1.-21. Sorularda, Cümlede Boş Bırakılan Yere Uygun
1.-21. Sorularda, Cümlede Boş Bırakılan Yere Uygun
1.-21. Sorularda, Cümlede Boş Bırakılan Yere Uygun
1. The suggestions put forward by the research team A) uniformly B) formerly C) mentally
were immediately ---- by management and will
shortly go into effect. D) constantly E) equally
2. Various treaties and conferences have ---- the A) To / with B) On / to C) With / about
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prohibition of chemical warfare.
D) For / in E) At / by
A) looked down B) put up with C) turned off
D) reluctant E) indifferent
D) improved E) rejected
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the numerous tasks ---- engineers are responsible 20. If he had realised just how potentially dangerous
in time of war. his discovery was, he would surely have
suppressed it, ----?
A) that B) by which C) what
A) didn’t he B) wouldn’t he C) hadn’t he
D) for which E) for whom
D) wasn’t it E) wouldn’t it
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A) spring balances have been more successful
25. ---- that it will cut emissions of greenhouse gasses B) a heavy load could be weighed at a short
by about million tones per year over the next five distance from the fulcrum
years.
C) various technical improvements were soon
A) Scientist are engaged in research introduced
B) The Canadian government has announced
D) weighing continued to be a laborious operation
C) A group of scientist at the conference argued
D) The Council on Environmental Protection is afraid E) its use is illegal in England
E) The government had objected
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one of the smallest. has earned the title of "father of modern science".
D) It is the large iron core of Earth that accounts for E) The influence of Galilei on science earned him
its weight, for it is comparatively one of the the name of "father of modern science".
smaller planets of the solar system.
E) Even if Earth is a comparatively small planet in
the solar system, It' is extremely heavy on
account of its huge iron core.
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getirmek için büyük çaba sarf etmektedir. bilim üzerindeki etkisine iyi bir örnektir.
C) Japon hükümetinin tarımı verimli bir hale D) Seramikle ilgili çalışmalardan ilham alan B.Pallisy,
getirmesine karşın, Japonya'daki pirinç tarımı çok jeolojik araştırmalarıyla sanatın bilim üzerindeki
küçük ölçekte kalmıştır. etkisine iyi bir örnek vermiştir.
D) Japon hükümetinin tarımı daha verimli hale E) B. Pallisy'nin jeolojik araştırmaları ve seramik
getirmenin yollarını aramasına karşın, çalışmaları arasındaki ilişki, sanatla bilim
Japonya'daki pirinç tarımının çoğu hala küçük arasındaki etkileşimin iyi örneklerinden biridir.
ölçeklidir.
E) Japonya'daki çok küçük ölçekli olan pirinç tarımı,
Japon hükümetleri tarafından verimli hale
getirilmeye çalışıyor.
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ortam hazırlamıştır. D) What were you hoping to learn?
D) Elektrik pilinin ve elektrik akımının bulunması, 18. E) How accurate can such an instrument be?
yüzyılda fizyolog Luigi Galvani'nin elektrik
üzerine yaptığı çalışmalar sayesinde
gerçekleşmiştir.
E) 18. yüzyılda elektrik üzerine yapılan ilk
çalışmalar, fizyolog Luigi Galvani'nin elektrik 45. Mark: What is traffic physics?
akımını bulmasıyla sonuçlanmıştır.
Peter: Oh, everyone is talking about it these
days in Germany.
42-46. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş Mark: ----.
bırakılan kısmında söylenmiş olabilecek sözü Peter: Yes it is. For instance one method treats
bulunuz. cars on a highway as molecules in a gas
that want to move in one direction at a
42. Jennifer : I like to buy clothes made from natural certain velocity.
fibres.
Polly: But why? Man-made fibres have certain A) Perhaps they are doing something similar on
advantages you know. Dutch roads.
Jennifer : ----. B) Well, tell me about it.
Polly: The man-made ones are usually harder
C) It sounds rather improbable to me. What do you
wearing and easier to wash and iron.
think of it?
D) Why in Germany? Has it originated there?
A) What about their disadvantages?
B) Such as what? E) But what is it? Is it really scientific?
C) No, I'm not going to change my mind!
D) And what about natural fibres?
E) But the jacket you are wearing is made from a
natural fibre. 46. Brian: The subject of whether there are any
civilisations than that of Earth seems to
be back in favour.
James : Yes. It rather got forgotten after Firmi’s
43. Andrew: Do you happen to know anything about question.
the Nye Committee? Brian: ----.
Colin: Yes, it was appointed in 1934 to
investigate the munitions industry James : He simply asked “if extraterrestrials are
following allegations that armament commonplace, where are they?”
firms were working against the cause
of peace. A) But a lot of people seem pretty sure that there are
Andrew: ----. a lot of earth-like planets.
Colin: The allegations were found to be true,
B) He was a nuclear physicist, wasn’t he?
and therefore, the industry was
nationalized. C) No one has so far managed to detect radio
transmissions from other planets.
A) What were the results of their investigations?
D) What was that? I’ve forgotten all about it.
B) What a world we live in!
E) Yes, except by the writers of science fiction.
C) How is it you know all this?
D) I wonder just how much money these people
make out of armaments.
E) How long did these investigations take them?
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48. (I) Far from being a sinister pest, bats are actually
a good friend to humankind. (II) For a start, they eat 51. (I) The terms velocity and speed are often used
huge quantities of insects. (III) They are sometimes interchangeably in ordinary language. (II) But in
described “mice with wings,” but this is totally untrue. physics we make a distinction between the two. (III)
(IV) The little brown bat, for instance, is capable of An aircraft travelling faster than the speed of sound
catching and eating 1200 small insects in an hour. (V) breaks the sound barrier. (IV) Most importantly the
They also play an important role in pollinating flowers. term velocity is used to signify both the magnitude of
movement and the direction in which an object
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V moving. (V) Speed, on the other hand, relates to
magnitude only.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
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with life D) The warp threads are kept taut by iron weights
C) By means of echo-sounding much can be learned E) Since about 1900, automatic looms have been
about the surface of the seabed progressively introduced
D) Sedimentation is a slow process of creating land
masses
E) There, ocean-floor magma vents support an
ecology independent of sunlight 55. Some years ago, measurement on ice cores
showed that the concentration of carbon dioxide
in the atmosphere was lower during ice ages than
it is today. ----. Some researchers have sought an
explanation by suggesting that the whole-ocean
reservoir of algal nutrients was larger during
glacial times than it is now. Others by proposing
that the biological pump was more efficient then.
53. The science of how fire spreads is simple enough. A) So far no one has ever tired to solve this puzzle
----. This means that in a typical house fire, the
flames and fumes move upwards until they meet B) As yet there is no broadly accepted explanation
an obstruction, such as a ceiling, where they for this difference
mushroom out laterally until they reach a wall.
C) The reason for this was soon obvious
A) The opening of a door or window requires great D) There have been large cyclic variations in climate
caution as it may cause a violent outbreak of and glaciation during the past two million years
flames
E) The experiment focuses on the open ocean
B) Today fire - fighters begin their basic training with surrounding Antarctica
physics
C) One of the most skilled techniques employed by
fire-fighters is ventilation
D) Ventilation helps to reduce the risk of explosions 56. Concrete is strong in compression but it is
resulting from the build-up of hot gases relatively weak in tension. That means it is strong
when pushed together, but continuous flat slab
E) Once air is heated, it becomes lighter, rises and will not stretch well and might crumble. ----. Steel
seeks to escape through any openings that may is generally used for this purpose as it improves
be available the elasticity of concrete.
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mechanical damage and adverse conditions and to set
up new plants. Weeds may be controlled by hand, by
cultivation and other mechanical means, by biological
means and by chemical weedkillers. Chemical
weedkillers are widely used, either to give a total kill
and suppress all vegetation or to control weeds
selectively in crops.
57. The writer points out that weeds lead to 59. It is clear from the passage that some chemical
considerable financial loss ----. weedkillers have been specially designed ----.
A) because they appear where they are not wanted A) to rid the soil of all unwanted seed
B) because very little effort is made to control them B) to prevent weeds from producing seeds
C) as all weedkillers destroy the crops as well as the C) to destroy a weed's capacity to produce seeds
weeds that can lie dormant over long periods of time
D) as they are all aggressive and able to resist D) to destroy only unwanted vegetation
man's efforts to control them
E) to sterilise the earth and prevent all forms of
E) as the control of them is expensive and if they are vegetation from appearing
left uncontrolled they harm crops
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is allowed to become contaminated with gritty material.
Naked lights, steel tools or anything which might
produce spark or flame are therefore excluded from
the danger buildings. Each building has a "clean" floor
which may be approached only in specially cleaned
shoes, while the workers are provided with factory
clothing to ensure that grit is not carried into the
buildings.
10
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At the Great Exhibition of 1851 his planing, slotting,
shaking, drilling, punching and shearing machines
made him the outstanding machine-tool maker of the
age.
11
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the-century bridge designers began working with a
new building material: reinforced concrete, which has
steel bars embedded in it. And the master of this new
material was Swiss structural engineer Robert Maillart,
who designed some of the most original and influential
bridges of the modern era.
66. According to the passage, one important way in 68. We understand from the passage that there was a
which highway bridges differ from railway bridges great demand for highway bridges in the 20th
is that they ----. century ----.
A) are in constant use A) as more and more cars came into use
B) can have quite a sharp incline B) so many railway bridges were turned into
C) have to carry heavier loads highway bridges
D) must be quite straight C) even though the designing and building of them
was uninteresting work
E) are comparatively short
D) but railway bridges continued to attract the best
designers
E) and structural engineers found they could not
produce enough bridges
12
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carried down, for the recurrent freezing and thawing of
water lodged in joints and crevices of the rock forms a
powerful agent of disintegration. The action is the
same as that which leads to burst pipes. Freezing
causes expansion of the water in the spaces of a joint
and produces a pressure sufficient to break the rock.
69. The writer points out that most true avalanches ----.
71. The writer points out that the constant freezing
A) consist of falling rock not of snow or ice and thawing of water in rock crevices ----.
B) occur when the snow has started to melt A) is what causes an avalanche
C) occur when the snow has melted a little and then B) is an unimportant detail
frozen hard again
C) produces a smooth rock surface
D) cause considerable disintegration of the rock
D) causes a build-up of snow
surfaces they come in contact with
E) will cause the rock to break up
E) rarely leave behind them a bare rock surface
13
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being as light and compact as possible, landing-wheel
brakes must remain effective and balanced during
very high rates of energy dissipation due to the great
weight of the aircraft and the very high landing
speeds.
72. It is clear from the passage that one of the 74. According to the passage, the braking system of
functions of an aircraft's landing-wheel brakes is small aircraft ----.
to ----.
A) differs little from that of larger aircraft
A) act as a substitute steering aid
B) is not very different from that of ordinary cars and
B) prevent the craft from moving during engine buses
warm-up
C) is both power - operated and manual
C) keep the aircraft steady after touch - down
D) is specially designed for coping with high - speed
D) assist in the dissipation of energy on landing landings
E) prevent the aircraft landing at very high speeds E) cannot be used to steer the craft after landing
14
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instance, those in Switzerland and Sweden, have
been largely dictated by the desire to operate the
railway system without dependence upon imported
fuel.
C) do not outweigh the problems involved B) as they were determined to keep their mountain
air unpolluted
D) have only recently become apparent
C) as other railway systems were not practical in
E) are confined to mountainous conditions high altitudes
D) because they wanted to develop a railway system
that did not rely on imported fuel
E) because the only safe braking system on a steep
gradient is electric one
15
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promoted a close link between exploration and botanic
gardens. One well-known botanic garden is the Royal E) though this is still a very new development
Botanic Garden at Edinburgh which was founded in
1670 by Robert Sibbald for the cultivation of medical
plants. Since that date it has been removed to several
different sites. It is now one of the major botanic
gardens in Britain with an area of over 60 acres.
TEST BĐTTĐ
CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDĐNĐZ
16
1. B 2. E 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. C
11. A 12. E 13. A 14. D 15. C 16. D 17. E 18. C 19. D 20. B
21. E 22. C 23. E 24. D 25. B 26. E 27. E 28. B 29. C 30. E
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31. A 32. C 33. A 34. E 35. B 36. C 37. D 38. C 39. B 40. A
41. B 42. B 43. A 44. A 45. E 46. D 47. C 48. C 49. D 50. B
51. C 52. B 53. E 54. C 55. B 56. A 57. E 58. A 59. D 60. E
61. E 62. C 63. A 64. C 65. D 66. B 67. E 68. A 69. B 70. A
71. E 72. B 73. A 74. B 75. A 76. C 77. D 78. B 79. C 80. D
17
D) solution E) process
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2. Atoms are of electrons and a nucleus containing
protons and neutrons. A) So / as B) As / as C) Whether / so
D) kept E) completed
5. Science requires the testing of its ideas or theories 11. Pile foundations are costly and normally economic
to see if its predictions are by experiment. only commercial structures on valuable sites.
A) made up B) borne out C) closed in A) in the manner of B) in the case of
E) in accordance with
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earth to rise.
A) were warning / has caused
B) have been warning / was causing 19. Researchers disagree whether a large ocean
ever existed on Mars, but one thing is certain:
C) have warned / may cause Martian geology is turning to be strange and
complex.
D) had warned / caused
A) of / round B) in / over C) for / up
E) warn / will have caused
D) on / out E) about / in
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desired value can be reduced to zero
E) tough two of its stable isotopes exist as liquids right
E) which had been capable of fulfilling a number of down to the absolute zero
functions
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E) After they began to search for extraterrestrial C) Oldukça küçük nesneler olan asteroitler, çoğunlukla
civilisations by means of radio astronomy Mars ve Jüpiter arasındaki yörüngelerde hareket
ederler.
D) Nispeten küçük nesneler olan asteroitlerin çoğunun
yörüngesi Mars ve Jüpiter’in yörüngeleri arasındadır.
30. Until science develops ways of predicting natural
disasters earlier and more accurately, . E) Sürekli olarak Mars ve Jüpiter’in yörüngeleri
arasındaki boşlukta hareket eden asteroitler, aslında
A) prevention, unfortunately, usually eludes us son derece küçük nesnelerdir.
B) flooding regularly takes a heavy toll of human life
C) modern technology cannot shield us from the
destructive force of a hurricane
D) they will continue to cause untold suffering 33. One of the important consequences of the theory of
throughout the world relativity is that time is no longer regarded as an
absolute quantity.
E) the lethal release of natural carbon dioxide is
entirely preventable A) Görecelik kuramı, zamanın artık mutlak bir nicelik
olarak kabul edilmemesi gerektiğini kesin olarak
göstermektedir.
B) Görecelik kuramının en önemli iddiası, zamanın
31. when heat resistant materials are required. tartışmasız bir nicelik olma özelliğini kaybetmesidir.
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C) Toprakta önemli tahribat yapan ve meyvelerle E) Birçok bitkinin, özellikle de kurak bölgedekilerin
yapraklar üzerinde leke bırakan asit yağmuru, kökleri, aynı zamanda birer su deposu görevi
özellikle, ince toprak ve granit kayalarla kaplı görebilir.
bölgelerin ekosistemlerini etkiler.
D) Asıl etkisini ince topraklı ve granit kayalı bölgelerin
ekosistemleri üzerinde gösteren asit yağmuru,
meyve ve yapraklarda leke yapmakla kalmaz,
toprakta da büyük tahribata yol açar.
E) Asit yağmuru meyve ve yapraklarda leke yapabilir 37. - 41. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümlenin anlamına
ve toprağı olumsuz olarak etkileyebilir, ancak asıl en yakın Đngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.
etkisi, özellikle ince topraklı ve granit kayalı
bölgelerdeki ekosistemler üzerindedir.
37. Birinci Dünya Savaşının sonlarına doğru,
bombardıman uçakları daha ihtisaslaşmış duruma
gelmekteydi ve hafif ve ağır olmak üzere iki alt sınıfa
ayrılmıştı.
A) The subclasses, heavy and light, were only
introduced for bombing aircraft towards the end of
World War I when they had become more
35. The diagnostic use of ultrasound in medicine is a
specialized.
complicated and very interesting application of
physical principles. B) As World War I was drawing to a close, bombing
aircraft had become so specialized that they had to
A) Fizik ilkelerinin oldukça karmaşık ve çok ilginç bir
be divided into two new subclasses, heavy and light.
uygulaması olan ültrason, tıpta tanı amacıyla
kullanılmaktadır. C) Bombing aircraft had become so much more
specialized by the end of World War I that two new
B) Ültrasonun tıpta tanı için kullanımı, fizik ilkelerinin
subclasses were recognized, light and heavy.
karmaşık ve çok ilginç bir uygulamasıdır.
D) Towards the end of World War I, bombing aircraft
C) Tıpta tanı amacıyla kullanılan ültrason, karmaşık
were becoming more specialized and were divided
fizik ilkelerinin oldukça ilginç bir uygulamasıdır.
into two subclasses, light and heavy.
D) Karmaşık fizik ilkelerinin tıptaki ilginç
E) As bombing aircraft were becoming more
uygulamalarından biri de tanı için kullanılan
specialized towards the end of World War I, they
ültrasondur.
had to be divided into two subclasses, heavy and
E) Oldukça karmaşık ve son derece ilginç fizik ilkelerini light.
uygulayan ültrason, tıpta teşhis aracı olarak
kullanılır.
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E) In relation to their annual migration, the behaviour
patterns of many bird species are quite fascinating. D) As a result of sparse vegetation, desert soil is poor
in organic material but, nevertheless, it is often rich
in minerals.
E) Though desert soil has rich mineral deposits, the
meagre vegetation means it is completely
39. Sünger çok hücreli olmasına karşın, hücreleri lacking in organic material.
birbirine gevşek bir şekilde bağlıdır ve belirgin doku
oluşturmaz.
A) The cells of the multicellular sponge are so loosely
connected that they do not form definite tissues.
B) The sponge is obviously multicellular, but the cells
42.-46. sorularda karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan
are clearly too loosely connected to form tissues.
kısmında söylenmiş olabilecek sözü bulunuz.
C) Although the sponge is multicellular, its cells are
loosely connected and do not form specific tissues.
D) Because the cells of the multicellular sponge are 42. Mark:
loosely connected, they do not form specific tissues. - The new developments in advertising techniques
E) The tissues of the multicellular sponge definitely are really very interesting.
evolve from the loosely connected cells. Peter:
- ----
Mark:
- Well, here's one of the big petrol companies
40. Hava taşımacılığı, temelde ulusal itibar, ticaret ve flaunting its commitment to environmental
savunma nedenleriyle, ilk günlerinden beri considerations.
hükümetler için yakın ilgi konusu olmuştur.
Peter:
A) Since its earliest days, air transport has been a
matter of close concern to governments, primarily - Yes, that certainly is a new approach.
for reasons of national prestige trade and defence.
A) Give me an example.
B) Right from the beginning, governments have
recognized the importance of air transport largely for B) I make a point of never believing an
reasons of national prestige, trade and defence. advertisement.
C) Even at the start, air transport has been closely C) The techniques may have changed, but have the
supported by governments as it affects a country's aims?
prestige, trade and defence.
D) The aim of every advertisement is to deceive!
D) Governments were immediately aware of the
importance of air transport largely on account of its E) Perhaps. But how much are they costing us?
affect on a country's prestige trade and security.
E) It is primarily because air transport can affect a
country's prestige, trade and security that
governments everywhere have started to treat it
seriously.
Chris: - ---
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Brian: chemicals and foodstuffs.
- True. But I prefer to see it all on the TV. A) What are some of its uses?
A) Actually. I would, too. If only to see the flora. B) But why is it an advantage?
A) That's right. It is incompatible with most common A) I used the baby's oil last time, too.
metals and so is usually stored in aluminium
B) Well, you’d better do the job yourself.
containers.
C) People are always talking about them, but do they
B) But it has a great many other uses. Would you like
do any good?
me to list them all for you?
D) So what oil will do?
C) Some say the Germans used it in the jet propulsion
unit of the M.E. 163 plane. E) But why not? Surely oil is oil!
D) Strengths higher than 90% are obtained by
refrigeration techniques.
E) Yes. But it has a lot more uses. For instance, it's
used in anti-shrink treatments in textiles and as a
germicide in cosmetic preparations.
47.-51. sorularda, parçada boş bırakılan yere uygun 49. Thermal insulation is concerned with the problem of
düşen ifadeyi bulunuz. reducing the transfer of heat from one place to
another and depends upon the thermal resistance of
the insulating medium. . However, this is not very
satisfactory in an ordinary air space because
47. The object of the air traffic control officers is to radiation is also involved in the transfer of heat
achieve the highest densities in all parts of the
controlled air space that is consistent with safety
and the elimination of collision risk . The A) Since air is a very poor conductor, an air gap,
amounts of the separation are partly dependent upon narrow enough to minimize convection, may be
the means available for determining accurately the used for insulation
position and course of the various aircraft. B) Thermal conductivity is a term that is only strictly
applicable to homogeneous materials
A) For purposes of air traffic control, air space is
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divided and then subdivided C) In general, the lighter the material per unit volume,
the greater its insulating value per unit thickness
B) Military aviation originally held itself outside any air
traffic control but for a long time now this has not D) The vertical air spaces used in insulating buildings
been practicable are actually only about one third as thick
C) They, therefore. direct the captains of aircraft so as E) The optimum thickness must also be chosen to
to maintain adequate vertical and horizontal avoid condensation of moisture inside the walls
separation between aircraft
D) As these are within controlled air space a pilot
intending to fly along them must file a flight plan.
E) The “flight progress strip" gives an indication of what
is happening to any aircraft in the area 50. Germination is the initiation of growth in a newly
formed plant-structure, or the resumption of growth
after a period of rest, as in fungus and bacterial
spores, but exemplified most vividly in seeds. .
Growth is stopped and respiration is extremely slow.
At germination, development is resumed and
there is a spectacular acceleration of function.
48. The Wankel engine has many advantages over the A) The essential point about germination is the sudden
reciprocating piston engine. Fewer moving parts are change from a resting state to one of intense activity
necessary because it produces a rotary movement
without using a connecting rod and a crankshaft. B) The development of the new plant starts at
. In addition, it has no valves and it is smaller and fertilization
lighter than conventional engines of the same power. C) Before full physiological activity can be resumed, the
dehydrated tissues must become fully turgid with
A) Though there are advantages, there are also water
disadvantages
D) As the embryo swells it ruptures the seed coat
B) Because of this rotary, movement it has no vibration E) In the resting condition, the life processes are
slowed down to a minimum
C) A fresh charge is then induced into the cylinder
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“miraculous”
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
53. (I) The simplest type of engine classification is 56. (I) It is hard to imagine a better means of
doubtless by reference to the kind of fuel used. (II) preservation than entombment in amber (II) Indeed,
Nevertheless, reciprocating engines may be divided amber or hardened tree resin has preserved
more fundamentally into those running on the Otto organisms ranging from bacteria to mammals for
cycle (spark ignition) and those running on Akrody's millions of years. (Ill) It is clear that spiders, for
and Diesel's cycles (compression ignition). (Ill) The instance, had their fair share of specialized enemies
former are usually used for small scale power then as now. (IV) It surpassed even the finest grain
generation. (IV) The latter, which burn heavy oil are sediments in its ability to retain details. (V) Deposits
of two types, slow speed for ships and high speed are found round the world, but amber from
for motor vehicles. (V) Subsequently, improvements Hispaniola is especially fossil-rich.
in engine design appeared at an amazing speed.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
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the invitation of Charles II and his ministers, grappled that long-term ones threatened its independence
with problems of national food supply, arboriculture,
naval architecture and navigation. Throughout the 18th
century it worked with the admiralty on what was then E) avoided, whenever it was at all possible to do so
called “the problem of the longitude” in the solution of involvement in schemes of national importance
which are associated the names of the astronomers
Edmond Halley and Nevil Maskelyne, the chronometer
maker John Harrison and the navigator James Cook. It
found a cure for jail-fever and advised on the protection
of ships of war against lightning; it organized a geodetic
survey of the British Isles and appointed scientific
personnel to several Arctic and Antarctic expedition.
C) has never worked directly for kings or government C) are actually forced upon it by king or parliament
departments though the members themselves do not like to admit
this
D) is mainly concerned with navigation and indeed all D) are truly national in character, being designed to
naval matters benefit the people whether directly or indirectly
E) has often refused to act for the government in an E) amount to nothing more than recommending
advisory capacity suitable people for specific situations
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E) that the noise made by the German Zeppelins was
it a qualitative ascendancy in this field retained until the
easy to recognize and locate
end of World War II. Indeed the first night attack on
London caused such public consternation that its gun
defences had to be doubled within forty-eight hours and,
though they hit few planes, their presence was of great
psychological value.
60. We understand from the passage that the 62. The passage emphasizes that, after the first night
development of aircraft as a weapon of war was so attack on London, .
rapid that at the start of World War I .
A) enemy aircraft were continually being shot down
A) most cities had already been equipped with
searchlights B) the moral of the people there remained high
B) anti-aircraft procedures had already been formulated C) the value of manned aircraft in time of war was
finally admitted
C) no country had prepared itself to combat an air
attack D) the city's defence system was increased twofold
within a couple of days
D) Britain had enough specialized anti-aircraft
equipment to see her through to the end of the war E) it became increasingly difficult for enemy bombers to
reach their targets
E) it was only in Germany that measures had been
taken to combat air attacks
11
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than the usual ones and so promise less waste and
higher profits. Normally, tomatoes produce a protein that
softens them after they have been picked. Scientists
introduce into a tomato plant a gene that is a mirror
image of the one that codes for the "softening" enzyme.
This gene fastens itself to the RNA of the native gene
and blocks its action. A vine-ripe tomato with this special
gene rots more slowly than a normal tomato, allowing
growers to harvest at the most flavourful and nutritious
red stage. The tomatoes will still last much longer during
shipping and marketing than regular tomatoes harvested
when green.
C) farmers have only just started to take an interest in it B) they are far more nutritious than the normal ones
even when picked at the green stage
D) its advantages have only just become obvious to
farmers C) they can be picked when ripe and at their tastiest,
and won't spoil in transport
E) the success-rate of inserting a desired trait is not
very high D) the gene used to prevent rotting is perfectly stable
12
To obtain power from the sun's rays is to use nuclear B) as even on cloudless days it cannot be made to
power developed at no expense in a laboratory 93 million yield a great deal of power
miles away, for the radiant energy of the sun is C) even though it can be harnessed with 100 per cent
maintained by nuclear transformation of chemical efficiency
elements occurring in the sun's interior at temperatures
of many million degrees, and at pressures of many D) since the harnessing of thermonuclear power from
million atmospheres. The resources of solar power are the oceans is felt to be more profitable
enormous. If 100 per cent efficiency could be secured in
E) because the expense of harnessing it is not
the transformation of radiant solar energy into
economically viable
mechanical work, a horsepower per square yard of
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ground surface would be available under cloudless skies.
The expense of collecting solar energy still prevents its
competition with the usual power sources .Yet, unless
the vague promise of safe thermonuclear power from
oceans becomes realized, solar power must supply the
enormous and growing requirements of posterity within
two centuries. Because the ground sources (coal, oil and
uranium) as they near exhaustion will become more
costly than solar power.
66. The writer of the passage regards the sun . 68. The passage contains a warning that .
A) as both the largest and the cheapest source of A) such ground sources of energy as coal and oil will
power be used up by the next generation
B) as an inefficient source of energy as cloud prevents B) solar energy could prove dangerous as it is a form of
it from being effective nuclear energy
C) as offering little more in the way of energy for the C) future ages may have no option but the sun's rays to
future than thermonuclear power meet their energy requirements
D) as a far distant laboratory that produces nuclear D) thermonuclear power from oceans could prove even
power more costly than solar power
E) as a source of power too vast and dangerous to be E) the costs of harnessing solar power are not likely to
tampered with or used be reduced
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bananas require vast cubic capacity. The ports which the
vessel must enter may impose restrictions on length and
draught. Passage through canals may restrict both
draught and breadth. The nature of the cargo may
determine the size of cargo holds and of the hatchways
through which the cargo is loaded and unloaded.
Available facilities at the ports to be entered affect the
loading and unloading apparatus to be installed in the
vessel.
69. We understand from the passage that the size of a 71. According to the passage, a great many factors have
ship . to be considered in the design of a ship .
A) needs to be large if it is to have high-density A) of which economic matters are the least important
cargoes
B) and no designer is prepared to accept just a simple
B) will reflect the type of goods to be carried outline of requirements
C) is unimportant so long as it does not have to pass C) but one of the least important is the cubic capacity
through canals needed for the cargo
D) has relatively little bearing upon its cost D) including regulations and conditions in the ports it
will call in at
E) affects the system of loading and unloading of the
cargo E) in particular the relationship between length and
breadth
14
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microclimate above and below the surface, generally in
the direction of a general drying out of the soil which has
exposed it to erosive action of wind and rainfall of high
intensity or frequency, and to the loss of organic matter in
the soil, thus reducing its capacity to resist erosion by
conserving the water that falls on the surface. If
everything possible is done within the total environment
to conserve the naturally planted or cultivated vegetation,
this will also ensure optimal conservation of soil and
water.
B) is largely due to gradual changes in climate over B) is a direct result of insufficient rain
long years C) is an irreversible process
C) became inevitable as soon as agricultural and D) has made the soil more susceptible to erosion
animal husbandry developed
E) came about through over-planting which robbed the
D) cannot be remedied soil of nutrients
E) has been needlessly exaggerated
15
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hot. This is why many experts want to store waste above amount increases
ground until it has decayed and is cool enough to be
E) can be safely left to cool down underground in
stored safely in sealed repositories several hundreds of
sealed repositories
metres below ground. According to one recent theory,
however, waste should be lowered down boreholes
drilled to 4 kilometres. The trick is to exploit heat
generated by the waste to fuse the surrounding rock and
contain any leaking radioactivity.
E) will in all likelihood soon be resolved, and a clear D) in which the radioactive isotopes are prevented from
policy agreed on by concerned governments releasing heat
E) whereby the heat produced by that waste will serve
to seal it safely into the rock under which it
has been buried
16
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E) acoustics were a primary concern in the design of all
penetrate to the other side; but with the usual hard,
buildings
unyielding walls of which most buildings are made, more
than 90% of the sound energy is reflected back into the
room at each impact, so that some time must elapse
before all is spent. It is this reverberation which, in its
excess, is the prime cause of the faulty acoustics of
many pre 20th century buildings.
D) is of equally short duration both indoors and C) can be accurately measured for acoustic purposes
outdoors D) has a damaging effect upon the acoustics of a room
E) has duration equal to that of the tone production E) can last longer than the actual tone-production itself
TEST BĐTTĐ
YANITLARINIZI KONTROL EDĐNĐZ
17
1. A 2. C 3. E 4. D 5. B 6. E 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. E
11. B 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. B 16. E 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. B
21. D 22. A 23. E 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. D 28. E 29. A 30. D
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31. A 32. B 33. C 34. E 35. B 36. A 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. A
41. D 42. A 43. B 44. E 45. D 46. E 47. C 48. B 49. D 50. E
51. E 52. B 53. E 54. D 55. B 56. C 57. A 58. B 59. D 60. C
61. B 62. D 63. D 64. E 65. D 66. A 67. E 68. C 69. E 70. A
71. D 72. C 73. D 74. A 75. C 76. B 77. E 78. C 79. D 80. A
18
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2. In an effort to ---- air-pollution levels in busy
cities, driving is banned in 150 cities in Italy for
10 hours every Sunday.
9. The environment in which we live changes
A) put up with B) force out continuously ---- "natural causes" over which we
C) cut back on D) move off with have little control.
E) elimination
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Center towers ----, in fact, hypotheses, theories of A) over against B) along with
what ----. C) from under D) up against
A) were / might happen E) out of
B) are / might have happened
C) will be / has happened
D) would have been / might happen 21. Superconductivity occurs only ---- certain
materials, for example lead, and only, then ----
E) have been / may happen very low temperatures.
A) with / at B) at / in C) in / by
D) for / from E) by / for
17. For four decades, researchers ---- the heavens for
radio signals that an advanced civilization ---- into
the vastness of the galaxy.
A) have been scanning / may have emitted
B) scanned / will have emitted
C) had scanned / could have been emitted
D) scan / would have emitted
E) are being scanned / could have emitted
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D) French reserves are among the best in Europe the Milky Way
as regards quantity
E) Stimulated by the rapid growth of the railways,
the iron and steel industry expanded rapidly in
Russia 27. There are seasons of plentiful water and others of
scarcity ----.
A) when water has to be used sparingly
23. ---- if nuclear energy is to supplant conventional B) though irrigation schemes were introduced
methods of generating electricity. C) since these outlets are designed to deliver
A) There will be further increases in the total energy supplies of water automatically
consumption D) where traditional methods of irrigation still
B) The National Industrial Fuel Efficiency Service is remain in use
prepared to advise E) so flow irrigation is best suited to a flat
C) Oil and natural gas are in competition with the countryside
older fuels
D) Mechanical methods of mining will increase the
competitive power of coal
28. More attention is being given to improved
E) A great many difficulties will have to be efficiency in the use of fuel ----.
overcome
A) because they cause environmental pollution
B) if prices continue to rise at this rate
C) as the cost of fuel increases
24. ---- why no one warned him to check the pressure
in the tank constantly. D) whether cleaner methods are forthcoming
A) Surely someone could have thought of it E) which should have been discovered earlier
B) I simply cannot comprehend
C) It's just another example of irresponsibility
29. After take-off, the pilot of an aircraft is often given
D) The instructions state expressly a course to steer ----.
E) It should have been a matter of common sense A) though the air traffic control officer will still be
using field glasses
B) whether the weather conditions were suitable or
not
25. ---- as it contains salt.
C) since he will be watched by direct visual means
A) The sea freezes at temperatures below the from the control tower unless there is fog
normal freezing point of water
D) until a specific reporting point or height is
B) She tries to avoid such types of food reached
C) In polar regions glaciers frequently flow down E) so long as the landing gear retracts correctly
into the sea
D) The warmer the air the more moisture it can
carry
E) Snowflakes, like other from of water vapour,
nearly always possess a crystal structure
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force.
D) The magnetic force of iron and a few other
metals such as cobalt and nickel are the only
strong ones.
31. The collapse of a British company developing E) The only metals, other than iron, to show a
genetically engineered vaccines in plants has strong magnetic force are cobalt and nickel.
raised fears ----.
A) why the public has shown so much hostility to
genetically modified plants
B) that medical biotechnology may also be
adversely affected
C) if industry analysts had been intimidated by rival
companies
D) unless all such plants are grown in glass houses
33. Son araştırmalar, canlılarda oluşan kimyasal
and not in open fields
tepkimelerin hemen hemen tümünün, protein
E) though it failed to raise adequate funds to molekülleri tarafından katalizlediğini göstermiştir.
finance the next stage of' vaccine development
A) Recent studies have shown that almost all
programme
chemical reactions that take place in living
organisms are catalysed by protein molecules.
B) It seems from recent studies, that the majority of
chemical reactions that occur in living organisms
are catalysed by proteins molecules.
C) Recent studies suggest that the chemical
reactions that take place in all living organisms
are catalysed by protein molecules.
D) Recent studies have established that in the
chemical reactions that take place in living
organisms, the catalyst is almost always proteins
molecules.
E) The result of recent studies into the chemical
reactions that occur in living organisms has been
to establish that protein molecules are almost
invariably the catalyst.
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of ice-covered particles
D) A hypothesis suggests a likely solution to a
problem based on a set of interrelated E) Saturn is noted for its magnificent ring system,
statements. which is composed of myriads of ice-covered
particles.
E) A set of interconnected statements that offer a
possible solution to a problem is known as a
hypothesis.
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C) Uranyum atomlarının parçalandığı nükleer destek olan Đngiliz uçak sanayi 1909'da
reaktörler, olabildiğince ucuz elektrik üretmek kurulmuştur, ancak teknoloji I. Dünya Savaşı
için kullanılmaktadır.
nedeniyle çok hızlı ilerlemiş ve seri üretime
D) Uranyum atomlarının parçalanması sonucu başlanmıştır.
nükleer reaktörlerde üretilen elektrik, çok daha
D) Đlk kez 1909'da kurulmuş olan Đngiliz uçak
ucuza mal olabilir.
sanayi, başlangıçta sadece birkaç öncü
E) Elektrik, uranyum atomlarının parçalandığı havacıya destek vermiştir, ancak I. Dünya
nükleer reaktörlerde çok daha ucuz olarak Savaşı teknolojiyi çok hızlandırmış ve seri
üretilebilir. üretime yol açmıştır.
