
the campaign, some commentators have deemed me either "too black" or "not black
enough." We saw racial tensions bubble to the surface during the week before the
South Carolina primary. The press has scoured every exit poll for the latest evidence of
racial polarization, not just in terms of white and black, but black and brown as well.
And yet, it has only been in the last couple of weeks that the discussion of race in this
campaign has taken a particularly divisive turn.
On one end of the spectrum, we've heard the implication that my candidacy is somehow
an exercise in affirmative action; that it's based solely on the desire of wide-eyed liberals
to purchase racial reconciliation on the cheap. On the other end, we've heard my former
pastor, Reverend Jeremiah Wright, use incendiary language to express views that have

the potential not only to widen the racial divide, but views that denigrate both the
greatness and the goodness of our nation; that rightly offend white and black alike.
I have already condemned, in unequivocal terms, the statements of Reverend Wright
that have caused such controversy. For some, nagging questions remain. Did I know him
to be an occasionally fierce critic of American domestic and foreign policy? Of course.
Did I ever hear him make remarks that could be considered controversial while I sat in
church? Yes. Did I strongly disagree with many of his political views? Absolutely - just as
I'm sure many of you have heard remarks from your pastors, priests, or rabbis with
which you strongly disagreed.
But the remarks that have caused this recent firestorm weren't simply controversial.
They weren't simply a religious leader's effort to speak out against perceived injustice.
Instead, they expressed a profoundly distorted view of this country - a view that sees
white racism as endemic, and that elevates what is wrong with America above all that
we know is right with America; a view that sees the conflicts in the Middle East as
rooted primarily in the actions of stalwart allies like Israel, instead of emanating from
the perverse and hateful ideologies of radical Islam.
As such, Reverend Wright's comments were not only wrong but divisive, divisive at a
time when we need unity; racially charged at a time when we need to come together to
solve a set of monumental problems - two wars, a terrorist threat, a falling economy, a
chronic health care crisis and potentially devastating climate change; problems that are
neither black or white or Latino or Asian, but rather problems that confront us all.
Given my background, my politics, and my professed values and ideals, there will no
doubt be those for whom my statements of condemnation are not enough. Why
associate myself with Reverend Wright in the first place, they may ask? Why not join
another church? And I confess that if all that I knew of Reverend Wright were the
snippets of those sermons that have run in an endless loop on the television and You
Tube, or if Trinity United Church of Christ conformed to the caricatures being peddled
by some commentators, there is no doubt that I would react in much the same way
But the truth is, that isn't all that I know of the man. The man I met more than twenty
years ago is a man who helped introduce me to my Christian faith, a man who spoke to
me about our obligations to love one another; to care for the sick and lift up the poor.
He is a man who served his country as a U.S. Marine; who has studied and lectured at
some of the finest universities and seminaries in the country, and who for over thirty
years led a church that serves the community by doing God's work here on Earth - by
housing the homeless, ministering to the needy, providing day care services and
scholarships and prison ministries, and reaching out to those suffering from HIV/AIDS.
In my first book, Dreams From My Father, I described the experience of my first service
at Trinity:

"People began to shout, to rise from their seats and clap and cry out, a forceful wind
carrying the reverend's voice up into the rafters....And in that single note - hope! - I
heard something else; at the foot of that cross, inside the thousands of churches across
the city, I imagined the stories of ordinary black people merging with the stories of
David and Goliath, Moses and Pharaoh, the Christians in the lion's den, Ezekiel's field of
dry bones. Those stories - of survival, and freedom, and hope - became our story, my
story; the blood that had spilled was our blood, the tears our tears; until this black
church, on this bright day, seemed once more a vessel carrying the story of a people
into future generations and into a larger world. Our trials and triumphs became at once
unique and universal, black and more than black; in chronicling our journey, the stories
and songs gave us a means to reclaim memories that we didn't need to feel shame
about...memories that all people might study and cherish - and with which we could
start to rebuild."
That has been my experience at Trinity. Like other predominantly black churches across
the country, Trinity embodies the black community in its entirety - the doctor and the
welfare mom, the model student and the former gang-banger. Like other black
churches, Trinity's services are full of raucous laughter and sometimes bawdy humor.
They are full of dancing, clapping, screaming and shouting that may seem jarring to the
untrained ear. The church contains in full the kindness and cruelty, the fierce
intelligence and the shocking ignorance, the struggles and successes, the love and yes,
the bitterness and bias that make up the black experience in America.
And this helps explain, perhaps, my relationship with Reverend Wright. As imperfect as
he may be, he has been like family to me. He strengthened my faith, officiated my
wedding, and baptized my children. Not once in my conversations with him have I heard
him talk about any ethnic group in derogatory terms, or treat whites with whom he
interacted with anything but courtesy and respect. He contains within him the
contradictions - the good and the bad - of the community that he has served diligently
for so many years.
I can no more disown him than I can disown the black community. I can no more disown
him than I can my white grandmother - a woman who helped raise me, a woman who
sacrificed again and again for me, a woman who loves me as much as she loves anything
in this world, but a woman who once confessed her fear of black men who passed by
her on the street, and who on more than one occasion has uttered racial or ethnic
stereotypes that made me cringe.
These people are a part of me. And they are a part of America, this country that I love.
Some will see this as an attempt to justify or excuse comments that are simply
inexcusable. I can assure you it is not. I suppose the politically safe thing would be to
move on from this episode and just hope that it fades into the woodwork. We can

dismiss Reverend Wright as a crank or a demagogue, just as some have dismissed

Geraldine Ferraro, in the aftermath of her recent statements, as harboring some deepseated racial bias.
But race is an issue that I believe this nation cannot afford to ignore right now. We
would be making the same mistake that Reverend Wright made in his offending
sermons about America - to simplify and stereotype and amplify the negative to the
point that it distorts reality.
The fact is that the comments that have been made and the issues that have surfaced
over the last few weeks reflect the complexities of race in this country that we've never
really worked through - a part of our union that we have yet to perfect. And if we walk
away now, if we simply retreat into our respective corners, we will never be able to
come together and solve challenges like health care, or education, or the need to find
good jobs for every American.
Understanding this reality requires a reminder of how we arrived at this point. As
William Faulkner once wrote, "The past isn't dead and buried. In fact, it isn't even past."
We do not need to recite here the history of racial injustice in this country. But we do
need to remind ourselves that so many of the disparities that exist in the AfricanAmerican community today can be directly traced to inequalities passed on from an
earlier generation that suffered under the brutal legacy of slavery and Jim Crow.
Segregated schools were, and are, inferior schools; we still haven't fixed them, fifty
years after Brown v. Board of Education, and the inferior education they provided, then
and now, helps explain the pervasive achievement gap between today's black and white
students.
Legalized discrimination - where blacks were prevented, often through violence, from
owning property, or loans were not granted to African-American business owners, or
black homeowners could not access FHA mortgages, or blacks were excluded from
unions, or the police force, or fire departments - meant that black families could not
amass any meaningful wealth to bequeath to future generations. That history helps
explain the wealth and income gap between black and white, and the concentrated
pockets of poverty that persists in so many of today's urban and rural communities.
A lack of economic opportunity among black men, and the shame and frustration that
came from not being able to provide for one's family, contributed to the erosion of
black families - a problem that welfare policies for many years may have worsened. And
the lack of basic services in so many urban black neighborhoods - parks for kids to play
in, police walking the beat, regular garbage pick-up and building code enforcement - all
helped create a cycle of violence, blight and neglect that continue to haunt us.
This is the reality in which Reverend Wright and other African-Americans of his

