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    Electrolyte Imbalances Causes: Signs & Symptoms:: Physical Exam: Lab Findings

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    worleyb83
    This document discusses electrolyte imbalances including causes, signs and symptoms, and lab findings. It covers hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypermagnesemia. For each imbalance, it lists potential causes such as kidney disease, medications, dietary factors, and endocrine disorders. Signs and symptoms involve things like muscle weakness, abnormal heart rhythms, confusion, and changes in mental status. Lab findings center around serum electrolyte levels being above or below normal ranges.

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    Electrolyte Imbalances Causes: Signs & Symptoms:: Physical Exam: Lab Findings

    Uploaded by

    worleyb83
    683 views4 pages
    This document discusses electrolyte imbalances including causes, signs and symptoms, and lab findings. It covers hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypermagnesemia. For each imbalance, it lists potential causes such as kidney disease, medications, dietary factors, and endocrine disorders. Signs and symptoms involve things like muscle weakness, abnormal heart rhythms, confusion, and changes in mental status. Lab findings center around serum electrolyte levels being above or below normal ranges.

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    Electrolyte Imbalances

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    This document discusses electrolyte imbalances including causes, signs and symptoms, and lab findings. It covers hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypermagnesemia. For each imbalance, it lists potential causes such as kidney disease, medications, dietary factors, and endocrine disorders. Signs and symptoms involve things like muscle weakness, abnormal heart rhythms, confusion, and changes in mental status. Lab findings center around serum electrolyte levels being above or below normal ranges.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    683 views4 pages

    Electrolyte Imbalances Causes: Signs & Symptoms:: Physical Exam: Lab Findings

    Uploaded by

    worleyb83
    This document discusses electrolyte imbalances including causes, signs and symptoms, and lab findings. It covers hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypermagnesemia. For each imbalance, it lists potential causes such as kidney disease, medications, dietary factors, and endocrine disorders. Signs and symptoms involve things like muscle weakness, abnormal heart rhythms, confusion, and changes in mental status. Lab findings center around serum electrolyte levels being above or below normal ranges.

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    Electrolyte Imbalances

    Causes: Signs & Symptoms:


    Physical Exam: Lab findings:

    Hyponatremia
    Kidney Disease resulting Apprehension Serum Sodium
    in salt wasting Personality Change level <135 mEq/L
    Postural Hypotension Urine Specific
    Adrenal insufficiency Postural Dizziness gravity <1.010
    Abdominal Cramping
    GI losses Nausea and Vomiting
    Diarrhea
    Increased sweating Tachycardia
    Convulsions & Coma
    Use of Diuretics, especially Fingerprints remaining on sternum
    when combined with a low after palpation
    sodium diet

    Psychogenic polydipsia
    (excessive thirst)

    Syndrome of Inappropriate
    ADH (SIADH)

    Hypernatremia
    Ingestion of large amounts of Thirst Serum Sodium
    concentrated salt solutions Dry and flushed skin level >145 mEq/L
    Dry and sticky tongue & mucous Urine Specific
    Iatrogenic administration of membranes gravity >1.030
    hypertonic saline solution Fever
    parenterally Agitation
    Convulsions
    Excess Aldosterone Secretion restlessness
    Irritability
    Diabetes Insipidus

    Increased Sensible & Insensible


    Water loss

    Water deprivation
    Electrolyte Imbalances p.2

    Causes: Signs & Symptoms:


    Physical Exam: Lab findings:

    Hypokalemia
    Use of potassium-wasting Weakness & Fatigue Serum Potassium
    diuretics Decreased Muscle tone level <3.5 mEq/L
    Intestinal distention
    Diarrhea, vomiting, or other Decreased Bowel Sounds
    GI losses Ventricular Dysrhythmias
    Paresthesias
    Alkalosis Weak, irregular pulse

    Excess Aldosterone secretions

    Polyuria

    Extreme Sweating

    Excessive use of Potassium-free


    Intravenous (IV) solutions

    Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis


    with insulin

    Hyperkalemia
    Renal Failure Anxiety Serum Potassium
    Dysrhythmias level >5.3 mEq/L
    Fluid Volume Deficit Paresthesias
    Weakness
    Massive cellular damage such as Abdominal cramps
    from burns & trauma Diarrhea

    Iatrogenic administration of large


    amounts of potassium
    intravenously

    Adrenal Insufficiency

    Acidosis, especially diabetic ketoacidosis

    Rapid infusion of stored blood

    Use of K+ sparing diuretics


    Electrolyte Imbalances p. 3

    Causes: Signs & Symptoms:


    Physical Exam: Lab Findings:
    Hypocalcemia:
    Rapid administration of blood Numbness & Tingling of Serum Calcium level
    transfusions containing citrate fingers & circumoral <4.0 mEq/L
    region. (encircling the
    Hypoalbuminemia mouth)
    Hyperactive reflexes
    Hypoparathyroidism Positive Trousseau’s sign
    (carpopedal spasm with
    Vitamin D deficiency hypoxia)
    Tetany
    Pancreatitis Muscle cramps
    Pathological fractures
    Alkalosis (chronic hypocalcemia)

    Hypercalcemia:
    Hyperparathyroidism Anorexia Serum Calcium level
    Nausea & Vomiting >5 mEq/L
    Malignant Neoplastic Disease Weakness
    Lethargy
    Paget’s Disease Low Back Pain (from
    Kidney Stones)
    Osteoporosis Decreased level of Consciousness
    Personality Changes
    Prolonged immobilization Cardiac Arrest

    Acidosis
    Electrolyte Imbalances p. 4

    Causes: Signs and Symptoms:


    Physical Exam: Lab Findings:
    Hypomagnesemia
    Inadequate intake Muscular tremors Serum Mg+ level
    Hyperactive deep tendon <1.5 mEq/L
    Malnutrition & Alcoholism reflexes
    Confusion & disorientation
    Inadequate absorption: diarrhea, Dysrhythmias
    Vomiting, nasogastric drainage, Positive Chvostek’s sign
    Fistulas, diseases of the small & Trousseau’s sign
    Intestines

    Excessive loss resulting from thiazide


    Diuretics

    Aldosterone excess

    Polyuria

    Hypermagnesemia
    Renal failure physical findings that are more Serum Mg+ level
    Frequent in acute elevations in >2.5 mEq/L
    Excess oral or Parenteral intake magnesium levels:
    of magnesium Hypoactive deep tendon reflexes
    Decreased depth & rate of
    Respirations
    Hypotension
    Flushing

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