E) Đngiliz uçak sanayi ilk kez 1909'da kurulunca
öncelikle gönüllü birkaç havacıya destek olmuş
ve I. Dünya Savaşı'nda teknolojiyi hızla
geliştirerek seri üretime başlamıştır.
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bir dizi önemli araştırma sayesinde, nükleik Because, among other things, their machinery
asitleri ilk kez akyuvarlardan ve balık is less advanced.
sperminden izole edebilmiştir.
A) That used to be the case, but it isn't any longer.
D) Nükleik asitler, ilk kez, 1869'da başlayan dikkate
değer bir dizi araştırmada, Đsviçreli biyokimyacı B) I find that hard to believe.
Miescher tarafından akyuvarlardan ve balık
C) I don't think it's been proved.
sperminden izole edilmiştir.
D) Yes, that's true.
E) Đsviçreli biyokimyacı Miescher, nükleik asitleri
akyuvarlardan ve balık sperminden izole etmek E) One shouldn't generalize like that.
için ilk kez 1869'de bir dizi dikkate değer
araştırma gerçekleştirmiştir.
43. Andy:
Did you know that, by flying in formation,
aircraft can reduce consumption by up to
25%?
David:
----
Andy:
Really? How interesting.
David:
Yes. The leader has to work hardest; so on
long flights, the stronger birds take it in turn
to lead.
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tastes better.
A) No I haven't. What's been happening?
B) I think you mean not free. He's hired for a A) Probably not; but I'm not a fan of the organic.
particular job and the data obtained becomes B) Well, certainly not as regards the flavour.
the properly of the company that pays for the
research. C) It's hard to say. And it's not easy to research the
subject.
C) I read something about in the newspaper last
week, and then forgot all about it. D) It stands to reason that there are.
D) There's been a lot about it on the TV recently, E) Frankly, I don't take the debate seriously.
but as it doesn't concern us, I've rather ignored
it.
E) A good scientist is always free. It is only the
second-rate ones who complain and feel they
are being ill-treated. I'm quite out of sympathy
with the whole issue.
45. Pat:
Listen to this! In Australia, they are starting to
recycle mobile phones.
Stan:
----
Pat:
The old phones are being melted down and
the harmful gases extracted for commercial
re-use.
Stan:
Good for them, I hope other countries follow
suit.
48.
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for space research but are not completely D) As a result, model experiment is quite unsuitable
comprehended in it E) One stroke horse-power for each 100 Ib gross
C) This is why space vehicles can make direct weight may be expected to give speed of about
studies of phenomena of interest above the 75 miles per hour
dense atmosphere
D) Experiments involving the artificial creation of
new condition in space have also been
conducted
E) Space, in this connection, means regions
beyond the earth which cannot be reached by
airborne vehicles such as balloons or
aeroplanes
10
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be vital
atmosphere with dust
D) But, if planes are made of carbon composites,
E) Small breezes can then give a twist the rising
one cannot see the damage.
warm air.
E) Ultrasound and X- ray techniques have both
been used, but these are slow and costly
11
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E) have no equal anywhere else in Europe 174
War II of certain steel plants, some of the older Ruhr
towns have diversified their industries considerably:
vehicles, electrical goods and clothing are now being
produced.
12
Post war radar has been developed for an enormous A contraption that automatically fits deer with a
range of uses from police radar speed traps to the pesticide impregnated collar is helping to tackle the
ballistic missile early warning systems. At sea it is menace of Lyme disease, which is usually spread
used on ships of all sizes from the super tankers among people by ticks that live on the deer. This
down to pleasure craft, and the air it guards military disease is now one of the fastest spreading infectious
and civilian aircraft against collisions. It is even used diseases in the US and can be fatal. Trapping and
to keep track of the orbital junkyard created by treating every deer in a forest with pesticides isn't
innumerable space launches. Radar found an easy, so a machine has been designed to do it. The
unexpected use in astronomy and space navigation. animals are lured to a feeding tray where have to
Radar signals were bounced off the moon in 1946 place their heads in a V-shaped through to get to the
and reflections were obtained from Venus and the food. The machine keeps an open pesticide
sun in the late 1950s. Subsequently, radar maps impregnated collar at the ready, drooping next to the
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were made of the moon and Venus - not that such trough where the deer will put its neck. As the animal
long ranges are essential for radar maps to prove takes the food, its neck presses down on a switch
themselves useful. For example, satellite-borne radar that triggers a spring- loaded arm. This propels one
aimed at the earth has actually led to the discovery of end of the open collar over the neck where it meets
previously unknown remnants of a Mayan canal the other end. The two ends join using Velcro, so
drainage system in Central America. within seconds of the animal's arrival the collar is
complete.
60. It is clear from the passage that following World
War II ----. 63. The passage is about a special collar for deer
which ----.
A) the uses of radar in many fields have expanded
vastly
A) keeps them tick-free and safe from Lyme
B) space exploration has been one of the few areas disease
of technology not to benefit from radar
B) is impregnated with a poison that kills the ticks
C) the exploration of space has been made
on the deer
possible through the use of radar
D) the construction of super tankers has increased C) replaces the older system of spraying them with
considerably pesticides
E) radar has been replaced by other navigational D) is part of a research project to keep track of their
devices movements
D) has been to determine speed ranges for various D) is rapidly on the decline in the US
vehicles
E) affects deer more than any other animal
E) was to guide combat aircraft towards their
targets during World War II
65. We understand from the passage that the collars
are fitted to the deer
B) have sometimes proved unreliable C) while they feed and the process only lasts
C) can control the movements of satellites seconds
D) are adversely affected by space launches D) with a mechanism that has to be man-operated
E) can travel enormous distances through space
E) before they are allowed near the food
13
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developing countries, transport represents 14 per transport
cent of total energy consumption but the number of
automobiles is approximately 20/1000 people, E) significantly, if certain simple measures were put
compared to 600/1000 people industrialized into effect
countries. In attention to strictly technical
improvements that can be made to automobiles and
trucks, there is another important area of action
which could help in the solution of the problems,
namely, system operation. In this category, there is a
variety of actions that could be performed more
efficiently such as transporting passengers and
freight by other means, such as bus and rail that
would result in lower energy consumption and
therefore, lower emissions.
B) account for a large proportion the energy A) the growing concern about the pollution caused
consumed by car emissions
C) will be easier to meet as vehicle efficiency B) that the technical improvements introduced by
improves the car industry have led to cleaner emissions
D) are being reviewed with the aim of meeting them C) the unexpected drop in car sales
with greater efficiency
D) the trend to send goods by train not by lorry
E) will continue to rise at roughly the same rate
E) that the number of cars per household is not
increasing as fast as formerly
14
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from landfill gas is already fully economic; but has
D) will probably never even reach its interim target
on account of the expenses involved
limited scope for growth as the country moves away
from land filling waste. Energy recovery from waste is
highly controversial and also limited in capacity. So, if E) needs government support if it is to be
Britain is to meet her interim target of five per cent by implemented
2003 and 10 per cent by 2010, she must look to other
renewables for growth.
69. The passage contains a warning for Britain that 71. We understand from the passage that at present,
----. almost all of Britain's electricity ----.
A) if she is to produce more electricity, she has to A) is generated from non-renewable resources
make huge investments in renewable resources
B) is targeted to be produced from various
B) if she fails to meet her 2003 interim target for renewable resources
electrical power production, industry could come
to a standstill. C) could be provided through natural renewable
resources
C) in order to reach her electricity target, she will
have to find other renewable resources D) is being economically produced from landfill gas
D) since renewable resources are never cost- E) is being produced uneconomically, and this has
effective, she must develop new technologies aroused the concern of the government
15
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central Asia. It has been estimated that the volume of
the world's glaciers and ice sheets exceeds E) the volume of glaciers in the world is rapidly
11,000,000 cubic miles which, if returned to the decreasing
oceans, would raise the sea - level by some 200 ft,
submerging all existing seaports and much land
besides.
B) the size of glaciers in the Himalayas and in A) the glaciers around the world are rapidly melting
Antarctica
B) all towns close to the sea are under immediate
C) the glaciers on the snowline and those at great threat
heights
C) the amount of water held by the glaciers really is
D) the location of glaciers in the tropics and in arctic enormous
regions
D) the oceans around the world have been rising
E) the climatic effects of glaciers in different parts steadily for some time
of the world
E) it will be impossible to prevent flooding if the
glaciers continue to meet at this rate
16
The report, Dams and Development, which has been A) has been indirectly responsible for the pollution
recently published, provides stark evidence that the of rivers
world's 45,000 large dams which block over half of
the world's rivers, have been failed experiments. B) has led to a huge increase in electrical
They have failed to produce as much electricity and production
water, or control as much flood damage, as their
backers claim. They regularly suffer huge cost- C) has been to the advantage of rural communities
overruns and time delays. They have made up to 80 rather than urban ones
million people homeless, and their benefits have
largely gone to the urban well-off not the rural poor
they displace. Moreover, their effects on ecosystems D) has forced millions of people to abandon their
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have been disastrous. homes
17
Our understanding of submarine volcanic eruptions A) a great deal of information correcting the
has improved substantially in the past decade owing eruption of the Axial volcano was obtained
to the recent ability to remotely detect such events
and to respond rabidly with brief surveys and B) a lot of data have been collected concerning
sampling at the eruption site. But these data are oceanic eruptions throughout the world
necessarily limited to observations after the event. In
contrast, the 1998 eruption of the Axial volcano on C) it is now possible to anticipate when volcanic
the Juan de Fuce ridge was monitored by on site eruptions are going to take place
sea-floor instruments. One of these instruments,
which measured bottom pressure, was overrun and
entrapped by the 1998 lava flow. The data recorded D) scientists can now watch the volcanic activities
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by this discovered. The data recorded by this at an eruption site while they are actually
instrument reveal the duration, character and effusion happening
rate of an eruption on a mid-ocean ridge.
E) we have come to understand the part played by
bottom pressure during a volcanic eruption
18
1. D 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. E 8. E 9. B 10. E
11. C 12. D 13. A 14. E 15. E 16. B 17. A 18. D 19. C 20. B
21. A 22. A 23. E 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. C
31. B 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. D 36. E 37. E 38. A 39. D 40. E
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41. D 42. D 43. A 44. E 45. A 46. D 47. C 48. E 49. C 50. B
51. E 52. B 53. B 54. C 55. D 56. E 57. B 58. C 59. D 60. A
61. D 62. E 63. B 64. A 65. C 66. C 67. D 68. E 69. C 70. E
71. A 72. D 73. B 74. C 75. A 76. D 77. E 78. C 79. D 80. B
19
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8. According to neo-Darwinism, ---- mutation is
recognised as the ultimate source of genetic
11. Any magnet, whether it is in the shape of a bar
variation, natural selection is given the dominant
or a horseshoe, has two ends, called poles, ----
role in shaping the genetic make-up of
the magnetic effect is strongest.
populations.
A) which B) what C) how
A) however B) although C) whether
D) where E) that
D) before E) unless
15. Iodine remains a mysterious substance; and ----, 18. Ideally, the production of any given commodity
the iodine in the sea is in a constant state of will be ---- at the point of minimum costs.
chemical change.
A) found out B) brought up
A) comprehensively B) comparably
C) conditionally D) apparently C) made over D) carried on
E) excessively E) looked for
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19. D) I can see how far we have moved forward, and
the direction we are taking
A) future B) current C) present
E) it is certainly their job to tell others where it is
D) recent E) next leading
20.
A) according to B) along with C) like
25 ---- that the waste problems are much less
D) close by E) up to severe than with conventional nuclear energy.
A) All atoms have a central nucleus
B) Fusion could provide a major contribution to the
energy mix of the future
22.
A) Theirs B) These C) Any of them
D) The latter E) Which 26. Unless we step up our efforts to protect the
environment, ----.
A) there would probably have been no future at all
to look forward to
B) we cannot look forward to a healthy and
23. prosperous future
A) but of B) rather than C) instead of C) which is a vast and unexplored storehouse of
D) though E) except biological treasures
D) man is undoubtedly the planet’s most
successful predator
E) we are under an obligation to do so as soon as
possible
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E) conditions on a submarine even in peace time strategy for foot and mouth disease
are enough to crush most people
E) Unless the projects for genome research are
supported by the government
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E) Whether gravity appears to be so much weaker B) According to some geologists, a rain of nitric
than electromagnetism acid, caused by a massive meteor impact some
65 million years ago, was the major factor in the
extinction of the dinosaurs.
C) The extinction of the dinosaurs was almost
certainly, in the opinion of geologists, caused by
a massive meteor impact some 65 million years
ago and the rain of nitric acid that followed it.
34. Scientists believe that elephants have sensitive D) A rain of nitric acid some 65 million years ago
cells in their feet ----. and the massive meteor impact that preceded
A) while their habitat gives them an even keener it, are generally held by geologists to have
sense of security caused the extinction of the dinosaurs.
B) even though they were to carry such an E) According to certain geologists, the extinction of
enormous weight the dinosaurs occurred about 65 million years
ago when there was a massive meteor impact
C) which enable them to pick up low frequency followed by a rain of nitric acid.
vibrations from the ground
D) as their way of life was naturally a nomadic one
37. Bir fırtına, Kuzel Đtalya üzerinden Adriyatik’e
E) that had helped them to survive in changing but geçerken, bununla gelen alçak atmosfer basıncı,
usually hostile environments yerel deniz seviyesini yarım metre kadar
yükseltir.
A) The sea level is likely to rise by about half a
metre when a storm crosses northern Italy and
comes to the Adriatic, bringing a low
atmospheric pressure.
B) A storm passing over northern Italy and into the
35. ----, there is still a slight chance that a rogue
Adriatic brings with it a low atmospheric
black hole could come out of the depths of
pressure that causes the sea level there to rise
interstellar space and catch us unawares.
by at least half a metre.
A) If only an early warning system could be
C) The sea level in the Adriatic can rise by nearly
devised
half a metre whenever a storm coming via
B) Because black holes would fling light at us in a northern Italy arrives bringing low atmosphere
pattern of concentric rings pressure.
C) Whether a black hole is presently within the D) When a storm passes over northern Italy into
range of our telescopes the Adriatic, the low atmospheric pressure that
comes with it raises the local sea level by up to
D) The scientists working on black holes were half a metre.
concerned
E) The low atmospheric pressure brought to the
E) Although black holes are rare in our Galaxy Adriatic by storms that have come across
northern Italy can cause sea levels there to rise
by up to half a metre.
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and manure, but no chemical fertilisers. fakirleşirken, tür çeşitliliğinin önemli ölçüde
azalmayacağına inanmaktadırlar.
D) Because organic farmers avoid chemical
fertilisers, they use crop residues and manure D) Bazı çevrebilimcilerinin inandığı gibi, tür
to build up high levels of fertility in the soil. çeşitliliği hiçbir zaman eski durumuna
gelemeyecek, çünkü doğal çevre sürekli bir
E) Even though organic farmers don’t use şekilde yıkıma uğramaktadır.
chemical fertilisers, they build up soil fertility by
working crop residues and manure into the soil. E) Doğal çevrenin tamamen fakirleştiğini ileri süren
bazı çevrebilimciler, tür çeşitliliğinin hiçbir
zaman artmayacağına inanmaktadırlar.
A) Biyolojik çeşitliliğin korkunç bir şekilde azalması A) Gelişmiş ülkelerdeki zirai araştırmacılar, çeşitli
sonucu bazı deniz canlılarının yok olacağını ve pirinç türleri geliştirerek, az su ile yüksek verim
hemen harekete geçmemiz gerektiğini biliyoruz. elde etmeye çalışmaktadır.
B) Hemen eyleme geçmediğimiz takdirde, biyolojik B) Zirai araştırmacılar, gelişmiş ülkelerde, az su ile
çeşitliliğin azalması sonucu, bazı deniz yüksek verim elde edebilmek amacıyla, çeşitli
canlılarının yok olmaya başlamasının endişe pirinç türleri üzerinde çalışmaktadır.
verici olduğunu biliyoruz. C) Gelişmiş ülkelerin zirai araştırmacıları, az suya
C) Bildiğimiz kadarıyla, derhal harekete rağmen çok verim sağlayan pirinç türlerini
geçmezsek, bazı deniz canlıları yok olmaya geliştirmeye çalışmaktadır.
başlayacak, çünkü biyolojik çeşitlilik endişe D) Gelişmiş ülkelerdeki zirai araştırmacılar, az su
verici bir hızla azalıyor. kullanarak çok verim elde edebilmek için,
D) Biliyoruz ki hemen eyleme geçmezsek, bazı değişik pirinç türlerine ilişkin çalışmalar
deniz canlıları, biyolojik çeşitliliğin endişe verici yapmaktadır.
azalması nedeniyle yok olmaya başlayacak. E) Gelişmiş ülkelerdeki zirai araştırmacılar, az su
E) Biliyoruz ki hızla eyleme geçmediğimiz takdirde, ile yüksek verim sağlayan pirinç türleri
biyolojik çeşitliliğin azalması sonucu bazı deniz geliştirmek için çalışmaktadır.
canlılarının yok olması endişe vericidir.
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diluted in gasoline. (V) If reasonable precautions
were taken and mixing was performed at distribution
centres instead of at the point of purchase, there
would be no cause for concern.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
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- Volcanoes. Did you know that among other
things, the ash from them contaminates water,
destroys crops and clogs the engines of A) The main problem is keeping the playing
aircraft? surface in perfect condition.
A) I think you’re exaggerating the situation. D) That’s right; they are experimenting with
semitransparent fabric roofs over the side
B) Why do you say that? stands.
C) Today we face all sorts of dangers, don’t we? E) In Sapporo they came up with something quite
D) I suppose the remote one is so easy to exotic, with two arenas.
recognise.
E) What have you been reading about?
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extinction
A) Ask me that when I get back.
B) habitat destruction leads to loss of biodiversity
B) I’d say wait a while. It’s going to get far more
accessible quite soon. C) most of the world’s coral reefs are under threat
from human activities, in particular from
C) Make sure that you really want to! There’s more pollution
hard work involved and less fun than most
people imagine. D) the advantages of an integrated land and sea
conservation strategy are suggested by at least
D) Make sure you are physically very fit indeed! eight of them
E) Well, I wished to; I worked hard at it; and now E) the ten hotspots account for a tiny 0,017 per
I’m going! cent of the oceans, but 34 per cent of restricted
range coral reef species
10
A) Other skills are naturally required if the job is to B) Air pollution was much worse in Western cities
be done properly 30 years ago than it is today
C) The crust is essentially soot, mixed with
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B) No cause is more important than cultivating the
potential of the human mind gypsum - the soft mineral calcium sulphate
which forms when stone reacts with sulphuric
C) Every trade has its own tools and special acid
equipment
D) Another problem that used to be associated
D) Invention and creativity are humanity’s most with acid rain was lead poisoning, but plastic
powerful tools for making the world a better pipe work has more or less eliminated this risk
place
E) Rural sources of acidity from industrial sites
E) This is its long-standing mission and to achieve have similarly been increasing at an alarming
it every available tool is being used rate
11
William Willcocks was born 150 years ago in a tent A) to find out that the ancient irrigation systems of
beside a canal in northern India, where his father Mesopotamia were inadequate
worked for the colonial government. He learnt his B) because the first Aswan dam was needlessly
engineering in India before heading for Egypt in large and costly
1883. There he rose to become director-general of
reservoirs, and a legend on the banks of the Nile. C) when he realised the work of his fellow water
He built the first Aswan dam, then the largest in the engineers in the colonies was utterly ineffective
world, went on to revive the ancient irrigation D) to discover that the water resources of south
systems of Mesopotamia, and watered deserts from
Africa were not sufficient to irrigate the desert
south Africa to India. But he was deeply troubled by
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the discovery that much of what his fellow water E) because the whole responsibility for the
engineers did in their colonial playgrounds was construction of the Aswan dam was on his
worse than useless. shoulders
57. We gather from the passage that William 59. As it is stated in the passage, Willcocks’s work
Willcocks ----. in Egypt ----.
A) travelled all over India in search of fresh water A) brought about a rapid change in the economic
resources life of the country
B) devoted his engineering skills to the B) earned him fame, power and prestige
improvement of agriculture in India alone
C) was of secondary importance compared with
C) was inspired by his father in choosing what he was to do in India
engineering as a profession
D) was confined to the construction of the Aswan
D) came from a wealthy and influential English dam
family in India
E) has always been underestimated
E) was an extremely talented irrigation specialist of
the late 19th century
12
The acronym ‘radar’, for radio detection and A) the use of electromagnetic waves by the US
ranging, has been credited to the US Navy, which Navy
used it officially towards the end of 1940, but the B) the pressing need for the prevention of
concept of radar is somewhat older. Hertz showed collisions on land and sea
that metals would reflect electromagnetic waves and
Tesla is said to have suggested using this C) the interference in radio experiments when
phenomenon in a radar-like manner in 1899. A few ships or aircraft passed by
years later a German, Christian Hulsmeyer,
D) the growing hostilities between East and West
received patents for a ship’s anticollision device.
Also many radio engineers and experimenters E) America’s entry into World War II
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observed that passing aircraft or ships interfered
with their experiments. Although these features are
all suggestive of radar, none was actually radar
unless the term is very loosely defined. In the
1930s, however, several of the major powers
became aware of the military possibilities of radar
and work on it started immediately in the USA,
Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Japan and the
Soviet Union. By the end of World War II, military
radar, and military radio navigation aids too, were
well developed.
60. We understand from the passage that the work 62. It is clear from the passage that many of the
on radar ----. world’s leading countries ----.
A) was begun by Hertz and completed by A) were keen to develop radar because of its
Hulsmeyer military advantages
B) only began upon the outbreak of World War II B) had been involved in the development of radar
from 1899 onwards
C) received almost no scientific attention until the
end of 1940 C) were worried about the sharp increase in
collisions at sea
D) was originally undertaken by the US Navy
D) decided to pool their resources so as to develop
E) developed very fast during World War II
radar at a faster rate
E) were investing large sums of money to improve
the navigational techniques of their military
aircraft
13
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wing” technology, and is investing $41 million in the aircraft’s performance
project in the hope that it will lead to lighter, more
manoeuvrable supersonic planes.
63. We understand from the passage that the reason 65. The phrase “kept Orville Wright aloft” in lines 5-
why the USAF is giving so much importance to 6 means ----.
the “wing warping” technique is ----. A) gave Orville Wright an easy control
A) because they believe it may help them to B) helped Orville Wright to fly faster
produce supersonic planes that are easier to
control and less heavy C) lifted Orville Wright into the air
B) because it will improve the performance of D) enabled Orville Wright to stay in the air
conventional aircraft by increasing their weight E) made Orville Wright fly more safely
C) because it will help them to cut down on
production costs of supersonic aircraft
D) to enable combat aircraft to develop a more
effective defence system
E) to ensure that the wings can withstand
supersonic speeds over long periods of time
14
Like so many American waterways, the Chesapeake A) so the water going into the bay is lacking in
Bay, an enormous, semi-saline body of water that is nutrients
treasured for its aquatic life, became badly polluted B) which means that the water flowing into the
th
during the 20 century. But it has regained much of Chesapeake Bay is almost salt free
its biological vitality since the early 1970s, thanks to
concerted ecological stewardship. In this effort, the C) and has to be constantly cleaned
Conowingo dam has provided valuable assistance.
D) though this was not thought of when the dam
Environmentalists are not often fond of dams, which
was designed
have a habit of trapping migratory fish and
disrupting sensitive water ecosystems - not to
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E) as well as a great many migratory fish
mention looking ugly. But the Conowingo dam on
the Susquehanna river in eastern Maryland is an
exception. Since its construction in 1928, the
Conowingo dam has not only generated electricity
but also trapped vast amounts of sediment behind
its imposing walls. This was not a function the
builders had planned for, but in recent years its
value has become clear. The water flowing past the
Conowingo dam is much cleaner than it would
otherwise be. Even America’s onceendangered
national symbol, the bald eagle, can be seen
perching near the dam, waiting to swoop down and
seize a meal of fish by its talons.
66. As it is pointed out in the passage, dams are not 68. We learn from the passage that one gratifying
usually popular among environmentalists ----. sign that the Chesapeake Bay is no longer
seriously polluted is the fact that ---- .
A) but the Conowingo dam has their approval
A) the bald eagle is now no longer an endangered
B) unless they disrupt sensitive water ecosystems species
C) and especially all those on the Susquehanna B) America has made the bald eagle her natural
river symbol
D) but the Conowingo dam, because of its C) the bald eagle that feeds on fish has returned to
imposing appearance, is generally admired the region
E) although they acknowledge that most are D) its biological variety has remained unchanged
environmentally friendly
E) the water is so clear one can see the aquatic
life there
15
More than half of astronauts suffer from space A) astronauts get used to zero gravity before
sickness, also known as Space Adaptation setting off on a space mission
Syndrome. Symptoms include headaches, nausea, B) the structure of the inner ear is more
vomiting and poor concentration. The main cause of complicated than that of other organs
space sickness is disorientation caused by exposure
to zero gravity conditions. The human body is used C) the earth’s gravitational field has, in the long
to a much stronger gravitational field on Earth and run, an adverse effect upon the human body
organs in the inner ear, along with canals that sense D) astronauts learn to maintain their balance in
motion, tell the brain about the location of the limbs space by ignoring visual signals
relative to the ground. In other words, they’re
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responsible for balance. Unfortunately, the signals E) the human brain can, after a certain length of
from these organs in the inner ear go wrong in zero time, learn to adapt to zero gravity
gravity, leading to space sickness. Over time
though, the brain learns to ignore them and relies
instead on visual clues, such as the position of the
feet, to determine balance. Astronauts quickly re-
adapt to Earth’s gravity within a few days and there
are probably no long-term effects from this strange
affliction.
16
Why do transformers hum? This is one of those A) has never been adequately answered
questions which seems easy but has surprising B) appears straightforward but the answer is
hidden depths. The simple explanation is that extremely complicated
electric currents create magnetic fields, and the
alternating current of mains electricity used by C) has been under discussion from the time
transformers creates a magnetic field that changes transformers were first made
at 50 cycles a second. This in turn triggers a regular
D) has raised doubts concerning the safety of
motion of the metal molecules inside the
mains electricity
transformer, known as magnetostriction. It’s this
motion that makes the surrounding air vibrate,
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E) has opened the way to the manufacture of
creating the hum. But why does the metal respond quieter transformers
in this way? The answer lies in a property of the
electrons in the metal known as ‘spin’ - a property
which can only be explained by reference to
Einstein’s theory of relativity, which is beyond the
understanding of most of us.
72. It is pointed out in the passage that the sound 74. In the passage, the question “Why does the
produced by a transformer ----. metal respond in this way?” ----.
A) is actually the vibration of the air caused by the A) bears no relationship with the phenomenon
movement of the metal molecules within the known as “magnetostriction”
transformer B) refers to the creation of magnetic fields by
B) is only noticeable when it occurs in an enclosed mains electricity
space C) can be fully answered without reference to the
C) varies according to the type of magnetic field theory of relativity
created D) can be answered far more easily than can the
D) can easily be eliminated opening question
E) varies according to the size of the magnetic E) is not answered in a clear and detailed manner
field in which it occurs
17
Time travel has been a favourite science fiction A) was to a large extent inspired by Einstein’s
theme ever since it was first used in H.G. Wells’s theory of relativity
trailblazing novel “The Time Machine”. But not B) was the first novel to deal with the idea of time
everything it describes is science fiction: travelling travel
forward in time, for example, is a proven fact.
Einstein’s theory of relativity predicts that an C) is the only early work of science fiction that still
observer moving relative to Earth can leap into remains popular
Earth’s future, and the effect has been confirmed
D) is still regarded as a standard reference for time
using atomic clocks. Dramatic time warps require
travel studies
speeds close to that of light, which is possible in
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principle but would take a major feat of engineering, E) focuses on travel into the past rather than into
not to mention a lot of money. Going back in time is the future
far more problematic. Relativity does not rule out an
observer being able to make a journey through
space-time and return to the past. But all scenarios
so far discussed require exotic circumstances.
D) requires speeds that are greater than the speed E) but technically and financially it is still not
of light possible
18
In a biography of Bardeen, recently published, he A) showed very little interest in his students and
does not fit the popular stereotype of scientific their work
genius, for he is surprisingly sane and ordinary. As B) was generally regarded as having several
far as character goes, he had several assets. To shortcomings
start with he was a notable team builder. Tenacious
when it came to attacking problems, he had the gift of C) really disliked attending scientific conferences
breaking a large problem down into smaller, more and giving papers
soluble parts and then reassembling the whole. As a
D) was by nature a modest person who preferred
teacher, his habit of stopping to think allowed his to keep a low profile
students to do so too. Government and industry
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valued his advice - according to one commentator, E) achieved nothing of any scientific importance
he helped Xerox to build one of the finest industrial prior to the 1970s
laboratories in the world in the fields of organic and
disordered solids during the late 1970s. But,
perhaps, the most telling aspect of Bardeen’s
character was his willingness to share the credit with
others. For example, he deliberately stayed away
from the meeting of the American Physical Society
in March 1957, at which his theory of
superconductivity was first presented, so that the
contribution of his young co-researchers would be
recognised.
TEST BĐTTĐ !
CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL
EDĐNĐZ.
19
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. E 8. B 9. A 10. E
11. D 12. B 13. B 14. E 15. D 16. A 17. C 18. D 19. A 20. C
21. C 22. B 23. A 24. E 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. E 29. D 30. A
31. D 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. E 36. A 37. D 38. B 39. D 40. C
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41. E 42. C 43. D 44. D 45. B 46. C 47. E 48. A 49. D 50. C
51. B 52. A 53. A 54. E 55. B 56. C 57. E 58. C 59. B 60. E
61. C 62. A 63. A 64. B 65. C 66. A 67. D 68. C 69. C 70. E
71. B 72. A 73. B 74. E 75. B 76. B 77. A 78. B 79. D 80. E
20
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A) through / in B) of / with
2. In the first half of the 20th century many
C) in / of D) from / to
scientists ---- liquid crystals as chemical
impurities with no scientific or practical merit. E) over / for
A) put down B) wrote off
C) let go of D) took care of
E) left out
8. ---- industry is concerned, money spent on
research is money well spent.
A) According to B) As much as
C) As far as D) Even so
3. I hope predictions that we'll begin to ---- oil E) With regard to
around the year 2015 will convince people to use
this precious resource more sparingly.
A) run out of B) bring about
C) slow down D) make do with
9. Laser beams, ---- are useful in both medicine and
E) send out for industry, were first predicted in science fiction
some fifty years ago.
A) which B) what C)
whatever D) where
E) whose
4. It is now realized that forest sizes have a ----
influence on the climate.
A) reliable B) compulsive
10. Traffic congestion is frequently not caused by
C) significant D) controversial
overloading ---- by small disturbances in the
E) sensitive flow.
A) as B) but
C) as well as D) more
E) than
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16. He assures me that the Department of Marine
A) uses / measured Biogeochemistry, which ---- up in the 1970s, ----
B) will use / has measured ever since.
C) has used / will measure A) was set/ has been expanding
D) had used / would measure B) had been set / was expanding
E) used / measures C) would be set / will expand
D) has been set / is expanding
E) would have been set / will be expanding
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more discoveries have been made about
19. asteroids, comets, novae and supernovae
A) exceed B) distinguish
E) Through the use of computers and electronic
C) distract D) diverge imaging devices, our knowledge of the celestial
constellations has grown rapidly
E) proceed
20.
A) even B) but 25. ---- how acid rain would affect trees.
C) still D)just A) The decrease in sulphur deposition has been so
E) enough marked
B) The death of forests became a major concern in
the 1980s and led to dire predictions
22.
A) Similarly B) Whatever 26. Just as railway bridges were the great structural
C) Accordingly D) Therefore symbols of the 19th century, ----.
E) Otherwise A) highway bridges became the engineering
emblems of the 20th century
B) the invention of the automobile created an
irresistible demand for better roads
23.
C) most highway bridges carry lighter loads than
A) would find B) have found railway bridges do
C) are going to find D) were finding
D) the type of bridge needed for cars and trucks is
E) had to find fundamentally different from that needed for
trains
E) an arch bridge curves upwards to support the
roadway
D) Another aspect of the new philosophy of biology E) once it goes into production in the autumn
concerns
E) The scientific foundation created by Darwin has
been
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31. Even today, few people outside the scientific
world know the name of the Scottish physicist
28. ---- because each type behaves differently and ----.
has a different effect on human health.
A) who discovered the physics of radio, TV and
A) On a global scale, most particulates come from light itself
natural sources
B) whose research into the nature of light had still
B) Solid particulates include grit from building sites to be confirmed
and soot from industrial chimneys
C) since he never lived to see the triumphant
C) Fortunately larger particles do not pose a health vindication of his work
risk
D) though a law governing the behavior of atoms
D) Field experiments on wind-borne sand and dust would be called Maxwellian Distribution
had already been carried out
E) if he were one of the greatest scientists of the
E) The study of particulates is an arduous one 19th century
29. As space shuttles are designed to work in a 32. The Earth is thought to be 4.6 billion years old
vacuum, ----. ----.
A) NASA engineers are hoping to cut take off A) because rocks dating back to the early
weights by half geological ages have been discovered in some
B) about 85 per cent of its weight is fuel parts of California
C) the method is obviously inefficient but better B) even though almost half the Earth is still
ones have yet to be found wilderness
D) they have to carry not only fuel but the oxygen C) so that astronomical observations and
to burn it measurements could be made far more
accurately
E) such craft could accelerate to about ten times
the speed of sound D) though until recently few geological traces have
been found that date back further than 3.6
billion years
E) since at the beginning it was a lifeless planet
still being bombarded by asteroids and comets
D) before they can replace the clocks which are A) Birtakım Amerikan kuruluşları, yavaş ve eziyetli
currently in use bir yöntem olsa da, Rus araştırma çabalarını
destekleyerek ülkenin teknolojisini ilerletiyor.
E) while researchers have been working on an
alternative B) Bazı Amerikan kuruluşları, Rus araştırma
çabalarını ülkenin teknolojisini ilerletmek için
destekliyor, ancak bu, yavaş ve eziyetli bir
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süreç.
C) Rus araştırma çabalarını ülkenin teknolojisini
ilerletmek işin destekleyen bazı Amerikan
Örgütleri yavaş ve zor bir süreç geçiriyor.
D) Amerikan kuruluşları, ülkenin teknolojisini
34. ----, it might be able to perform far more complex ilerletmek Đçin Rus araştırma çabalarının bir
tasks than today's machines. kısmına destek veriyor, ama bu yavaş olduğu
kadar zor bir süreç.
A) As the device is still in the early stages of
development E) Bazı Amerikan kuruluşları, hem yavaş hem de
eziyetli bir süreçte, Rus araştırma çabalarını
B) Even though no such computer as yet exists ülkenin teknolojisini ilerletmek için destekliyor.
C) Once the theory has been adequately tested
D) Unless there is fresh evidence to the contrary
E) If such a computer could be made
A) according to which theory the continents of the B) Dünya nüfusunun 2050'de 10 milyar olacağını
Earth had once all been joined together düşünen bazı uzmanlar, bugün üretilenden beş
kat fazla elektriğe gereksinim duyulacağını
B) since continental drift actually meant the tahmin etmektedir.
continents were moving further away from each
other C) Bazı uzmanlara göre, 2050'de dünya nüfusu 10
milyar olacak, fakat elektrik gereksinimi artarak
C) that hot molten rock was seeping up from inside bugün ürettiğimizin beş katına çıkacaktır.
the Earth in giant cracks under the oceans
D) Bazı uzmanların öngördüğü gibi, 2050'de dünya
D) so that continental drift is now regarded as nüfusu 10 milyara çıkmakla kalmayacak,
absolute fact elektrik gereksinimi de bugünkünün beş katına
çıkacaktır.