generation grew up. They came of age in the late fifties and early sixties, a time when
segregation was still the law of the land and opportunity was systematically constricted.
What's remarkable is not how many failed in the face of discrimination, but rather how
many men and women overcame the odds; how many were able to make a way out of
no way for those like me who would come after them.
But for all those who scratched and clawed their way to get a piece of the American
Dream, there were many who didn't make it - those who were ultimately defeated, in
one way or another, by discrimination. That legacy of defeat was passed on to future
generations - those young men and increasingly young women who we see standing on
street corners or languishing in our prisons, without hope or prospects for the future.
Even for those blacks who did make it, questions of race, and racism, continue to define
their worldview in fundamental ways. For the men and women of Reverend Wright's
generation, the memories of humiliation and doubt and fear have not gone away; nor
has the anger and the bitterness of those years. That anger may not get expressed in
public, in front of white co-workers or white friends. But it does find voice in the
barbershop or around the kitchen table. At times, that anger is exploited by politicians,
to gin up votes along racial lines, or to make up for a politician's own failings.
And occasionally it finds voice in the church on Sunday morning, in the pulpit and in the
pews. The fact that so many people are surprised to hear that anger in some of
Reverend Wright's sermons simply reminds us of the old truism that the most
segregated hour in American life occurs on Sunday morning. That anger is not always
productive; indeed, all too often it distracts attention from solving real problems; it
keeps us from squarely facing our own complicity in our condition, and prevents the
African-American community from forging the alliances it needs to bring about real
change. But the anger is real; it is powerful; and to simply wish it away, to condemn it
without understanding its roots, only serves to widen the chasm of misunderstanding
that exists between the races.
In fact, a similar anger exists within segments of the white community. Most workingand middle-class white Americans don't feel that they have been particularly privileged
by their race. Their experience is the immigrant experience - as far as they're concerned,
no one's handed them anything, they've built it from scratch. They've worked hard all
their lives, many times only to see their jobs shipped overseas or their pension dumped
after a lifetime of labor. They are anxious about their futures, and feel their dreams
slipping away; in an era of stagnant wages and global competition, opportunity comes
to be seen as a zero sum game, in which your dreams come at my expense. So when
they are told to bus their children to a school across town; when they hear that an
African American is getting an advantage in landing a good job or a spot in a good
college because of an injustice that they themselves never committed; when they're
told that their fears about crime in urban neighborhoods are somehow prejudiced,
resentment builds over time.

Like the anger within the black community, these resentments aren't always expressed
in polite company. But they have helped shape the political landscape for at least a
generation. Anger over welfare and affirmative action helped forge the Reagan
Coalition. Politicians routinely exploited fears of crime for their own electoral ends. Talk
show hosts and conservative commentators built entire careers unmasking bogus claims
of racism while dismissing legitimate discussions of racial injustice and inequality as
mere political correctness or reverse racism.
Just as black anger often proved counterproductive, so have these white resentments
distracted attention from the real culprits of the middle class squeeze - a corporate
culture rife with inside dealing, questionable accounting practices, and short-term
greed; a Washington dominated by lobbyists and special interests; economic policies
that favor the few over the many. And yet, to wish away the resentments of white
Americans, to label them as misguided or even racist, without recognizing they are
grounded in legitimate concerns - this too widens the racial divide, and blocks the path
to understanding.
This is where we are right now. It's a racial stalemate we've been stuck in for years.
Contrary to the claims of some of my critics, black and white, I have never been so nave
as to believe that we can get beyond our racial divisions in a single election cycle, or
with a single candidacy - particularly a candidacy as imperfect as my own.
But I have asserted a firm conviction - a conviction rooted in my faith in God and my
faith in the American people - that working together we can move beyond some of our
old racial wounds, and that in fact we have no choice if we are to continue on the path
of a more perfect union.
For the African-American community, that path means embracing the burdens of our
past without becoming victims of our past. It means continuing to insist on a full
measure of justice in every aspect of American life. But it also means binding our
particular grievances - for better health care, and better schools, and better jobs - to the
larger aspirations of all Americans -- the white woman struggling to break the glass
ceiling, the white man whose been laid off, the immigrant trying to feed his family. And
it means taking full responsibility for own lives - by demanding more from our fathers,
and spending more time with our children, and reading to them, and teaching them that
while they may face challenges and discrimination in their own lives, they must never
succumb to despair or cynicism; they must always believe that they can write their own
destiny.
Ironically, this quintessentially American - and yes, conservative - notion of self-help
found frequent expression in Reverend Wright's sermons. But what my former pastor
too often failed to understand is that embarking on a program of self-help also requires
a belief that society can change.

The profound mistake of Reverend Wright's sermons is not that he spoke about racism
in our society. It's that he spoke as if our society was static; as if no progress has been
made; as if this country - a country that has made it possible for one of his own
members to run for the highest office in the land and build a coalition of white and
black; Latino and Asian, rich and poor, young and old -- is still irrevocably bound to a
tragic past. But what we know -- what we have seen - is that America can change. That is
the true genius of this nation. What we have already achieved gives us hope - the
audacity to hope - for what we can and must achieve tomorrow.
In the white community, the path to a more perfect union means acknowledging that
what ails the African-American community does not just exist in the minds of black
people; that the legacy of discrimination - and current incidents of discrimination, while
less overt than in the past - are real and must be addressed. Not just with words, but
with deeds - by investing in our schools and our communities; by enforcing our civil
rights laws and ensuring fairness in our criminal justice system; by providing this
generation with ladders of opportunity that were unavailable for previous generations.
It requires all Americans to realize that your dreams do not have to come at the expense
of my dreams; that investing in the health, welfare, and education of black and brown
and white children will ultimately help all of America prosper.
In the end, then, what is called for is nothing more, and nothing less, than what all the
world's great religions demand - that we do unto others as we would have them do unto
us. Let us be our brother's keeper, Scripture tells us. Let us be our sister's keeper. Let us
find that common stake we all have in one another, and let our politics reflect that spirit
as well.
For we have a choice in this country. We can accept a politics that breeds division, and
conflict, and cynicism. We can tackle race only as spectacle - as we did in the OJ trial - or
in the wake of tragedy, as we did in the aftermath of Katrina - or as fodder for the
nightly news. We can play Reverend Wright's sermons on every channel, every day and
talk about them from now until the election, and make the only question in this
campaign whether or not the American people think that I somehow believe or
sympathize with his most offensive words. We can pounce on some gaffe by a Hillary
supporter as evidence that she's playing the race card, or we can speculate on whether
white men will all flock to John McCain in the general election regardless of his policies.
We can do that.
But if we do, I can tell you that in the next election, we'll be talking about some other
distraction. And then another one. And then another one. And nothing will change.
That is one option. Or, at this moment, in this election, we can come together and say,
"Not this time." This time we want to talk about the crumbling schools that are stealing
the future of black children and white children and Asian children and Hispanic children

and Native American children. This time we want to reject the cynicism that tells us that
these kids can't learn; that those kids who don't look like us are somebody else's
problem. The children of America are not those kids, they are our kids, and we will not
let them fall behind in a 21st century economy. Not this time.
This time we want to talk about how the lines in the Emergency Room are filled with
whites and blacks and Hispanics who do not have health care; who don't have the
power on their own to overcome the special interests in Washington, but who can take
them on if we do it together.
This time we want to talk about the shuttered mills that once provided a decent life for
men and women of every race, and the homes for sale that once belonged to Americans
from every religion, every region, every walk of life. This time we want to talk about the
fact that the real problem is not that someone who doesn't look like you might take
your job; it's that the corporation you work for will ship it overseas for nothing more
than a profit.
This time we want to talk about the men and women of every color and creed who
serve together, and fight together, and bleed together under the same proud flag. We
want to talk about how to bring them home from a war that never should've been
authorized and never should've been waged, and we want to talk about how we'll show
our patriotism by caring for them, and their families, and giving them the benefits they
have earned.
I would not be running for President if I didn't believe with all my heart that this is what
the vast majority of Americans want for this country. This union may never be perfect,
but generation after generation has shown that it can always be perfected. And today,
whenever I find myself feeling doubtful or cynical about this possibility, what gives me
the most hope is the next generation - the young people whose attitudes and beliefs
and openness to change have already made history in this election.
There is one story in particularly that I'd like to leave you with today - a story I told when
I had the great honor of speaking on Dr. King's birthday at his home church, Ebenezer
Baptist, in Atlanta.
There is a young, twenty-three year old white woman named Ashley Baia who organized
for our campaign in Florence, South Carolina. She had been working to organize a
mostly African-American community since the beginning of this campaign, and one day
she was at a roundtable discussion where everyone went around telling their story and
why they were there.
And Ashley said that when she was nine years old, her mother got cancer. And because
she had to miss days of work, she was let go and lost her health care. They had to file for
bankruptcy, and that's when Ashley decided that she had to do something to help her