E) if the shapes of South America and Africa do
indeed fit like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle E) Bazı uzmanlar, 2050'de yaklaşık 10 milyar
nüfusu ile dünyanın, bugün ürettiğimizden beş
kat daha fazla elektriğe gereksinimi olacağını
tahmin etmektedir.
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E) Atomları kullanarak bilgi depolayan bilim
adamları, bunu bilgisayar belleği geliştirmede C) Efforts to produce hydrocarbons by combining
kullandılar. carbon with hydrogen gas at high temperatures
in reaction chambers have never been
successful.
D) Many people have tried to produce
hydrocarbons by combining carbon with
hydrogen gas in a reaction chamber at very
high temperatures, but they have never been
successful.
E) Scientists have never managed to produce
hydrocarbons in spite of their efforts to combine
carbon and hydrogen gas at extremely high
temperatures in reaction chambers.
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the moon's dusty surface
B) But if the water escapes through layers of
B) As the population of Earth increases, more and
permeable rock called stringers, this strategy
more power is required
will fail
C) The moon has no weather, so a lunar power
C) When an oil well shows signs of running dry, it
station there would not be affected by clouds or
is time to call in experts to stop it leaking away
rain
D) Biofilms grow on every surface where there are
D) To achieve this, large banks of solar panels
bacteria
would be built on the moon to collect sunlight
and turn it into electricity E) Biofilms can make oil wells up to 20 per cent
more productive
E) In fact, just one per cent of the solar power
received by the moon would meet man's needs
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hot gases that are normally warmer than the Jude:
surrounding air That would be a different story. Dangerous
emissions would soar.
D) The vertical and straight nature of the smoke
plume depends very much on the wind A) Are all rockets launched by means of the same
conditions solid fuels?
E) Wood smoke is often seen in a layer above B) And also, of course, there aren't many space
houses where it is burnt and sometimes it launches happening.
subsequently descends to street level
C) But what if they start to launch rockets with
hydrazine?
D) I thought hydrazine was a nitrogen-based fuel.
E) But can we be sure of that? New studies keep
revealing new facts!
48. David :
Have you had a good look at the new seismic
hazard map yet?
Adam :
----
David :
But it makes one very important point: the
greatest hazard areas contain half the world's
largest cities.
Adam :
Is that so? That's pretty scary, isn't it?
Merve : Roger :
---- ----
Louis : Gerald :
That's not true at all. The handheld is a Oh yes. Academically he's fully up to the job. But
miracle of miniaturization. And they can the strain must be terrible! Think of the
exchange information with desktop PCs. responsibility!
Merve : Roger :
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I didn't realize that. I must look into the Some people like it!
matter further.
A) All I know is that current networks won't be able
to cope with the increasing amount of aircraft in
A) No, I haven't. They do little more than store your Europe.
diary and address book.
B) I tried it once; but, it wasn't the right sort of job
B) No. I couldn't possibly afford one of them! for me!
C) Well, what do you think? I really don't know C) It's a job that attracts a lot of young people. Let
anything about them. him try it.
D) Except for size, I suppose they are not very D) Don't you agree that the monitoring of traffic
different from desktop PCs. Are there any other through our airports mustn't be taken lightly?
big differences?
E) And presumably you're not too keen on the
E) I always assumed that recharging them would idea? Has he got the right qualifications?
be a problem. Is it?
50. Harry :
Have you read that article on global warming
that I put on your desk?
Clive :
Yes I have. I was rather impressed by the
assertion that changes in land use aren't
being sufficiently taken into consideration.
Harry :
----
Clive:
It does indeed.
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A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
10
It seems that a programme designed to destroy A) how genuine the complaints being made by
Columbia's huge illegal drugs business could be farmers actually arc
poisoning farmers and damaging the environment. B) the methodology to be used in the effective
Backed by 1.3 billion of US government funds, drug spraying of glyphosphate
enforcers routinely identify fields of coca plants and
opium poppies, and spray them from the air with C) whether glyphosphate actually can cause
herbicide. Around 120,000 hectares have been stomach upsets
sprayed with the herbicide "glyphosphate". But
although glyphosphate is considered to be relatively D) whether it is the glyphosphate itself, or the
safe for humans and the environment, the additives used with it, that have been causing
Colombian government has received over a health problems
thousand complaints from people who claim to have E) the extent to which eye and skin irritations
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suffered ill effects after coming into contact with the maybe due to glyphosphate
chemical. Reported symptoms range from skin and
eye irritations to coughing and vomiting. Some critics
suspect additives to the spray are responsible.
Others on the ground complained that the spray had
killed food crops when it drifted onto them from
nearby fields.
11
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E) there is a lot we don't know about the way the
and conceptual obstacles that have challenged universe works
some of the finest theoretical physicists for decades.
61. According to the passage, the quantum theory of 64. According to the passage, there is little chance
matter and Einstein's theory of relativity —. of getting to understand various subjects such
as how the universe came into being —.
A) present two separate views of reality
A) unless the theory of quantum mechanics and
B) together present a coherent description of the theory of relativity can be reconciled
reality
B) until we have a surer knowledge of the way the
C) enable us to have a comprehensive perception universe works
of reality
C) until time travel has been realized
D) made physics a popular subject in the 20
century D) unless there are further great technological
advances
E) have contributed equally to the possibility of
time travel E) as there are so many conceptual obstacles in
the way of such knowledge
12
In terms of pure science, the discovery that the A) were eager to establish the existence of an anti-
universe is in the grip of a strange "anti-gravity" force gravity force
that is making it expand ever faster, is the most
B) have, for many decades, focused on the effects
significant of the last decade. The possibility that
of the anti-gravity force
such a force might exist has been known for years,
with theorists finding that it kept reappearing out of C) are the only ones to be interested in an anti-
Einstein's theory of gravity. For years they tried to gravity force
avoid it coming up with all sorts of arguments for
why the force couldn't really exist. Now they're being D) have now come to question the validity of
forced to face it, and to face the embarrassing fact Einstein's theory of gravity
that they can't explain the single most important E) attempted, for a considerable time, to
force in the universe. demonstrate that there was no anti-gravity force
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65. According to the passage, the expansion of the
universe —.
A) is now slowly losing speed
B) has been explained with reference to the anti-
gravity force
C) seems to contradict the existence of an anti-
gravity force
D) cannot continue indefinitely
E) will result, in the end, in the elimination of the
anti-gravity force
66. As it is pointed out in the passage, the idea that 68. As we learn from this passage, it is scientifically
there might be an anti- gravity force in the discomforting that the anti-gravity force —.
universe —.
A) seems to be gaining in strength
A) is by no means a recent one
B) seems to refute Einstein's theory of gravity
B) was pioneered by Einstein
C) threatens the very existence of the universe
C) has hardly ever received any serious scientific
D) has as yet not been explained convincingly
interest
E) is only recognized by a small number of
D) has little connection with any serious scientific
theorists
theory
E) is now completely outdated
13
Can coal ever become a friend of the environment? A) provide over three-quarters of the electricity
Coal-fired power stations supply half the electricity needed in America
used in America, and a similar amount in many other B) have been shut down due to the Clean Air Act
industrial countries, but are responsible for 80% of
the power industry's emissions of carbon dioxide the C) account for an extremely high percentage of
most worrisome of the so-called "greenhouse carbon dioxide emissions
gases". Because of special exemptions, much of the
country's coal-derived electricity comes from plants D) have a commercial life-span of under 30 years
that are more than 30 years old. Many of these E) are rapidly being replaced by other systems of
plants are approaching the end of their commercial energy production
lives, and the thought of having to replace a lot of
dirty old power stations, with new ones that will have
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to comply with the Clean Air Act, is causing a
nightmare in the power industry. Suddenly, energy
engineers are talking about "clean coal" technology.
That message has been heard before. There was
similar excitement over clean coal in the mid-1980s
and early 1990s. Large sums of taxpayers' money
were handed out to firms developing clean coal. The
difference this time, say energy engineers, is that a
number of electricity suppliers have actually started
building facilities that use clean coal.
C) can no longer produce as much electricity as B) was developed well before the Clean Air Act
formerly went into effect
D) have now become an economic nightmare for C) has been widely practiced throughout the world
the government for over three decades
E) need to be pulled down and new ones built in D) was first introduced in America some thirty
their place years ago
E) has only recently been recognized as feasible
14
When it is completed late next year, a 39-storey A) is specially designed to withstand seismic
apartment building under construction in San activity
Francisco will be the tallest precast concrete B) can disperse seismic energy through its parts
structure ever built in an area of high seismic but is itself damaged as it does so
activity. Its builders are using an innovative new
structural connection that could revolutionize the C) has now given way to a new type using "mild"
way buildings are built in seismic zones. steel bars
Conventional cast-in-place and precast systems
survive earthquakes by dissipating the energy D) can be reinforced through the addition of high-
through the structure, often doing irreparable strength steel cables
damage to themselves in the process. The new E) is capable of stretching somewhat in the event
connection, developed with help from the University of an earthquake
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of Washington, consists of high-strength steel
reinforcing cables and "mild" steel bars that stretch
slightly during an earthquake, then pull the building
back into place. The steel components also
considerably reduce seismic energy before it can
attack the structure. This means less damage to
beams, walls and ceilings.
15
Air-starved soil could have been a key player in the A) always contains high levels of oxygen
largest extinction ever to strike Earth. The claim B) has for many centuries intrigued scientists and
follows the discovery of a rare mineral in ancient soil been thoroughly researched
collected from Antarctica. The extinction, at the end
of the Permian period 250 million years ago, wiped C) cannot possibly provide the conditions essential
out virtually all marine life and some 70 per cent of for plant and animal life
land animals. But the reason for the extinction,
which preceded the rise of the dinosaurs, has been D) characterizes many hostile environments in
a longstanding puzzle. Now a team of geologists various parts of the world
think they have found what could be a major factor E) can only be found in Antarctica
in the extinction. They collected fossilized soil
samples that formed in Antarctica just after the
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Permian period ended. The soil contained nodule-
shaped minerals that have been identified as
berthierine. This iron-rich mineral forms only in
environments where oxygen is scarce. So, if the
oxygen levels in the soil were low enough to allow
berthierine to form, then it follows that the soil would
not have been able to support plant life. Such
intolerably low levels of oxygen would be enough to
kill the plants off completely.
16
1. C 2. E 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. B
11. C 12. B 13. D 14. D 15. C 16. A 17. B 18. E 19. B 20. A
21. B 22. E 23. C 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. E 29. D 30. D
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31. A 32. A 33. A 34. E 35. C 36. B 37. E 38. A 39. C 40. D
41. B 42. D 43. E 44. B 45. B 46. A 47. C 48. D 49. D 50. D
51. E 52. B 53. C 54. E 55. B 56. D 57. A 58. C 59. D 60. B
61. A 62. D 63. A 64. B 65. B 66. A 67. D 68. D 69. E 70. D
71. C 72. E 73. C 74. E 75. B 76. A 77. B 78. A 79. C 80. D
17
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2. Reef scientists have compiled, what could be the
most compelling ---- yet, that farming is harming C) would have been contradicted / is continuing
the Great Barrier Reef.
D) will be contradicted / will be continuing
A) circumstance B) proposal C) evidence
E) are being contradicted / has continued
D) discussion E) controversy
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usually expensive to work.
14. Physicists certainly know ---- about the universe
now ---- ever before. 19.
21.
A) can support
16. Coral reefs are home to ---- of the most beautiful
and unusual forms of marine life, ---- of which are B) have supported
found in only 18 places in the world.
C) would support
A) few / much B) many / none D) supported
C) much / few D) a lot / any E) could support
E) some / many
22.
17. ---- the span of a suspension bridge increases,
A) on the other hand B) moreover
the structure develops a "gravity" stiffness due
to its own weight. C) in contrast D) occasionally
A) As B) However C) Whereas E) regrettably
D) While E) In case
23.
18. Dinosaurs may have terrorized other creatures A) incapable B) comparable C) suitable
during their time on Earth, ---- now it has
D) disruptive E) conditional
emerged that some species had a taste for the
flesh of their own kind.
A) unless B) whether C) because
D) even if E) so that
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DNA E) as the prehistoric inhabitants of Ireland had a
more advanced knowledge of the Sun's move-
D) while scientists are doubtful whether intense
ultraviolet light from the sun may have spurred ments than previously believed
on the evolution of life
E) just as RNA was actually much more likely than
other molecules to form long chains in intense
ultraviolet radiation 28. ----, nuclear fusion can be created by passing
pulses of electricity through a high-density
plasma of hot gas.
A) Even though the dream of an unlimited supply of
energy from nuclear fusion is one step closer
B) As a team of researchers at a California labora-
25. The north of China, ----, needs 28 cubic kilome- tory has shown
ters more water each year.
C) Although electrical systems could deliver a lot of
A) so long as the Three Gorges dam project is energy
feasible
D) Since scientists are trying hard to get over the
B) however the water table beneath Beijing has increasing energy shortage
fallen 59 meters in the past 40 years
E) While we need efficient energy sources that
C) as the country is suffering a hydrological crisis could power cities
that leaves it no choice but to embark on
superdam projects
D) in case the shortfall would be made up with
more efficient irrigation 29. The principles of gunnery at sea are the same as
on land, ----.
E) which has two-thirds of the crop land but only
one-fifth of the nation's water A) since the influence of radar on naval gunnery
has been very great
B) so naval gunnery had its own special problems
C) although to produce accurate, flexible and
steady fire, in all circumstances of terrain and
26. Within the next decade, the European Union will weather, is the aim of gunnery
decide ----. D) but they are modified by the fact that both the
A) whether to allocate as much as 8 billion US gun-platform and the target are in rapid motion
dollars to help fulfill Spain's 24 billion National E) because all naval guns have become fully auto-
Hydro-logical Plan matic and produce a very high rate of fire
B) so that a common consensus will be reached on
farming subsidies
C) as far as governments are willing to cooperate
30. ---- that much of the coal that is mined today is of
on mega projects for irrigation
biological origin.
D) if the investment for the irrigation of southern
A) In just a few paragraphs the author manages to
Spain had been supported by other international
direct readers
agencies
B) The purpose of the article is unclear
E) because the Spanish government had promised
its support for more institutional efficiency C) Fossil fuels overwhelmingly occur in relatively
young rocks
D) Everything points to the fact
E) His insight into the problem is unbelievable
A) At present the number of known exoplanets A) As a new field of study, biotechnology has
exceeds 100 contributed a great deal
B) One of the newly-discovered exoplanets is B) Genetic studies arouse the public interest
similar to Jupiter in mass and orbit
C) As the book makes it clear, genetics is
C) The recent discovery of two new exoplanets has concerned
attracted a great deal of attention from
D) Geneticists also focus on conservation
astronomers
E) A recently-published book, entitled "Introduction
D) One of these exoplanets has a mass of about 40
to Conservation Genetics", shows
times that of Earth
E) The two exoplanets recently discovered are the
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lightest yet found orbiting a solar-type star
36.-38. sorularda, verilen Đngilizce cümleye
anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.
32. If roof insulation is to be truly effective ----. 36. If Earth's temperature were to increase or
decrease by just a few degrees, many marine
A) this would not make cavity-wall insulation species would probably perish.
unnecessary
A) Yeryüzünün sıcaklığı birkaç derece artmış veya
B) heating bills are being reduced dramatically azalmış olsaydı, birçok deniz canlısının soyunun
tükenmesi kaçınılmaz olacaktı.
C) insulation materials and levels are constantly im-
proving B) Yeryüzünün sıcaklığı sadece birkaç derece
artsa veya azalsa, pek çok deniz canlısı
D) it needs to be at least 200 mm-thick
muhtemelen yok olur.
E) the reduction in energy consumption has been
C) Yeryüzünün sıcaklığının sadece birkaç derece
remarkable
artması değil azalması da denizdeki canlı
türlerinin birçoğunun yok olmasına yol açabilir.
D) Yeryüzünün sıcaklığının sadece birkaç derece
33. Though humanoids are the most appealing artması bile, tıpkı azalması gibi, deniz
robots under development, ----. canlılarının birçoğunun yok olması olasılığım
doğurabilir.
A) the term "robot" first entered the English
language from the Czech word for "slave" or E) Yeryüzünün sıcaklığı birkaç derece artsa da
"forced laborer" artmasa da, birçok deniz canlısı zaten yok olup
gidecek.
B) the majority of existing robots do not look even
remotely human
C) in the early 1980s dozens of robotics firms were
founded and quickly went bust 37. Australia is an ancient continent that has been
unchanged by seismic activity for thousands of
D) robots need to have a human form and interact years.
benignly with humans
A) Binlerce yıl devam eden sismik faaliyetlerden hiç
E) fire fighting is an exciting new area for robotics etkilenmemiş olan Avustralya, en eski kıtalardan
biridir.
B) Avustralya, hiçbir sismik faaliyetin
değiştiremediği, binlerce yıllık eski bir kıtadır.
34. When it comes to pulling in Nobel prizes in
physics or chemistry, ----. C) Eski bir kıta olan Avustralya, binlerce yıldır
devam eden sismik faaliyetlere rağmen hiç
A) most of Europe has been losing out in recent
değişmemiştir.
years
D) Avustralya, binlerce yıldır sismik faaliyetle
B) Cambridge University has a long tradition of
değişmemiş olan eski bir kıtadır.
interdisciplinary research
E) Eski kıtalardan biri olan Avustralya'yı, binlerce
C) the National Science Centre has an extremely
yıldır hiçbir sismik faaliyet değiştirememiştir.
flexible approach to research
D) the scientists at this institute are given total
freedom to explore
E) universities and research institutes must have
freedom to choose what they work on
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C) Đtalya’da bir yeraltı fizik laboratuarı, yerel su kay- C) In the "Death Valley" region of California and
nağını kirlettiği yolundaki kaygılar üzerine, Nevada, large interconnected lakes formed, as
deneylerinin biri dışında tümünü durdurmuştur. glaciers melted at the end of the last ice age.
D) Đtalya'da yerel su kaynağını kirlettiği için D) The great interconnected lakes, situated in the
kaygılara yol açan bir yeraltı fizik laboratuarı, "Death Valley" area of California and Nevada
sürdürmekte olduğu deneyleri birer birer were formed at the end of the last ice age when
durduruyor. the glaciers melted.
E) Đtalya'da yerel su kaynaklarını kirleten yeraltı E) The interconnected lakes in the "Death Valley"
fizik laboratuarından biri, oluşan kaygılar section of California and Nevada came into
yüzünden, tüm deneylerini durdurmuştur. being towards the end of the last ice age when
the great glaciers started to melt.
39. Son yıllarda biyoloji alanında yapılan 41. Bir bileşiğin atomları, "kimyasal bağlar" adı veri-
araştırmalar, insan türüne ve diğer binlerce farklı len çekim güçlerince bir arada tutulur.
yaşam biçimine ilişkin şaşırtıcı bilgiler ortaya A) The atoms of a compound are held together by
koymuştur. forces of attraction called "chemical bonds"
A) The knowledge arising out of biological research B) It is the "chemical bonds" that provide the forces
during recent years, which concerns mankind of attraction that hold the atoms of a compound
and thousands of other various forms of life, is together.
absolutely astounding.
C) The atoms of a compound can only be held in
B) In recent years, research in the field of biology place by a force of attraction like "chemical
has produced a startling amount of knowledge bonds".
concerning not only the human species but also
countless other forms of life. D) "Chemical bonds" have the ability to keep the at-
oms of a compound unified.
C) In recent times an amazing amount of facts
about the natural world have come to light E) Forces of attraction, otherwise known as
through research and relate to mankind and "chemical bonds", are what hold the atoms of a
countless other varied forms of life. compound together.
D) Biological research has, in recent times, brought
to light a vast amount of knowledge concerning
thousands of different forms of life including the
human species.
E) Research carried out in the field of biology in re-
cent years has yielded amazing knowledge
about the human species and about thousands
of other diverse life forms.
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A) Moreover, computers can provide reasonable
imitations of randomness, which is more than separate detonator
humans can do D) Usually some form of safety device, actuated on
B) Consequently, the creation of randomness is the release of the bomb, is felt to be necessary
extremely difficult in an age of very advanced E) A bomb weighing 3,000 pounds was developed
computers during World War I, but it was never used
C) As its name suggests, however, the "One Time
System" demands that the random number
sequence is used only once for each message
45. In the modern mass-production furniture factory,
D) The ability of randomness thus to produce
machines and processes reproduce the parts
meaningless clusters is all too familiar to
once laboriously turned out by hand. ---- .
scientists
Endless conveyors maintain a constant feed of
E) Many calculators and computers have so-called parts along the production lines.
random number generators, but all of them use
A) Well-organized factories operate "flow-line" pro-
fixed mathematical formulas
duction
B) This particular factory is designed to meet the
demands of high-speed production
43. Oxygen gas has a very interesting property: it A) All waste is continuously sucked away from each
absorbs ultraviolet light. On absorbing ultraviolet machine and conveyed through pipes to storage
light, an oxygen molecule breaks down into two bins for disposal
oxygen atoms. ----. Oxygen in this form is called
ozone, which is a blue gas with a sharp odour. C) It is particularly significant that solid wood is
rarely used except for legs and frames
A) The ozone layer rests about 48 kilometers
above the surface of the Earth D) With mass-production better quality goods are
produced at lower costs
B) The ozone layer in the atmosphere absorbs al-
most all the ultraviolet radiation that could
destroy life on Earth
C) The formation of the ozone layer had a tremen- 46. "Liquid metal" is an alloy developed by the
dous effect on the spread of living organisms on researchers at the California Institute of
Earth Technology. ---- . Its properties allow for more
sophisticated designs, while helping to keep
D) Oxygen atoms produced in this way combine to
manufacturing costs down. Once cast, the alloy
give a new kind of gas that has molecules made
is non-corrosive, more than twice as strong as
of three atoms of oxygen
titanium and four times as elastic.
E) The presence of oxygen in the atmosphere has
A) However, some firms have already blended tita-
also made possible the development of respira-
nium and carbon fiber to produce stronger and
tion
lighter alloys
B) Its elasticity is one of the qualities that makes it
ideal for sports equipment
C) The US army is already developing liquid metal
weapons that are far more effective than
conventional ones
D) It is also likely to prove useful in the
manufacture of sporting products
E) It has a different atomic structure from other
metals and is pourable, like plastic, during the
production process
Larry : Andy :
- ---- - ----
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Patrick : Roger :
- I don't. They are much better grounded in - Thanks. I do so want to get back into a
mathematics. laboratory again.
48. Mary :
- Did you know that octopuses are good at 50. James :
camouflage? - You'd never go to see a film like "Spider Man",
so why are you reading about it?
Emma :
- ---- Ann :
- I'm fascinated by all the special effects and
Mary : how they were achieved.
- Not in the first year or two of life. Then they
need it for protection. The big ones use it James :
more for catching unwary prey. - ----
Emma : Ann :
- That's very clever of them. - Yes, to some extent; but not entirely. The
A) No, I didn't. But what do they need camouflage webs, for instance, are real materials like
for? They're so big and strong! fishing line and computer generated
animation.
B) Do you mean they change color or something
like that? A) I understand New York plays quite an important
role in the film.
C) What color are they? The color of rock, I
suppose, so they can look like a rock. B) Certain techniques were in an effort to
overcome these problems.
D) No, that's news to me. Why do they need to use
camouflage? C) I suppose it's all done by high technology, isn't
it?
E) No, I didn't. What else have you learned about
them? D) I thought their main aim was to tell a great story.
E) No. The effects team did most of the hard work.
Reg : A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
Neil :
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- Good. Then let's go. It sounds interesting.
A) I'd love to. Some Saturday, perhaps?
B) I'm not going if all we're going to see is rocks
and fossils!
C) Yes, I've heard of it. They've got a remarkable 55. (I) The aberration of starlight is an optical illusion
collection of rocks and fossils there. caused by the motion of the Earth. (II) Rain falling
appears vertical when seen from the window of a
D) I was there last year but it's worth a second visit. stationary train; when seen from the window of a
E) Well, what will we be able to see if we go there? moving train, the rain appears to follow a sloping
path. (Ill) In the same way light from a star
"falling" down a telescope seems to follow a sloping
path because the Earth is moving. (IV) Optical
52.-56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla aberration is one of a number of defects that impair
okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü the image in an optical instrument. (V) Thus, an
bozan cümleyi bulunuz. apparent displacement or aberration in the position of
the star takes place.
52. (I) Apart from hydroelectricity, there are several other
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
non-depletable energy sources in use such as wind
turbines and solar heating. (II) However,
it is only in relatively few circumstances that any of
them prove to be economic. (Ill) In fact, the
developing countries account for one-fourth of the
world's production and one-fifth of the
world's consumption of commercial energy. (IV) Even
where they appear to be operating as ordinary
commercial ventures, they are usually heavily
subsidized. (V) So, at present, oil, natural gas and
coal are still the major suppliers of energy in the world
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
The Michigan factory of a leading car manufacturing A) stay in the limelight whatever the cost may be
company already has its place in industrial history. It B) increase its car sales which, over recent years,
is famous primarily on account of record-breaking have been rapidly declining, by attracting notice
models produced there between 1927 and 1931. through its "living roof"
Now the refitted factory is back in the limelight as one
of the world's most architecturally advanced C) branch out into architectural activities and
buildings. The height of new technology will be its reduce its car production
42,000 square meter roof. Dubbed a "living roof by
D) get rid of the chemical by-products that have ac-
the company, it consists of a ground-hugging plant
cumulated around the factory, and make a
called sedum which is growing in a 7.6 cm-thick mat-
garden there
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like material. The sedum insulates the roof, reducing
heating bills by as much as five per cent and saving E) go on producing record-breaking cars
on replacement costs. It lasts twice as long as a
standard roof because it doesn't shrink or expand
when the temperature varies. It is also expected to
become a habitat for butterflies and birds. Embedded
in the roof are 36 skylights that let in natural light. On
sunny days the factory will operate with up to half of
its lights switched off. The company also intends to
clear the soil around the factory to remove the
chemical by-products of years of steel
manufacturing. The car company will plant native
bushes, flowers and trees that will break down 60. The factory which is the subject of the passage
polyaromatic hydrocarbons. ----.
A) is in the news now on account of its ultra-
modern architectural features
57. The root of the factory which is described in the
passage is labeled "living" ---- . B) has been constantly in the limelight ever since
1927
A) because it provides no insulation from the
weather C) is far more cost-conscious than environmentally
conscious
B) since the mat-like material from which it is made
is actually comprised of living plants D) has a remarkable roof that will never need
replacing
C) because it is partly composed of growing plants
E) produces high-quality cars that have repeatedly
D) since it attracts large numbers of butterflies and broken automobile speed records
birds
E) as it lets in the sunlight
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as potentially valuable evidence for events that have
played a key role in the history of our planet, from its
very formation 4.5 million years ago. These events
are every bit as catastrophic as the legends claimed:
cosmic impacts that have dealt severe blows to life
many times in the past - and will do so again. The 64. According to the passage, accounts of fires
dramatic view of Earth history now emerging could raining down from the skies have only recently
hardly be more different from that held by many ----.
scientists even as recently as the 1980s. A) been found in ancient Babylonian manuscripts
B) attracted any serious scientific attention
61. The main point made in the passage is that ----. C) been regarded as the imaginings of
superstitious people
A) the ancients misunderstood why there was
flooding and great fires D) come to the attention of the general public
B) the great catastrophic events of the past are E) been compared to the stories of the great floods
unlikely to be repeated in the future
C) flooding and fire have always been the major
cause of disaster
D) very early stories about great catastrophes
occurring on Earth could be graphic accounts of
cosmic impacts
E) accounts of, for instance, fire raining down from
the skies, are so detailed that they must be true
10
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pipeline infrastructure after World War II, had
developed into the leading fuel by 1960. Its
acceptance resulted in part from its versatility - unlike
oil, it can power appliances such as clothes washers
and dryers, ovens, ranges and outdoor grills.
Because it comes primarily from US and Canadian
fields, natural gas is also less vulnerable than oil is,
to war and embargo. Oil remains the predominant
fuel in a few areas, such as New England, where
natural gas pipelines have not yet thoroughly
penetrated. Oil users in many regions have the
advantage of being able to buy a season's supply in
advance at favorable rates and, in contrast to most
gas users, can easily change their supplier.
65. According to the passage, the coal-burning 68. The passage makes the point that oil continues
furnaces of the early days of central heating in to be the chief fuel in certain areas ----.
the US, ----.
A) as it is believed to be less dangerous than
A) gave the people who used them many problems natural gas
B) seldom needed any maintenance B) although it has no advantages over natural gas
C) were soon improved and became quite C) and this annoys a lot of people
convenient to use
D) but it is rapidly falling into disfavor
D) remained exceedingly popular even after oil-
fired furnaces were introduced E) where natural gas is unavailable
11
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triggered an equal opposite reaction, and he found E) admitted that they were exceedingly alarmed by
himself repeatedly flying out to the end of the what was happening to them
umbilical cord connecting him to the Gemini capsule
and then rebounding in an unexpected direction.
Stafford finally ordered Ceman to forget about the
10-million-dollar backpack and return to the capsule.
Doing so turned out to be the most alarming part of
the space walk, as Ceman discovered, that his
pressurized suit wouldn't flex enough to allow him
back inside so that operation alone took him thirty
laborious minutes. Then the struggle to close the
hatch was so prolonged and difficult that Stafford
decided he needed to lie, so the ground crew would
not panic. "Coming in, no problem" he fibbed as he
and Ceman improvised a lever to force the latch into
position. It finally closed.
69. It is clear from the passage that the walk in space 72. We understand from the passage that in a state
described here ----. of weightlessness ----.
A) was very different from what had been A) one loses confidence in one's ability to come to
anticipated the right decision
B) was controlled by the ground crew, and very B) physical tasks are easier to perform
little rested with the astronauts
C) it is surprisingly difficult to get into a pressurized
C) had been carefully planned down to the last suit
detail
D) one has virtually no control over one's
D) went astray because the connection with the movements
ground crew was interrupted
E) people do not realize how slowly they are doing
E) never endangered the lives of the astronauts everything
12
From its birth during World War II, there is one task A) managed to track down many enemy spies with
to which cutting-edge computer technology has the aid of Colossus
always been applied: code-breaking. In 1943, B) were rarely able to break the codes used by
mathematicians and engineers at Bletchley Park, Hitler and his generals even after they had
Buckinghamshire, built Colossus, the forerunner of acquired Colossus
the modern electronic computer. Its task was to
break the Lorentz ciphers, used by Hitler and his C) were in possession of better electrical
generals for their most secret communications. computers than Hitler was
Consisting of thousands of valves, optical devices
D) developed codes that Hitler was unable to break
and pulleys, Colossus looked ungainly but worked
brilliantly. One of its major triumphs was to reveal E) tricked Hitler into believing that the D-Day inva-
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that Hitler had been taken in by Allied deception sion would happen earlier than actually planned
tactics leading up to D-Day, thus clearing the way for
the real invasion in 1944. Ever since, government
code-breaking centers have bought the fastest
supercomputers the moment they emerge, During
the Cold War, the key challenge was to find and
exploit the slightest weakness in the cipher systems
used by the Soviet Union, acknowledged to be the
most secure in the world. Their efforts ultimately led
to the downfall of all of the Soviet's "Magnificent Five"
British spies.
73. The passage is mainly about ----. 76. We learn from the passage that many of the new-
est and fastest supercomputers ----.
A) the deception the Allies practiced on Hitler
regarding the date of D-Day A) are largely used for destructive purposes
C) the success of Colossus in breaking the Soviet C) are still unable to break the world's most secure
Union's code systems cipher systems
D) the unbreakable cipher systems used by Hitler D) are being used by government code-breaking
and the Soviet Union centers
13
The US company, "Scientific Applications and A) sometimes produce high-intensity vibrations that
Research Associates" (SARA) Inc, has developed cause widespread damage to buildings ----.
crowd-dispersal weapons for the US military that B) should only be used in cases of extreme
generate high-intensity sound waves. Sound levels of emergency
120 to 130 decibels cause pain and blurred vision;
above 140 decibels, sound produces profound C) can cause permanent damage to the eye
discomfort throughout the body. Ear plugs are no
D) were primarily designed for use in wartime
protection. These acoustic systems have a directed
beam, projecting the sound in a narrow fan. They E) were primarily designed to break up crowds
include high-intensity sound generators with power
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levels of up to 60 kilowatts and are combustion
driven, using a series of small explosions to create a
noise or drive a siren or whistle.
14
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. E 5. E 6. B 7. D 8. E 9. B 10. D
11. E 12. B 13. B 14. D 15. C 16. E 17. A 18. D 19. C 20. D
21. A 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. E 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. D
31. C 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. E 36. B 37. D 38. C 39. E 40. C
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41. A 42. C 43. D 44. B 45. A 46. E 47. B 48. A 49. E 50. C
51. E 52. C 53. B 54. D 55. D 56. B 57. B 58. B 59. D 60. A
61. D 62. B 63. D 64. B 65. A 66. E 67. B 68. E 69. A 70. B
71. C 72. D 73. B 74. C 75. E 76. D 77. C 78. A 79. E 80. D
15
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8. Twenty years ago the study of aging — as
somewhat misdirected, but now it — into an
2. Had this 70m-long asteroid entered the Earth's important science.
atmosphere, it could have — a large city.
A) was regarded / has developed
A) reconciled B) inflated C) captured
B) had been regarded / would develop
D) destroyed E) erupted
C) has been regarded / would be developing
D) would have been regarded / had developed
E) was being regarded / has been developing
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D) by / from E) on / by
A) delays B) complexities
C) facilities D) requirements
E) replacements
21.
15. It was not long — the design deficiencies of the
A) vulnerable B) impulsive
room became apparent.
C) conducive D) compulsive
A) as if B) before C) until
E) disruptive
D) wherever E) unless
22.
A) had to do B) must have done
16. In every forensic laboratory there should be — C) must be done D) must do
with the basic training to make sense of
botanical evidence. E) would have to do
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E) large quantities of inorganic particles were also
present
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extinct due to human activities
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oluşturduğuna ilişkin şiddetli tartışmalar
C) Evrenin genişlemesi sonucu nesneler uzmanlar arasında yıllarca sürmüştür.
birbirinden giderek uzaklaştığı için yerçekimi
zayıflar. E) Uzmanların yıllardan beri şiddetle sürdürdüğü
tartışma, radonun gerçekten nasıl bir tehlike
D) Evren genişledikçe ve nesneler birbirinden daha oluşturduğuna ilişkindir.
da uzaklaştıkça yerçekimi zayıflar.
E) Evren genişlediği için hem nesneler birbirinden
uzaklaşır hem de yerçekimi daha da zayıflar.
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out what happened before.
of the European Union and the European
Space Agency, C) A variety of new techniques will help to
establish what happened in Australia as regards
C) The Galileo system, which receives some seismic activity before records were kept which
financial support from the member states of the
has only been during the last 150 years.
European Union and the European Space
Agency, is a European network of satellites. D) Records of seismic activity in Australia have
only been kept for 150 years but various new
D) The European Union and the European Space technologies have established what happened
Agency jointly finance Europe's satellite network
before that time.
known as the Galileo system.
E) Since records of seismic activity in Australia
E) The Galileo system, which is a satellite network only go back 150 years, a variety of new
of Europe, is financed by the member states of techniques are presently being used to find out
the European Union and the European space what had happened before then.
Agency.
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protect their food sources and local wildlife at
the same time C) The result will be a worldwide network of
computers
B) An increasing number of today's conservation
projects involve sustainable development D) So the network of information can be accessed
programmes by anyone
C) Habitat restoration and captive breeding E) Indeed, it soon became obvious that they
programmes have already brought several offered many advantages over existing systems
species back from the brink of extinction
D) Although certain species are indeed
endangered, the overall picture is not as gloomy
45. Water filters are particularly useful if you live in a
as is sometimes suggested
hard water area. Hard water contains a greater
E) In Britain, with the restoration of river habitats concentration of calcium than soft water. —. It
and a reduction in pollution, the otter is another also means that you won't get many suds from
genus that has made an impressive recovery your soap. As well as softening the water, a filter
removes other chemicals to improve its look and
taste.
A) There are many other chemicals which pollute
water
Mary : Sam :
---- Well, that sounds plausible. After all, fish are
cold-blooded creatures and need suitable
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Jude: surroundings.
Yes; it has a display that tells you what you
are listening to. A) They don't offer any explanation. Your guess is
as good as mine.
A) And that makes it a lot more expensive, doesn't
it? B) That's one possible explanation, but it's
certainly not the most likely.
B) Oh, that's good. And has it any other
advantages? C) No. Apparently it's the result of global warming.
They are moving north to cooler waters.
C) But isn't the quality of the sound pretty good on
all radios now? D) Possibly. But what I want to know is, where
have they come from?
D) Well, I would expect it to be so, considering the
price! E) No. I don't think so, anyway. Why do you ask?
50. Alec :
If they can predict when one particular
48. Phil: volcano will erupt, why can't they predict
The Natural History Museum is really making when any volcano will erupt?
a break with tradition with its Darwin Centre.
James:
Jane: Because no two volcanoes are alike. Each
---- needs to be studied so that its warning signal
can be recognized.
Phil:
Visitors can now watch the Museum's Alec :
scientists as they carry out the research ----
that's essential when identifying new species
for instance. James :
Yes. But it will take time, of course. And there
Jane: are only two volcano-watching satellites
I think that's a splendid idea. orbiting Earth and these aren't enough.
A) Really? What's it doing? A) Why is that? Surely one volcano is very like
another?
B) Good. Are you thinking of applying?
B) That sounds reasonable enough. Is this being
C) That's a surprise! It won't last long! D) done?
Who says so? I'm sure you're wrong!
C) Well, what are they doing about it?
E) Well; it shouldn't be allowed to happen!
D) Isn't volcanic activity related to earthquakes?
E) But they've been carrying out research on
volcanoes for years! How is it we know so little
about them?
Tony: 52. (I) The remotely operated vehicle (ROV), Jason II,
Do you mean the train that will ride on a resembles its predecessor, but nearly every
cushion of air 2 to 4 inches above the component has been much improved. (II) To
ground? start with, it is bigger, so it can retrieve more material
from the ocean floor. (Ill) Further, a second
Chris : manipulator arm has been added which has increased
---- maneuverability and power. (IV) Another advantage is
the fact that it can function at greater depths. (V)
Tony: Indeed, a lot of people feel that the costs of ROV
technology are in excess
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I really don't know. But if they do succeed, it
will be an important breakthrough. of its usefulness.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) Yes, that's the one. Do you think the project is
realistic?
B) Yes, of course. And it would have propeller
engines.
C) Right. It would cut back on energy consumption
too.
D) I suppose so. I don't think they are taking safety
into consideration.
E) Yes. It's a Japanese firm that's developing it,
you know. 53. (I) Tides are the result of the gravitational pull of both
the Moon and the Sun which cause a swell of water to
sweep across the oceans twice a day. (II) Even so, in
some parts of the world one is hardly aware of high
tide and low tide. (Ill) This swell is only about 1 metre
high, but it contains a huge volume of water. (IV) As it
tries to squeeze into a tight inlet, the result can be a
substantial rise in sea level at high tide and a huge
tidal range. (V) The world's largest tidal range is
thought to be in the Bay of Fundy in Nova Scotia.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
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10
A curious form of renewable-energy generation may A) prevent the inundation of land resulting from
be on the horizon - with underwater turbines. These dams
units harness the power of tidally driven currents, B) make more use of underwater turbines to
which flow back and forth like clockwork, making it generate electricity
possible to generate electricity on a predictable
schedule. In this respect, underwater turbines are C) step up the efficiency of underwater turbines
more attractive than their wind-driven counterparts,
which are now employed widely to help power D) identify various sources of renewable energy
electric grids. Underwater structures are also less E) enlarge and renovate existing electric grids
likely to be damaged by violent storms which have
little effect on submerged objects. And using
underwater turbines sidesteps the common
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objections to conventional hydropower - that
damming a river stops migrating fish and inundates
land upstream. Underwater turbines have long been
used on a small scale. But soon now they will be
used on a large scale to produce megawatts of
electric power.
B) are not as efficient as wind-driven ones in the A) they are unaffected by storms
generation of electricity B) they produce more energy than dams
C) have for many years been the main means of C) they are more economical to run than wind-
obtaining renewable energy driven turbines
D) are not dependent on tidal currents in order to D) they reduce environmental risks caused by tidal
function waters
E) existed in the past but were not widely used E) their underwater structures are easily renewable
11
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criticism is taken at face value, architects do seem to E) they are often criticized for doing so at the
be principally concerned with the texture of a expense of appearances
building's facade, the appearance of its public
spaces, the furniture with which it is filled. Architects
seem to pay close attention to details, even down to
the nature of the lighting fixtures and the hardware
on doors and windows, but not always to how they
will be operated or how they will fulfill their purpose.
Nevertheless, such considerations collectively
constitute architectural and interior design.
61. According to the passage, one point that an 64. From the passage we understand that by interior
architect has to take into consideration is —. design what is meant is —.
A) the structural features of his design in relation to A) the choice and placing of the accessories and
the facade furniture inside a building
B) the costs that will be incurred by his design B) the design of the facade of a building
C) the way the new building will look in its C) only the lighting project and the appliances to
surroundings be used
D) how the new building will be ventilated D) the use of space both inside and outside the
building
E) how crowds of people can be managed inside a
building E) the operational systems and requirements of a
building
12
Electric heating, which appeared in less than 1 per A) the consumption of electricity dropped
cent of homes in the United States in 1950, now dramatically after the construction of gas
dominates most areas with mild winters and cheap pipelines
electricity, including the South and the Northwest. Its B) the costs of home heating and air-conditioning
popularity, at least in the South, was spurred by the have risen sharply over recent years
low cost of adding electric heating to new houses
built with air-conditioning. In the Northeast and C) air-conditioning is far more important than home
Midwest, electricity has not been a popular fuel heating
because of its high cost for cold-weather heating
and because it delivers heat at 90 to 95°F, D) a surprising number of people have gone back
compared with 120 to 140°F for gas and oil, which to wood as the fuel for home heating
many in cold climates find preferable. In some
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E) there are no pipelines to provide gas for home
areas, such as California, electric heating has not heating
progressed because of building code restrictions.
Bottled gas, which is somewhat more expensive
than utility gas, is the fuel of choice in rural areas not
served by utility pipelines. Wood, the dominant fuel
throughout the US economy until the 1880s, is the
leading heating fuel in just a few rural counties.
Home heating, which accounts for less than 7 per
cent of all energy consumed in the US, has had a
commendable efficiency record: from 1978 to 1997,
the amount of fuel consumed for this purpose
declined 44 per cent despite a 33 per cent increase
in the number of housing units and an increase in
house size. This improvement came about thanks to
better insulation and more efficient equipment
following the energy crisis of the 1970s.
13
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E) through their primitive systems, more
research continues, understanding increases about complicated ones can be understood
how our bodies and minds work, but there is still a
lot to learn. Obviously it takes a long time to work
out all the mechanisms, and there are still many new
bioactive compounds to be found in marine
organisms. But by using sea creatures to better
understand human characteristics and disorders,
progress is being made.
C) will be suggested by other mammals, not by B) is still in its early stages but already yielding
marine organisms results
D) may result from a close study of marine C) began as an aid to understanding evolution
organisms D) is not expected to throw much light on human
E) cannot be discovered except with the aid of biology
marine organisms E) has already revealed all their bioactive
compounds
14
Many people who are perfectly relaxed driving along A) in the world were, throughout the 1990s,
the highways become nervous when they get on an prejudiced against flying
airliner, although most know full well that flying is B) stopped travelling altogether after the September
safer than driving. The statistics are indeed clear on 11 hijacking incident
this point. For example, a paper published in 1991
documented the substantially lower risk of flying C) in the US do not trust the statistical data
compared with driving in the United States. Some of concerning the respective dangers of flying and
the many millions of Americans who flew over the driving
next few years probably derived comfort from such
hard facts. But now, a decade later, things have D) really enjoy driving despite the dangers on
changed. The hijacking of four large jets on highways
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September 11, 2001, and the disastrous events that E) become uneasy when they board an aircraft
ensued led many to avoid flying in the United States
during the following months. For example, in the
fourth quarter of 2001, there was a drop of 18 per
cent in the number of passengers compared with the
same time period in 2000. Many still avoid air-travel.
Accordingly, it would be appropriate to again
calculate the risks involved in flying and driving,
taking into account the latest statistics, including the
tragic deaths of the passengers on those four
hijacked planes.
15
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scientists remain interested in getting to the root not
of its destruction, but rather of the centuries of
dominance enjoyed by the massive, fragrant and
economically important tree. A team of scientists
recently put forward the idea that the American
chestnut may have been engaged in the chemically
charged competition known as allelopathy. An
allelopathic plant releases potentially toxic
substances into the environment through its roots,
its leaves or processes such as evaporation. Black
walnut, sycamore and sassafras trees are just a few
known allelopaths that limit the germination of
competitor. It's likely that the list will soon branch out
to include chestnut.
16
1. C 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. E 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. E 10. B
11. C 12. D 13. E 14. A 15. B 16. C 17. A 18. B 19. D 20. E
21. A 22. D 23. E 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. E 28. D 29. A 30. C
31. A 32. B 33. C 34. E 35. A 36. D 37. C 38. E 39. E 40. D
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41. E 42. D 43. B 44. A 45. E 46. D 47. B 48. A 49. C 50. B
51. A 52. E 53. B 54. D 55. C 56. B 57. E 58. C 59. B 60. A
61. C 62. D 63. B 64. A 65. E 66. A 67. E 68. C 69. D 70. C
71. E 72. B 73. C 74. D 75. E 76. A 77. E 78. D 79. B 80. C
17
1. This particular rocket motor ---- to burn out after A) melted / can release
about 65 seconds, after which the craft ---- to B) had melted / had released
coast upward for about 20 seconds.
C) were to melt / released
A) was being designed / has continued
D) melts / could release
B) had been designed / will continue
E) is melting / would release
C) was designed / had continued
D) would be designed / continued
E) has been designed / continues
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17. Couldn’t we ensure that all critical networks are
14. The majority of obsolete pesticide stocks in
kept securely ---- from the rest of the world?
Africa originate from local producers, or have
been the result of ---- purchasing policies. A) taken away B) left out C) put down
A) impressive B) conspicuous D) made over E) cut off
C) repulsive D) inappropriate
E) influential
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E) Aerosol emissions stay in the atmosphere for
19. only a few days
A) one another B) each one C) the next
D) another E) the other one
21.
A) such B) too C) more
D) as E) so
D) it is rarely covered by an insurance policy E) until the committee can safely discuss the
findings
E) on this occasion financial losses were enormous
A) in case continued exploration of the moon could B) Since the ozone layer had been irreparably
reveal much about the evolution of the solar damaged
system C) If the Earth were directly exposed to solar wind
B) even if ground telescopes equipped with D) Until considerably more knowledge is
adaptive optics can be as efficient as the Hubble accumulated
Space Telescope
E) That everything points to the contrary in these
C) since the orbiters sent to Mars in the past few arctic regions
years have thoroughly mapped its topography
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and mineralogy
D) just as the fundamental goal of missions has
been to expand the human presence in space
E) where astronauts can inspect and repair
damage to the vehicles or, if necessary, await a
rescue effort
33. In science, great thinkers produce mathematical 35. The most responsible and cost-effective way to
formulas to explain ----. manage our wastewater is through treatment
systems ----.
A) why a significant number of mathematicians do
not agree A) unless it is disposed of
B) since their formulas have grown increasingly B) that utilize it
complicated
C) which have been purified
C) whether a new scientific renaissance was in the D) before operations began
making
E) if they were efficient
D) although this has always been explained in a
very matter-of-fact manner
E) how things like the pull of gravity work
B) Just as in some other galaxies, M64's stars C) In the metabolic reactions of a cell and, indeed,
always orbit the galaxy in a clockwise direction in any chemical reaction, certain chemical bonds
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causing the gas in its outer regions to rotate in break, and new and different bonds can form.
the opposite direction. D) When a chemical reaction occurs, such as the
C) Most of M64's stars orbit the galaxy in a metabolic reaction of a cell, chemical bonds
clockwise direction as is the case in a few break and are replaced by new and different
galaxies, but the gas in the outer regions circles ones.
in the opposite direction. E) The metabolic reactions that take place in a cell,
D) As in the other galaxies, the gas in the outer resemble all other chemical reactions in which
regions of M64 circles the galaxy in a clockwise certain chemical bonds are broken, and new and
direction while the stars rotate in the opposite different bonds are made.
direction.
E) As in many other galaxies, all of M64's stars
orbit the galaxy in a clockwise direction while the
gas in its outer regions rotates in the opposite
direction.
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hücrelerinden çok farklıdır.
appeared to be missing. (V) Pauli proposed that
D) Bitkiler, kök hücreleri ve yaprak hücreleri gibi it had been carried away by a virtually invisible
farklı yapıları ve işlevleri olan çeşitli tipte hücre- particle.
lere sahiptir.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
E) Bitkilerin köklerinde ve yapraklarında yapıları ve
işlevleri birbirinden oldukça farklı olan çeşitli tipte
hücreler vardır.
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Patrick :
- ----
Brian :
- There certainly is. There is so much more to
discover about the properties and potential of
metals.
48. Mr Jones :
- Well, what did you think of that candidate?
Mr Curtis :
- ----
Mr Jones :
- Yes; you're right about that. But he has no
46. (I) Tides on Jupiter's satellite, Europa, are different experience at all in environmental issues like
from those on the Earth in important ways. (II) The water and air contamination. And that's
length of Europa's day matches its orbital period of 85 important.
hours. (Ill) For one thing, Jupiter is huge, and it
produces enormous tides on Europa. (IV) In fact, the
height of the tide is about 500 meters at its peak. (V) Mr Curtis:
The daily tidal change, however, is much smaller. - True. So let's call in the next applicant.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V A) Thinks he knows everything; but knows nothing.
B) Plenty of theoretical knowledge but that's not
what we are looking for.
C) He's very unsure of himself. I can't see him
coordinating a project efficiently.
D) Hopeless. Can't think why he applied.
E) I liked him. He'd be able to fit into the team,
which is one quality we want.
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that the demand for certified timber products
exceeds the supply.
That must have contributed something. But further
investigations revealed there had been gross
Are they also concerned with the maintenance of negligence.
watershed stability?
Yes. The snow had melted very fast and this had
Is this what is meant by eco-forestry? been immediately followed by heavy rain.
Does this mean that they harvest trees no faster than Mud and water rushed down the mountainside and
new ones can grow to replace them? reached a speed of 90 kilometers an hour.
That sounds good. But is this having any effect upon Within a space of three and a half minutes 285
the sale of timber products? people had been killed.
The rainforests of the world are rapidly being People are slow to learn. Since then there have been
destroyed. 33 similar cases of dams bursting, and all for
different reasons.
10
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C) Actually, chronic underpricing of water does not C) In the nineteenth century, it was proposed that
help the poor the Earth and the Moon had been born together
from the same material surrounding the youthful
D) The main goal is to cut by half, by 2015, the Sun
number of people without clean water
D) According to some astronomers, the Moon was
E) There are certain cheaper and better ways of once a completely independent body, but was
storing water and providing protection against captured by the Earth and is now a satellite of
floods Earth
E) According to one theory, the Moon was created
following a collision between the Earth and an
unknown planetary body perhaps the size of
Mars
11
Florida's more than 1,000 miles of coastline contain A) the approaches to the bridge require a
about 150 drawbridges, more than are found in any considerable amount of land
other state. As these bridges age and Florida grows
B) the height must be sufficient to enable all ships to
and changes, many of them now have to be
pass under it
replaced. But replaced with what? Recently there
have been very many controversies over C) its appearance must receive a great deal of
drawbridges. One involved the Belleair Beach attention
Causeway, which was built in 1950. When it
approached the end of its 50-year lifespan, the D) every effort is taken to avoid spoiling the view of
choice for a replacement came down to three local residents
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options: a drawbridge the same height as the
existing span (21 feet above high tide) but wider, to E) an increase in width presents few problems
accommodate modern traffic levels; a drawbridge
with a height of 45 feet; and a fixed span 65 feet tall.
Each choice had its advantages and disadvantages.
The two drawbridges would have created the least
disruption in nearby communities. Opening a
drawbridge inconveniences motorists, however, and
can cause a dangerous delay for ambulances or in
other emergencies. A drawbridge also costs more to
build and maintain. A high fixed span would be
cheaper and eliminate the delays, but it would
require extensive property acquisition to 59. It's clear from the passage that when a new bridge
accommodate its approaches. It would also tower at Belleair Beach was under consideration ----.
over the area and block the views of many residents,
and some tall boats would be unable to fit A) the width of the bridge caused more controversy
underneath. However after much debate and many than its height
hearings, the country board settled on a high fixed
span. B) there was much discussion concerning the
advantages and disadvantages of the options
C) financial matters were of first importance
D) people wanted the new bridge to have a longer
lifespan than any earlier one
E) drawbridges were already beginning to lose their
appeal
12
A new and quicker method to check or prove the A) can be employed even in the absence of consent
existence of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) is and assistance
being developed. First, one needs to know where
B) can detect WMDs within a wide radius
they may be hidden and then a high-velocity
projectile can be fired at the target. High-tech C) can be used with the same precision on many
sensors packed into the projectile will then instantly occasions
beam back confirmation that the weapons are there if
indeed they are. It's a high-risk concept that raises D) is able to penetrate concrete bunkers but its
many questions, not least its technological feasibility sensors are destroyed in the process
and the political protests that would follow if such a
E) has a wide variety of uses
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device were ever built or used. But the US military is
taking the idea seriously. Last year, in a two-page
research paper commissioned by the army, experts
from the Institute for Advanced Technology detailed
real test results of a prototype projectile designed to
verify the existence of WMDs. They say such a
device offers a way to inspect for weapons without
permission or cooperation. To inspect reinforced
concrete bunkers or factory buildings suspected of
housing WMDs, the researchers designed a
projectile that can penetrate several meters of
hardened concrete, without damaging its load of
sensors. Its casing is built from AerMet 100, a nickel- 63. The passage makes the point that, if such a
cobalt steel with traces of molybdenum and projectile were ever used ----.
chromium. Heat-treating the casing after it is made
gives it an extremely hard surface. The tapering A) those who had developed it would be made to
projectile is 230 millimeters long, with a maximum regret the fact
calibre of 45 millimeters.
B) no one would dare to make any WMDs
C) new ways to hide WMDs would immediately be
sought
D) there would be many objections made at a
political level
E) its technological precision would be admired
13
To engineers, design typically has less to do with A) is its least important aspect
aesthetics and appearance and more to do with B) is confined to the façade
fabrication and performance. Engineers tend to focus
on the structure behind the façade. They worry about C) is largely concerned with the way the building will
how the building will be built, how it will stand, be used and by whom
whether it will sway too much in the wind, whether it
will survive an earthquake, whether it will crack or D) serves to correct the too functional engineering
leak. Engineers designing the structural frame of design
hotel buildings take into account the strength and
stiffness of ballroom floors, where large crowds will
E) normally receives far more attention than does
the engineering design
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gather and rhythmic dancing will occur. Engineers
are expected to think about how a building will be
heated and cooled, how air will circulate among its
spaces, how energy efficient it will be. In the ideal
world, the design efforts of architects and engineers
complement each other, resulting in a building that is
both a joy to look at and a pleasure to use. But all too
often in practice, things do not work out like that, and
the users of the building pay the price. In most
buildings, the work of the architect masks, cloaks
and hides the work of the engineer. Engineering
criticism is almost unheard of in public discussions of 67. It is clear from the passage that, when engineers
building design, although it does sometimes come to design a building, they —.
the fore when buildings fall down, as in the case of
the collapse of the World Trade Center towers. A) take into consideration what it will be used for
B) make sure that the site is suitable
C) completely ignore aesthetic aspects
D) aim to make it multi-functional
E) are very much limited by the amount of money
that is allocated
14
At one point, during what was still a time of hopeful A) because it takes a ship several days to pass
experimentation with nuclear technology, the US through
considered using atomic bombs to blow a trench
B) since little traffic passes through it
through the isthmus of Panama. The idea was to
replace the 50-year-old Panama Canal, whose locks C) since, during the 50 years of its existence, it has
were too narrow for the world's growing fleet of presented no serious problems whatsoever
super-tankers and aircraft carriers, with one that
would be more suited to modern conditions. The D) because the level of the water has to be
problem was not just the size of the locks but their manipulated to a huge extent to allow ships to
very existence. Ships don't simply sail through the sail through
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Panama Canal; they have to be lifted 85 feet to the
elevation of the highest point along the way and then E) largely because the locks are so much shorter
brought down to sea level again. Each ship's trip and narrower than is normal
through requires 52 million gallons of fresh water,
more than most American cities use in a day, all of it
flowing through huge gravity-fed tubes. The source
of this water supply is a vast artificial lake whose
dam also provides the electrical power for the whole
operation. To fill up and empty a single lock takes 40
minutes on average, and when any one of the 12
locks shuts down for maintenance, ship traffic can
back up for days. Finally, with all that complicated
machinery, if the canal were to be sabotaged (as had 71. It is clear from the passage that, in the early years
happened to the lockless Suez Canal in 1956), of nuclear technology, —.
correcting the damage might take years.
A) atomic bombs were the major concern for the US
government
B) the Americans had already started to worry in
case it would prove extremely dangerous
C) the Americans wondered about using it to open a
new canal across the Panama isthmus
D) nuclear power was being used to operate aircraft
carriers
69. According to the passage, the artificial lake, built E) it was hoped that it would prove a source for
for the Panama Canal, ----. unending electrical power
15
If the solar company's claims are borne out, its high- A) is low considering how complicated it is to install
efficiency cells will bring solar power closer to B) is surprisingly inexpensive
becoming a practical option for home owners. The
average power demand of a household is 2,000 to C) varies from supplier to supplier
3,000 watts. With solar cells around 20 per cent
efficient, this demand can be met with about 15 D) is what deters people from using solar power
square meters of solar panels, which is compact
E) is likely to drop in the not too distant future
enough to fit on a rooftop. It has been estimated that
ready-to-install arrays will sell for around $10 per
watt. That cost may eventually fall further. For, as
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one spokesman for the company said: “The trend is
towards higher efficiency". Others agree, but say
silicon may not be the material that ultimately
delivers it. Thin films of cadmium telluride, for
instance, are showing promise in the lab. One
London-based solar energy systems supplier is very
impressed with some new solar cells that have just
come on the market, both on account of their
efficiency and also because they are practical. They
are very easy to connect together," he points out,
you can just put tabs on the sides of the back 75. It is emphasized in the passage that the
contacts and connect one cell to another without installation of the new-style solar cells ----.
wires."
A) depends largely on the materials to be used
B) requires professional expertise
C) is very simple and practical
D) completely covers the whole of a roof top
E) is a service freely offered by the solar company
16
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sunlight and counteracting the warming effect of
carbon dioxide emissions. Until now, they reckoned
that aerosols reduced greenhouse warming by
perhaps a quarter, cutting increases by 0.2°C. So the
0.6°C of warming over the past century would have
been 0.8°C without aerosols. But the Berlin
workshop concluded that the real figure is even
higher -aerosols may have reduced global warming
by as much as three-quarters cutting increases by
1.8°C. If so, the good news is that aerosols have
79. We can infer from the passage that the cooling
prevented the world getting almost two degrees
effect of aerosols ----.
warmer than it is now. But the bad news is that the
climate system is much more sensitive to
greenhouse gases than previously guessed. In fact, A) is not sufficient to prevent an increase in global
warming could go up by 7 to10°C. warming
B) was first recognized at the Berlin workshop
C) has finally been measured with great precision
D) is the only way to counteract global warming
E) has been disappointingly low
A) confirm official guesses as regards global B) has been continually on the increase for over a
warning decade
B) are pessimistic about the possibility of controlling C) is unaffected by forest fires and fossil fuels
global warming D) has been over-exaggerated by the findings of the
C) have divided the scientific world Berlin workshop
D) have not been treated seriously by the scientific E) is partially held in check by aerosols
world
E) are biased, and therefore contribute very little to
a better understanding of global warming
TEST BĐTTĐ
CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDĐNĐZ.
17
1. E 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. E 8. D 9. A 10. D
11. B 12. C 13. C 14. D 15. B 16. A 17. E 18. D 19. A 20. D
21. B 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. E 29. C 30. D
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31. A 32. E 33. E 34. C 35. B 36. E 37. A 38. B 39. D 40. B
41. A 42. C 43. D 44. E 45. D 46. B 47. A 48. E 49. D 50. B
51. A 52. C 53. D 54. B 55. E 56. D 57. C 58. A 59. B 60. D
61. E 62. A 63. D 64. B 65. C 66. E 67. A 68. C 69. C 70. D
71. C 72. B 73. A 74. E 75. C 76. D 77. B 78. E 79. A 80. E
18
3. According to statistics ---- by the UN Food and 6. Each of these mini antennas is capable ----
Agriculture Organization, global banana absorbing energy ---- short-wavelength
production ---- steadily over the past 40 years. electromagnetic radiation.
A) having been published / was rising A) of/from B) to/off C) for/out of
B) to be published / would rise D) in / with E) at / through
C) published / has been rising
D) to publish / rose
E) being published / had been rising
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8. Silicon-on-insulator technology, which has
helped improve chip performance considerably, 11. Chip-making is very competitive, so ----
has become cheaper and easier to adopt, ---- a opportunity to cut costs and improve yields is
technology called Smart Cut highly prized.
9. Unified field theory in physics is the theory that 12. The nucleus is surrounded by a number of
attempts to explain the four fundamental forces, moving electrons, ---- of which has a negative
which are strong nuclear, weak nuclear, charge equal to the positive charge on a proton.
electromagnetic and gravity, ---- a single unified
force. A) both B) much C) less
D) more E) each
A) so as to B) ahead of
C) in terms of D) with a view to
E) on behalf of
C) replacement D) distinction
E) significance
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14. The US government demands ---- exemptions 17. By one account, the team ---- the desired
from a worldwide ban on the use of methyl compound in just three days.
bromide, a pesticide that damages the ozone A) drove through B) turned over
layer.
C) came up with D) put up with
A) responsive B) eager
E) made up for
C) indefinite D) susceptible
E) major
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produce ammonium sulphate, which is converted actually lead to warming
(23) ---- nitric acid in soil.
19.
A) replacement B) discrepancy C) prevention
D) decline E) relief
21.
A) would be B) have been
C) would have been D) had been
E) are being
26. ---- if they had not been able to exploit their oil
and mineral reserves.
A) Indeed, the study was denounced as "deeply
flawed"
B) Waste dumps and worker camps constitute a
22. further threat
A) impairs B) accumulates C) relates C) The benefits from oil and mining industries
would also be reinforced
D) exchanges E) reacts
D) Environmental groups were quick to condemn
the conclusions drawn
E) Actually, these countries might have lost even
more forest land
23.
A) through B) from C) of
D) to E) out of
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E) but there are real advantages to offset them
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laws and elementary particles
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of them have certain common basic
characteristics. D) The atmosphere thins out fast; indeed, the rate
is more than a 1% drop in density for each 100
C) Although the cells of the human body all have meters in altitude.
certain basic characteristics, they are strikingly
different from each other in various ways. E) As there is a drop in density of 1 % in every 100
meters in altitude, one is fully aware that the
D) In spite of having certain common basic atmosphere is thinning out.
characteristics, the cells of the human body are
surprisingly different from each other.
E) Since the various cells of the human body are
noticeably different from each other in certain
respects, the basic shared characteristics often
go unnoticed.
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D) Dünyadaki zayıf statik manyetik alanların insan
vücudu üzerinde herhangi bir etkisi olduğunu
gösteren hiçbir önemli kanıt bulunamamıştır.
E) Dünyanın zayıf statik manyetik alanlarının insan
vücudunu önemli ölçüde etkilediğini kanıtlayan
herhangi bir bulgu yoktur
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
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Sandy :
- ----
Mavis :
- Oh, couldn't they? They've been eating the
eggs of indigenous ground-nesting birds.
A) Surely they wouldn't hurt anything!
B) Why, what have they been doing?
C) They couldn't cause a problem!
D) Well, they are harmless enough!
E) Don't tell me they are proving a nuisance.
48. Peter :
46. (I) Laser light is coherent. (II) This means that the
- What is meant by the International Date
waves forming the beam are all in phase; that is,
Line?
the waves have their maxima and minima at the
same points in space and time. (Ill) The word
laser is an acronym meaning light amplification Jane :
by stimulated emission of radiation. (IV) The - It's an imaginary line that roughly follows
property of coherence of a laser beam is used in the 180° line of longitude.
compact disc (CD) audio players. (V) Music is
encoded on the disc in the form of pits, or
indentations, on a spiral track. Peter :
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V - ----
Jane :
- It keeps dating uniform. The date is put
forward a day when crossing the line going
west, and back a day when going east.
A) Well, what use does it serve?
B) How long has it been in existence?
C) Does everyone recognize it?
D) Who chose that particular line of longitude?
E) Have you ever crossed that line?
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future.
A) And is that difficult to do?
B) No, I've only just started it. But I liked his
B) How do they help? overview of evolution.
C) Will camphor dissolve in turpentine? C) No; frankly I found it rather boring. There's too
much emphasis on preserving the environment.
D) Are diamonds still being used to drill glass?
D) I have indeed. It was fascinating. What do you
E) Aren't there any more reliable methods? think of the writer's view of man?
E) Yes, I have. And I'm not convinced that the
environment is a vast and unexplored
storehouse of biological treasures.
10
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D) The universities themselves, came up with the motives
idea
E) People can solve more difficult problems than
E) But this will not happen overnight robots can
11
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E) so the de-icing system was carefully checked
knew their craft was icing up and attempted to clear before take-off
it, following de-icing procedures exactly.
12
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E) but still prohibitive
advantage guaranteed by international treaty. And
under the Kyoto Protocol, carbon emissions from
international transports aren't added to national
carbon-emission tallies, because nobody can agree
whose account to charge them to. But the fuel used
to import food and drink to Britain continues to
account for four million tonnes of CO2 emissions
annually, which is about 2.5 per cent of the national
total.
C) which compare the calorific value of carrots C) food grown locally is to be preferred, for several
grown in California and South Africa reasons, to imported food
D) to account for the low calorific value of Californian D) certain international bodies are seeking to tax air
lettuce fuel
E) but gives no assurance of their reliability E) Britain imports more food and drink than any
other country in Europe
13
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world at the UN Conference on the Human
Environment in Stockholm in 1972. The outcome
was that states are now responsible for ensuring that
their activities do not damage the environment of
other states. This paved the way for the development
of programmes for reducing long-range air pollution.
The most important of these was the Convention on
Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, attended 67. According to the passage, the UN Conference on
in 1979 by the world's leading industrial nations. the Human Environment held in Stockholm in
1972 ----.
A) put each state under the obligation of
safeguarding the environment of other states
B) was called to assess the rate of growth of sulphur
pollution
C) made the world aware for the first time of the
potential short-range danger of sulphur pollution
D) discussed pollution but did nothing about
reducing it
E) hoped to make the world at large more
environmentally conscious
A) scientists everywhere were aware of the dangers B) industry everywhere set a good example and cut
of pollution, but no one listened to them down on its pollution
B) there was no such thing as acid rain C) it was already too late to do anything much about
it
C) acid rain destroyed large areas of forest land in
central Europe D) those who had caused it were called upon to cure
it
D) there was a certain amount of acid rain but it
went undetected E) it was soon recognized as an urgent international
issue
E) the problems of pollution appeared small in
comparison with other more pressing problems
14
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Nahoon
more powerful dating techniques now", says
Roberts. He used thermoluminescence, a dating
method that measures when sand grains were last
exposed to light. Only about seven inches long, the
prints clearly show five toes and a well-developed
arch.
69. We understand from the passage that at some 72. The footprints that are the subject of this passage
point during the 200,000 years during which the ----.
tracks lay hidden, ----.
A) are the only known example of footprints
A) more and more sand piled up upon them hardening into sandstone
B) others like them were lost through erosion B) turned out to be not quite so old as was originally
C) they could have been washed away by heavy estimated
rains C) are small but clearly defined
D) they turned into sandstone D) were made by feet very different from our own
E) they could easily have been destroyed by teams E) have attracted many geologists to the region in
of construction workers search of similar finds
15
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cattle
use more antibiotics, and where vast mountains of
manure pollute the surroundings. Consumers could
reverse many of these problems by demanding meat
from grass-fed livestock, or simply by eating less
meat. And as an added bonus for overfed
Westerners, the meat from grass-fed cattle is leaner
than that from grain-fed animals.
16
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would be opened less frequently
a stretch of the Intracoastal Waterway impassable to
boats taller than 65 feet, so that option was ruled out
almost immediately. When an examination of the
bridge's records showed that increasing the height
would reduce the frequency of closings only slightly,
the state decided to build a new drawbridge with the
same height as the old one.
77. We learn from the passage that one rather special 80. According to the passage, it was decided, after
feature of the drawbridge at John's Pass is that it careful consideration, that the height of the
----. drawbridge ----.
A) is the only one in the region for which a record is A) need not be as high as the former one
kept of the boats that pass under it
B) should be raised so that ships of up to 65 feet
B) is twice as high as the former bridge could pass under it
C) only needs a life span of 30 years C) should be the same as that of the previous one
D) does not need to open for ships of well over 65 D) should be left to the discretion of the engineers
feet building it
E) does not open and close at set times E) should not be allowed to add seriously to the cost
of constructing it
E) are such that it is not a safe route for large ships CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDĐNĐZ.
17
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. E 6. A 7. E 8. D 9. C 10. B
11. D 12. E 13. D 14. E 15. D 16. B 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. C
21. B 22. E 23. D 24. D 25. B 26. E 27. E 28. A 29. E 30. E
31. B 32. C 33. C 34. D 35. B 36. B 37. C 38. B 39. D 40. A
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41. E 42. B 43. C 44. B 45. D 46. C 47. C 48. A 49. B 50. A
51. D 52. C 53. E 54. A 55. B 56. D 57. B 58. E 59. A 60. D
61. E 62. A 63. D 64. C 65. D 66. B 67. A 68. E 69. D 70. E
71. A 72. C 73. B 74. D 75. B 76. A 77. E 78. C 79. B 80. C
18
C) resistance D) appearance
E) restoration
3. The point-and-click actions of the computer 6. The moon maps are incomplete but it is hoped
mouse have made it an ---- popular alternative that the 2008 lunar orbiter will ---- the gaps for
to keyboard and text-based commands. us.
9. A good way ---- understanding of the 12. Last January, "Hygens", a space probe built by
geodynamo ---- to compare computer dynamos the European Space Agency, landed ---- Titan,
(which lack turbulence) with laboratory Saturn's largest moon, and began to deliver its
dynamos (which lack convection). data ---- waiting scientists.
15. Most of us think that random events tend to be 18. Roentgen, which is the unit of radiation
equally spread, ---- the contrary seems to be exposure, is defined ---- the number of ions
true: randomness tends to occur in clusters. produced in one cubic centimeter of air by the
radiation.
A) as if B) but
A) in view of B) as well as
C) so D) moreover
E) since C) due to D) in terms of
E) on behalf of
Bozono, chief engineer of the Phoenix Bridge 24. Non-lethal weapons can offer the prospect of a
Company, was confident that he could build a less violent world ----.
bridge to span the Kinzua gorge; and he did
A) if the military forces themselves are
(19) ----, in just 94 days. When it (20) ---- in 1882,
the Kinzua Viaduct was the tallest bridge in the unconvinced
world. For more than 100 years, it carried trains B) where lethal force is only a last resort
across the Kinzua gorge, but in 2003 its service
came to an (21) ---- end when it took a direct hit C) when the advantages balanced the
(22) ---- a tornado and 23 of its 41 spans (23) ---- in disadvantages
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spectacular fashion in just 30 seconds.
D) though tear gas is less effective
20.
A) had been finished B) has been finished 25. Engineers removed 70 tonnes of earth from the
base of the Tower of Pisa ----.
C) was finished D) was to be finished
A) so the lean was reduced by 45 cm
E) finished
B) that the Tower's lean was increasing by 1.5 m
every year
22.