mom.
She knew that food was one of their most expensive costs, and so Ashley convinced her
mother that what she really liked and really wanted to eat more than anything else was
mustard and relish sandwiches. Because that was the cheapest way to eat.
She did this for a year until her mom got better, and she told everyone at the
roundtable that the reason she joined our campaign was so that she could help the
millions of other children in the country who want and need to help their parents too.
Now Ashley might have made a different choice. Perhaps somebody told her along the
way that the source of her mother's problems were blacks who were on welfare and too
lazy to work, or Hispanics who were coming into the country illegally. But she didn't. She
sought out allies in her fight against injustice.
Anyway, Ashley finishes her story and then goes around the room and asks everyone
else why they're supporting the campaign. They all have different stories and reasons.
Many bring up a specific issue. And finally they come to this elderly black man who's
been sitting there quietly the entire time. And Ashley asks him why he's there. And he
does not bring up a specific issue. He does not say health care or the economy. He does
not say education or the war. He does not say that he was there because of Barack
Obama. He simply says to everyone in the room, "I am here because of Ashley."
"I'm here because of Ashley." By itself, that single moment of recognition between that
young white girl and that old black man is not enough. It is not enough to give health
care to the sick, or jobs to the jobless, or education to our children.
But it is where we start. It is where our union grows stronger. And as so many
generations have come to realize over the course of the two-hundred and twenty one
years since a band of patriots signed that document in Philadelphia, that is where the
perfection begins.
http://www.barackobama.com/2008/03/18/remarks_of_senator_barack_obam_53.php
Why cant Barack Obama disown his pastor Jeremiah Wright?
He is the one who introduce him to his Christian faith. He is the one who taught
him about their obligations in loving one another and caring for the sick and the needy.
And his thirty years over just leading some lost people to Christ by means of housing,
ministering the poor, day care services, scholarships and reaching out to the sick people.
How did Singapore come to existence, do you agree with Malaysians decision? Why?
Thinking the best possible output for a subject would be to work out their
problems without resulting to some unfavorable effects or division. By learning to listen
and understand both parties will surely reach a good and favorable argument. Im

impressed with the Singaporeans because they were able to manage their country by
just gathering resources from the nearby countries.

Reaction: Casas Bahia

Casas Bahia is very strategic in every area of their business may I be in
monitoring, marketing, financial, customer relationship, training, delivery, and etc. Even
though they came up with such brilliant ideas in order to gain a competitive advantage
in their industry they still consider on how they can help their customers achieving their
dream. That is why they had a pretty good relationship with their customers and they
got their loyalty as well. For example, they came up with a pretty good idea in creating a
market for the poor even though they lack budget. Their strategy is not only for the
betterment of their company but they also used it in educating the people regarding
their managing their budget carefully by looking at their source of income and how will
it affect their decisions when purchasing items. I think their strategy in helping the
people and their company compliments each other. They gain the loyalty of the
customers at the same time making big profit out of them.
Customer relationship is a big advantage in their business. Through the training
that they had conducted to their employees, they were able to build a strong
relationship to each other. They make it a point that by the end of the day, there should
be a relationship that is built between the employee and the customer. In their training,
they build their character as well as their personality in order to interact to the
customers with confidence and be ready to satisfy their needs. They help to create
decisions that would help the customers gain a relief financially and emotionally as well.
This training helps the customer to pursue their dreams at the same time building new
relationship with other people.
These are some things that they have shared to their customers in building their
dreams and theirs at the same time.
It is not impossible if we are going to apply this in our country because Filipinos,
as we all know, they are good in building relationship to each other. We are not called
Hospitable if we dont build a relationship to others. But we tend to have the crab
mentality that we should pull the one whos in top and climb your way up there alone. I
strongly believe that we can move forward together through success. We should bring
all kinds of classes together to the top without stepping on anyone else. We should have
a positive attitude and faith in achieving our goals as a Filipino.
We are not called Hospitable for nothing.

Copyright For Non Lawyers

Lesson 2: How do we say that what Im doing in the computer is against the
Copyright?
You try to violate things or copy the things fully without permission
Lesson 3: How can copyright be protected?
There are limitations that should be taken into considerations when copying a
copyright material
Lesson 4: In what ways can you commit Copyright infringement in cyberspace?
If you intend to copy the whole material without permission and make it for you
own use is most likely a copyright infringement
Lesson 5: How do you know that the activity you are doing is already copied?
When the whole thing is being stated without revisions or anything which makes
it looks like an imitation of you material
Lesson 6: What are the things that I can copy?
Facts and Ideas
Lesson 7: How can I notify the people that they can distribute this to other people?
Put some conditions or limitations in you materials so that they would be
informed with what you want to happen
Lesson 8: What are the ways I can lawfully copy others work?
If you will use it for you personal interest and not in commercial businesses. You
should follow the limitations in copying a copyrighted materials
Lesson 9: When is the time that what you are copying is still fair?
If you are not copying the whole thing
Lesson 10: If money making is already involved makes it unfair?
That makes it unfair because you use it for you own profit-generating activity
businesses.
Lesson 11: How will you be probably fair in Copyright?
If you dont make that much interest in the materials like creating a business and
advertising it through other people
Lesson 12: Am I still liable and held responsible even though I dont know that it is
copyrighted?
Yes, because you are the one who published and used it to your advantage even
though it is only given to you by other people.

Privacy Law
Lesson 13: What kind of privacy is being tackled in the cyberspace?
Information of the user
Lesson 14: In what terms can my privacy be protected?
If it is data protected when you submit you information to the things that you do
Lesson 15: How much information should I give out in order to protect my privacy and
not invaded by other persons instantly?

Those are only necessary and wont do you too much harm and to your personal
things
Lesson 16: How can the law penetrate my privacy?
Creating situations or amending its laws just for their favor and for our own
good.
Lesson 17: Can your privacy state that you are doing something not so good?
if there are questionable information that has been stated of has been found
Lesson 18: How can I control my own privacy?
Give such information that is only needed
Lesson 19: How would you know if you violated the statute?
if you try to intercept without having the given powers
Lesson 20: Who are qualified to intercept such kinds of emails?
People who has under the law and have a higher authority. Those who are in
doubt or it can create a criminal act.
Lesson 21: Are going into private or personal materials can result to crime?
If there are permissions from the authorized person.
Lesson 22: How can I protect my mails from reading it by other people who are not
involved?
By using encryptions
Lesson 23: How can I be liberating at the cyberspace at the same time protecting my
privacy?
You should be anonymous so that they cant track you down, but you should do
this with clear intentions.
Lesson 24: To what extent should my anonymity must be in to?
That it would not harm other people or making it commit a crime
Lesson 25: Are the things that Im using can be opened by the companys saying that
you are using theirs?
Yes, but you can prevent this by using encryption and anonymity.
What is the sole purpose of EEF (Electronic frontier foundation)?
It is used as a defense in some situations affecting digital rights. It may be in the
area of privacy, copyright, innovation, messages and consumer rights.
What does Lawrence Lessig do?
He was once a protector of copyright and some related matters but he decided
to shift in other area that will help to lessen the corruption in its system.
What does Creative Common offers?
It gives out free means that let the people work with some rights reserved which
can make your creative works legal and guilt-free.
What does Bruce Schneier contributed in the cyberspace?

He is the one who are into computer security and cryptography in which it will
help in our privacy. He made a free available newsletter that informs us with the
security issues and other concerns.
What is the difference between security and privacy?
Security is the thing that we need in order to survive. Privacy is somewhat a
social need to the humans, this makes us peculiar. But these two are related,
without privacy there is nothing to be secured.
University Networks and Data Breaches White Paper via Counterpane, What is the
thing thats hard to implement?
People who are trying to break in the centralized system in which they steal
personal information that might affect the university and the people involved as well.
They have uneven security landscape which makes their security weak and easy to break
in.
What does Advance Encryption standard do and its benefit?
It is used in the symmetric key cryptography which is popular. is fast in doing
encryptions, easy to implement, and little memory required. It is said that it is sufficient
enough to protect classified information up to the tightest level.
Where do you use PGP?
It is used to create cryptographic privacy and validations. It is used in encrypting
and decrypting emails in order to protect the information in it and to improve
dependability on using it.
What else did Phil Zimmerman create with the use of PGP?
He made encryption software readily available to the public and released the
source code of PGP to them making it available through the internet.

SELLING HEALTH: HINDUSTAN LEVER LIMITED AND THE SOAP MARKET

1. What is the innovation that HLL introduced in the area of diarrheal disease
prevention?
They introduced a soap that will help lessen the case if diarrhea in India and to
improve the health and quality of life of the people in India.
2. Why is handwashing an excellent preventive measure against diarrheal disease?
Because hands are always used in all activities and it comes in contact with every
thing that we touch even though its clean or not. It eradicates the bacteria in our hand
which helps prevent to acquire diseases.
3. Why is an MNC in the best position to influence behavioral change in combating
diarrheal disease?
They have deep experience in conducting and analyzing consumer research to
identify behaviors and triggers points of behavioral change. Marketing expertise to craft
communication messages and direct contact programs that can bring about behavioral
change. Strong brands that can serve as routes for driving behavioral change riding on
their consumer equity. Experience in adapting their products and messages to meet
local conditions, cultures, and traditions. Vast distribution networks, experience in
sharing lessons, accountability for achieving results and global reach.
4. According to Yuri Jain of HLL, what is the connection between diarrheal disease
prevention and HLL products?
If they want to figure out how to break the transmission disease with hands, you
come up with a hand soap. Their company is the largest producer of soap so there is a
possibility that consumption will go up and there will be increase on market size.
5. According to Harpreet Singh Tibb, what is the connection for HLL between economy,
beauty and health?
It is an opportunity to help prevent disease, giving them a beautiful feeling at the
same time an opportunity that will help increase the sales which can make it a winwin situation.
6. What was the impact of the Central American Hand washing Initiative to its
beneficiaries?
The initiative developed hand washing education messages that each private
partner incorporated into its own marketing campaigns that will help increase the
hygienic hand washing behavior of the people.
7. What was the reason for Dr. Vedana Shiva's opposition to the PPP? Is it justified?
He said that Kerala has the highest access to safe water, highest knowledge of
prevention of diarrhea because of high female literacy and local health practices such as
use of jeera water and high use of fluids during diarrhea. The World Bank project is an
insult to Keralas knowledge regarding health and hygiene. It is in fact Kerala from where

cleanliness and hygiene should be exported to the rest of the world. People of Kerala do
not need a World Bank loan for being taught cleanliness. I think it is not that justified
but more if an insult reaction. At the first place it wouldnt be recognize as it needed
help if Kerala is that clean.
8. If you were in a position to decide how to go ahead with PPP while knowing the
opposition how would you go about it?
At the first place, we would not go there and give our hand if there is no
problem. That is why I will pursue my interest in giving the quality of life to the people in
the place.
9. How did Lifebuoy re-brand itself? Do you agree with HLL Chairman Marvinder Sing
Banga's decision? Why?
They find ways on how to touch the customer throughout the day. They want
Lifebuoy to play a role to the people eliminating the common health problems and
taking care of their hygiene better. Yes I agree with the chairman because I think that
Lifebuoy came into its maturity level and that makes their profit decrease. They should
think of other way to reproduce their product satisfying the customer through new and
improved products that will help them regain their composure.
10. What is Chairman Banga's approach to costing Lifebuoy? Do you agree with this
approach?
Yes, because they wouldnt sell to the poor people if they will try to make their
products more expensive than before. The customer must realize that what they bought
has value for money. Creating a cheaper product but the same purpose can make the
poor people patronize their product.
11. What is the key to sustained community behavioral change according to Harpreet
Singh Tibb?
If it is going to multiple contacts it has to be low cost, scalable and sustainable
program. It has to be interactive because of the behavioral change that you are into.
12. The Lifebuoy Swasthya Cheetna program decided to go through the local school
system? Would this approach work in the Philippines?
Yes, because as long as they are still children, you can still teach them without
getting any complaints or any neglect of the program that you are trying to impose.
Children are easy to teach unlike the people who are sometimes hard-heading when
you are trying to give them new ways to improve their lives. Also, children are a big
influence in the family.
13. What is the Lifebuoy Swasthya Cheetna's process for creating behavioral change?
They used education, involvement, shock, reiteration, and reward as tactics.

14. Each exposure in the behavioral change process involved 5 key communication
tactics? Can you add or subtract to these tactics? Would these tactics work in the
Philippines?
A catchy jingle that is worth remembering even if you would just hear the sounds
you will sing it as if there is no tomorrow. This will definitely work in the Philippines
because people are always game to this kind of program especially rewards.
15. Explain the germ-glow demonstration. Do you think it was effective? Are there any
alternatives?
It comprised of a bottle of glow-germ powder, a black light, and a black viewing
box. The powder represents germ and how they are affected by soap. It is applied to the
two participant and one of the washes without soap and the other one with soap. It
appears visually clean but when placed in the black viewing box under the black light,
the participant who used only water to clean his hands will many have many spot of
germ-powder compared to the other one who used a soap and rinsed with water.
16. How did you think the Swasthya Cheetna program impact HLL? Was it a success?
Yes, they were able to sustain behavior change according to the report. It grew
30% across states and across regions. They are planning to roll out to other countries as
well.
17. How can wealthier Indian populations benefit from the health and hygiene
messages?
This suggests that a lack of adequate sanitation facilities in poor and rural
populations might not be the primary factor in the spread of diarrheal disease. This
suggest an opportunity to reach out with direct contact campaigns to all socio
economic populations to transform handwashing behavior and greatly increase the
frequency of handwashing and soap sales.
18. Is the PPP scalable? What about the Swatshya Chetna program?
Direct corporate sales lie with Swatshya Chetna. Through strategic selection of
villages, it has maximized use of limited funds to reach targeted demographics t increase
sales. Research shows that the use of brand can help strengthen the health messages
being delivered by conveying quality, increasing customer confidence, and ensuring the
messages are delivered.
19. Yuri Jain claims that PPP has scale. Do you agree with him?
He said that with the PPP and the government as partner can have many access
to schools, socialworkers centers and health centers and with the help of other
organizations who provide resource input and help crafting funding packages.
20. Why do you think PPP was slowed down while the Swathsya Cheetna program
pushed through?

The program was slowed down and impacted HLLs plans to deliver health
education and expand the soap market by the politics.

ICICI Bank Case Study Guide Questions

1. What is ICICI Bank's innovation?
Provides a formal banking to the people who are poor and needy transforming
them into customers and at the same time helping them.
2. What is special about RBI's pilot project with NABARD in 1991?
Linking selfhelp groups with banks. The pilot project was started because by
having 150,000 banking outlets in rural areas and a survey found that 36 percent of the
poor in the rural areas are still utilized informal sources of credit. Providing credit to
poor farmers in order to help them.
3. According to Mahajan, why are the transaction costs of savings in formal institutions
as high as 10% for the rural poor?
Because of the small size of transactions and the distance of the branches from
the villages are too far. That is why they dont try to exert any effort in this.
4. What are some of the problems of MFIs in India?
This are due to the fact that their primary focus has been on access to credit.
Because of small loans the key to sustainability to become scale. If it could achieve a
large volume of loans, then aggregate interest payment would suffice to cover operating
cost.
5. What are the two innovative BOP models of the ICICI?
First, the direct access, bank-led model, which was catalyzed by the merger with
the rural banking institution. Second, the indirect channels partnership model leverages
the relationships, knowledge, and rural network of organizations in the field.
6. What is the connection between Grameen Bank and Bank of Madura?
Madura replicated Grameen Bank in providing small loans to the client who are
in below poverty line.
7. Describe ICICI's three-tier system. Discuss why it is three-tiered.
It is three-tiered because it caters to the different level of people in the society.
First tier is consisting mainly for the commercial banks. Second tier are for regional
banks which operate on rural areas. And the last tier consists of cooperative and special
purpose rural banks.
8. What are the 3 essential steps in the SHG process? Comment on why each step is
necessary.
Learn to save, people should know how to be thrifty. It should be in their
character. Learn to lend what you have saved. You should invest your savings on
resources that will help you to succeed. Learn to borrow responsibly; you should be
accountable in what you are doing. Taking responsibility with each and every step.