A) from B) at C) with
D) over E) for
26. The most south-westerly point on the
Scandinavian peninsula is where you should go
----.
A) while cloud and wind conditions were suitable
23. B) if you want to watch migrating birds
A) violated B) reduced C) reversed
C) when migration reached its peak in September
D) repaired E) collapsed
D) that birds of prey are on the increase
A) however unlikely they seemed to be A) its responsibilities have grown much faster
B) since this covers new ground B) the space station programmes are not targets
for cutting costs
C) that have changed our lives
C) the programme of unmanned missions could
D) which had gone unnoticed
have been discontinued
E) if they were worth recording
D) Earth-observing satellites are of less
importance
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E) in fact, the Voyager probes may be cancelled
D) but their methods will replace the Haber-Bosch E) Mountain glaciers aggressively attack surface
process rock
D) no one has managed to defeat it A) NASA jeologları, Mars'ı bu kadar kuru ve tozlu
hale getiren etkenleri ortaya çıkararak,
E) the game would soon lose its appeal Dünya'nın kaderine ilişkin ipuçlarına ulaşmak
istiyorlar.
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böylesine kuru ve tozlu olduğu konusuyla değil,
ayrıca Dünya'nın kaderine ilişkin ipuçları
saklayıp saklamadığı konusuyla da
ilgilenmektedir.
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C) 1911'de, Marie Curie'ye polonyum ve C) Gold-silver alloys, which are harder than pure
radyumun keşfi için kimya alanında Nobel gold, are easier to cast as they melt at lower
ödülü verildiğinde, daha önce hiçbir bilim temperatures.
insanı iki defa Nobel ödülü almamıştı.
D) It is easy to cast gold-silver alloys as, unlike;
D) Marie Curie, "polonyum ve radyumun pure gold, they are hard and melt at low
keşfinden ötürü 1911'de kimyada Nobel temperatures.
ödülünü kazandığında, ikinci Nobel ödülünü
E) Gold-silver alloys are not only harder than pure
alan ilk bilim insanı oldu.
gold, but they also melt at lower temperatures
E) ikinci Nobel ödülünü alan ilk bilim insanı and are therefore easier to cast
unvanı, Marie Curie'ye 1911'de polonyum ve
radyumun keşfi için kimyada Nobel ödülü
almasıyla verildi.
39. – 41. sorularda, verilen Đngilizce cümleye 41. Yerkabuğunun derinliklerinde oluşan magma
anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. yükselir ve daha önceki şiddetli bir fışkırma
sırasında oluşan mevcut bir çöküntünün
39. 1985'te Đngiliz araştırmacılar, Antarktika'nın altındaki haznede toplanır.
üzerindeki ozon tabakasının yıllardır her bahar A) During really violent eruptions, calderas are
hızla azaldığını ancak bir sonraki kış normale
formed and magma generated in the depths of
döndüğünü açıkladılar.
Earth's mantle, rises and accumulates in
A) In 1985, British researchers reported that the reservoirs under them.
ozone layer over the Antarctic had, for years,
B) The magma that has been generated deep in
decreased rapidly each spring but had
the Earth's mantle rises and collects in a
returned to normal the following winter.
reservoir immediately below an existing caldera
B) In a report by British researchers that formed during earlier eruptions.
appeared in 1985, it is pointed out that the
C) Once the magma generated below the Earth's
ozone layer over the Antarctic had, on several
mantle has risen, it accumulates in a reservoir
occasions, decreased drastically in the spring
just below a caldera formed during an even
but returned to normal in the following winter.
more violent eruption.
C) British research team reported in 1985 that the
D) Magma generated deep in the Earth's mantle
ozone layer over the Antarctic had, over a
rises and accumulates in a reservoir beneath
period of years, decreased to an alarming
an existing caldera formed during a previous
extent each spring but had returned to normal
violent eruption.
the following winter.
E) Once it has been generated deep in the Earth's
D) British researchers in 1985 established the fact
mantle, the magma rises and accumulates in a
that the ozone layer over the Antarctic had
reservoir immediately below an existing
thinned out alarmingly each spring for a
caldera formed during a violent eruption.
number of years, but returned to normal each
winter.
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faults was extremely complex
D) Over time, this tuff was wqorn away, creating
B) The stress-triggering hypothesis continues to distinctive formations
gain credibility, and offers hope of being able to
predict quakes accurately E) Rainfall and rivers wear down the tuff and, like
the wind, carry away loose materials
C) Faults are unexpectedly responsive to subtle
stresses they acquire as neighbouring faults
shake
43. The author of the book is an assistant 45. Polish is made of wax. ----. And, each of them
professor of physics and an amateur ice- has its own melting point. The low-melting-point
hockey player. ----. He supports his idea with wax makes it easier to apply the polish,
reference to thermodynamics, molecular whereas the high-melting-point wax helps the
physics, fluid dynamics and the physics of polish to stay in place.
collisions, and presents his material clearly and
convincingly. A) But, unlike candles, which are also made of
wax, it is a blend of different waxes
A) It's an informative study and certainly original
B) Nobody seems to have done any systematic
B) He claims that ice-hockey involves more research into the chemical components of wax
physics than any other sport
C) On a microscopic level, the surface you are
C) He wonders whether shooting, like skating, polishing is rough, and when you apply the
makes use of a great deal of mechanics polish, it looks dull at first
D) Air drag and ice friction are fully discussed D) This is the same basic concept as that of a
E) There is no advice on how to avoid collisions steamroller on hot tarmac
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B) Intriguingly, they are the only animal in which known today were discovered before 1900.
the male becomes pregnant and gives birth to A) Why do you say that?
live young
B) But he’s good at his job and very determined.
C) Consequently, fishermen have reported a
minimum 50 per cent decline in wild stocks of C) I suppose not. Even though there must be
seahorses in the past five years plenty of unknown species.
D) Their genetic structure has not yet been D) Stop being pessimistic! It shouldn’t be so
identified difficult, should it?
Dan: Harry:
- Well, I'm all for user participation in the - But doesn't that mean the copper is terribly
planning and design process. brittle, and so breaks easily?
Michael: Lee:
A) It's the contractor that he really needs to work A) If they could, it would be excellent for various
with! biomedical devices.
B) No. But by all accounts it seems they have
B) Yes, of course. But some buildings, office managed to do so.
blocks for instance, are quite straightforward. C) I only know they start by cooling the copper
C) So am I. The architect doesn't know what's down with liquid nitrogen.
needed, for instance, in a school. D) In theory, yes. They're creating an ultra fine
grain structure for strength.
D) The quality of the materials used is equally E) Small grains make for strength; large ones for
important. pliability.
E) Yes; but within reason. The architect can't
please everyone.
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through it in an individual manner, so they spectrum also reveals the geometry of the dust. (V)
can be sure about which bullets come from This part of the spectrum is difficult or impossible to
which gun. detect from the ground so the survey was of immense
importance.
A) There is a spiral of raised lands and shallow,
grooves along the barrel.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
B) The diameter of a bullet tells one quite a lot.
10
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A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
11
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Instead, the GSM Association says there is a player or a torch is
theoretical risk that if a hand-held phone is dropped
and the battery separates from the phone, it could E) should be switched off on arrival at a petrol
cause a spark across the contacts. This is equally station
true of other battery-powered devices such as
torches, Walkmans and CD players. But it's far more
likely that mobile phones cause a hazard at petrol
stations by distracting their users while they're
operating a petrol pump.
59. It is pointed out in the passage that any battery-
powered device ----.
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this is applied in the direction of the failed engine, the E) the function of stabilizer and rudder are
force created by the rudder will counteract the turn reduced
induced by the uneven engine thrust. The vertical
stabilizer and rudder are sized to control the uneven
thrust caused by an engine failure at the most
demanding limits or the flight envelope, as they must
be capable of generating powerful turning forces.
13
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occur at cosmological distances near the edge of the designed satellites
observable universe. Amateur astronomers, due to
their large numbers, their ability to respond quickly to
the randomly located GRBs and the availability of
highly sensitive CCD cameras, have been able to
provide important, early data on the optical
afterglows of GRBs in the past few years. Indeed, at
least one optical afterglow from a GRB was
discovered by an amateur astronomer. Observations
can be done with even a modest-size telescope, 67. We understand from the passage that GRBs ----.
provided the observations are made quickly enough. A) have not aroused much scientific interest
except among amateur astronomers
14
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study eventually concluded, had the potential to the brown trout
reduce the river's flow by one third during the
irrigation season, with adverse impact on the brown
trout. For now, the trout are not in danger, but that
could change if Minnesota were to approve
applications from farmers still eager to see potato 71. We understand from the passage that the
planting and irrigation widen. groundwater Minnesota farmers use for
irrigation purposes ----.
D) are a poor strain of potato that is being D) have done their best to save the trout fishery of
replaced by better strains the Straight River
E) have led to a drop in the sale of French fries E) have failed to give the fast-food companies the
type of potato they want
15
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no aerodynamics textbooks. The astronauts would
never have landed on the Moon nor the rovers on
Mars without firm geological knowledge of their
surfaces. Rather than following scientific theories and
discoveries, engineering leads them. Operating
steam engines prompted the development of
thermodynamics, actual powered flight drove
aerodynamics, and Moon and Mars missions brought 75. We understand from the passage that the
back samples and sent back data that led to technological achievements of engineers are ---
increased scientific knowledge about those -.
extraterrestrial bodies. A) frequently the result of inventiveness and
creativity
C) engineering is very often a step ahead of the C) are almost always based on some degree of
pure sciences scientific knowledge
D) all scientists show equal ingenuity D) are valued more than new scientific theories
E) the steam engine was the greatest invention of E) do not usually relate to our ordinary everyday
all time life
16
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case of Blaenavon, unless precautionary measures
were taken, the air in the town was going to be thick
with dust. Precautionary measures were taken,
based on well-tried techniques. For instance, tall
spray masts were erected around dumps to provide
a curtain of rain to entrap and wash out dust from the
79. According to the passage, the opencast mine
air, and the wheels of every vehicle leaving the site
near Blaenavon ----.
were washed. Further, reclaimed areas were planted
with trees and grass from day one. With these and A) had always given employment to the men in
other measures this turned out to be a success story the town
for all concerned. In fact, during the entire mining and th
B) had been in constant use since the late 18
reclamation project not a single complaint about
century
nuisance dust was made to the local authority.
C) had never been mined economically
D) had been neglected for years and fallen into a
state of decay
A) even though very little coal was mined B) were not adequate enough
B) as new methods of dust control were C) were just ordinary, routine measures
developed and tried out D) were devised and implemented by the people in
C) because the coal was mined without the the local town
nearby town suffering from dust E) were set up in a careless half-hearted manner
D) since no one regretted the closing-down of the
mine
17
1. A 2. E 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. E 10. B
11. E 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B 16. C 17. E 18. D 19. B 20. C
21. D 22. A 23. E 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. E 29. B 30. A
31. D 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. E 36. C 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. E
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41. D 42. A 43. B 44. E 45. A 46. B 47. C 48. A 49. D 50. E
51. A 52. D 53. B 54. C 55. D 56. E 57. C 58. A 59. B 60. D
61. A 62. B 63. E 64. D 65. A 66. B 67. C 68. D 69. C 70. B
71. A 72. B 73. C 74. E 75. A 76. B 77. C 78. E 79. D 80. A
18
D) extremity E) gap
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2. The theory is interesting enough, but is it ----?
A) solvable B) expressive C) intensive 5. The amount of fish caught did not ---- the
massive increase in vessel tonnage and fishing
D) coherent E) resistant effort.
E) break out of
3. However incredible we may now find it, engineers 6. Home heating, which ---- less than 7 per cent of
did not ---- welcome the idea of a general purpose all energy consumed in the US, has had a
microchip. commendable efficiency record.
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8. It ---- that Brazil’s new surveillance system ---- a
useful tool in the protection of the rain forests. 11. In order ---- a good sheep-shearing robot I had to
understand sheep shearers and the skill of
A) may be hoped / would have proved shearing, as well as the technology ---- in
building a robot.
B) was hoped / had proved
A) having built / to have been involved
C) has been hoped / would prove
B) building / to be involved
D) could be hoped / might have proved
C) to build / involved
E) is hoped / will prove
D) to be building / involving
E) to have built / having been involved
E) either / and
15. ---- the car is equipped with a sophisticated 18. The harder a material is, ---- ductile or workable it
protection system, you know you are fully tends to be.
protected.
A) the most B) as much C) the less
A) Until B) Even if C) Although
D) more E) so much
D) So E) Since
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E) while security features are also innovative
19.
D) effects E) explanations
D) if E) whether
22.
26. Just try shooting at bullet-proof glass ----.
A) to have maintained B) maintaining
A) but you can stand a few meters away
C) having maintained D) to be maintained
B) if you want to be quite sure that it really is bullet
E) to maintain proof
D) less E) least
B) if a pipeline is laid across Iran B) who continue to travel around the world
transferring technology
C) before it can be pumped into tankers
C) who had built railroads and dams across
D) which would also pass through Georgia America
E) as a great deal of diplomacy would be required D) as engineering problems can attract worldwide
interest
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be halted
28. Their latest digital radio is supplied with a pair of 30. Although global warming was outside the
active speakers ----. parameters of their study, ----.
A) if the number keys have been moved to the A) countries with high gasoline prices are more
sides innovative in the field of personal transportation
vehicles
B) that an FM radio is fitted into its compact
dimensions B) battery-powered electric vehicles would not have
been disregarded
C) though the screen itself seemed to be touch-
sensitive C) fossil fuel consumption habits will have to be
curtailed
D) so you don’t have to plug it into an amplifier
D) for the present the focus is on the efficient use of
E) how the graphic display shows the programme fossil fuels
you are listening to
E) it is nevertheless a fact that should have been
faced
E) faster techniques were called for 35. Because each leaf is characteristic of the plant
on which it grows, ----.
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kimsenin farketmediği iki tür denizatının yaşa-
makta olduğunu gösteriyor. D) Entropi hem sıcaklık ve basınç gibi fiziksel özel-
likler arasındadır hem de bir sistemin durgun
C) Đngiltere’nin çevresindeki sularda iki tür denizatı- “denge”ye ne kadar ulaştığını belirlemede yar-
nın yaşadığını ilk kez ortaya çıkaran on yıllık ça- dımcıdır.
lışma bu türlerin hiç farkedilmediğini belirtiyor.
E) Sistemlerin durgun” denge”ye ulaşıp
D) On yıllık çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre Đngilte- ulaşmadığını ölçen entropinin sıcaklık ve
re’nin çevresindeki sularda hiç kimsenin bilme- basınçla ortak olan yanı, fiziksel bir özellik
diği iki tür denizatının yaşamakta olduğu bildiri- olmasıdır.
liyor.
C) Göze tek ışık noktası gibi görünen yıldızlara te- C) Contrary to what scientists used to think, recent
leskopla bakıldığında çoğunun çift olduğu göz- research suggests that a major earthquake may
lenir. considerably affect the timing and location of
subsequent earthquakes.
D) Yıldızlar çıplak gözle bakıldığında tek ışık nokta-
sı gibi algılansa da teleskopla bakıldığında aslın- D) Recent research suggests that a major
da çift olduğu görülür. earthquake may influence the time and place of
subsequent earthquakes though this has not
E) Her ne kadar yıldızlar göze tek ışık noktası gibi been the traditional view of scientists.
görünse de pek çoğunun teleskopla bakıldığında
çift olduğu ortaya çıkar. E) Scientists used to think that one large
earthquake had no notable influence on the
timing or location of the next one but recent
research suggests this may not be the case.
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D) It is because they are exactly the same size and
distance from the Sun that Earth and Venus are A) On the other hand, PCBs may be carried by
known as the twin planets. wind to cold countries where they condense out
in the cold air
E) By the twin planets we mean Earth and Venus
which are nearly the same size and are B) Indeed, soils in temperate lands have captured
equidistant from the Sun. most of the PCBs so far released into the
environment
E) Scientists specializing in happenings deep within D) It is unrealistic of such agencies to expect these
Earth’s core have, for a long time, suspected a programmes to deliver useful tools and
relationship between them and vertical changes applications rapidly
at the surface.
E) The foundation has chosen disciplines that are
already acknowledged as “growth” areas in
science
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people
D) This is because the solar system is the only
known example of a planetary system E) Coal treatment and refining processes are rightly
getting a lot of attention as well
E) The dust particles probably result from collisions
among asteroids
47. Roy:
- If you haven’t already read this account of
Philip Morrison, make sure you do.
45. Isaac Newton presented the earliest scientific
definition of mass in 1687 in his landmark work Michael:
Principium: “The quantity of matter is the - ----
measure of the same arising from its density and
bulk conjointly.” That very basic definition was Roy:
good enough for Newton and other scientists for - That’s what impressed me most. He made
more than 200 years. ----. In recent years, important contributions in quantum
however, the why of mass has become a research electrodynamics among other things, and then
topic in physics. gave courses on physics for poets!
A) The laws of gravity predict that gravity acts on A) Yes, I will. I’ve seen him on TV on several
mass and energy occasions, he’s both charming and amusing.
B) Most people think they know what mass is, but B) Yes, I intend to. What was it that impressed you?
actually they understand only a very small part of
what it entails C) I’ve already done so. The range of his interests
and activities is amazing.
C) Fundamental particles have an intrinsic mass
known as their rest mass D) Did you realize he was an assembler of the first
atomic bomb?
D) Energy and mass are related, as described by
Einstein’s famous equation, E=mc2 E) Of course. I was his student, you know, at
Cornell University.
E) They understood that science should proceed
first by describing how things work and later by
understanding why
Philip: Robert:
- Yes, I suppose it is. It’s updated weekly and - That’s hard to say. I suppose really it will
well-linked to related websites. depend on the kind of emergency that presents
itself.
Gary:
- ---- Sam:
- ----
Philip:
- That’s hard to say. So many scientific “facts” Robert:
are being questioned these days. - Actually, the colour is a survival feature too. It
makes a search for the crew easier.
A) Is it university-owned?
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A) It reminds one of science-fiction films, with
B) Does it keep up with recent developments? everything neatly planned.
C) What’s the level? College stuff? B) It seems a bit like a game to me. The suits are a
brilliant orange colour.
D) From a scientific point of view, how reliable is it?
C) The antigravity suit squeezes the legs to prevent
E) Does it cover all the sciences? blood from pooling in them.
49. Brian:
- Have you read this book, Water Follies?
51. Larry:
Peter: - They’re holding a young designers’ competition
- No I haven’t; but I’ve heard a lot about it. It for designing a robot to put out a house fire.
focuses on how much water is being wasted,
doesn’t it? Tony:
- I think you mean to blow out a candle!
Brian:
- ---- Larry:
- ----
Peter:
- Good! It’s time someone took a firm stand Tony:
against the waste. - But you are right. The final aim is, of course, to
put out house fires.
A) That’s right. And it’s pretty critical of man for
being so unconcerned about this waste. A) Well, at this stage, that’s all they’re asking for.
B) No. It actually concentrates on ground water. B) Do you think they ever will?
C) Yes. Most people seem to think ground water is C) That shouldn’t be too difficult. The real problem
boundless. is to locate the fire.
D) And the gold-mining industry is attacked for its D) If it could set off an alarm even, that would be
vast “dewatering” operations. useful, wouldn’t it?
E) And the consequences include dry rivers and E) Once a fire takes hold it becomes a major
land subsidence. problem.
10
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commerce will be a thing of the past.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
11
How have terrestrial organisms met the environmental A) is far more extensive in temperate climates than
challenges of living on land? Life began in the oceans, in colder ones
but many life forms have since adapted to terrestrial
life in a sea of air. Every single organism living on land B) results from the variety of ways whereby
has to meet the same environmental challenges: organisms meet environmental challenges
obtaining enough water; preventing excessive water C) is related to plants rather than other organisms
loss; getting enough energy; and in polar regions,
tolerating widely varying temperature extremes. How D) becomes far more apparent in spring than
those challenges are met varies from one organism to in winter
another, and in large part explains the diversity of life E) must be maintained through the
encountered on land today. Some animals avoid conservation of the environment
colder temperatures by migrating to warmer climates
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for the winter, whereas others avoid the cold by
passing the winter in a dormant state called
hibernation. Many plants also spend winter in a
dormant state. The aerial parts of some plants die
during the winter, but the underground parts remain
alive; the following spring they resume metabolic
activity and develop new aerial shoots. Many trees 59. One can understand from the passage that, for
are deciduous; that is, they shed their leaves for the deciduous trees, the shedding of leaves ----.
duration of their dormancy. Shedding leaves is
actually an adaptation to the “dryness” of winter. Roots A) increases the amount of water loss, which is a
cannot absorb water from ground that is cold or serious environmental challenge
frozen; by shedding its leaves the plant reduces water
loss during the cold winter months when obtaining B) increases their metabolic activity throughout
water from the soil is impossible. winter
A) in warm regions find it very hard to tolerate 60. It is clear from the passage that, for some
extreme temperatures animals, migration ----.
B) in polar regions live out the winter through A) and hibernation are equally viable options
hibernation
B) is comparatively easy
C) face the danger of extinction due to
environmental challenges C) is indispensable for survival
D) have, one way or another, adapted themselves D) causes a great deal of energy loss
to environmental conditions
E) involves various environmental challenges
E) are most adversely affected by excessive water
loss and cold temperatures
12
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devices”, which use vibrations to convey information.
His latest project is a vest studded all over with small
discs that can each vibrate independently. In a test
room, a pilot is strapped into a seat in a “cockpit”. At the
push of a button, the lights go out and the chair starts
spinning. After a while the chair is stopped. “He’ll think
he’s spinning the other way now”, says Van Veen. The
pilot is told to correct the spin, but instead, he
overcorrects massively, and the chair begins spinning
63. We understand from the passage that the Dutch
again. In the next test, the pilot dons van Veen’s vest
research centre, the TNO, ----.
and is told that the patch of the vest that is vibrating will
indicate the direction he should force the joystick to A) works in very close association with the Dutch
correct a spin. This time, when the chair stops spinning armed forces
the pilot manages to keep the seat still. Van Veen thinks
the vibrotactile vest could do more than save the lives of B) oversees all major research projects being
fighter pilots. He’s now working on linking the system to carried out in the country
a GPS receiver so that tourists in a foreign city or blind
people in an unfamiliar environment can use the vest C) has put a lot of pressure on van Veen to extend
to find their way around. the uses of vibrotactile devices
61. It is clear from the passage that the vibrotactile 64. It is clear from the passage that van Veen’s
vest ----. immediate purpose in developing the vibrotactile
vest is to ----.
A) has contributed significantly to environmental
research A) help fighter pilots to calculate their course more
accurately
B) could be developed to serve a variety of
purposes B) warn pilots in advance that a spin is building up
C) has been in use in military aviation for many C) help the blind find their way about
decades
D) make it possible to reduce the amount of fuel
D) is the product of an expensive research project used by aircraft
undertaken by the Dutch military
E) enable fighter pilots to get over the effects of a
E) could be used to transmit secret military spin and thus, avoid a crash
information
13
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decided to apply them to the mystery of comets. By catastrophes with reference to gravitational laws
studying records of their appearance, Halley argued
that the bright comets of 1456, 1531, 1607 and 1682
were in fact one comet, later known as the “Halley”
comet, that followed a vast elliptical orbit around the
Sun in agreement with Newton’s laws. But Halley
noted something else as well: a comet crossing the
orbit of the Earth might one day collide with us with
devastating consequences.
D) convinced Halley that catastrophes were in fact B) was particularly interested in the movements of
acts of divine intervention comets
E) were dismissed right away by the scientific C) consistently banned any research into cosmic
establishment of his time events
14
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human evolution to proceed on dry land. Is the
persistence of high- standing continents just an
accident? How did Earth’s complicated crust come
into existence? Has it been there all the time, like
some primeval icing on a planetary cake, or has it
evolvedthrough the ages? Such questions engendered
debates that divided scientists for many decades, but
the fascinating story of how the terrestrial surface
came to take its present form is now partly resolved.
That understanding shows, remarkably enough, that
the conditions required to form the continents of Earth 71. The passage calls Earth the “blue planet”
may be unmatched in the rest of the solar system. to underline the fact that ----.
D) the formation of the continents of Earth may D) depend for their living more on the sea than on
have no parallel elsewhere in the solar system the land
E) the growing pollution of the oceans is causing a E) probably have a better perception of the reality
great deal of concern among scientists of Earth than the majority of us
15
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argument that a small orbital space plane would cost contributed to space research
relatively little to design and develop — the equivalent
of just two shuttle flights.
16
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the government, because at this time most
manufacturing was focused on the war effort. There D) are of two types: mains and battery-powered
are also plenty of modern day transistor radios
including a collection of novelty radios dating from E) were costly products and the government
the sixties and seventies. disapproved of them
17
1. E 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. E 9. D 10. B
11. C 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. E 16. B 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. E
21. D 22. E 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. C 30. E
31. D 32. B 33. A 34. E 35. C 36. B 37. E 38. B 39. E 40. C
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41. A 42. D 43. A 44. D 45. E 46. B 47. C 48. D 49. A 50. B
51. A 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. B 56. C 57. D 58. B 59. E 60. C
61. B 62. A 63. D 64. E 65. C 66. B 67. E 68. A 69. D 70. E
71. D 72. E 73. C 74. B 75. A 76. D 77. B 78. E 79. D 80. A
18
A) creativity B) credibility
C) sustainability D) conductivity
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E) respectability
C) comprehensive D) regrettable
E) forceful
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10. The reason why the moon doesn’t orbit the Sun is
7. The Proctor Prize ---- annually since 1950 to an
because the Earth is also ---- towards the Sun,
outstanding scientist who ---- known for effective
and so the two ---- through space together.
communication of complex ideas.
A) going to pull / will have been moving
A) was being presented / is being
B) having been pulled / moved
B) was presented / had been
C) pulling / were moving
C) would be presented / will be
D) to pull / move
D) had been presented / has been
E) being pulled / are moving
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E) has been presented / is
9. Individuals who ---- that animals ---- feelings are 12. Exploration of the Arctic began with the search
usually accused of anthropomorphism, or ---- the Northwest Passage as a short cut ---- the
ascribing human traits to nonhuman beings. Far East.
D) claim / have
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13. Roger Revelle’s calculations about what happens
16. Being a scientist does not prevent one from
to the carbon dioxide released ---- the burning of
participating in other fields of human endeavour,
fossil fuels were correct ---- showing that much of
---- being an artist does not prevent one from
it would end up in the sea.
practising science.
A) from / with B) by / in C) to / by
A) so far as B) rather than C) so that
D) in / for E) through / about
D) as well as E) just as
E) whether
D) but E) nor
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19. – 23. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numa- 24. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun
ralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
ifadeyi bulunuz.
24. Though there were daunting technical obstacles
We can certainly hear external sounds while we are about the Channel Tunnel to be overcome, ----.
dreaming. Otherwise, a dreamer couldn’t be (19) ----
by shouting. Around 40 to 50 per cent (20) ---- A) the bridge has never been completed
dreams also contain sounds, while touch, smell, taste
and pain are present in a (21) ---- smaller percentage B) these are not nearly as worrying as the costs
of dreams. Sounds occurring near a sleeper (22) ---- involved
is already dreaming can be incorporated into the
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dream. However, the sounds (23) ---- will not cause C) England and France were eventually linked by
the sleeper to dream. an under-sea railway
19.
A) ensured B) awakened
C) heard D) embarrassed
E) calmed
20.
A) by B) to C) for D) of E) in
D) when E) how
23.
A) which B) themselves
C) of whom D) whatever
E) itself
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26. ---- that seemingly obsolete methods can still
29. Unless all countries in the developed world
work well.
reduce their fossil fuel consumption drastically,
A) The discovery delighted them ----.
B) The procedures are used for fabricating A) problems relating to global warming are far too
electronic devices numerous
C) The problem with copper was B) this was not enough to improve fuel efficiency
D) The lesson to be learned from this positive result C) the price of petrol rises steadily
is
D) there have been major innovations in personal
transportation vehicles
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E) An ingenious solution to the problem emerged
E) the negative consequences of global warming
will increase
E) newer proposals may cut the price by half A) who went out into the field to dig up fossils
28. Once the wind had reached the critical threshold E) which caused the extinction of the dinosaurs
of 94 miles per hour, ----.
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31. ----, scientists can trace their common ancestral
34. The early Arctic explorers could locate
genetic connections.
themselves by looking at the stars ----.
A) It is only in the past 20 years, however
A) for the purpose of using the most accurate
B) Whatever tools and cognitive skills the emigrants compasses available
had taken with them
B) that they worked out the latitude by using
C) Though she was not the only woman alive at the sextants
time
C) since longitude is difficult to determine
D) When many different populations are studied
D) as long as they could determine the exact time
through a comparison of genetic markers
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E) despite matching celestial observations to
E) Since the only clues were the sparsely scattered
certain points in time
bones and artefacts our ancestors left behind
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36. – 38. sorularda, verilen Đngilizce cümleye
38. Contrary to popular belief, it is not Earth’s
anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. magnetic field that shields people on the ground
from cosmic rays, but rather the bulk of the
36. Chemistry, as a field of study based on scientific atmosphere.
principles, came into being in the latter part of
the eighteenth century. A) Yeryüzündeki insanları kozmik ışınlardan atmos-
ferin değil daha çok yerkürenin manyetik alanı-
A) Bilimsel ilkelere dayalı bir çalışma alanı olarak nın koruduğu, yaygın bir yanlış inançtır.
kimya, on sekizinci yüzyılın son bölümünde orta-
ya çıkmıştır. B) Halkın inandığından farklı olarak, yeryüzündeki
insanları yalnız atmosferin kalınlığı değil yer-
B) Çok öncelerden beri var olan kimya, on sekizinci kürenin manyetik alanı da kozmik ışınlardan
korumaktadır.
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yüzyılın son bölümünde bilimsel ilkelere dayalı
bir çalışma alanı olarak gelişmiştir.
C) Yaygın inancın tersine, yerküre kozmik ışınlar-
C) On sekizinci yüzyılın son bölümüne doğru ortaya dan kendi manyetik alanından çok atmosferin
çıkan kimya, bilimsel ilkelere dayalı bir çalışma kalınlığı sayesinde korunabilmektedir.
alanıdır.
D) Yaygın inancın tersine, yeryüzündeki insanları
D) Bilimsel ilkelere dayalı bir çalışma alanı olan kozmik ışınlardan koruyan, yerkürenin manyetik
kimya, on sekizinci yüzyılın son bölümünde alanı değil daha çok atmosferin kalınlığıdır.
gelişmesini tamamlamıştır.
E) Yeryüzünü çevreleyen kalın atmosferin yanı sıra
E) On sekizinci yüzyılın son bölümünde ortaya yerin manyetik alanının da insanları kozmik ışın-
çıkan bilimsel ilkelere dayalı çalışma alanla- lardan koruduğuna yaygın olarak inanılmaktadır.
rından biri kimyadır.
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40. Bilgisayarların enerji ihtiyacını azaltmaya yönelik
stratejilerin bazıları, otomobillerde yakıt tasarru- 42. – 46. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parça-
funu sağlamak için alınan önlemlere benzemek- nın anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getiri-
tedir. lebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.
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efficiency in automobiles. A) Certainly, engineers benefit from scientific theory
C) Some of the strategies for reducing the energy B) Early in human history, there were no formal
demands of computers are similar to measures schools to teach engineering
taken to ensure the fuel economy of
automobiles. C) This approach resulted in some remarkable
accomplishments
D) In order to reduce the energy needs of
computers, certain strategies resembling the D) In a sense, all humans are engineers
measures recommended to provide fuel
E) Sometimes a solution is required before the
efficiency in automobiles are being used.
theory can catch up to the practice
E) The energy needs of computers can easily be
reduced by implementing some of the strategies
recommended for providing fuel efficiency in
automobiles.
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44. ----. The dimension of length may be described by
46. Replication is not the only way to improve
units of metres, feet, inches, and so forth. Thus,
accuracy in scientific experimentation. ----.
dimension is an abstract idea, whereas unit is
Blocking is a method of experimental design that
more specific.
reduces the effects of chance errors; modelling,
on the other hand, is much less familiar to
A) The metre is currently defined by the distance
practicing scientists.
light traverses in a given length of time
B) Any measuring system must establish base units A) Accordingly, most scientists try to develop new
from which all other units are derived and more reliable methods
C) For units of measure to be useful, they must be B) Scientific data always contain a mixture of signal
standardized so that business transactions are and noise; the scientist’s job is to find the signal
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unambiguous
C) Two other strategies, called blocking and
modelling, can provide at least one replication’s
D) The metre was first defined in 1793 by dividing
worth of accuracy at almost no cost
the “quadrant of meridian” into 10 million parts
D) Replication is one of the finest ideas in the
E) The distinction between dimension and unit is
best understood by example history of science, but it faces a severe law of
diminishing returns
45. If you have ever burned your finger on a metal 47. Michelle :
pot while waiting for the water in it to boil, you - It says here that the Russian Space Agency has
know that water heats up much more slowly than developed a new alternative to NASA’s space
metal. In fact, because of hydrogen bonding, shuttle.
water has a better ability to resist temperature
change than most other substances. ----. Don :
- ----
A) Because of this property, Earth’s giant water
supply moderates temperatures, keeping them Michelle :
within limits that permit life - Kliper, and it seems that it has gained a lot of
interest from the European Space Agency and
B) Temperature and heat are related, but different Japan.
C) Another way water moderates temperatures is
Don :
by evaporative cooling
- Well, let’s hope they get enough money to get it
D) At 66% of your body weight, water helps off the ground.
moderate your internal temperature
A) Well it’s high time somebody did so.
E) Water must absorb an unusually large amount of
B) Oh? What’s it called? Has it drawn any scientific
heat in order to vaporize because its hydrogen
attention?
bonds tend to hold the molecules in place
C) I wonder if it will be reliable.
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48. Andrew :
50. Alan :
- This book is about the early history of the - From music sets to cell phones they’re making
computer and the Internet. everything smaller and smaller. But how?
Mark : Joe :
- ---- - It’s partly due to miniaturized electronics, but
they’re making the motors smaller, too.
Andrew :
- Actually it is. It places them firmly into the Alan :
social background of the period. - ----
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A) Weren’t early computers more or less Joe :
typewriters? - No; the physics principles remain the same.
The key is design and manufacturing ingenuity.
B) Obviously, much research has gone into it.
A) Are the new, smaller motors very different from
C) All I know about early computers is that they earlier ones?
were incredibly large.
B) Is it true that MP3 players usually have two
D) That doesn’t sound very interesting to me! motors?
E) It’s hard to imagine life without either of them, C) Do they still turn on small ball or cylinder
isn’t it? bearings?
49. Pam :
- I can’t understand how anyone could ever 51. Hector :
dream of constructing a bridge to join so - This article talks about a double-blind test for
distant an island to the mainland. new medication.
Sarah : Val :
- ---- - ----
Pam : Hector :
- Really? What? - Well, it refers to a type of scientific testing in
which neither the subjects nor the
Sarah : experimenters know the makeup of the test and
- One day, roughly 150 children were drowned control group during the actual course of the
when the boat taking them to school was experiments.
wrecked by storms.
Val :
A) It must have cost those who designed it a lot of - I guess that’s the best way to prevent anyone
sleepless nights! affecting the outcome of the experiment.
B) The length is one problem; the weight a more A) I’ve already read it.
serious one.
B) Did you enjoy reading it?
C) It makes one wonder if anything is impossible!
C) What kind of medication?
D) It’s an amazing engineering achievement!
D) I think all medication should be thoroughly tested
E) They had a very compelling reason for doing so. before doctors prescribe it.
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52. – 56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okun-
55. (I) With shipping predicted to increase threefold
duğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan within the next 30 years, there are plans for a zero-
cümleyi bulunuz. emissions ferry. (II) It will catch the wind through
computer-controlled sails covered by solar cells to
52. (I) With the advent of relativity theory, the physicist generate extra electricity. (III) The vessel will have a
Max Born was the first to develop a relativistic theory main hull surrounded by four side hulls, cutting drag.
of the rigid electron. (II) The theory brought him into (IV) This will also eliminate the need for ballast water,
contact with Albert Einstein, first in 1909 and later which can have a negative environmental impact.
during World War I. (III) He and Einstein were to (V) Shipping is one of the cheaper ways of
remain close friends. (IV) Studies in nuclear physics transporting goods across the vast oceans of our
have had a pattern of staggering progress. (V) Their planet.
th
correspondence is one of the treasures of 20 -
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
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century history.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
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57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre 58. It is pointed out in the passage that ----.
cevaplayınız.
A) there are no similarities at all between different
Over billions of years, life has evolved into a species
spectacular diversity of forms – more than a million
species presently exist. For each, the source of its B) the combinations of proteins in living beings
uniqueness is the particular combination of proteins have yet to be fully identified
found within its cells. Yet in the midst of this diversity,
the similarities between living things are profound. C) the cause of the variety between species cannot
For example, although the fruit fly genome encodes be understood
about 14,000 different proteins, and humans have
D) the evolution of life on earth has taken a very,
two to three times that number, many proteins are
very long period of time
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still recognizably similar in sequence and task,
reflecting their common ancestry. In fact, when E) the various species do not share a common
scientists have put human disease genes into flies, origin
they often cause the same symptoms in the insects
as they do in people. Furthermore, addition of a
normal human gene can sometimes compensate for
the deletion of the same gene from the fly.
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61. – 64. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
62. It is clear from the passage that solid carbon
cevaplayınız.
dioxide “snow” ----.
Carbon dioxide (CO2), like water and most other pure A) is the only form that solid CO2 usually takes
substances, exists in solid, liquid, and gaseous states under normal pressures
and can undergo changes from one state to another.
Solid CO2, however, has an interesting property: at B) is very effective in refrigeration if it is used in
normal pressures, it passes directly to the gaseous large quantities
state without first melting to the liquid state. This
property, together with the fact that this change C) has almost the same properties as dry ice
occurs at -78°C, makes solid CO2 useful for keeping although it leaves liquid residue on objects,
materials very cold. Because solid CO2 cools other making it a poor regrigerant
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objects and does not leave a liquid residue, it is
D) is formed when the compressed gas obtained
called “dry ice”. As for liquid CO2, it is obtained by
from the evaporation of liquid CO2 expands and,
putting carbon dioxide gas under pressure. When
hence, rapidly cools
liquid CO2 evaporates, it absorbs large quantities of
heat, cooling as low as -57°C. Because of this E) turns into liquid CO2 when it absorbs heat and,
property, it is often used as a refrigerant. If the consequently, melts
compressed gas from the evaporating CO2 liquid is
allowed to expand through a valve, the rapidly cooled
vapour forms solid carbon dioxide “snow”. This CO2
snow is compacted into blocks and is the source of
dry ice.
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65. – 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre 66. The passage, as a whole, ----.
cevaplayınız.
A) shows the superiority of seeds to spores as a
The primary means of reproduction and dispersal for reproductive method for plants
Earth’s most successful plants is seeds, which
develop from the female gametophyte and its B) focuses on spores and their advantages as a
associated tissues. Seed plants show the greatest reproductive method for plants
evolutionary complexity in the plant kingdom and are
C) describes the evolutionary complexity of seeds
the dominant plants in most terrestrial environments.
Seeds are reproductively superior to spores for three D) stresses the similarities between seeds and
main reasons. First, a seed contains a multicellular, spores
well-developed young plant with embryonic root,
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stem, and leaves already formed, whereas a spore is E) explains the differences in nourishment between
a single cell. Second, a seed contains a food supply. seeds and spores
After germination, the plant embryo is nourished by
food stored in the seed until it becomes self-
sufficient. Because a spore is a single cell, few food
reserves exist for the plant that develops from a
spore. Third, a seed is protected by a resistant seed
coat. Like spores, seeds can live for extended
periods of time at reduced rates of metabolism,
germinating when conditions become favourable.
65. It can be understood from the passage that ----. D) they are both protected by a hard covering
A) seeds cannot be dispersed as easily as spores E) they both have multicellular structures
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69. – 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
70. We understand from the passage that, for most
cevaplayınız.
scientists, ----.
The most common view among scientists is that A) logical reasoning is as essential as experiment
mathematics and physics are quite different. Physics and observation in any scientific study
describes the universe and depends on experiment
and observation. The particular laws that govern our B) mathematics and physics are the two fields of
universe, such as Newton’s laws of motion, must be science which have similar scientific concerns
determined empirically and then asserted like axioms and are, hence, interdependent
that cannot be logically proved, merely verified.
Mathematics, on the other hand, is somehow C) mathematics, like physics, is also indispensable
independent of the universe. Results and theorems, for a scientific study of the universe
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such as the properties of the integers and real
D) the Newtonian laws have completely altered
numbers, do not depend in any way on the particular
man’s perception of the universe
nature of reality in which we find ourselves.
Mathematical truths would be true in any universe. E) physics is essentially empirical, whereas
mathematics is not
E) states facts about the universe that are taken for 72. It is clear from the passage that any information
granted physics reveals about our universe cannot be
valid ----.
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73. – 76. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
74. According to the passage, in order for humans to
cevaplayınız.
live permanently on the moon, ----.
The entire future of human space exploration rests A) the frigid polar areas would first need to be
on a patch of lunar ice. For the past two years NASA artificially heated
has focused on designing a new crew vehicle and
launch system that could return astronauts to the B) NASA needs to first prove the existence of water
moon by 2018. The agency’s ultimate goal is to ice there
establish a permanent lunar base and use it for a
human mission to Mars. But the grand plan depends C) NASA must first prepare a human mission to
on a risky prediction that NASA will find water ice in a Mars
permanently shadowed crater basin at one of the
D) NASA must remove the plentiful ice deposits at
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moon’s poles. Plentiful ice deposits would be an
the poles
asset for lunar colonists, who could use the water for
life support or convert it to hydrogen and oxygen E) water must be carried there by the two orbiters,
rocket fuel. And two orbiters sent to the moon in the Clementine and Lunar Prospector
1990s, Clementine and Lunar Prospector, found
evidence of ice in perpetually shadowed polar areas
where consistently frigid temperatures would
preserve the water carried to the moon by comet and
meteorite impacts. But some scientists have disputed
Clementine’s radar data, and the anomalous neutron
emissions observed by Lunar Prospector could have
been caused by atomic hydrogen in the lunar soil 75. It is pointed out in the passage that Clementine
instead of ice. and Lunar Prospector ----.
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77. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
78. It is understood from the passage that further
cevaplayınız.
research must be carried out ----.
Despite bacteria’s presence in all parts of the planet, A) because the previous research was not
their diversity in the world’s soils is poorly conducted properly
understood. To better understand what makes the
organisms thrive, Duke University researchers B) in order to find other indicators of diversity in
trekked far and wide to collect a few centimetres of bacterial species
dirt as samples from 98 locations across North and
South America, then analyzed each sample for C) so that all the bacterial species of North and
genetic variation. To their surprise, the strongest South America can be identified
predictor of high diversity was neutral pH. The acidic
D) to determine exactly the genetic variations of
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soil of the Peruvian Amazon, for example, harboured
bacterial species
far fewer bacterial species than did the neutral dirt of
the arid American Southwest. “There are a lot of E) so that scientists can increase the diversity of
variables that didn’t turn out to be very important,” bacterial species
says the researcher Robert Jackson, who adds that a
more complete search for different habitats might
turn up other stimulators of diversity, such as carbon
abundance.
TEST BĐTTĐ.
11. C 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. A 16. E 17. D 18. E 19. B 20. D
21. C 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. E 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. E 30. A
31. D 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. B 36. A 37. E 38. D 39. B 40. C
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41. A 42. D 43. B 44. E 45. A 46. C 47. B 48. D 49. E 50. A
51. E 52. D 53. B 54. C 55. E 56. C 57. A 58. D 59. B 60. E
61. A 62. D 63. B 64. D 65. E 66. A 67. B 68. C 69. D 70. E
71. B 72. D 73. C 74. B 75. E 76. C 77. D 78. B 79. A 80. D
18
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5. In recent years, carbon dioxide (CO2), a naturally
1. – 18. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yer- occurring greenhouse gas, has been ---- as a
lere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulu- result of activities such as the burning of fossil
nuz. fuels and deforestation.
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A) disturbance B) hesitation E) reaching up
C) encouragement D) dedication
E) spectacle
B) is rewound / will be
A) denounce B) pressurize
C) empower D) evade
E) speculate
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11. Until recently, some scientists ---- that many
8. Scientists who ---- alert the world to the existence
individuals of the same species ---- specific tasks
of a hole in the stratospheric ozone layer recently
better than the same number of individuals from
reported that this feature of the atmosphere ----
different species.
widening soon.
A) will think / are performing
A) help / would stop
B) were thinking / will perform
B) have helped / might have stopped
C) think / ought to perform
C) helped / may stop
D) had thought / would be performing
D) will help / might stop
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E) thought / could perform
E) had helped / has stopped
10. Today one third of the carbon dioxide (CO2) given 13. The Weddell seal can swim under the ice ---- a
off by burning fossil fuels ---- the oceans, thus ---- depth of 500 metres ---- more than an hour
their naturally alkaline pH. without coming up for air.
A) is entering / reduces A) to / between B) in / during
B) enters / reducing C) at / for D) on / through
C) had entered / will reduce E) with / about
D) will enter / reduced
C) Despite D) In addition to Among the earliest events in fruit fly development are
those that determine which end of the egg cell will
E) Contrary to become the head and which end will become the tail.
These events (19) ---- in the ovaries of the mother fly
and involve communication between an unfertilized
egg cell and the cells next to it. One of the first genes
activated in the egg cell produces a protein that
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leaves the egg cell and signals neighbouring follicle
15. The theory posits that Earth’s climate changes cells. Then these follicle cells (20) ---- to turn on
---- cyclic variations in the way it orbits the sun. genes for other proteins, which signal back to the
egg cell. One of the egg cell’s responses is to
A) in place of B) in case of localize a specific type of mRNA at one end of the
cell. This mRNA marks the end of the egg (21) ----
C) so as to D) in view of
the fly’s head will develop, and thus defines the fly’s
E) as a result of head-to-tail axis. (22) ----, other egg cell genes direct
the positioning (23) ---- the top-to-bottom and side-to-
side axes.
19.
16. Life on Earth would be impossible without water,
---- all life forms, from bacteria to plants and A) instruct B) dispel C) embrace
animals, contain it.
D) identify E) occur
A) since B) even so
C) unless D) that
20.
E) when
A) will be stimulated B) stimulate
E) are stimulating
17. Obtaining nutrients is of ---- vital importance ----
both individual organisms and ecosystems are
structured around the central theme of nutrition,
the process of taking in and using food. 21.
E) either / or
22.
18. Butterflies have some characteristics that are ---- C) Nevertheless D) Despite this
for professional scientists to understand ----
amateur enthusiasts. E) As a result
C) about D) of
E) at
24. Long before Linnaeus established his system for A) sugar can contribute to nutrient deficiencies only
th by displacing nutrients
naming plants in the 18 century, ----.
A) around the world, orchids have long been B) the body uses glucose to meet its energy
symbols of fertility and potency as in the Greek requirements, fills its glycogen stores to
legend of Orchis capacity, and may still have some left over
B) the common names of flowers should be highly C) researchers agree that unusually high doses of
evocative or imaginative refined sugar can alter blood lipids to favour
heart disease
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C) early attempts at growing orchids had consisted
of placing plants in pots filled with a thick mixture D) high-fibre foods not only add bulk to the diet, but
of rotting wood and leaves are economical and nutritious
D) many Amazonian orchids are referred to locally E) a high-fat diet raises the risks of heart disease,
as “monkey love-potions” some types of cancer, hypertension, diabetes
and obesity
E) people throughout the world called plants by
their own inventive names
C) meanwhile, fuel crops had increased in value C) Scientists are researching new methods to
overcome the difficulties of gene therapy
D) the energy balance of today’s ethanol is positive
D) A human gene is composed of two sets of 23
E) 75 million gallons of biodiesel and 4 billion chromosomes
gallons of ethanol were made last year
E) Our computers and other electronic devices
typically have their software updated every few
months
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D) just as biological researchers have often
attempted to explain psychological principles in E) by making insulin work better in moving glucose
terms of biological ones into muscle
E) and so cognitive science and cultural psychology
are further examples of this phenemenon
D) Because one wants to understand how negative E) which scientists have only recently begun to
refraction can arise understand
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B) Çoğu bilim adamı, Amerika’da Louisiana’nın sa- C) Eğer fosil yakıtlı enerji santralleri tüm dünyada
hil bölgelerinde çok büyük hasara neden olan hemen kapatılabilse, küresel sıcaklık ancak elli
Katrina kasırgasının, küresel ısınmayla açıkça yıl daha yükselmeye devam eder.
bağlantılı olduğu görüşündedir.
D) Fosil yakıt kullanan enerji santralleri yarın tüm
C) Pek çok bilim adamına göre küresel ısınmayla dünyada kapatılsaydı, küresel sıcaklığın artması
açıkça bağlantılı olan Katrina kasırgası, Ameri- sadece elli yıl sürerdi.
ka’da Louisiana kıyılarında çok büyük tahribata
yol açmıştır. E) Dünyadaki tüm fosil yakıtlı enerji santralleri yarın
devreden çıkarılsa bile, küresel sıcaklıklar bir elli
D) Çoğu bilim adamına göre küresel ısınmayla ke- yıl daha yükselmeye devam edecektir.
sin ilişkisi olan Katrina kasırgası, en korkunç et-
kisini Amerika’nın Louisiana sahillerinde göster-
miştir.
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depend on soil, and yet this important resource A) Hippos are led by dominant males, which can
is threatened worldwide by erosion and chemical weigh 6,000 pounds or more
pollution.
B) Agricultural irrigation systems and other
D) Our survival as a species depends on soil, and developments have depleted the hippos’
yet erosion and chemical pollution threaten this wetland, river and lake habitats
vital resource throughout the world.
C) Although hippos occasionally fight with
E) Throughout the world, erosion and chemical crocodiles, a growing number of their attacks are
pollution threaten soil, which, as a vital resource, on humans
is indispensable for our survival.
D) A decade ago there were about 160,000 hippos
in Africa, but the population has dwindled to
between 125,000 and 148,000 today
B) The collision of two galaxies provides the best A) Cayley was a Trinity College fellow at
evidence yet obtained of the invisible dark matter Cambridge for a few years until he married
assumed to dominate the mass of the universe.
B) It isn’t clear when they met, but by 1847 they
C) The only evidence so far of the invisible dark were corresponding to share thoughts about
matter thought to penetrate the mass of the mathematics
universe is provided by the collision of two
galaxies. C) Each had triumphed on the University of
Cambridge’s fearsome Tripos examinations
D) It is from the collision of two galaxies that the
best evidence yet of the invisible dark matter D) Certainly very few have ever heard of A. Cayley
which is assumed to hold together the mass of or J.J. Slyvester, two of the most prolific
the universe has been obtained. mathematicians of the Victorian era
E) The invisible dark matter which is thought to E) J.J. Slyvester was not only a mathematician but
dominate the mass of the universe is best also an enthusiastic poet who called himself the
understood through the evidence provided by “mathematical Adam”
the collision of two galaxies.
B) Can a bridge possibly be designed to last a A) That is, as individuals develop, their choice of
century habitat changes
C) How long did London’s Millennium Bridge stay B) With its prehensile tail and strong, opposing
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open toes, the common chameleon is a natural
climber
D) The Tacoma Narrows Bridge lasted only four
months before it fell to the wind, didn’t it C) Young chameleons showed little change in
behaviour when with other juveniles
E) How long can a bridge last
D) The biologists placed a one-way mirror between
an adult and a juvenile, so that the adult could
see the juvenile but not the other way round
C) Now physicists have assembled a simple system B) Most people have only heard of chemical
for doing just that synapses.
D) A substrate is a substance that reacts when it C) Electrical synapses were first found in crayfish
comes into contact with a particular enzyme in 1957.
E) Amplitude is the square root of intensity D) Yes, chemical and electrical synapses.
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Tim : - No; they looked very carefully, sometimes with
- ---- a magnifying glass or metal detector, to find the
match or other agent that had been used to set
Max : the fire, and then they traced it back to the
- I hope NASA’s taking the proper precautions person. It almost always works.
this time.
A) Have you ever been near a forest fire when it
A) The space telescope is deteriorating because of was burning?
dust and radiation.
B) A fire last August nearly burnt up my aunt’s
B) Well, NASA changed its mind because a robotic home in California. I hope they catch whoever
mission has turned out to be impossible. set that fire, too.
C) Hubble was first launched into space in 1990. C) How could they possibly have done that?
Did you know that? Weren’t all the clues burnt up in the fire?
D) I learned from this article that Edwin Hubble D) How could they find the place where the fire had
was the first astronomer to describe the started?
expansion of the universe.
E) I think people should be very careful with
E) The Hubble telescope has sent back thousands matches or cigarettes when they are in the
of valuable images. I think it’s worth the forest.
mission, don’t you?
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Mike : landmark building might give you a street map
- I think it’s because early mammals were active of the area.
at night, when there’s no ultraviolet light from
the sun, and so they lost the ability, but birds Ryan :
didn’t. - That would be useful if you were lost in a
foreign city.
A) It’s partly because they can see ultraviolet light
wavelengths, while humans can’t. A) I can barely use my mobile to call someone, let
alone to send a picture over the Internet!
B) They need to see better in order to determine
the health of a potential mate. B) Who told you that?
C) It’s impossible for humans to know what birds’ C) What good would that be?
perception of colours is actually like.
D) Oh, another new technology.
D) I think their vision is always strengthened by
ultraviolet light. E) Don’t believe everything you read or see on the
television.
E) Insects can also see ultraviolet wavelengths.
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primates.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
56. (I) Migration is a very precise evolutionary adaptation
to seasonal changes, but the benefits of migration
are not without cost. (II) Many weeks may be spent
each year on energy-demanding journeys. (III) Some
animals may become lost or die along the way.
(IV) Green turtles migrate more than 2,000 kilometres
across open ocean between their feeding area off the
coast of Brazil and their nesting place on Ascension
Island. (V) And migrating individuals are often at
greater risk from predators in unfamiliar areas.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
54. (I) The world’s coral reefs are in trouble.
(II) According to an international consortium of
scientists and volunteers, only 30 per cent of reefs
are healthy now. (III) Modern coral reefs as we know
them have been accumulating since the Holocene
Epoch 10,000 years ago. (IV) US government
agencies, conservation organizations and other
scientists echo the point. (V) A few go so far as to
say that coral reefs in some areas may be doomed.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
During our visit in the summer of 1994 to the A) had suffered extensive chromosomal damage
Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, a region within a 30 km
radius of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, we B) were found to have very high radiation levels in
were amazed by the diversity of mammals living in their bodies
the shadow of the ruined reactor only eight years
after the meltdown. During our excursion through the C) were not affected by the radiation as much as
woods, we trapped some of the local mice for the mice which had been brought in from outside
examination in a makeshift laboratory. We were the Exclusion Zone
surprised to find that, although each mouse
D) were not put in cages by the scientists studying
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registered unprecedented levels of radiation in its
them
bones and muscles, all the animals seemed
physically normal, and many of the females were E) showed less genetic diversity than mice from
carrying normal-looking embryos. We found that the other areas
mice did not have any obvious chromosomal
damage. We wondered whether the absence of
injury could be explained by some sort of adaptive
change, perhaps a more efficient DNA-repair 59. According to the passage, the lack of subsequent
mechanism, after many prior generations had been chromosomal damage in mice brought into the
exposed to radiation. But when we transplanted wild Chernobyl Exclusion Zone from radiation-free
mice from uncontaminated regions into cages in the areas proves that ----.
Exclusion Zone and then examined their
chromosomes, they were likewise unaffected by the A) mammals can suffer the effects of radiation and
radiation. In at least this respect, the mice seemed to still carry a normal embryo
have a natural “immunity” to harm from radiation.
B) the radiation found in the mice native to the
Exclusion Zone had compounded with each new
generation
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analyze soil samples. This mission, scheduled for
solely on solar power
2011, is a challenging one because instruments
operating in shadowed areas cannot use solar E) has already sent a spacecraft there to take
power. The craft could land at a sunlit site and send pictures
a battery-powered vehicle into a dark crater, but the
batteries would quickly die. A radioisotope thermal
generator could provide electricity using heat from
plutonium decay, but NASA is leaning against this
option because it is expensive and controversial.
Another idea under consideration is sending a probe
that could hop from place to place on the lunar
surface by restarting its landing rockets, lifting the 63. It is pointed out in the passage that, since there
craft to 100 metres above its original landing site and may be more ice on one part of the moon’s
moving it to another spot in the crater basin to hunt surface than on another, ----.
for ice. Investigating more than one site is crucial
because the ice may be unevenly distributed. Yet A) a battery-powered vehicle is an essential part of
another alternative would be to fire ground- the probe
penetrating instruments at several places in the
shadowed basin, either from a lander at the crater’s B) facilities which will examine the ice must be built
rim or from an orbiting craft. near larger ice patches
C) NASA will use plutonium decay to provide power B) the hard, rocky surface of the moon
for its newest landing probe
C) lack of government funding for the project
D) the spacecraft that NASA wants to send to the
moon will probably never actually be D) the extremely cold temperatures the probe would
manufactured have to work in
E) NASA plans only to send a probe to orbit the E) that it would not be able to use solar power
moon, not to land on it
Stem cells, unlike all other cells in the body, can copy A) developing human embryonic stem cells based
themselves indefinitely. So-called adult stem cells are on mouse cells
found in many parts of the body, constantly
rejuvenating the brain, remodelling arteries so blood B) embryonic stem cells over adult stem cells
can bypass clogs, and growing new skin to heal
wounds. However, adult stem cells have more limited C) human embryonic stem cells over mouse
power than embryonic stem cells, which can turn into embryonic skin cells
any type of cell in the body. Indeed, scientists are
D) man-made embryonic stem cell lines
hoping that embryonic stem cells could be turned into
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neurons to fix damaged brains, cardiac cells to repair E) adult stem cells when used to rejuvenate the
damaged hearts, or pancreatic cells to create insulin blood
for people with diabetes. Maybe they could even be
used to regenerate whole organs. To date, scientists
worldwide have made more than 100 different human
embryonic cell lines. Still, the existing lines have
serious limitations. Most have been grown on a
lattice of mouse embryonic skin cells for support.
Consequently, the human embryonic cells are
contaminated by mouse cells, and though they’re still
useful for research, they cannot at present be used
to develop therapies for humans.
67. We see from the passage that embryonic stem
cells ----.
C) that there are not enough of them to develop B) are not as well-understood as other types of
therapies useful for treating human diseases cells in our bodies
D) that they are contaminated by the mouse cells C) are always actively engaged in our bodies
upon which they have been grown
D) will someday be used to regenerate whole
E) that they do not produce reliable research results organs
The concentrations of methane (CH4) and carbon A) atmospheric methane levels are no longer rising
dioxide (CO2) gases in the atmosphere have both
risen dramatically since the start of the Industrial B) an increase in tropical thunderstorms may
Revolution. However, unlike its more familiar reduce these carbon dioxide levels
greenhouse-gas cousin, atmospheric methane has
recently stopped increasing in abundance. This C) this rise is expected to level out some time in the
development wasn’t entirely unanticipated, given that next quarter-century
the rate of increase has been slowing for at least a
D) scientists are trying very hard to explain this
quarter-century. The recent stabilization of methane
increase
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levels is something that some scientists are trying
very hard to explain. Methane has many sources. E) they are not evenly distributed
Some are natural, such as wetlands and plants, and
some are the consequences of modern society, such
as landfills and wastewater treatment. Methane is
destroyed principally by its reaction with the hydroxyl
radical (OH) in the lower atmosphere. One theory
about the stabilization of methane levels is that
deforestation has reduced the number of plants
contributing to atmospheric methane. Another idea is
that an increase in the prevalence of tropical
thunderstorms may have raised the amounts of the 71. We understand from the passage that landfills
various nitrogen oxides high in the atmosphere. and wastewater treatment facilities are examples
There, these gases have the side effect of boosting of ----.
the production of OH, which in turn acts to destroy
methane. A) natural sources of carbon dioxide
In 1980, the physicist Luís Alvarez and his son A) caused the fossils of that period to be particularly
Walter advanced a startling theory about the demise easy to extract
of the dinosaurs: that it was caused by forces that
came from beyond this world. They hypothesized B) poisoned the plants and animals living on Earth
that perhaps a meteor impact had ended the age of at that time
the dinosaurs. The primary evidence was that in soil
core samples taken in locations around the globe, C) made the Earth dark and cold for a very long
iridium, a substance very rare on Earth but prevalent time, causing plants and animals to die
on asteroids, had been found in a thin layer of clay
D) did not contain iridium
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separating the fossil-rich rock of the late Cretaceous
period (the end of the dinosaur age) and the sparsely E) formed a very large crater in Mexico when it
fossiled rock of the Tertiary period that followed. The settled
Alvarezes hypothesized that a very large
extraterrestrial object had slammed into the planet,
sending an enormous fireball into the stratosphere,
along with vast amounts of debris. A great cloud of
dust enshrouded Earth, blocking sunlight for months,
even years, and plants and animals perished in the
ensuing cold and dark. When the dust finally settled
back to Earth, it formed the telltale worldwide layer of
iridium in the clay. The scientific world was not
impressed by the theory. Indeed, some scientists 75. We understand from the passage that, by the
scoffed at the Alvarezes’ hypothesis, but in 1990 time of the Tertiary period, ----.
scientists realized that a crater of 112 miles in
diametre in Mexico and dated at 65 million years old A) the dinosaurs had died out
might be evidence that the dinosaurs had indeed
died out due to the effects of a giant meteor. B) forces from beyond this world had invaded the
planet
73. It is clear from the passage that, when the 76. According to the passage, the main proof given
Alvarezes advanced their meteor-impact theory, by Luís and Walter Alvarez of a giant meteor
----. impact that could have destroyed the dinasours
was ----.
A) their focus was mostly on the Tertiary period
A) the fossil-rich rock of the late Cretaceous period
B) it was not a surprising idea
B) a great cloud of dust surrounding Earth
C) they didn’t make use of core samples
C) the 112-mile-wide crater they had discovered
D) few scientists believed them
D) an enormous fireball in the stratosphere
E) there were vast amounts of debris in the
stratosphere E) the presence of iridium in soil all over the world
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kind of underground collision produces molten rock,
D) has made Northern Africa a “hot spot” for
or magma, rich in volatile gases such as sulfur
volcanic activity
dioxide. Under pressure underground, these gases
stay dissolved. But when the magma rises to the E) means that the Mediterranean Sea is slowly
surface, the gases are released. Accordingly, when widening
volcanoes like Vesuvius erupt, they tend to erupt
explosively. To this day, in fact, Vesuvius remains
one of the world’s most dangerous volcanoes; some
3.5 million Italians live in its shadow. Although
monitoring devices are in place to warn of the
volcano’s activity, if there were a major eruption with 79. We understand from the passage that Mount
little warning, there could be a tremendous loss of Vesuvius’s eruptions are usually very explosive
life. because of ----.
77. We see from the passage that although Mount 80. It is clear from the passage that ----.
Vesuvius is a very dangerous volcano ----.
A) Mount Vesuvius is a dying volcano which will
A) it is safe to live nearby because of the monitoring someday cease to erupt
devices that warn of the volcano’s activity
B) the Mediterranean Sea is part of the European
B) many people still live nearby continental plate
C) it is more dangerous than the older volcano that C) the European continental plate will one day
used to be in its place completely cover the African one
D) it does not result from an underground collision D) 3.5 million Italians lost their lives in Vesuvius’s
of continental plates last eruption
E) its eruption would never result in people’s deaths E) there was once a much larger volcano where
Mount Vesuvius is today
TEST BĐTTĐ.
11. E 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. E 16. A 17. B 18. A 19. E 20. C
21. D 22. B 23. D 24. E 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. E 29. D 30. C
31. D 32. A 33. E 34. B 35. E 36. B 37. D 38. E 39. A 40. D
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41. B 42. C 43. D 44. E 45. C 46. A 47. D 48. B 49. C 50. A
51. C 52. D 53. E 54. C 55. E 56. D 57. A 58. B 59. C 60. A
61. B 62. C 63. D 64. E 65. D 66. B 67. D 68. C 69. D 70. A
71. C 72. B 73. D 74. C 75. A 76. E 77. B 78. C 79. D 80. E
A) obligation B) contribution
C) solution D) condition
E) objection
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6. An important aspect of the application of
mathematics is that different ways of making
mathematical sense of everyday questions ----
different answers.
C) vulnerable D) bearable
E) permanent
A) produced B) accelerated
C) disrupted D) released
E) joined
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8. Cosmologists are addressing some of the
11. Sea bindweed Calystegia soldanella ---- a fleshy-
fundamental questions that people ---- to resolve
leaved cousin of the more widespread, white-
over the centuries through philosophical
flowered hedge bindweed (C. sepium) that ----
thinking, but they ---- this based on systematic fences and hedges everywhere in the summer.
observation and quantitative methodology.
A) might be / had clothed
A) would attempt / have done
B) is / clothes
B) attempt / will do
C) should be / has clothed
C) may attempt / did
D) could be / would have clothed
D) attempted / should do
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E) was / can clothe
E) have attempted / are doing
10. From the year 1665, when Robert Hooke ---- cells, 13. The United States government is about to start
monitoring the air ---- major cities for biological
until the middle of the twentieth century,
weapons ---- looking for bacteria and viruses in
biologists ---- only light microscopes for viewing
cells. the air filtres that now monitor pollution.
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14. Comets are thought to have changed very little
over the last 4 billion years, ---- their composition 19. – 23. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numa-
should hold clues to the origin of the solar ralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da
system. ifadeyi bulunuz.
A) but B) whereas
Names and numbers were causing trouble long
C) just as D) in that before the Internet age. Biology had a naming crisis
th th
in the 17 and 18 centuries. The problem wasn’t so
E) so much a shortage of names but an excess of (19) ----.
Plants and animals (20) ---- by many different names
in different places. Then came the great reform of
Carolus Linnaeus and his system of Latin binomials,
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(21) ---- each organism by genus and species. The
new scheme revolutionized taxonomy, not because
15. Robots will never be much good at household there is any magic in Latin or in two-part names, but
tasks such as pouring coffee or polishing shoes because Linnaeus and his (22) ---- laboured to
---- they can calculate their position accurately. preserve a strict one-to-one mapping between
names and organisms. Official codes of
A) since B) when nomenclature continue to enforce this rule – one
name, one species – although rooting out synonyms
C) unless D) so that
and homonyms is a (23) ---- struggle.
E) in case
19.
16. About half of all women over 65 years of age take D) those E) themselves
some type of nutrition supplement, ---- only about
one-fifth of older men do.
E) will be known
21.
17. Coal produces ---- CO2 per energy unit ---- any A) to have been identifying B) identified
other fossil fuel.
C) to have identified D) to be identifying
A) also / as B) more / than
E) identifying
C) such / that D) either / or
E) so / as
22.
A) participants B) followers
C) occupants D) suppliers
18. Every rock, ---- copper-veined, silver-clad, or
black-glazed, tells a story about the Earth as a E) practitioners
whole.
A) both B) also
23.
C) whether D) all
A) constant B) primary
E) that
C) rapid D) similar
E) partial
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24. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun
27. ---- when they are exposed to higher than normal
şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
temperatures.
24. Shortly after the Golden Gate Bridge was opened, A) Recent climate warming is associated with
----. genetic change
A) some aesthetic and artistic concerns may have B) Recent global warming might already be driving
dominated the visual design of the bridge such changes
C) its roadway proved to be overly flexible under D) Some organisms undergo genetic change
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certain wind conditions
E) Weather records for the same periods and
D) the design of the bridge’s towers was tested on locations are studied
scale models, and construction of the bridge
started
25. ----, yet relatively few have been identified in 28. ---- as to why human mental capacities are so
modern organisms. much greater than those of chimpanzees.
A) Scientists hypothesize that the human hepatitis A) Two scientists recently reported
delta virus (HDV) arose from a ribozyme
B) Scientists have always suspected
B) The CPEB3 ribozyme is structurally and
biochemically related to human hepatitis delta- C) Researchers have found a clue
virus (HDV) ribozymes
D) The newly adopted scheme also includes a third
C) This ribozyme occurs exclusively in mammals category
D) The selection had yielded several ribozymes E) Such a decision was reached after days of
debate
E) Ribozymes are thought to have played a pivotal
role in the early evolution of life
A) the oxygen canisters located above the 29. Although stem cells are found in many tissues,
passenger seats in a plane provide oxygen to ----.
the passengers through masks
A) they have great potential to treat diseases
B) the oxygen-generator canisters must be
B) the most promising ones seem to be those in
replaced periodically to ensure that they will
bone marrow
operate properly when needed
C) specialists have been very enthusiastic
C) the oxygen canister contains a core of sodium
chlorate, which is activated by a small explosive D) special staining techniques revealed that the
charge cells were indeed dividing
D) the airline maintenance rules made it clear that a E) the results of that study have yet to be
bright yellow safety cap must be installed on the announced
oxygen canisters
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30. Our eyes can detect photons, the smallest
33. Until fairly recently, we viewed the ocean as a
quantum unit of an electromagnetic wave, ----.
bountiful, virtually limitless resource, ----.
A) whose frequencies lie in the narrow visible range
A) so many countries are also taking steps to
B) in which the human retina has more “pixels” than restore and conserve wetlands
a consumer digital camera
B) unless we are now seeing the effects of our
C) that it increases our knowledge of the structure disregard for marine communities
of atoms
C) yet seafood would become less plentiful
D) because scientists have lacked a detector able
D) and we have harvested the ocean heavily and
to see an individual photon
used it as a dumping ground for wastes
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E) if a revolution in photon detection is now under
E) regardless of the fact that laws in many countries
way
now prohibit disposal of sewage and other
wastes at sea
31. Abnormally heavy and early rainfall in the Sudan 34. In the Pacific Ocean, the analogue of the Gulf
caused the River Nile to overflow in 2007, ----. Stream Current in the Atlantic is the Kuroshio
Current, ----.
A) so global land surface temperatures in January
and April had reached the highest levels ever A) which flows north along the coast of Asia to the
recorded for those months east coast of Japan
B) because the first documented tropical cyclone in B) as it flows northeast across the Atlantic from its
the Arabian Sea hit Oman and Iran, causing 50 source in the Gulf of Mexico
deaths
C) so the Gulf Stream Current indeed contributes to
C) but in May, ocean waves up to 5 metres high Europe’s warmth
swamped parts of the Maldive Islands
D) where it transports no heat to locations on the
D) unless other extreme weather events include the eastern side of the Pacific
summer heatweave in southeastern Europe
E) but ocean currents do little to warm the region
E) while unusually heavy snowfall affected South
Africa and parts of South America
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36. – 38. sorularda, verilen Đngilizce cümleye
38. Meteorites provide the best available data about
anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. the chemical and physical processes that
occurred during the first few million years of our
36. Scientists tell us that 90 per cent of all matter in solar system’s history.
the universe consists of hydrogen.
A) Güneş sistemimizin tarihinde, ilk birkaç milyon yıl
A) Bilim adamlarının bize söylediğine göre, hidrojen içinde ortaya çıkmış olan kimyasal ve fiziksel
içeren maddeler evrendeki tüm maddelerin yüz- oluşumlara ilişkin elde edilebilen en iyi veriler
de 90’ını oluşturmaktadır. göktaşlarında bulunmaktadır.
B) Bilim adamları bize, evrendeki tüm maddelerin B) Güneş sistemimizin başlangıcındaki birkaç mil-
yüzde 90’ının hidrojen içerdiğini söylemektedir. yon yıl içinde meydana gelmiş kimyasal ve fizik-
sel süreçlerle ilgili kullanılabilir verilerin en iyileri
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C) Hidrojenin evrendeki tüm maddelerin yüzde 90’ı- göktaşlarından elde edilmiştir.
nı oluşturduğu, bize bilim adamlarınca söylenen
bir gerçektir. C) Göktaşlarının sağladığı veriler, güneş sistemimi-
zin tarihinin ilk birkaç milyon yıllık sürecindeki
D) Bilim adamlarının bize söylediği gibi, hidrojen, kimyasal ve fiziksel oluşumları anlayabilmemize
evrendeki maddelerin yüzde 90’ında bulunmak- en büyük katkıyı sağlamıştır.
tadır.