9. Discuss the NABARD checklist for SHG's. Comment on why each item on the checklist
is necessary.
Group should be 15 to 20 members in size. The status of the individual if the
person is poor. They should pass the criteria; they are doing BOP so other people whoa
re above them are forfeited. Fixed amount of savings collected every month. More than
20% literacy. Savings are used for internal lending purposed. High-level of attendance
for its members.
10. What is the impact of micro lending in a household according to a NABARD study?
This will help the household in improving their communication skills and selfconfidence. it also has a positive-impact on income-levels and income-generating
activities.
11. Discuss the possible implementation of a smart-card based payment system? Would
it work? Why?
It is a payment system to get rid of the cost associated with cash handling. It will
work because it has advantages of storage capacity and provides security identification.
This will help the people not to bring out money in their pockets and maintaining and
monitoring every transaction that you have done.
12. Discuss the quote: "Banking with the poor has undergone a paradigm shift. It is no
longer viewed as a mere social obligation. It is financially viable as well". Do you think
this quote can be applied in the Philippines? Discuss.
Yes, because it is easy to learn and adopt. This will help the Filipinos to be more
thrifty and learn to save money for their future use. Filipinos tend to spend their money
if they know they have one in their pockets, but if they cant pull out cash or even a coin
they will be disciplines with that.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY

1. Discuss the problems faced by the software developers trying to apply for
protection under trade secret statutes.
Their trade secrets are sometimes ideas and logics which can be easily
copied by the programmers in which they will just alter some procedures
and add some new functions to the software. They can also add new
features in which it will make a good differentiation to their software
2. Why is it difficult to apply patent laws to software?
Because there are some criteria that may be considered broad. For
example, no ordinary person can do the software but if you will try to
learn how it works it will be easy. You can try to hire a good programmer
in which he can copy the functions of the software. IT people can make
that software that is available to the market.
3. Why is it possible to apply patent laws to software?
It complies with the requirement of it being patented.
4. It is possible to trademark software?
Yes, because the idea can be easily copied when they see the software.
Once the programmer sees the software it they can easily figure out
some logic on how that thing works. They only need to change the user
interface or add some other features to the developing system.
5. Discuss the ethical and legal issues surrounding software ownership
They permit the customer to create backups for their desktops but not to
use for other machines. This means that the person who bought this kind
of software is responsible in doing his part. It is up to the person if he will
distribute this kind of software to other people or just use it with his own
computer.
6. There is a move to do away with the current copyright law. Why?
Not all people approve of the copyright law because they think
everyones ideas should be shared by all or for some situations that will
benefit them.
7. Why is the copyright law, in its present form, considered to be unenforceable?
Because of the advancement of technology, the scope of copyright
starting to become smaller and smaller that is why they need to enlarge
their scope every time
8. What changes would you suggest in the current copyright laws to make it
enforceable in cyberspace?

Scope should be more specified and wider so that it will apply to all
people who have access to contents that are easily obtainable over the
internet or other aspects of technology. The penalty to such kind of
violations should be heightened.
9. Has the internet made software protection easier or more difficult? Why or
why not?
Every time you will use software it will be difficult to the person to use
the software because it is protected by the internet and you always need
to check if it is updated and with the proper security with it.
10. There is a movement (that includes hackers) that is advocating for free
software discuss the merits of this idea, if any.
This will be good if there is a free software so that it would not be a
problem concerning to other violations the downfall is that this cant be a
good business. Charging support fees for the software may be a good
idea so that they can still earn income in this business.
11. Because of income disparities between north and south, and have and havenots, fair pricing of computer products is impossible.
It depends on the area where will they distribute the products. You cant
sell products in higher price in poor area, which is why the business finds
a way to penetrate the bottom of the pyramid. We belong to difference
classes that is we it will have a hard time provide fair prices in products.
12. Most copyright violations are found in developing, usually, poor countries.
Why?
They will buy pirated software because of their tight budget. They dont
have enough money to purchase such kind of software which is more
expensive. They are just being practical considering their financial status
and class.
13. Does the high price of software marketing in developing countries justify the
high rate of software piracy in those countries? Why?
Yes, some people cannot just afford that kind of software. Some software
is not that worth it if you will buy that in that kind of price. I think that is
one reason in which people patronize pirated software rather than the
original and it only serve the same purpose.
14. What do you think is the cause of the rising cost of software?
I think because of the protection that they use for the software is
expensive, so that cost is added to the software for their protection and
prevention for privacy. Whenever someone buys an illegal copy of
software, the money only goes to the seller. The developers do not get

what is due to them making their production cost higher and efforts
useless. That is why they add more cost to it especially copyright
protection software.
15. Is globalization a means through which the developed, usually northern
countries, will enforce the copyright laws?
Yes, because in effect globalization is integration of all countries into one
single standard. And one such standard is protection of copyrighted
materials.

ITC e-Choupal Case Study Guide Questions

1. What is the innovation of the e-Choupal?
According to the case, The E-Choupal information centers are connected with
the use of the internet. It signifies an method to effortlessly bond farmers with
large firms, current agricultural research and global markets. The networks of
these, each operated by the farmer in each community that is called sanchalak
that allow for a virtual integration of the supply chain and significant efficiencies
in the traditional system. The farmer benefit by realizing better prizes for their
crops and being connected to the world.
2. Discuss the paradox of Indian Agriculture?
Agriculture is economically, socially, and nutritionally vital to India. 23
percent of the GDP is being contributed by this; it also feeds a billion of people
and provides employment. Agriculture was heavily regulated because of the
government who intervenes with the production of the crops, pricing and
aspects of marketing. Ownership ceilings were legislated and inherited land was
partitioned into smaller lots. The result is that the Indian farm is a very smallscale operation measured in fraction of acres. This is a result that Indian farmers
are poor.
3. Why is soya an important innovation in the Indian oilseed complex?
It symbolizes an important innovation in the Indian Oilseed Complex that
results to better utilization of scarce resources and cropping intensity.
4. Describe the marketing processs before the introduction of e-Choupal.
There are 3 channel for the products: the mandis, traders for eventual resale
to crushers, and producer-run cooperative societies for crushing in cooperative
mills.
5. Why is the mandi not an optimal procurement channel?
Because mandi service area is varied by the state
6. What were the advantages of ITC's competitors? How did ITC address them?
They are in greater presence in the chain and they have better and
organized strategy that it deepened the understanding product dynamics. This
triggers the critical thinking of ITC
7. How did ITC "re-engineer as opposed to reconstruct"?
ITC looked at what is good in their system that they are currently using
and try to come up with some ideas that can be added to it. they re-invent ideas
in the areas of ITC that would not add any value to their system.
8. How did ITC "address the whole, not just a part"?

They have linked the transactions that reduce the farmer cost in the short
term, but create a sequence of exploitive dependency in the long term.

9. Was it wise for ITC to install an IT-driven solution where most people would not?
Yes, because they can be able to maximize all effort in the business and
use it into its full potential. Even though it is expensive, it will provide accurate
results that will prevent unfavorable situation to occur.
10. Why does the ITC insist that the sanchalaks NOT give up farming?
Because they will serve several purposes such as:
for generations, institution, individual, and often the weather have
betrayed the Indian farmer. Trust is the most valuable commodity in rural
india.
They did not have to invest in building and securing a physical
infrastructure
Is trained in computer operation and act as a familiar and approachable
human interface for the often illiterate farmers
Expects to leverage the power of the small-scale entrepreneur.
11. Why did the samyojaks introduce the ITC to the sanchalaks?
They realized that by introducing ITC to the sanchalaks creates a motion an
initiative that would reduce their commissions.
12. Describe the new ITC value chain. How different is it from the former value
chain?
It is used to determine the benchmark fair avarage quality price at the eChoupal. The price is static for the day. The farmer brings a sample to the eChoupal and it will be inspected and asses the quality and create appropriate
deductions and give the quote to the farmer.
13. What is the social impact of the e-Choupals?
It creates a connection to the rural areas that are inaccessible. This will
improve the agriculture even more. Give easier and better lifestyle. This creates
a brighter future to the society because of the opportunities that are given to
them.
14. Describe Wave 6 of the e-Choupal. DO you think it is feasible?
Wave 1 is the soya choupal, Wave two is the source of value generation
will be preservation of identity through the chain. Wave three. This wave takes
identity a step further by building the concept of traceability into the supply
chain. Fourth is the wave that will fulfill the institutional voids. The fifth wave

elaborates the rural marketing and distribution strategy. The 6th the last wave,
the ambitious vision of eventually sourcing it-enabled services from rural India.
15. Can something similar to an e-Choupal be implemented in the Philippines?
A system that will inform the people the climate in the Philippines, this
will help the agriculture especially the workers to be aware and be prepared on
the things that might occur.