D) Güneş sistemimizin ilk birkaç milyon yıllık tarihin-
E) Bilim adamları, hidrojenin, evrendeki tüm mad- de meydana gelen kimyasal ve fiziksel süreçlerle
delerin yüzde 90’ını oluşturduğunu söylüyor. ilgili verilerin en güvenilir olanları göktaşlarından
sağlanmıştır.
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40. Evrenin sakinleri olarak, ışığın ilk kaynağının na-
sıl oluştuğunu, hayatın nasıl meydana geldiğini 42. – 46. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parça-
ve bu çok büyük boşlukta akıllı varlıklar olarak da anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirile-
bizim yalnız olup olmadığımızı merak etmekten bilecek cümleyi bulunuz.
kendimizi alamayız.
A) How the first light was formed, how life started, 42. Engineers are hired by clients (and employers)
and whether we are the only intelligent beings in specifically for their specialized expertise. ----.
this huge emptiness are the questions that, as Therefore, engineers have ethical obligations to
inhabitants of the universe, we cannot keep their clients, because the client often cannot
ourselves from asking. assess the quality of the engineer’s technical
advice. These obligations are part of engineering
B) As inhabitants of the universe, we cannot help ethics, the set of behavioural standards that all
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wondering how the first source of light formed, engineers are expected to follow.
how life came into existence and whether we are
alone as intelligent beings in this vast emptiness. A) Civil engineering is generally considered the
oldest engineering discipline
C) As this universe’s only intelligent inhabitants, it is
up to us to ask questions such as how the first B) Successful teamwork results in
light source was formed, how life on Earth accomplishments larger than those that can be
started, and how we came to inhabit a tiny planet produced by individual team members
in this vast emptiness.
C) Generally, the client knows less about the
D) As inhabitants of this universe, we cannot help subject than the engineer
asking such pressing questions as how the first
light source was formed, how life started, and D) Biochemical engineers combine biological
whether there are other intelligent beings living processes with traditional chemical engineering
in this vast emptiness. to produce foods and pharmaceuticals and to
treat wastes
E) Being inhabitants of the vast emptiness that is
our universe, we cannot help wondering how E) An engineer does not need to have a licence to
light was formed, how life started, and whether practise engineering, but those who do may
we are quite alone as intelligent beings in the have more career opportunities
universe.
E) The policies on limited access to confidental E) Male athletes, especially wrestlers and
technological information are being reviewed by gymnasts, are affected by these disorders as
a group of experts, appointed by the US well, but research shows that females have a
Department of Commerce. greater tendency
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44. Thanks to their status as one of the world’s top
46. Seismologists have struggled for years to find a
predators, great whites are among the best
reliable earthquake predictor. Could balls of light
known sharks on Earth, yet essentially nothing is
in the sky preceding quakes hold the key? The
known about their mating habits. That could soon
US Federal Emergency Management Agency
change, as researchers have discovered a remote
(FEMA) has begun asking that very question. ----.
spot in the North Pacific Ocean that may be a
Thus, they have funded NASA to study
mating ground for great whites, according to a
earthquake lights using weather satellites and the
recent study. ----. But, as scientists have
MODIS research satellite during the past few
explained, the theory that the area is a feeding
years.
ground for great whites may be incorrect.
A) In 1999, floating balls of light in the sky were
A) It’s not an area that a shark would logically go to
broadcast on Turkish television, reportedly
from California to find something to eat
filmed the night before the earthquake in Đzmit
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B) At first, scientists nicknamed the region, 1,553
B) In 1968, the first photographs of “earthquake
miles west of the Baja Peninsula, the “great
lights” were taken by Yutaka Yasui of the
white café” because they suspected sharks
Kakioka Magnetic Observatory
could be going there to feed
C) The main problem facing FEMA is that
C) The sharks migrate long distances seasonally
earthquake lights still don’t have an accepted
from the coast of California to Hawaii and to the
scientific explanation
offshore area
D) Most earthquakes occur at plate boundaries,
D) On average, the sharks dive every 10 minutes,
where one plate slides beneath another
325 metres down, perhaps to sniff for mates,
hundreds of kilometres below the Earth’s surface
whose scent could be detected at a certain level
of depth E) Mainstream geologists had dismissed these
earlier claims as coincidental
E) Sharks gather at marine mammal habitats in
California during autumn and winter months,
feeding on the abundant elephant seals and
other prey before migrating to the offshore
waters
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47. – 51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş 48. Lisa :
bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi - What are you reading?
bulunuz.
Andy :
- A book about caterpillars in the Costa Rican
47. Sarah : tropical forests. Did you know that there’s one
- Have you ever thought about how type of caterpillar that looks like a snake’s
paleontologists name the new fossils they find? head?
They don’t only give the fossils a boring,
descriptive name in Latin. Lisa :
- ----
Laura :
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- ---- Andy :
- I should imagine, only to scare away predators.
Sarah :
- Well, in this article it says that one A) Looking at caterpillars always makes me feel like
paleontologist named a newly discovered type I’ve got one crawling up my arm!
of dinosaur fossil gojirasaurus after the original
Japanese name for Godzilla! B) How strange. I wonder why?
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49. Kathy :
51. Keith :
- I went to a lecture yesterday given by a - It looks like more and more countries in the EU
microbiologist. He focused on bacteria caught are turning to wind power for their energy.
in Antarctic ice millions of years ago, and
stressed their importance in understanding Cherie :
how life on Earth works over long periods of - ----
time.
Keith :
Bruce : - Actually it’s not, because sometimes the wind
- ---- turbines are built without proper planning, and
this affects the surrounding environment
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Kathy : negatively.
- He said that life on Earth consists mostly of
microbes, and they can adapt to every possible Cherie :
environment. - Oh, I wasn’t aware of that.
B) Did you ask him any questions after the lecture? D) I thought wind turbines couldn’t generate enough
power to make a difference.
C) I find microbiology incredibly interesting; don’t
you? E) Do you think wind power will help reduce carbon
emissions?
D) Who else attended the lecture besides you?
50. Terry :
- Did you know that scientists have found
perfectly preserved comet dust in the ice in
Antarctica?
Lynne :
- ----
Terry :
- Yes, it is. The samples found previously in
Antarctica and in Greenland had been
compacted and changed by the ice around
them, but these new samples haven’t.
Lynne :
- Then their larger size and good condition must
make them easier to analyse.
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52. – 56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okun-
55. (I) Humans have a long history of studying,
duğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan appreciating, and using animal diversity, but
cümleyi bulunuz. classifying a new animal isn’t always easy.
(II) Imagine you were the first European zoologist to
52. (I) When their nuclear fuel is exhausted, stars die, encounter a strange animal in Australia that has the
and the residual iron core collapses on itself. (II) The following physical features. (III) It has a bill and
outcome of a star’s death depends on mass, webbed feet similar to a duck’s, but the rest of its
however. (III) Stars with between 10 and 20 times the furry body looks very much like that of a muskrat or
mass of the Sun collapse in a spectacular explosion other aquatic rodent, and it lays eggs. (IV) Unlike the
known as a supernova, leaving behind a neutron rest of the world, Australia has relatively few
star, whereas those larger than 20 solar masses placental mammals. (V) How would you classify it?
implode to form black holes in a hypernova. (IV) In
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both cases, copious bursts of neutrinos are released A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
along with optical, x-ray and gamma radiation.
(V) Recent studies indicate that some massive stars
may be rotating only slowly or not at all.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
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57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
58. It is clear from the passage that robots used in
cevaplayınız.
the United States for weedkilling ----.
Robots make unlikely green warriors, but they could A) are a technological challenge that farmers in
soon be doing their bit for the environment. Trials of Denmark and the United States face
a Danish robot that maps the position of weeds
growing among crops suggest that herbicide use B) were first invented and widely used by farmers in
could be reduced by 70 per cent if farmers used it to the United States
adopt more selective spraying techniques. Actually,
the robot drives across fields scanning the ground for C) will never be useful for improving traditional
any weeds and noting their positions. A later version spraying techniques
will be able to kill the weeds too by applying a few
D) are convenient for use only on railways and
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drops of herbicide. But the longer-term goal is to
airport runways rather than in farming areas
avoid herbicides altogether by having the robot pluck
the weeds out of the ground rather than poisoning E) are being developed and tested in Denmark
them. Although weedkilling robots have already been
put to work in the United States, they cannot be used
for agricultural purposes because they do not
distinguish between plant species and tend to treat
anything green as a weed. Instead, they are used to
clear unwanted plants from railways and airport
runways.
59. It is implied in the passage that herbicides used
for weedkilling ----.
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61. – 64. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
62. We see from the passage that Seversky’s 1942
cevaplayınız.
book Victory through Air Power ----.
The first documented scheme for in-flight refuelling A) made him more famous than his ideas for in-
came from a young Russian aviator named flight refuelling
Alexander de Seversky. His father owned a plane
and taught him to fly when he was in his early teens. B) was extremely unpopular in Bolshevik Russia
In 1917, when he was 23, Seversky proposed a
method for extending flight: One plane could carry C) was used as a training manual by the US War
extra fuel and deliver it to another through a hose. Department
After the Russian Revolution, Russia’s new Bolshevik
D) extensively detailed his plans for in-flight
government sent him to the United States to study
refuelling
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aircraft design, and he stayed there when political
developments made his return to Russia dangerous. E) remained unpublished at the time of his death
He got a job as an aeronautical engineer for the US
War Department and was awarded the world’s first
patent for air-to-air refuelling, in which large fuel
tankers would supply fuel to fighter aircraft while in
flight. Seversky went on to a distinguished career in
airplane design and achieved perhaps his greatest
fame as the author of the influential 1942 book
Victory through Air Power. He never put his refuelling 63. According to the passage, Seversky was unable
plan into action, though, and other aviators later to return to Russia due to ----.
came up with ideas of their own.
A) his employment as an aeronautical engineer for
the US War Department
E) other inventors made use of his ideas on aircraft C) gave him a clear advantage when he was
design applying for work in the United States
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65. – 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
66. It is clearly pointed out in the passage that it is
cevaplayınız.
very hard to ----.
One of the most pressing international priorities is to A) reach an international understanding that the
control the dissemination of nuclear materials that dissemination of nuclear materials must be fully
could be used in attacks by terrorists or rogue states. controlled
Nuclear materials contain unstable isotopes, which
emit x-rays and gamma rays. The characteristic B) trace how highly-enriched uranium can be
energies of these photons provide a fingerprint smuggled and marketed internationally
revealing which radioactive isotopes are present.
Unfortunately, some isotopes that occur in benign C) distinguish between gamma rays emitted by
applications emit gamma rays with energies that are nuclear materials used for constructive or
destructive purposes
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very similar to those emitted by materials used in
weapons, which leads to ambiguous identifications
D) force rogue states to give up their efforts to
and false alarms. This problem has been worrying
develop nuclear weapons
the United States, which is installing thousands of
radiation portal monitors to detect the gamma rays E) identify all radioactive isotopes that emit x-rays
emitted by nuclear materials carried by vehicles and gamma rays
crossing the Canadian and Mexican borders. One of
the worst fears of the authorities is that terrorists
might smuggle highly-enriched uranium into the
country to build a crude Hiroshima-style atomic
bomb.
67. As pointed out in the passage, the United States
----.
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69. – 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
70. It is maintained in the passage that although
cevaplayınız.
more than 50 per cent of paper used is recycled
----.
The world now recycles just over 50 per cent of the
paper it uses. Reprocessing plants are being A) there is still much dependence in the paper
established in most countries. However, trees will industry on the use of wood pulp
never be fully spared because of the use of wood
fibres themselves. Pure pulp is rich in water, which B) the world’s paper industry is still in its early
provides for ample hydrogen bonding that holds stages and needs to upgrade itself in terms of
fibres together when made into paper. But each time efficiency and cost
a fibre is cleaned, de-inked and dried in a
reprocessing plant, only 80 per cent of the bonds are C) most countries regard this as minimal and,
therefore, encourage the establishment of more
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recovered. After four or five recyclings, a fibre can no
longer make strong enough bonds. Engineers can do paper plants
little that is economically viable to overcome this
D) this is not enough to save forests from total
physical limitation, so they focus on reducing the cost
destruction due to widespread exploitation
of reprocessing fresher fibres. One main challenge is
finding a better way to neutralize “stickies”, which is E) engineers are working hard to develop new
the mess of adhesives from stamps, labels, seals, technologies in order to increase the amount to
tape, magazine spines and various other sources, 80 per cent
that jam the machinery. The industry has been
working for a decade to find a chemical process that
will break down stickies, but no full solution has been
found yet.
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73. – 76. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
74. It is clear from the passage that the tectonic
cevaplayınız.
plates in the Pacific Ocean ----.
Mount Everest is the highest mountain on Earth A) move constantly and, thus, undermine the
above sea level, but it is not the world’s tallest. That formation of a volcanic chain in the region
honour goes to the Hawaiian volcano Mauna Kea.
When measured from its base on the Pacific Ocean B) prevent the formation of convection streams that
floor, it is about 1,000 metres taller than Mount cause eruptions on the ocean floor
Everest. Mauna Kea is part of a 5,600-kilometre-long
chain of volcanoes stretching westward from the C) are so thick that the so-called “hot spots” have
main Hawaiian island. This volcanic chain is formed no physical effect on them
by small convection streams called “hot spots”, just
D) play a part in the formation of volcanic chains on
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below the Earth’s crust, where magma rises from the
the ocean floor
hotter parts of the mantle, the region between the
crust and the core of the earth. These hot spots melt E) cover the mantle so well that no eruption of
sections of the tectonic plates moving above them, magma can take place on the ocean floor
causing magma and bits of the molten plate to erupt
onto the sea floor. Over time, the lava accumulates,
forming a mountain that rises above sea level. The
moving tectonic plates carry the newly-formed
mountain away from its original location, as newer
volcanoes continue to form in the same spot.
D) the process of its geological formation is only 76. In this passage, the writer ----.
now being revealed scientifically
A) gives an account of the benefits that convection
E) the so-called “hot spots” on the ocean floor streams provide to the Hawaiian Islands
continue to add lava to its base
B) describes in detail the movements and effects of
the tectonic plates under the Pacific Ocean
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77. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
79. As is pointed out in the passage, the growth of
cevaplayınız.
planets in the early solar system ----.
Meteorites offer glimpses of the earliest stages of A) can only be understood through a close study of
planetary formation. Stony-iron meterorites come in mesosiderites rather than pallasites
two main classes: pallasites and mesosiderites, and
it was previously thought they may have had similar B) was mainly due to the oxygen isotope properties
origins. A new study, however, has revealed that of certain meteorites
their oxygen isotope properties differ and that they
come from distinct places. Accordingly, the C) depended on mixed core-mantle material from
characteristics of mesosiderites suggest they came disrupted asteroids
from the third largest asteroid, Vesta, which is the
D) was essentially influenced by Vesta, which is the
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target of the NASA Dawn Mission. On the other
third largest asteroid
hand, pallasites are made of mixed core-mantle
material from a disrupted asteroid, indicating that E) was closely connected with the large-scale
extensive asteroid deformation was an integral part deformation of asteroids
of planetary enlargement in the early solar system.
CEVAP ANAHTARI
11. B 12. A 13. D 14. E 15. C 16. D 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. D
21. E 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. E 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A
31. E 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. C 36. B 37. A 38. E 39. C 40. B
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41. D 42. C 43. A 44. B 45. E 46. C 47. D 48. B 49. E 50. A
51. B 52. E 53. C 54. B 55. D 56. B 57. A 58. D 59. E 60. C
61. D 62. A 63. C 64. B 65. E 66. C 67. B 68. D 69. E 70. A
71. E 72. C 73. B 74. D 75. A 76. D 77. B 78. A 79. E 80. C
C) representations D) innovations
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E) amplifications
E) comprehensive
E) familiarly
A) Could / to melt
B) Would / melt
4. The continents ---- their existence to Earth’s long
history of plate-tectonic activity. C) Might / to be melting
A) endanger B) result C) proceed D) Can / melting
D) compile E) owe E) Will / be melting
D) shook / explaining 14. Fish often spend much of their time in the deep,
cool waters of a lake ---- oxygen levels there
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E) had shaken / having explained become depleted by decomposers.
A) as if B) just as
A) as of B) regardless of
12. Gregor Mendel probably chose to study garden C) instead of D) in terms of
peas because he was familiar with them ---- his
rural upbringing; they were easy to grow, and E) because of
they came ---- many readily distinguishable
varieties.
A) from / in B) at / for C) with / on 18. The part of an animal ---- gases are exchanged
with the environment is called the respiratory
D) in / by E) on / over surface.
D) what E) where
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The existing small-plane fleet averages 150 knots;
that should be raised to 300 knots within a decade, that looks like the top of a mountain buried in a
and eventually to 450 knots, (21) ---- small planes sea of sediment
could compete with the jetliners’ speed. The planes
should be more efficient and environmentally safer, C) most of southeastern California is a region torn
using less fuel, creating less pollution, and generating by earthquakes and eroded by wind and rain
less noise. They should be more (22) ---- in their
operations and far simpler to fly, much like cars that D) Death Valley lies 86 metres below sea level and
vary little from one rental site to another. And they is surrounded by peaks of more than 3,000
should be radically more reliable and cheaper to metres
maintain – following the example of automobiles, with
E) Death Valley was formed as the Amargosa and
their quality revolution (23) ---- the 1980s and 1990s.
Panamint mountain ranges were pulled apart
19. from each other
C) having reduced D) to reduce 25. As the Hubble Space Telescope continues its
mission, ----.
E) to have been reducing
A) Edwin Hubble encouraged this idea in
connection with his own research
A) if only B) in that E) it sends home new revelations about the life and
death of stars and the nature of our expanding
C) so that D) by which universe
E) as if
C) they claim that these proteins could be tested for C) whereas, mathematically, the combinatorics of
their ability to cause allergic reactions fullerenes is an application of Euler’s formula
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D) they began to worry about its potential dangers D) although other fullerenes, such as C80, have
been made in the laboratory
E) one safety measure is a set of strict laboratory
procedures designed to protect researchers from E) while every fullerene contains exactly 12
infection pentagons with no limit to the number of
hexagons it contains
A) their populations had already begun to decline A) as we might expect coal to last another 200
years
B) they came ashore far more frequently
B) unless environmental issues may limit how much
C) they can glide for hundreds of kilometres without of this resource is exploited
flapping their wings
C) in that both are relatively difficult to mine without
D) from time to time they went in search of new dangerous environmental consequences
breeding grounds
D) because the world is using these energy sources
E) most pairs mate for life, producing and raising so inefficiently at the moment
one chick every two years
E) while tar is also formed by tobacco burning
A) if artificial gravity similar to that on Earth could be 36. In North America, the electrical grid has evolved
provided in piecemeal fashion over the past 100 years.
B) as current countermeasures are limited to the A) Kuzey Amerika’daki mevcut elektrik şebekesi,
use of exercise equipment geçen 100 yıl boyunca aşama aşama oluşturul-
muştur.
C) since technological progress might have solved
this problem B) Kuzey Amerika’daki elektrik şebekesi, geride
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kalan 100 yıl boyunca parça parça ancak kuru-
D) before further complications had developed labilmiştir.
E) although the spaceship could be linearly C) Kuzey Amerika’da, elektrik şebekesi, geçen 100
accelerated in the desired direction yıl içinde düzensiz bir şekilde gelişmiştir.
C) while there is no way to judge whether iron on 37. Global competition regarding limited petroleum
Mercury is solid or liquid and natural gas resources is intense, and even a
mild production shortage can send prices
D) until the new project uses radar reflections to
skyrocketing, as we have been seeing for some
determine subtle oscillations in Mercury’s
time.
rotation rate
A) Sınırlı petrol ve doğal gaz kaynakları konusunda
E) which presumably creates a strong magnetic
küresel rekabet yoğundur ve, bir süredir gördü-
field
ğümüz gibi, hafif bir üretim açığı bile fiyatları bir-
den yükseltebilir.
A) if continents and oceans, encircled by an C) Sınırlı olan petrol ve doğal gaz kaynaklarına
oxygen-rich atmosphere, support familiar life yönelik küresel rekabet o denli yoğundur ki,
forms yakın zamandan beri gözlemlediğimiz gibi, en
küçük bir üretim açığı bile fiyatları birden yük-
B) although such constant change has seltmektedir.
characterized Earth since its beginning some 4.5
billion years ago D) Küresel rekabetin yoğun olduğu petrol ve doğal
gaz kaynakları oldukça sınırlıdır ve, bir süredir
C) whether understanding the carbon dioxide görüldüğü gibi, üretimde oluşan en küçük bir kı-
content of the early atmosphere is crucial for sıtlama bile fiyatları oldukça yükseğe çekmek-
understanding climatic control tedir.
D) because it is this assemblage of gases that E) Sınırlı petrol ve doğal gaz kaynakları konusun-
allowed life to come out of the oceans and to be daki yoğun küresel rekabet nedeniyle, bir süredir
sustained gördüğümüz gibi, üretimin hafif de olsa düşmesi
sonucu fiyatlar alabildiğine yükselmektedir.
E) as continental shift has been altering the face of
Earth for nearly a billion years
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C) Yıllardan beri, dinozorların yaşını ölçmeye ve constantly hit the top of the atmosphere at the
böylelikle nasıl büyüdüklerini belirlemeye yöne- full speed of light.
lik herhangi bir yöntem bulamadık.
C) Cosmic rays are in fact ions that strike the top of
D) Uzun zamandan beri, dinozorların yaşını ölçe- the atmosphere at nearly the speed of light and
rek büyüdükleri koşulları kesin olarak belirleme- mostly come from beyond the solar system.
de kullanılabilecek herhangi bir yöntemimiz yok-
tu. D) It is true that cosmic rays are ions which cut
across the solar system and strike the upper
E) Son zamanlara kadar, dinozorların yaşını ölçmek layer of the atmosphere at about the speed of
ve böylece büyüdükleri koşulları anlamak için gü- light.
venilir bir yöntem yoktu.
E) What we call ions are in fact cosmic rays that,
coming from the depths of the solar system,
strike the upper parts of the atmosphere at
exactly the speed of light.
39. Darwinizme göre, mümkün olduğunca sık üre- A) Although Leibniz lived 250 years before the
mek, her canlının temel amacıdır. invention of the computer programme, he came
very close to the modern idea of algorithmic
A) Darwinism upholds the view that every organism information.
always strives to reproduce so long as it is
possible. B) Leibniz, who lived some 250 years before the
introduction of the computer programme, was in
B) According to Darwinism, frequent reproduction is fact fully familiar with the idea of modern
what every organism has as a major aim. algorithmic information.
C) As one infers from Darwinism, for every C) It was just 250 years before the development of
organism, the essential goal is to reproduce so the computer programme that Leibniz lived and
far as possible. put forward the modern idea of algorithmic
information.
D) According to Darwinism, it is the basic goal of
every organism to reproduce as often as D) Living 250 years before the launching of the
possible. computer programme, Leibniz had a notion of
modern algorithmic information.
E) With reference to Darwinism, it is to be stated
that reproduction is what every organism has as E) Even though the computer programme was
its ultimate aim. invented 250 years after Leibniz, he was actually
aware of the idea underlying modern algorithmic
information.
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A) In the molecules of a polar liquid, some atoms
are slightly positively charged while others carry
a balancing negative charge C) The amazing thing about these meteor showers
is that they come year after year
B) Some experts in nanotube chemistry have
published extensively D) Most meteors are small, probably a few inches in
diameter
C) Accordingly, it is possible to make nanotubes
generate electricity E) The most remarkable meteor shower was seen
in Connecticut on the night of November 12,
D) Thus, their importance has been greatly 1833
overrated
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B) Climatologists have found that the best places to because of the greater weight and pressure at
study global warming are the coldest regions on the centre.
Earth
A) That when glaciers move, they don’t only move
C) Thus far, the data the researchers have seen straight downhill.
has been alarming
B) Well, some glaciers flow into the sea, but others
D) A glacier that accelerates with a warming end on land.
atmosphere is within the realm of scientific
expectation C) Glaciers store about 75% of the world’s
freshwater.
E) Arctic climatologist Konrad Steffen has spent 18
consecutive springs on the Greenland ice cap, D) I found out that where an ice sheet flows into the
personally building and installing the weather ocean and floats, it forms an ice shelf.
stations
E) Ice sheets flowing over land usually form piles of
rocks and dirt at their ending points.
49. Michelle :
- It says in this article that Jupiter’s moon Europa
47. – 51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş has relatively few craters on it – only one or two
significant ones.
bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi
bulunuz.
Kathy :
- I wonder why it has so few, when some of
47. Angela : Jupiter’s other moons and our own moon have
- How was your visit to Crater Lake National Park so many.
last summer?
Michelle :
Sharon : - ----
- It was wonderful. The lake is very beautiful, with
a clear, deep-blue colour. And I learned Kathy :
something new about it: it’s a closed basin lake. - Oh, yes, I’ve read about that. It has to do with
tides changing the surface features, doesn’t it?
Angela :
- ---- A) The article says that it would be surprising if the
tides weren’t still active.
Sharon :
- Well, there are no permanent streams that enter B) Scientists think that the surface has been
or exit the lake. completely re-made in the cosmically recent
past.
A) I plan to visit the lake this summer.
C) The continously changing surface would create
B) How did you learn that? organisms, if there are any, that could adapt
easily to the changes.
C) You’re very informed, aren’t you?
D) Since there are many tiny bodies in the outer
D) What does that mean? solar system, they would normally have hit
Europa, forming craters.
E) How many visitors are allowed into the park each
year? E) The weak ice on Europa’s surface cannot
support high mountains.
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are the tiniest: fast-moving elementary particles
- ---- known as cosmic rays. (IV) On a long journey, these
would give astronauts a dose of radiation serious
Jane : enough to cause cancer. (V) Unlike most of the other
- Well, that’s really something. challenges of venturing into deep space, which
engineers should be able to solve, cosmic rays pose
A) He was a tireless educator in engineering and irreducible risks.
mathematics.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
B) He challenged Lord Kelvin’s hypothesis about
the temperature of the Earth.
D) Perry insisted that mathematics was basic to all 53. (I) A dramatic cut in the cost of a super-efficient new
the sciences. breed of solar cell could put domestic solar power on
a more economic footing. (II) The cells, which helped
E) Simply, it was because of him that the price of take NASA’s electric-powered aircraft Helios to
graph paper became affordable for everybody. record altitudes, have until now been too expensive.
(III) But their manufacturer has found a way to make
them as much as 20 times cheaper. (IV) The cells
convert light energy into electricity with an efficiency
of 20 per cent – which means they generate one-third
more electrical power than conventional silicon solar
51. Peter :
cells. (V) NASA’s electrically powered plane Helios
- It seems that higher sea-surface temperatures
soared to altitudes above 96,000 feet (29 kilometres)
could give rise to ever larger and more frequent
– a world record for a winged plane not powered by a
hurricanes.
rocket engine.
Frank : A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
- ----
Peter :
- True. What do you think is going to happen?
Frank :
- Let’s just wait and see!
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1850s, the French wine industry was having serious
including fruit ripening and programmed cell death. trouble with wine that had spoiled. The French
emperor, Napoleon III, called in Pasteur to help.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V Pasteur knew that the fermentation which produced
wine was caused by living yeast cells. But now he
found that certain bacteria could also carry out
fermentation. He discovered that fermentation by
bacteria spoils wine because it produces vinegar
(acetic acid) instead of the alcohol produced by
yeast. Pasteur suggested that the winemakers heat
the wine for a short time to destroy the bacteria. They
were horrified, but it worked. The process,
pasteurization, is still used today, especially for milk.
B) Napoleon III was seriously interested in scientific B) bacteria in wine could best be destroyed through
matters and favoured Pasteur more than any a prolonged process of heating was
other scientist commonplace among nineteenth-century French
winemakers
C) French winemakers had so much trust in
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Pasteur’s work on bacteria that they fully C) pasteurization prevented milk from spoiling
followed his instructions for the process of quickly spread outside France in the nineteenth
pasteurization century and has never since been challenged by
scientists
D) French scientists especially focused on
fermentation, since the wine industry was of vital D) fermentation by bacteria spoils wine is no longer
importance for France current, since various new methods have been
developed for better wine-making
E) the French wine industry was remarkably
advanced since it made use of various E) fermentation was caused by a chemical reaction
innovations and scientific discoveries in living cells wasn’t accepted by many scientists
until well into the nineteenth century
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among the possessions of a prehistoric man. Many E) were regarded by prehistoric man as evil spirits
people have tried to explain fossils. Aristotle believed preserved in rocks
they were the remains of living creatures, but thought
the creatures grew in the rocks. Some people
believed that fossils were placed in rocks by evil
spirits. Other explanations were remarkably modern.
For example, Herodotus, an ancient Greek historian,
observed fossil seashells in the Libyan desert in 450
B.C. and guessed that the Mediterranean Sea had
once reached much farther south than it does today. 63. According to the passage, Herodotus speculated
that the Libyan desert, ----.
E) the study of fossils by modern scientists has A) Aristotle was particularly interested in the fossils
mostly focused on the preserved imprints of found in rocks
plants and animals in rocks
B) there are many different kinds of fossils
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individual members. The functions of a population are D) solely refers to any human group that lives in a
similar to those of other biological units: growth, specific region on Earth
development, and self-maintenance in a changing
environment. Individuals enter a population by birth E) is a unit that consists of the same kind of
and by moving in, that is, by immigration. Individuals individual organisms living in a particular area
leave a population by death and by moving out, that
is, by emigration. If the environment of a population
remains the same, loss and replacement of members
are in balance. The population will be able to survive
in that particular environment. If the environment
changes, however, loss or addition of members 67. It is clear from the passage that, so long as a
increases or decreases the size of the population. population lives in a constant environment, ----.
A) have an impact, negative or positive, on the 68. As it is indicated in the passage, if the addition of
members of that population new members to a population exceeds loss, ----.
B) speed up the process of replacement of the A) this can have a restrictive effect on emigrations
members of the population from the population
C) always contribute greatly to the survival of all the B) this has no effect whatsoever on the
members of that population environment in which the population lives
D) are mostly caused by the uncontrollable size of C) the survival of the population can be maintained
that population in a balanced way
E) can be reduced through an increase in the size D) the size of the population shows a growing
of the population pattern
Pluto, which was until recently regarded as the B) has extensive ice caps at both its poles
outermost and smallest planet in the solar system,
C) was a major god in antiquity, worshipped by the
has never been visited by an exploring spacecraft. So
Romans as well as by other peoples
little is known about it that it is difficult to classify. Its
distance from Earth is so great that the Hubble Space D) and Neptune seem to have similar orbits that
Telescope cannot reveal its surface features. bring them closer to the Sun
Appropriately named for the Roman god of the
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underworld, it must be frozen, dark, and dead. Its E) looks so dark that nothing whatsoever can be
mean distance from the Sun is 5,900 million observed on it
kilometres. In fact, it has the most eccentric orbit in
the solar system, bringing it at times closer to the Sun
than Neptune. Furthermore, there is evidence that
Pluto has an atmosphere, containing methane, and a
polar ice cap that increases and decreases in size
with Pluto’s seasons. It is not known to have water.
The Hubble Space Telescope’s faint-object camera
revealed light and dark regions on Pluto, indicating
an ice cap at the north pole. It is not known if there is
an ice cap at Pluto’s south pole.
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completely frozen its surface is D) it is understood that there is an ice cap on its
north pole
E) only some minor explorations have so far been
made by means of a spacecraft E) one becomes aware of the fact that every planet
in the solar system has a similar cycle of
seasons
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billion people have no access to clean drinking water, drinking water can be halved, as hoped, by 2015
and while it is hoped that this figure will be halved by
2015, nobody is sure where the water will come from. D) have become a major concern among politicians
With today’s trends, one-third of the world population in many countries and, therefore, new policies
will be seriously short of water by 2025. Politicians in have been proposed for an efficient
China, India, Pakistan, Egypt and other water- management of the great rivers
stressed countries want their water engineers to find
solutions – and fast. E) need to be upgraded by 2025 in order to catch
up with the growth rate of the world population
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C) signifies that there must be a national water of water well before 2015
authority in each country for the preservation of
the water resources D) as one-third of the population in China is unable
to get clean drinking water
D) makes it urgent for water engineers to discover
new water resources in the southwestern US E) in order to maintain political stability in the
countries most affected by an acute shortage of
E) is a clear indication of how urgent the demand drinking water
for water is in the world today
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recent years, higher atmospheric concentrations of E) there is a noticeable increase in the volume of
heat-trapping gases have accelerated that process. liquid water
As temperatures rise, the top layers melt, giving way
to darker, heat-absorbing ice and liquid water. The
meltwater seeps down to the rock below, lubricating
the ice mass and speeding its slide into the sea.
D) explains how global warming is having an B) has lost much of its freshwater capacity due to
environmental impact on Greenland’s ice mass the process of extensive melting which has been
going on for centuries
E) extensively describes the process whereby the
ice mass of Greenland has formed over the C) will soon lose its ice mass, since the amount of
course of centuries snowfall on the island each winter has dropped
dramatically over the course of the last few
centuries
Diğer sayfaya
Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.
geçiniz.
11. E 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. C 16. A 17. B 18. E 19. D 20. A
21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. E 26. A 27. D 28. E 29. C 30. B
31. E 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D 36. C 37. A 38. E 39. D 40. C
41. A 42. E 43. C 44. B 45. D 46. C 47. D 48. A 49. B 50. E
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51. D 52. B 53. E 54. C 55. B 56. C 57. E 58. A 59. D 60. E
61. A 62. C 63. D 64. B 65. A 66. E 67. B 68. D 69. C 70. A
71. B 72. D 73. E 74. C 75. E 76. A 77. D 78. E 79. B 80. D
A) extension B) influence
C) abundance D) element
5. The SOS (Space Observatories in School)
E) assumption
programme was ---- to make young people more
aware of opportunities to study the fundamental
sciences, especially those related to the universe.
C) made up D) set up
E) found out
E) sent off
3. Some frozen areas of Greenland have always 7. Scientists predict that should the current rate of
melted each summer, but recent research has deforestation in the rainforests ----, a great many
shown that the extent of snowmelt in Greenland of the species they support ---- completely by the
increased ---- between 1992 and 2005. turn of the 22nd century.
1
A
ÜDS İNG FEN BİL. / EKİM 2008
8. Cosmologists believe that equal amounts of 11. If all of the Arctic ice ----, global sea levels ---- by
matter and antimatter ---- in the early universe, 23 feet, submerging most coastal areas.
but since matter and antimatter annihilate each
other, something ---- to create an excess of A) melted / will rise
matter, leading to the universe we see today.
B) is to melt / are rising
A) are created / happened
C) were to melt / could rise
B) have been created / had happened
D) will melt / rise
C) had been created / has happened
E) had melted / rose
D) may have been created / must have happened
A) onto / below B) on / by
C) for / at D) about / in
E) towards / on
10. In 1998, 16 per cent of the world’s coral reefs ---- 14. Recently, researchers have found that ---- certain
by bleaching caused by El Nino, but half of those genes remain activated long enough, they can
reefs ---- signs of recovery, especially in dramatically enhance an organism’s health and
protected areas where it is illegal to harvest coral. extend its life span.
A) have been killed / showed A) even if B) while C) in case
B) were killed / are showing D) if E) although
C) had been killed / would have shown
2
A
ÜDS İNG FEN BİL. / EKİM 2008
15. Tourists gathered to admire the mushroom
clouds during nuclear tests in Nevada between 19. – 23. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numa-
1951 and 1963 ---- at the time there was complete ralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da
ignorance of the dangers of radioactive fallout. ifadeyi bulunuz.
E) that is
20.
D) usually E) finally
22.
D) since E) after
18. Wetlands filter out excess nutrients and
pollutants by trapping them in roots and soil, ----
plants and bacteria break them down into less
harmful substances.
23.