Jaipur Foot: Challenging Convention

1. What is the innovation of Jaipur Foot?
A prosthetic foot that is specially made to the active lifestyles for the poor and
cost around $30. It is provided and serviced for free to poor handicapped citizens in
India.
2. What is the business of Jaipur Foot?
This gives the citizen who is handicapped have a chance to return to their
livelihoods and pursue their dreams by offering prostheses to the handicapped.
3. Who are the main beneficiaries of Jaipur Foot's products?
People who live below the poverty line and cannot afford health care or services
which has an amputated leg that still wants to pursue their dream.
4. Why is Afghanistan one of the markets of Jaipur Foot?
There are landmines that have been left in some areas which brings accidents to
the people especially the children. Being severely damaged resulting to amputations
because of the 9,500,000 landmines that were planted in Afghanistan.
5. How does Jaipur Foot's product pricing compare with the West?
Jaipur foot is more affordable than the west because they dont import their
materials from foreign countries.
6. What is the Gait Cycle?
It is an activity that takes place between the heel strike of one limb and the
succeeding heel strike of that same limb. It consist of the following actions: hill strike,
midstance, toe off, swing acceleration, deceleration, and double support
7. How was the first Jaipur Foot artificial limb developed?
Ram Chandra, who was one of Jaipur Citys finest sculptors, saw that prosthesis
did not facilitate proper postures common in India such as squatting or sitting crosslegged. The limb was made of sponge which made the prosthesis useless for farmer
working on rain or irrigated fields. She came up with an idea creating an artificial limb
that more closely be similar to a natural foot, was lighter, and was tailored for local
conditions.
8. What are the design considerations in the Jaipur Foot Design Process?
The foot was designed to promote normal foot movements and offer an
excellent solution for the poor people. Designed that is necessary for their work and
lifestyles.
9. What are the constraints in the development for Jaipur Foot?

They came up with 4 constraints, the first would be poverty which they should
create a low-cost prosthesis with a functional solution in order to facilitate a functional
solution. Closed economy is the second constraint, being limited to import of foreign
materials in India. Third is the work lifestyle of the people who work hard for long hours
and has a possibility to walk on uneven grounds because of the agricultural economy.
Last is the limited trained manpower, people who lacks skill in a huge demand for
prostheses.
10. How can you compare the raw materials for Jaipur Foot vs. other products?
They produce prosthesis with readily available and inexpensive apparatus to
manage the cost of procurement as well as the cost of prosthesis itself. Each material is
locally sourced and does not require special procurement agreements.
11. Explain a typical fitting day for a Jaipur Foot? How does it compare with the West?
They attend to give the best accommodation and do not consist solely in speed
of service. They provide on site meals and overnight accommodations to develop a
sense of community within the facility. There are free meals and accommodation not
only to the patient but their family members as well. There are registrations, measuring
the best prosthesis for the patient and put the limbs specification under the
supervision of a technician.
12. What is the BMVSS? How does Jaipur Foot conduct community outreach?
Bhagwan Mahaveer Viklang Sahayata Samiti, a non governmental, nonreligious,
and non profit organization. BMVSS emphasizes a holistic approach to addressing the
problem of amputees. The society focuses on not only the medical problems of the
underprivileged, but also the financial and social problems. Patients are given boarding
and lodging facilities at the centers of BMVSS until they are provided with limbs, calipers
or other aids.
13. Compare Jaipur Foot with Ossur - which one is more competitive? Why?
Ossurs annual expenses goes toward administrative and operating cost and the
other half goes toward the cost of producing prosthesis. Jaipur I think is more
competitive because they use 89% for the cost of limbs and services which can cater
more than people which creates loyalty and attracts more customers through their
service.
14. Is the Jaipur Foot model scalable? Explain.
Yes, because the expand to reach people who are in the remote areas in India by
applying a camp system. They establish camps in remote areas to cater the people to
provide them with prostheses. They also establish in new location permanently in order
to fabricate and fit the jaipur foot making the jaipur foot available to the clinic.

15. What is the significance of Jaipur Foot's cooperation with ISRO?

It helped the Jaipur foot to reduce their cost. Through the R & D of ISRO they
developed a new technology in that is called the Plyurethane which is a versatile
polymer which can be produced in various forms and create lightweight materials for
vibration control, shock absorption liners, and adhesives. This will make the foot piece
lighter for the people.

Pirates cannot be stopped:

He started poking around on media defender servers. He found folders with names of
some of the largest media companies. (1-11)
Commandment: Shall not snoop around other peoples files
Because they are looking for some sensitive files that might affect the media companies.
He hands flash drive containing documents which are internal unpublished information
(2-11)
Commandment: shall not steal
It is confidential to the company in which he doesnt have permit given by the company
where he got the documents.
Cell phone hacks, fake pizza deliveries, denial of service attacks (2-11)
Commandment: shall not harm
People are affected because they are charged some things that they did not do and an
exploit to their privacy.
Read media defenders email, listen to phone calls (2-11)
Commandment: Shall not snoop around other peoples files
Because you are entering files that is not permitted and it affects the privacy of the
people
Uncovered salaries of the top engineers and names and contact information(2-11)
Commandment: ensure consideration and respect to fellow humans
People who are concerned with this affects their salary they earned fairly. This might
affect the performance of the people as well as their loyalty regarding their work.
Figure out how the pirate fighting software works (2-11)
Commandment: appropriate other peoples intellectual output
It is looking for a way in which you want to destroy someones software that has a good
intention and will help the betterment of the people.
Passed on his expertise to a fellow hacker (2-11)
Commandment: think about social consequences of the program you are writing
Passing an expertise that has intention in destroying other peoples software with the
right motives to help the betterment of the people.
Company was forced to buy new banks of ip address each month (8-11)
Commandment: shall not harm
The company would spend more than before because of the ip address that are being
blacklisted. This can affect the companys profit greatly excluding the piracy of software
and other media files.

Access just about any companys computer (2-11)

Commandment: without authorization or proper compensation
Looking in companys secured files with the use of hacking or if you are not employed in
the company because there is an intention that might not be good
Individuals would not have bought the music they downloaded
Commandment: thou shall not steal
They should music with have no permits to they people who owned this. They got the
music for free even though it should be bought so company can loose its sales.

Voxiva Case Study Guide Questions

1. What is the innovation of Voxiva?
Voxivas technology turns a village payphone into a communications device with
a computer. Calling into their system and inputting the right buttons on the phone,
health workers can create new report about the new cases of disease systematically,
real-time and accurately
2. What are the 3 ingredients of an effective system of disease surveillance and
response?
According to the book the 3 main ingredients would be: Real-time collection of
critical information from a distributed network of people, in this case, health workers
with new cases of disease to report. Rapid analysis of data to drive decision-making and
allocation of resources. And last is communication back to the field to coordinate
response.
3. According to Meyer, what are his findings regarding ICT projects?
There are 3 general points that he had summarized.
Most projects were deployed on a pilot basis and were fundamentally not scalable.
Making a system work in one village in India is something else in order to make it work
in other 600,000 villages in India.
Projects are focused on connectivity and devices like putting out new networks
or giving the school new computers rather than the critical information flow challenges.
Too much focus on the internet and computer to be a solution, precisely the challenges
in the electricity, hardware and maintenance cost, trainings and literacy.
4. What is Meyer's observations regarding the use of telephones worldwide?
He observed that people were pay no attention to the fact that there are many
telephones in the world about 2.5 billion on the last count. Phones makes the
communication more accessible and easy to use.
5. What was the problem that Voxiva was originally designed to solve?
The primary challenge that is being faces is that they need to monitor new cases
of disease from more than 6,000 health clinics that are spread across the country. In
order to respond in time to hold back new outbreaks.
6. What are Alerta Pilot's benefits?
It is used to address the needs of the people in rural health workers. They allow
health workers to submit disease reports in real time from any phone or any internet
connection. The users have their own accounts in case they need to report something
that can cause the outbreak of disease. Health authorities can monitor the incoming
cases through the web or phone. The data that are given are already upon availably. The
system provides feedback to all users via sms, email or voice mail. Benefits are:

It is easy to use and accessible

Quick, better informed decision-making
Better data quality because data is directly connected
Allows rapid feedback
Reduces the paperwork
Promotes transparency and accountability
It is cost-effective

7. How can Voxiva help eradicate diseases?

Through the given reports, they can be able to manage the outbreak by giving
rapid feedbacks to the places where there are rampant cases of disease. The health
worker will be educated in what are the ways in order to control the outbreak or even
prevent it.
8. How can Voxiva be used for bioterrorism preparedness?
They can already monitor the patient through their system. That will prevent the
bioterrorism from spreading out into the areas. If they see symptoms of bioterrorism,
they can quickly report it and put it under surveillance.
9. What are some of the lessons learned in Voxiva's deployment in other countries?
It encourage two-way information flows. Information systems should not just be
there to collect data but to give feedbacks as well. Leveraging existing infrastructure.
Not just the use of pcs but the existing resources around us. Avoid stovepipes. The
system should be integrated to minimize workloads of the health workers. Software is
not a system. Clinic software does not produce an integrated national system. What is
needed is the scalability, robust and integrated information systems. Technology alone
will fail. Change management and capacity are key that can help the deployment of an
information system.
10. What are some of Voxiva's challenges?
Allowing organizations to collect data from and communicate with dispersed
population in a timely and systematic way by leveraging existing infrastructure
Ensure that the capacity to win new business does not outpace its ability to
deliver quality services.
Focus on key opportunities and avoid distractions
Deal with challenges and long sales cycles of selling services to governments and
international development agencies
Develop recurring revenues business model that generate revenue from local
economies.
Manage a diverse team and foster continuing innovation
11. What is Meyer's beliefs regarding diversity? What is its connection to innovation?

He wants the team to have different kind of specialties in order to produce new
outputs and ideas that are brainstormed by different professions. As they said, two
brains are better than one.
12. Can this system be implemented in the Philippines? What target disease would you
recommend?
Yes, the target would be the rural areas who are far from their cities and
civilization. Because there are only few doctor to the barrios. So they will be informed
and monitor on what is happening in our fellow countrymen.

QUIZ

1. The IEEE tackles about the ethical conduct in general because it implies
to the members of the society while the AC, on the contrary, is more
complex because it is formulated as a personal responsibility. It describes
the conviction of the person while in work or the character of the person is
being affected through this. This will be a guideline that would help us to
be aware morally of the things that we are going to do in such situations
and the appropriate penalty for their misbehavior. With having such a code
would help because the person is being reminded of the considerable
things that will affect the other people. If an individual ask themselves and
consider the things that would be good not for them but for the people
around them as well despite the fact the it is not necessarily written but
with that thought of the code there would be considerations
2. I think it can be possible because they can see that there are limitations
and guidelines to consider in doing their job. Because technology
nowadays is a big influence to the people in terms of making decisions
and creating the best outputs. We should consider that there is a law to
abide in order to respect the other peoples doings. If we try managing
workforce and means to create and develop information that add to the
significance of working life it will help the technology at the present time
can damage people without a proper knowledge and control.
3. I think I will not accept the proposal of the management because if you are
an ethical person, you will not just consider yourself receiving the benefits
and stuff but the people who will be affected. We know that the main
function of the Missile is to destroy and harm people not to help people in
improving their lives properly. I think at first you will not see the effect of
this, but when an unfavorable event happened and the use of the missile
is badly needed and unfortunately used and created a chaos you will then
realize that the thing you have done in the first place was not a good idea
and I bet that your bonus money is already been digested. This will create
a long-term impact on the short-term happiness.
4. I think that de Georges Criteria would be appropriate in this kind of
situation. If the criteria fit the situation completely, I think it would be best
to whistle blow because many people will be affected by it. I think that if I
know what will be the consequences, I will be the one who will step up and
say what will be the effect of the project and the harm it can be done to all
of us. My conscience wont let me tolerate such misconduct in which lives
are at stake.
5. If the person has enough conviction not to tolerate the inaction of the
management in situations in which can affect the people he will face the
consequences of punishment. But he knows in his mind that he did the
right thing and it will set him free with his conscience. Even if you are

facing a punishment, at least youre conscience is vivid like water and no

thought of uncertainty at all.
6. I think that is the best thing that he did. His conscience cannot take it
anymore that made him whistle blow the issue of the ZTE deal. I think it
fits the de Georges criteria in a point that it will bring harm to everyone in
terms of paying that kind of money. Our childrens children will also be
responsible in paying for that deal. Of course he knows the consequences
of whistle blowing but he has enough faith, stood firm and remain
steadfast with his principle which makes his conviction became stronger
that he should not tolerate such kind of misconduct. I think he will be
vindicated in this issue because he has the right attitude towards it.

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

CORPORATE SOCIAL REPONSIBILITY

FOR
SANTECH ELECTRONICS

SANTECH ELECTRONICS:

The company offers convenience to customers as a service in selling retail

products like amplifiers, speakers, integrated circuit, and other electronic accessories to
customers.

THE INNOVATION
SANTECH ELECTRONICS reallocate the pattern of just selling products to a gainful
social responsibility to the society. By providing a record contract for the unfortunate
individual who wants to show their talent. These individual does not have the
opportunity to demonstrate it. By lending our equipments in exchange for
advertisements and promotion of the business. The company will sponsor concerts
and fundraising activities especially for the environmental, social, and educational
activities. We can serve as a tool in educating the people and building hope with the
use of MusiCause and DreaMusic program.

The company began in 1995 when Mr. Tony Lim, Co-owner of the
company, bought a building in Quiapo and thought of selling electronic products to
people within the area. With the help of her sister and co-owner, Ms. Estelita Hung,
they manage the business. As the business grows, they thought of selling sound systems
and audio visual equipments to cater people who are fond of having sound and visual
entertainment in their houses. Soon after, schools bought from the company to provide
an effective teaching process and restaurants also came to buy to gain an edge in their
respective businesses. Now, the business is still gradually growing. They are finding and
introducing new products to sell in the market. The company is also expanding within
the area and is planning to expand in strategic places.

Mission
To provide quality services with promptness in giving convenience to customer
needs.
Vision
To be the best seller in satisfying the growing electronics market in the
Philippines

Organization Chart :

Position/Department

Description

President

The founder of the company.

General Manager

Overall supervisor and chief decision maker.

Assistant Manager

Monitors and helps each department

Inventory

This is where the stocks are stored

Department Secretary-in-charge

Receives and tallies the stock

Purchase

The ordering body of the company

Department Head

The one who orders products from sellers.

Sales

This is where selling of company items takes place.

Receives money from customers and also Acts as

Cashier
supervisor in the sales department
Personnel that is in charge of selling products to
Salesmen
customer inside the store.

Accounting

Handles the book keeping of the company.

Head Accountant
CPA(Certified Public Accountant) of the company.

Company competitiveness

Quality of Products The products sold should have good quality to ensure
customer satisfaction and together with good customer service, chances of
successfully selling your products are high.

Customer Service Good customer assistance is the best way to sell your
products. Its like guiding the customer to the finish line which is letting him buy
and patronize your products. This would also make them loyal to company.

Pricing Strategies Pricing plays a key vital role in selling. If your price is right,
then the customers will buy. Even though the price is expensive, but if the
quality of it is very worth it, the customer will still purchase the product.

Management Experience Handling people is a very important task. If you know

how to deal with your people, know the in and outs of your company, work will
be smooth and will bear good outcome.

Technological Expertise Knowing some technological capabilities is an

advantage because it is a special tool in improving process during work. So the
customer would believe that the product you are selling is very easy to manage
and use.

Company Strong point

Good Research Product from Suppliers Products from suppliers are easy to sell
because of their great product that they sell to their retailers.

Experienced and Well-trained Employees Employees came from other

companies that already have experience. With this, employees would know how
to manipulate and handle such situations.

Centralized Management - The management is totally centralized. The leader

makes all key decisions and most communication is done by one on one
conversations. It is particularly useful for entrepreneurial retail business as it
enables the founder to control growth and development.

Multiple Suppliers Having many suppliers is beneficial because prices will not
be controlled by the suppliers. You would have an opportunity to bargain their
products and offering them at a low price.

Payment Cycle having a long payment terms to the suppliers would help the
company to use the other money to provide other source of income.

Just Compensation paying their employees will help them to be motivated and
improve their job and create a more relationship to their customers.

Innovation

MusiCause

The MusiCause is from the word Music for a Cause. The company will sponsor
the equipments for their mini concert or fund raising concert. They will benefit by
promoting their company through advertisements and sponsorships. Getting a small
percentage for every successful concert is not their main concern but the ability to help
promote the betterment of the environment and the society.

The key objectives of this program would be:

To help promote in saving the environment.

Produce business that represents competitive gain in their industry

To build the fund raising programs

To give focus on the events happening to the society

Giving the people the information in the happenings of our country

DreaMusic

This programs aim is to lend those individual who has a passion for music but
does not have a capability to produce it. The company will lend its equipment in order
to help the people to produce or create their own music. To help publish their own
music that can help them to gain breakthrough in their passion. Giving them the
opportunity to achieve their dreams.

The key objectives of this program would be:

Help unfortunate people to illustrate their talent

To encourage and inspire the individuals

To find their talent

Give them the quality of life

Bestow hope in each and everyone

To be a stepping stone to their dreams

MARKET RESEARCH
Many unfortunate people below the poverty line have potential in terms of
music. Since every Filipino tries to show their talent in singing in different karaoke
places, this is a good start in showing their passion in the music industry. To reach the
people below the poverty line who has no capability to create or produce music or own
an instrument.

There are programs that talks about the improvement that can help everyone of
us such as the environment, society, relationship, and any other things that concerns us
and the country. We think that this is a great opportunity to lend our companys hand
by providing or sponsoring the events that they held. Our company is in participation to
these kinds of events. The company cannot create their own fund raising activities but
they can merge to these events/programs in order to reach out the people in best way
as possible.

MusiCause Program Design:

Identification of events
The company will determine the event that is suitable for their
sponsorship. Not every event will be authorized by their sponsorship and lending
of equipments. Events that will benefit and that is built for fund raising
environment will be assisted for sponsorship and lending of equipments. For
example, Scholarship for the poor people concert, the equipments will be lent
and the event will be sponsored by the company. But for the concerts that is
only for their own good will not pass the criteria for the MusiCause. There will be
a written agreement in which there will be indicating the guarantor of the said
transaction.

Events Setup
The equipments that are being borrowed by the event organizer will be
setup by the company. Santech will provide the people who will setup their
equipments so that they will be able to minimize the risk of getting the
equipments damaged. The equipments that are being borrowed will be
monitored by the assistant manager of the company so that in case of
unfavorable situation occurred there will be a person who will be responsible
will act as a guarantor of the said equipment.

Rules and Standards

Equipments will be not be used for any other purposed aside from the
said and written event agreement. Theft of some items will be held liable
depending to the said agreement. If the said agreement narrates that they will
be fully responsible for any damage and loss done within the event, they will be
the one who will pay for it otherwise there will be a void of contract.

Promotion Cycle
The company will setup advertisement paraphernalias just for the
company to be made known. This will promote the company name and create
more customers than usual.

Income Percentage
If the fundraising activities earned more than what they have expected,
there will be a certain percentage that will be given to the company. It will be
treated as an honorary cash or compliment for the support that they have given.

Delivery of Equipments

Equipments will be delivered by the company.

DreaMusic Program Design:

Identification of individual
Lending of equipments and recording will be provided for the individual
who are considered to be passionate, poor, young, and willing to demonstrate
their talents. Not everyone will be given a chance to record their songs. The
criteria will be based on their potential, if the person can sing they will be given a
chance to borrow instruments and try to improve on their skills, if they
succeeded and qualified to record their song then their song can be recorded
and it will be distributed to some recording companies. The company will help to
build the first step of their dream.

Recording Conditions
Those people who are able to sing will be catered by the company. The
recording will be done in the company and edit the song of the person. Their
song will be published in the cd, and if by any chance they are a good singer,
their song will be redirect to recording company. So that their song will be heard
and evaluated further.

Lending Conditions
Equipments that are being borrowed by the person will be recorded and
monitored by the company. If the borrower has a bad record in terms of
borrowing, they will have a lesser chance of borrowing the said equipment. The
borrower will take full responsibility to the equipment since he is the only one
using it. Equipments will only be used within the companys premises.

Percentage

If the person has given a breakthrough because of his talent, the

company will have a percentage for the record company. This will be a form of
gratitude towards the company.

VALUE ANALYSIS
They just found out that not only in selling products they earn but they can also
earn by just lending a hand through sponsorships, lending equipments, recording at the
same time helping the community. They can earn not just in the form of money but in
the form of building their company name as a supporter for the fund-raising activities
and helping the less fortunate individuals who have talent in some areas. They can reach
out to the people with their equipments in events and sponsorship. Their equipments
serve as an instrument for educating the people.

VALUE TO CUSTOMERS
The customers are given a chance to prove their competitiveness despite their
financial crisis. It would be a big help in achieving their dreams. In terms of events,
collaborating to the event organizers in imparting their mission in every area of the
environment, education, society and other fund-raising activities that will serve as a
means of informing the people of what is happening around us and what can the people
to improve their society, education and environment.

VALUE TO THE SOCIETY

In return, this will help the society keep in touch and be well informed about the
happenings in our country. This will serve to educate the people and make a move in
creating a better world in terms of the fund-raising events. In terms of the unfortunate
people, this will provide as a stepping stone for their dream to be reached and their
goals in life. It will help to experience the quality of life. It will also help them in creating
a self-achievement in their part.

COST
They will invest for the equipments just for lending. They will anticipate the
future unfavorable situations that might occur. The goal of this program is not focused
on making profit even though there are some things that are included but it will serve as
mediator in fulfilling dreams of the less unfortunate people and educating the society
about the status of our country.

REVENUE
The revenue will be dependent on the percentage of each event and the items
sold due to damages.

MARKETING
Our marketing strategy will be in a form of advertisements in events and
promotion of the equipments. The lending of instruments through the events will
convey a personalized message and build trust of low income people. The company
believes in giving immovable opportunities like developing their talents and educating
the people. The best channel in building a good foundation and relationship to the
people is through their talents and concern for their society. The main goal is to educate
and discover their talents. The company will give flyers and contacts about their
companys objective. They can also help in marketing the events that they will be
sponsoring.
Via word of mouth, the company will have less cost in promoting their goals at
the same time helping them to reach their objectives. Word of mouth will be the most
important element in marketing since it can influence other peoples decision so the
company should create a good relationship between the parties involved.

RISK MANAGEMENT
Since the objective of the program is to lend equipments, the primary risk is that
equipments might be damaged or stolen. So in order to secure the equipments from

misuses or theft, the company will sign a contract with a guarantor for those kinds of
situations and they will be held liable for it and the borrower will lose his credibility to
borrow equipments.

Strategic importance of DreaMusic and MusiCause

These programs successfully made a channel for promoting the company earn
money and help the society at the same time. It also increases the revenue of the
company through promotion and advertisements where the events take place, and fund
raising activities that helps the society and the environment.

Sustainable Growth and Innovation

The company is finding new ways on how to use music to attract more people
through lending their instruments. In the future, the company plans to join hand in hand
with famous musician and singers and supporting their fund raising activities. The also
plan to help government and charitable institution of their programs to the society.

Challenges
The challenge of Santech is to retain the interest of the poor people despite their
financial crisis and continue pursuing their dreams.
Far places and weather affect the condition of the equipment in order to protect
them the company invests in durable equipment cases.
For theft and damages by the equipments, they are trying ways to insure those
equipments.

Key Learnings of DreaMusic and MusiCause to Santech

These program helped Santech understand that poor people have hidden music
talents that needs to be develop and realizing that having concerts for a cause can
promote the company and help build the society. Poor people can be a source of
revenue if given attention and supporting fund raising concert will help the society as
well. Business is not always business. Business is dynamic where interaction between
two individual is needed and be mutual in giving and receiving benefits which is a give
and take scenario.