A) where B) which C) wherever
A) within B) at C) in
D) how E) whether
D) on E) of
3
A
ÜDS İNG FEN BİL. / EKİM 2008
27. ----, but let’s not forget where we live now – that
24. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun is, our own planet.
şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
A) We have almost completely focused on space
24. Although the evolutionary origin of animals is exploration
unclear, ----.
B) As scientists, we are able to monitor and predict
A) scientists are no longer working on new theories environmental threats
C) the cells that make up the animal body are D) Scientists pose intricate questions about the
specialized to perform specific functions land, sky and oceans
D) biologists have gathered enough evidence to put E) Scientists make precise predictions about
forward a new theory about it climatic changes
A) With regard to the new data, it has been B) The climatic change on Greenland is an indicator
questioned of things to come in the rest of the world
B) A team of ecologists from Norway have C) What happens on Greenland over the next
wondered decade does not worry scientists
C) An increasing number of scientists from around D) The average temperature on Greenland has
the world believe been steady in recent years
D) In view of new evidence, one is puzzled E) Less than one per cent of all the water on Earth
is drinkable and not locked up in ice
E) Despite a great deal of reliable evidence, most
environmentalists will not be certain
4
A
ÜDS İNG FEN BİL. / EKİM 2008
30. Scientists worry ----. 33. By the end of the year, the NASA scientists
should know for certain ----.
A) so that NASA may develop ways to shield
astronauts from radiation on Mars A) where the colourful images of Mars’ south pole
give indications of water
B) just as exposure to radiation is a serious danger
for manned spaceflight B) whether there is water on Mars in the form of ice
C) unless serious measures are taken to prevent C) even though water once flowed over the surface
fire on a space shuttle of Mars
D) that high-energy cosmic rays could cause much D) as life, similar to our own on Earth, could have
damage to space shuttles existed on Mars
E) provided that monitoring systems are placed E) because the surface of Mars could only have
throughout a spacecraft been formed by flowing water
31. ----, it rode aboard the massive Saturn V rocket. 34. Future computers will be able to tell us ----.
A) Even if the scientists at NASA were concerned A) even if the universe consists mostly of dark
about the quality of the spacecraft Apollo 11 matter and dark energy
B) Since the spacecraft Apollo 11 had been B) unless we produce more work for less effort
designed by a special team of engineers
C) so far as human beings can find new sources of
C) Whether the spacecraft Apollo 11 was to be food
used for lunar missions
D) while landmines in war zones will be detected
D) Although a lot of money was spent for the
development of the spacecraft Apollo 11 E) how we can improve our performance at work
5
A
ÜDS İNG FEN BİL. / EKİM 2008
38. By stimulating dead brain tissue, neuroscientists
36. – 38. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye have concluded that a specific receptor found in
anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. the outer layer of neurons functions differently in
schizophrenic brains.
36. The change in temperature distribution in the
Arctic would also affect ocean currents in the A) Ölü beyin dokularını uyaran sinirbilimciler, şizof-
Atlantic, which would, in turn, influence ren hastalarda sinirlerin dış katmanındaki bir tür
atmospheric circulation in the region. reseptörün daha farklı işlev gösterdiğini ortaya
koymuşlardır.
A) Kuzey kutup dairesindeki sıcaklık değişimi Atlan-
tik okyanusunda akıntıları da etkileyeceği için B) Sinirbilimcilerin ölü beyin dokularını uyarmaları,
bölgede atmosfer dönüşümü de değişecektir. şizofrenlilerin beyinlerinde bulunan özel bir re-
septörün sinirlerin dış katmanında farklı işlevler
B) Kuzey kutbunda sıcaklık dağılımının değişmesi gösterdiğini kanıtlamıştır.
sonucu, Atlantik’teki okyanus akıntıları da buna
karşılık bölgedeki hava dolaşımını etkileyecektir. C) Sinirbilimciler, ölü beyin dokularının uyarılması
durumunda, sinirlerin dış katmanında bulunan
C) Kutuplarda sıcaklık değişiminin dağılımı Atlan- özel bir reseptörün şizofren hastaların beyinle-
tik’te de okyanus akıntıları üzerinde etki göste- rinde farklı tepkilere neden olduğunu anlamışlar-
recek, buna bağlı olarak, bölgedeki atmosfer ba- dır.
sıncı da etkilenecektir.
D) Ölü beyin dokularını uyararak, sinirbilimciler si-
D) Sıcaklık dağılımının kutuplardaki değişimi Atlan- nirlerin dış katmanında bulunan belirli bir resep-
tik’te okyanus akıntılarına da yansıyacak, bu da törün şizofrenik beyinlerde farklı biçimde işlev
bölgenin hava dolaşımı üzerinde etkili olacaktır. gösterdiği sonucuna varmışlardır.
E) Kuzey kutup bölgesinde sıcaklık dağılımındaki E) Sinirbilimcilerin elde ettiği sonuçlara göre, ölü
değişme Atlantik’teki okyanus akıntılarını da et- beyin dokularının uyarılması yüzünden, sinirlerin
kileyecek, dolayısıyla, bu durum bölgedeki hava dış katmanında yer alan belirli bir reseptör şizof-
dolaşımını etkileyecektir. ren hasta beyinlerinde daha farklı çalışmaktadır.
6
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ÜDS İNG FEN BİL. / EKİM 2008
41. Dil teknolojilerinin en büyük ilerleme gösterdiği
39. – 41. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye uygulama alanlarından biri ses komutuyla çalışan
anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. ev aletleri alanıdır.
39. Tek bir türün yok olması çok etkili değildir ama A) Voice command operated domestic appliances
bir ikinci, üçüncü veya daha fazla sayıda tür yok constitute the field of application in which
olduğunda ekosistemin tutarlılığı tehdit altına gi- language technology is progressing the fastest.
rer.
B) One of the fields of application in which language
A) The disappearance of a single species is not technology is progressing the most is that of
dramatic but when a second, third, or greater domestic appliances operated by voice
number of species becomes extinct, the stability command.
of the ecosystem is threatened.
C) One of the newest and most exciting fields of
B) The stability of an ecosystem is not threatened application for language technology is that of
by the disappearance of a single species but domestic appliances operated by voice
with the extinction of a second or third species, command.
the risk becomes dramatic.
D) Domestic appliances which are operated by
C) Not only is the disappearance of a single species voice command are an interesting, if not new,
dramatic but the extinction of a second, third, or application of language technology.
greater number of species also threatens the
stability of the ecosystem. E) Language technology’s most profitable and
promising field of application is surely domestic
D) While the disappearance of a single species may appliances operated by voice command.
not be dramatic, when a second, third, or greater
number of species becomes extinct it may
threaten the stability of the ecosystem.
7
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ÜDS İNG FEN BİL. / EKİM 2008
43. In 1815, on the Indonesian island of Sumbawa,
42. – 46. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parça- Mount Tambora blew up in the largest volcanic
da anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirile- eruption in recorded history, ejecting 20 times the
bilecek cümleyi bulunuz. amount of rock that flew from Vesuvius in 79 A.D.
Superhot ash and rock burned or buried all in its
42. Is there such a thing as a “gay brain”? ----. Gay path, including the tiny kingdom of Tambora. The
men tended to have brains that were more like death toll was 92,000. Wind-blown clouds from
those of straight women than of straight men – the 27-mile-high plume of ash dimmed the Sun’s
the right and left sides were about the same size, rays. ----. After the eruption, Sumbawa was
the researchers found. Gay women's brains largely uninhabited for decades.
tended to be more like those of straight men than
of straight women – the right side tended to be A) Scientists have uncovered three houses under
slightly larger than the left. ten feet of ash near Tambora
A) Such research is full of uncertainty, and it could B) As a result of the darkness, crops in the
not rule out the possibility that the findings were surrounding regions failed, and many people
the result of changes that occurred in response went hungry
to experiences and behaviours, rather than being
inborn C) Volcanologists are searching the area with
ground-penetrating radar
B) Some scientists say the new findings are part of
an increasingly convincing body of evidence that D) Archaeologists will continue excavating the area
suggests sexual orientation results from
E) Some scientists say that Tambora could be the
fundamental developmental differences that are
Pompeii of the East
probably caused by hormonal exposures in the
womb
D) In 1991, brain scientists reported that the 44. The honeybees that pollinate agricultural crops in
hypothalamus, which is involved in sexual the US were bred from stock originally brought
behaviour, tended to be smaller in gay men than over from Europe in the 1600s. ----. Whether
in straight men caused by a new insecticide, disease, or a mix of
stressors, the losses have resulted in a great deal
E) To find out, scientists used magnetic resonance of research and a query: Could native bees take
imaging, or MRI, to compare the symmetry of the their place? Of the thousands of US species,
brains of 25 “straight” men and 25 “straight” some efficiently tend crops like apples and
women with those of 20 gay men and 20 gay alfalfa. A few, like the orchard mason bee, are
women already in commercial use. Advocates are
fighting to preserve wild and weedy lands that
support these natives.
8
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ÜDS İNG FEN BİL. / EKİM 2008
45. The biofuels currently manufactured in the US are 46. ----. Forests are dying, most impressively by
doing great things for some farmers and some burning. The damage done by wildfires in the US,
large agricultural companies, but little for the the vast majority of them in the western states,
environment. The corn used to manufacture has increased greatly since the late 1980s. In
ethanol requires large doses of herbicide and 2006, nearly ten million acres were destroyed.
nitrogen fertilizer and can cause more soil With temperatures in the region up by 2°C over
erosion than any other crop. ----. Biodiesel from the past 30 years, spring is coming sooner to the
soybeans is only slightly better. western mountains. The snowpack – already
Environmentalists also fear that rising prices for diminished by drought – melts earlier in the year,
both crops will push farmers to plow up some 35 drying the land and creating perfect conditions
million acres of marginal farmland now set aside for wildfires. As hotter summers extend into
for soil and wildlife conservation, potentially autumn, the fires are ending later as well.
releasing even more carbon from the soil in those
fields. A) People in the western part of the US are not yet
suffering from water shortage, but trees are
A) Unlike the ancient carbon unlocked by the
burning of fossil fuels, the carbon in biofuels B) It is thought that precipitation in the
comes from the atmosphere and is returned southwestern US will decline steadily over the
there when the fuels are burned next few decades
B) Such renewable fuels could also improve the C) The fires are not only more frequent; they are
US economy and help it to become less also hotter and more damaging
dependent on other countries D) Most forests in the southwest of the US have
C) The boom in corn production has pushed corn always burned frequently, but at low intensity
prices to levels not seen in years, causing US E) The typical tree bears the marks of many such
growers to plant the largest crop since World fires, with black scars where the flames
War II consumed the bark
D) Additionally, producing corn ethanol consumes
just about as much fossil fuel as the ethanol
itself replaces
E) The key to intelligent biofuel production is to
learn how to make it from plant material other
than food, such as plant stalks, grasses, fast-
growing trees, or even algae
9
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49. Brian :
47. – 51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş - Have you ever heard of “exoplanets”?
bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi
bulunuz. Duncan :
- Exoplanets? No. What are they?
47. Fred :
- I am sure you are familiar with Darwin’s theory Brian :
of evolution, aren’t you? - ----
Student : Duncan :
- Well, I can’t say I am. Can you summarize it for - So you mean they are extrasolar planets
me? orbiting their own suns.
48. Karen :
- Did you know that nicotine actually changes the
structure of the brain in a way that may cause
addiction?
Scott :
- ----
Karen :
- And that’s not all; between 1998 and 2004,
tobacco companies increased the amount of
nicotine in cigarettes.
10
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ÜDS İNG FEN BİL. / EKİM 2008
50. Stephen : 51. Anthony :
- Currently, the plastics industry is undergoing a - Our research shows that the continents contain
major change. rocks up to 4 billion years old.
Timothy : Simon :
- How do you mean? - That is amazing, isn’t it?
Stephen : Anthony :
- ---- - ----
C) It is a fact that the production and burning of D) As most scientists suggest, over millions of
petrochemical plastics increases CO2 levels in years, mountains rise where plates collide, and
the atmosphere. oceans form where plates diverge.
D) Evidently, recycling bioplastics into fuel could E) In fact, it is generally accepted that almost all of
reduce concerns about the use of food crops in the oceanic floor is less than 180 million years
biofuels production. old.
11
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55. (I) The global climate is changing as it always has;
52. – 56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okun- species will go extinct as they always have; other
duğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan species will prosper. (II) Humans may be influencing
cümleyi bulunuz. the change, but they didn’t create the change.
(III) Global warming is as dynamic as many other
52. (I) More people than ever before live in areas earthly processes. (IV) Of course it is important to
vulnerable to natural disasters. (II) For average monitor which changes are being influenced by
citizens, this research translates to better humans, but it must be remembered that change is
preparedness when faced with the unexpected. natural, and Earth will continue to change no matter
(III) Over a billion people live under the shadow of the what humans may or may not do. (V) Humans as a
world’s 1,900 active volcanoes, yet only a few of species must accept this, and figure out how best to
these volcanoes are adequately monitored. adapt to the change, not how to control it.
(IV) Accurate weather forecasting is the best defense
against hurricanes, but landfall predictions remain A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
inaccurate by an average of 70 miles, and many
hurricane warnings go unheeded. (V) Tsunamis can
form too quickly for an official warning, but
recognizing the immediate signs, such as a rapidly
receding ocean, can give people precious minutes to
reach safety.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
12
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58. It is pointed out in the passage that the mapping
57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre of dark matter ----.
cevaplayınız.
A) has only been possible on the basis of a theory
formulated by Einstein
Dark matter is the invisible and mysterious material
that makes up 22 per cent of the stuff in the universe. B) has been an easy task for astronomers, since
It is one of the greatest scientific unknowns. It does they know its exact location
not emit light; nor does it reflect light or absorb it.
While we are unable to see dark matter itself, we are C) was originally suggested by Einstein, but it is
able to create maps of it. We can clearly pinpoint its only now that this has been achieved
location by observing the effects of its mass on light
from distant galaxies. This can be explained with D) has revealed a much closer and more extensive
reference to Einstein, who points out that a massive interaction among galaxies
object will curve the fabric of space and that light will
follow this deformed path. So we can look at how E) was first attempted by Einstein, who had already
light from galaxies has been bent and, consequently, studied the light emitted by galaxies
infer the quantity and location of the matter that did
the bending. In fact, by using this method, a team of
astronomers have recently managed to create the
first three-dimensional map of the immense structure
of dark matter.
59. It is clear from the passage that the mass and
size of dark matter ----.
57. One understands from the passage that dark C) distort the fabric of space and, therefore, cannot
matter ----. be explored properly
A) has a very complex structure that has caused D) are so immense that it is out of question to study
much controversy among astronomers them in detail
B) has been thoroughly explored and studied by a E) can only be understood through the curves made
number of astronomers by the light from galaxies
E) with its great mass was already known by 60. One can maintain that the passage ----.
Einstein and a team of astronomers
A) focuses solely on the process whereby Einstein
was able to locate dark matter
13
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62. Emphasis is put on the fact that the United States
61. – 64. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre ----.
cevaplayınız.
A) has the ability to drastically decrease
Using coal to make electricity accounts for about a greenhouse gases in the country
third of America’s carbon emissions. As a result,
tackling emissions from coal-fired power plants B) has developed efficient technologies for the
represents our best opportunity to make sharp prevention of environmental pollution
reductions in greenhouse gases. Fortunately, the
C) is the only country in the world that largely
United States already has the technology to do that.
depends on coal for its energy needs
Unfortunately, right now the country is addicted to
coal, a cheap, abundant power source. Burning coal D) has made great technological advances in
produces more than half the country’s electricity, processing large amounts of waste
despite its immense human and environmental costs.
Air pollutants from coal-fired power plants cause E) is seriously concerned about the human and
somewhere between 20,000 and 30,000 premature environmental effects of its energy policy
deaths in the United States each year. Besides, fifty
tons of mercury are pumped into the atmosphere
annually from coal plants. In addition, the extraction
of coal, from West Virginia to Wyoming, devastates
the physical environment, and its processing and
burning produce gigantic volumes of waste. 63. As one learns from the passage, coal ----.
D) are blamed more for mercury emissions than for 64. In the passage, the writer ----.
carbon emissions
A) clearly explains the adverse effects that coal-
E) have caused widespread environmental fired power plants have in America
destruction in West Virginia and Wyoming
B) criticizes the United States government for not
following a clear energy policy
14
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ÜDS İNG FEN BİL. / EKİM 2008
66. It is emphasized in the passage that mass ----.
65. – 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
cevaplayınız. A) is the weight of a thing and is wholly dependent
on gravity
According to the most accurate scientific theory ever
created and generally known as the standard model, B) is fundamentally different from weight and the
all of space is filled with a mysterious stuff called “the two terms should not be confused
Higgs field”. Unlike magnetic or gravitational fields,
C) can only be observed in magnetic and
which vary from place to place (as, for instance, the
gravitational fields
fact that things weigh more on Earth than on the
surface of the Moon), the Higgs field is exactly the D) shows no difference on Earth and on the surface
same everywhere. What varies is how the different of the Moon
fundamental particles interact with it. That interaction,
the theory goes, is what gives particles mass. In E) is essentially a function of how particles interact
other words, the Higgs field is what makes some with the Higgs field
particles, such as protons and neutrons, relatively
heavy, others (like electrons) subatomic lightweights,
and still others (like photons) utterly massless. If
photons weren’t so light, a person would be shredded
by a photon hailstorm every time he or she was
exposed to a sunbeam. Then again, if protons and
neutrons weren’t so heavy, one wouldn’t dare to go
outside to sunbathe anyway. So without mass and its 67. As is pointed out in the passage, the Higgs field
affinity for gravity, there would be no galaxies, no ----.
stars, and no us.
A) covers space completely and is of a
homogeneous nature
15
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70. It is suggested in the passage that global
69. – 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre warming ----.
cevaplayınız.
A) has always been considered to be the single
Hurricanes, which are circular storms spinning most important cause of hurricanes throughout
around a region of low atmospheric pressure, are the world
powered by energy released by spiralling surface
winds that draw heat from the ocean. Warmer seas B) has been a major topic of research among
provide more energy and make hurricanes stronger. climate scientists over the past 50 years or so
This is what happened during Hurricane Katrina in
C) is most intense in regions where atmospheric
August 2005, which submerged New Orleans and the
pressure is very low and sea surface
vicinity. In fact, according to climate scientists, both
temperatures very high
the intensity and destructiveness of hurricanes have
increased markedly since the 1970s. In other words, D) was first recognized by climate scientists in the
the energy released by an average hurricane 1970s and has always been correlated with
appears to have increased by about 70 per cent hurricanes
within the past 30 years. This increase correlates
very closely with rises in sea surface temperatures. E) may have played a major role over the years in
Furthermore, tropical oceans have warmed about the rise of temperature in the oceans in tropical
one degree Fahrenheit in the past 50 years, a rise regions
that is believed to be chiefly the result of global
warming.
71. It is explained in the passage that a hurricane ----.
D) the increasingly warm ocean must have provided 72. One of the points emphasized in the passage is
it with an unusual amount of energy that, over the last 30 years, ----.
E) climate scientists did not believe that such a A) the average hurricane’s energy has risen by
hurricane could happen in the New Orleans area almost three-quarters
16
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ÜDS İNG FEN BİL. / EKİM 2008
74. A point made in the passage is that the
73. – 76. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre organisms found in rivers and streams
cevaplayınız. ----.
Rivers and streams generally support communities of A) live in the silt that is formed by the accumulation
organisms quite different from those of lakes and of various kinds of organic material
ponds. A river or stream changes greatly between its
source and the point at which it empties into a lake or B) are completely consumed by waterfowl, frogs,
the sea. Near the source, a stream’s water is usually and fish
cold, low in nutrients, and clear. The channel is often
C) are more abundant nearer to the source
narrow, with a swift current that does not allow much
silt to accumulate on the bottom. Most of the D) depend on worms and insects for their food
organisms found here are supported by the rather than on algae and other nutrients
photosynthesis of algae attached to rocks or by
organic material, such as leaves, carried into the E) are quite unlike the ones found in lakes and
stream from the surrounding land. Downstream, a ponds
river or stream generally widens and slows. The
water is usually warmer and may be cloudier
because of sediments and other particles suspended
in it. Worms and insects that burrow into the mud are
abundant, as are waterfowl, frogs, fish, and other
water animals.
17
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79. According to the passage, it is over the last
77. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre century that ----.
cevaplayınız.
A) deforestation in the world has become
People have been pushing into forestlands for dangerously extensive
thousands of years, but during the last century,
scientists say, the rate of global forest reduction has B) scientists have become aware of the variety of
reached alarming levels. About 50 million acres of ecosystems in North America
forest are cleared every year. Much of Europe’s
C) the paper industry in America has become
original forests are gone. The forests of North
dependent on forest farms
America, which once dominated the landscape, have
shrunk by almost 40% in the last two centuries to D) solutions for the conservation of natural
make room for people and meet the demand for forestlands have gone into effect
lumber and paper. Not only have many of the animals
that depend on these ecosystems disappeared, but E) the reduction of natural forests has been brought
various species of trees have also been depleted. under control
Timber farms on land that once sustained natural
forests have little of the biodiversity of the original
forests, with pesticides and other chemicals allowing
the land to support only a few kinds of life.
77. The passage as a whole deals with ----. 80. It is stressed in the passage that, over the last
two centuries, ----.
A) the process of deforestation in Europe taking
place over thousands of years A) the demand in the world for lumber and paper
has reached alarming levels
B) the steps taken for the restoration of lost
forestlands in North America B) many lost species of trees have been recovered
in Europe’s forestlands
C) the biodiversity that the lost forests of Europe
once had C) no pesticides and chemicals have been allowed
in North America’s forests
D) the alarming question of deforestation and its
harmful impact on ecosystems D) nearly half of North America’s forestlands have
been cleared for various reasons
E) the uses of pesticides and chemicals for the
protection of forestlands E) the area of natural forests has been sustained
throughout the world
18
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1. - 18. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere 7. It is hoped that the construction of the world’s
uygun düsen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. tallest residential building, the Chicago Spire,
which ---- at the end of last year, ---- by late 2010.
A) was commenced / will have been completed
1. A team of scientists at the California Institute of
Technology has developed a lensless B) commences / will complete
microscope which is the size of a coin and can C) has been commenced / would be completed
quickly and cheaply scan blood ---- for tumour D) has commenced / has been completed
cells and parasites. E) had commenced / is to be completed
A) features B) variations
C) maladies D) samples 8. Humanity ---- an unusual period of food surplus
E) assessments since the Green Revolution ---- in the mid-1960s.
A) enjoyed / was beginning
2. For the past 40 years, the ---- view about the B) was enjoying / had begun
formation of our universe has been that it began C) has enjoyed / began
about 14 billion years ago in a cosmic fireball D) has been enjoying / has begun
known as the “Big Bang.”
E) is enjoying / would begin
A) complete B) common
C) profound D) bearable
9. Scientists ---- the common cold as ---- by a family
E) vulnerable of over 200 viruses.
A) were regarded / having been caused
3. For those obsessed with punctuality, B) are regarded / having caused
new-generation clocks, which tune into the
nearest official time transmitter to keep time ----,l C) regard / being caused
have been developed. D) have regarded / to have caused
A) sensibly B) accurately E) regarded / to have been caused
C) adequately D) irreversibly
E) inevitably 10. If Australian conservationists ---- an extensive
preservation campaign back in the 1960s, the
population of saltwater crocodiles of the north ----
4. Studies of the negative effects of plastic on the even less than the present number of 100.
human body show that the plastic products we
use every day ---- with our hormone systems. A) have not implemented / is
A) restrict B) associate B) would not implement / would have been
C) dismay D) unite C) weren’t implementing / will have been,
E) interfere D) weren’t implemented / will, be
E) had not implemented / would be
5. A Japanese information technologies company
has produced an amazing mirror that enables 11. Scientists are worried that the use of biofuels
customers to ---- clothes that shops don’t have in instead of fossil fuels ---- little to reduce carbon
stock. emissions, although this ---- a widespread
A) hold onto B) put out assumption until quite recently.
C) try on D) count on A) does / will be
E) draw out B) will do / wasB
C) had done / has been
6. The sun ---- electromagnetic radiation that ranges D) will have done / had been
from infrared to ultraviolet. E) would have done / would be
A) throws into B) gives off
C) breaks down D) brings up 12. Today, spam mail constitutes more than 90 per
E) makes up for cent ---- all e-mail traffic all ---- the world.
A) with / through B) to / across
C) at / around D) by / within
E) of / over
13. Some types of microscopic organisms, called 19. - 23. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmis
hyperthermophilic bacteria, can survive ---- yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
extremely high temperatures, sometimes even ----
100°C.
Probably every literate person is familiar with the famous
A) under / for B) on / with
relativity equation: E=mc2. (19) ---- by Albert Einstein in
C) in / by D) at / above 1905, this equation has been used by many scientists. In
E) within / as fact, it is (20) ---- formula in modern physics. (21) ---- no
new theory has as yet invalidated this fundamental
14. In less-developed parts of the world, there are equation, though physicists are (22) ---- testing its validity
few modern urban water networks, ---- the people by means of experiments. The latest one of (23) ----
living in these areas do not have access to safe experiments was conducted last year at the Institut
drinking water. Laue-Langevin.
A) so B) even if C) because 19.
D) while E) though A) To be formulated B) To formulate
C) Formulating D) Formulated
15. Every year, more than 15,000 scuba dives are E) Having formulated
performed off the coral reefs of Cayman Islands, 20.
---- these sites can actually support only 5,000 A) more famous than B) the most famous
dives per year without any damage to the reefs. C) most famous D) more famous
A) since B) but C) if E) famous
D) just as E) in case 21.
A) However B) Although
16. What you say about the problem may be true in C) Nevertheless D) Still
theory, ---- in practice it does not contribute to the
E) Moreover
solution of the problem.
22.
A) when B) so that
A) effortlessly B) continually
C) although D) for
C) recklessly D) fundamentally
E) because
E) strongly
23.
17. Thanks to a newly developed battery-charging
device called “the Chargepod,” we will no longer A) most B) any C) whose
have to use different chargers ---- recharge D) such E) as such
different mobile gadgets, like cell phones and
iPods.
24. - 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde
A) with reference to B) due to tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
C) in order to D) with regard to
E) according to
24. Though wind power certainly has the advantage
of being a clean source of energy, ----.
18. Scientists recently completed the largest-ever A) it was increasingly used in many countries with
astronomical survey of the sky, during ---- they relatively stable weather patterns
retained images that are expected to help them
B) it can hardly be a reliable one as weather
understand the origins of galaxies.
conditions are so changeable
A) whose B) that C) when
C) many governments are investing in wind power
D) whom E) which projects in greater amounts
D) wind turbines are not too costly to produce
E) changes in weather can be predicted, which
makes it possible to take timely precautions
25. If the global desertification process continues at 29. ----, but now scientists know that some cells in
its current rate, ----. the eye can detect light even when the eyes are
A) the effects of the environmental changes of the closed.
past few decades have been dramatic A) Until recently, little was known about why
B) more than 60,000 square kilometres of sleeping people feel alert in brightly-lit rooms
productive land is being lost every year B) Sleep has always been a mysterious state of
C) the world will lose much of its arable land to mind for psychologists
barren desert C) Hormonal imbalances are known to cause sleep
D) 26% of the Earth’s land surface is classified as disorders
severely degraded D) Light travels faster than sound in both the
E) reforestation programs are being initiated by atmosphere and in water
governments in a number of countries E) The eye is a complex structure enabling the
organism to visually perceive its surroundings
26. ----, yet there are also rare penguin species that
inhabit warmer regions of the Earth. 30. Swedish researchers have found that most
A) Most penguins are black on the back and white white horses, which are actually born coloured,
in front and seldom have any other colour carry a mutation called “greying with age,” ----.
B) Most penguins are flightless birds that live in the A) despite the fact that their tendency to age more
cold waters of the Southern Hemisphere quickly is observable
C) Penguins live in crowded colonies with B) as if the greying of these animals were similar to
populations ranging from hundreds of thousands the greying of human hair
to several million C) in case they are more prone to skin cancer than
D) In the 19th and 20th centuries, penguins were other horses
threatened by hunters and the penguin oil D) and this makes them rapidly turn grey and then
industry completely white within eight years
E) The features of the life cycle vary with the body E) so that the changes in colour do not always
size of the specific penguin species indicate poor health
27. Whereas life forms in the world’s cold and icy 31. ----, it is believed that the effect is intensified
lands are scarce, ----. artificially by the emission of greenhouse gases
A) the ice sheet of Antarctica contains about 30 into the atmosphere as a result of human activity.
million cubic kilometres of ice A) Although the greenhouse effect is a naturally
B) Antarctica supports only a few species of occurring phenomenon
cold-adapted land plants and animals B) Since the atmosphere includes different types of
C) marine life in the seas surrounding Antarctica is gases
rich and diverse C) Despite the fact that human activity is one of the
D) Antarctica is fifth in size among the world’s causes of global warming
continents D) Even if the Earth’s climate changes due to the
E) the geologic evolution of Antarctica has followed high rate of greenhouse gas emissions
a course similar to those of the other southern E) As the emission of carbon dioxide is partly
continents related to the use of fossil fuels
28. Home to more than 400 types of coral, over 1,500 32. Climate change commands the most attention
fish species, and 200 types of birds, ----. as the major factor causing the disintegration of
A) they are known to constitute the fauna of the the Earth’s ice shelves, ----.
Great Barrier Reef of Australia A) since scientists are trying to find ways to control
B) climate change and environmental pollution climate change
pose a serious threat to the Great Barrier Reef B) still, the other causes of the breaking up of the
C) the /Australian government spends huge ice should not be ignored
amounts of money on preserving the Great C) for global warming is the major cause of a
Barrier Reef variety of environmental problems
D) oceanographers are still trying to map the D) in case the ecological balance of the planet has
currents in the Great Barrier Reef been disturbed by it
E) Australia’s Great Barrier Reef accommodates an E) so climate change has been the result of a
astonishing diversity of life myriad of factors
33. For centuries, mapmakers noted that the Earth’s 36. - 38. sorularda, verilen ingilizce cümleye
continents seemed to fit together like giant anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.
puzzle pieces, ----.
A) and they were able to discover new continents
36. According to some experts, rebuilding efforts
B) because they are far from one another commenced in southwestern China following the
C) yet they explained in detail how continental May 12 earthquake could damage the pandas’
movements occur largest remaining natural habitat.
D) as if they had once been joined together A) Bazı uzmanlar, pandaların geriye kalan en geniş
E) for they believed that continents could not move doğal yaşam alanının 12 Mayıs’ta güneybatı
Çin’de meydana gelen depremin ardından
başlayan yeniden inşa çalışmalarının
34. A laptop on board the International Space sonucunda zarar görmesinden endişe
Station was infected last month with a virus that duymaktadır.
was later discovered to have been harmless, ----.
B) Bazı uzmanlar, güneybatı Çin’de 12 Mayıs’ta
A) since cosmonauts did not know where the virus meydana gelen depremin ardından başlatılan
\ might have come from yeniden inşa çalışmalarının pandaların kalan en
B) if it had been quarantined instantly by the geniş doğal yaşam alanının zarar görmesi-ne
security software sebep olabileceğini düşünmektedir.
C) unless they lose important data because of it C) Güneybatı Çin’de 12 Mayıs depreminden bu
D) however, it was understood that cosmonauts had yana sürdürülen yeniden inşa çalışmaların
updated it recently gözlemleyen bazı uzmanlar, pandaların kalan
E) nevertheless, cosmonauts updated their virus en geniş doğal yaşam alanlarının bu yüzden
protection systems immediately zarar görmesinden endişe etmektedir.
D) Güneybatı Çin’i 12 Mayıs’ta vuran depremin
35. Weather patterns are notoriously complex, ----. ardından başlatılan yeniden inşa çalışmaları
bazı uzmanlara göre, pandaların kalan en geniş
A) since there are currently over 150 weather
doğal yaşam alanlarını yok edebilirdi.
modification projects
E) Bazı uzmanlara göre, güneybatı Çin’de 12 Mayıs
B) in place of which a broad range of instruments is depreminin ardından başlatılan yeniden inşa
used while studying them
çalışmaları pandaların geriye kalan en geniş
C) which is why they are so hard to predict doğal yaşam alanına zarar verebilir.
D) so that new methods of predicting sudden
changes can be developed 37. Human contamination of the atmosphere, which
E) owing to the technological advances that have has been happening since mankind first began to
helped scientists to understand them use fire for heating and cooking, occurs in a
variety of forms.
A) insanoğlu ateşi ısınmak ve yemek pişirmek için
kullanmaya başladığından beri atmosferin
kirlenmesi farklı şekillerde devam etmektedir.
B) insanoğlunun ateşi ısınmak ve yemek pişirmek
için kullanmaya başlamasından bu yana
süre-gelen bir durum olan atmosferin insan
tarafından kirletilmesi, farklı şekillerde
gerçekleşir.
C) Atmosferin kirlenmesi, insanoğlunun ateşi
ısınma ve yemek pişirme gibi farklı şekillerde
kullanmasıyla başlamıştır.
D) insanoğlu, ateşi ısınma ve yemek pişirme
amacıyla kullanmaya başladığından beri
atmosferi farklı şekillerde kirletmiştir.
E) Atmosferin insan tarafından kirletilmesi,
insanoğlunun ateşi ısınma ve yemek pişirme gibi
farklı amaçlarla kullanmaya başlamasından bu
yana çeşitli şekillerde süregelen bir durumdur.
38. A significant outcome of air pollution is the high 39. - 41. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye
cost of pollution cleanup and prevention, an anlamca en yakın ingilizce cümleyi bulunuz.
example of which is the global effort to control
emissions of CO2, a gas produced from the
combustion of fossil fuels such as coal or oil, or 39. Her ne kadar 43 000 yıllık Neandertal fosillerinden
of other organic materials like wood. elde edilen DNA örneklerinin modern insanlarınki
ile aynı mutasyonlara sahip olduğu bulunmuş
A) Hava kirliliğinin önemli bir sonucu olan kirlilik
olsa da, bu atalarımızın konuşabildiği anlamına
giderme ve önlemenin yüksek maliyetini
gelmemektedir.
düşürmek için küresel çapta yapılan en önemli
girişim, kömür ve petrol gibi fosil yakıtların veya A) DNA samples from 43,000-year-old Neanderthal
odun gibi diğer organik maddelerin yanması fossils are found to have had the same
sonucu ortaya çıkan CO2 salımının kontrolünü mutations as those of modern humans, but no
sağlamaya yönelik çabadır. one can claim that our ancestors could talk.
B) Kömür ve petrol gibi fosil yakıtların veya odun B) No matter how similar DNA samples from
gibi diğer organik maddelerin yanması sonucu 43,000-year-old Neanderthal fossils and modern
ortaya çıkan CO2 salımının kontrolüne yönelik humans are in terms of mutations, this does not
küresel girişim, hava kirliliğinin önemli bir sonucu mean that our ancestors could talk.
olan kirlilik giderme ve önlemenin yüksek C) Despite mutational similarities between DNA
maliyetini düşürmeye yöneliktir. samples from 43,000-year-old Neanderthal
C) Hava kirliliğinin önemli bir sonucu kirlilik giderme fossils and those of modern humans, our
ve önlemenin yüksek maliyetidir ki bunun forefathers cannot be said to have had the ability
örneklerinden biri kömür ve petrol gibi fosil to talk.
yakıtların veya odun gibi diğer organik D) Although DNA samples from 43,000-year-old
maddelerin yanması sonucu ortaya çıkan CO2 Neanderthal fossils are found to have had the
salımının kontrolüne yönelik küresel girişimdir. same mutations as those of modern humans, this
D) CO2 sahmı kömür ve petrol gibi fosil yakıtların does not mean that our forefathers were able to
veya odun gibi diğer organik maddelerin yan- talk.
ması sonucu ortaya çikmakta, bunun kontrolüne E) While DNA samples from 43,000-year-old
yönelik küresel girişim ise hava kirliliğinin önemli Neanderthal fossils suggest that they had the
bir sonucu olan kirlilik giderme ve önlemenin same mutations as those of modern humans,
yüksek maliyetini düşürmeye yönelik olarak this is not an indication of their ability to talk.
yapılmaktadır.
E) Kirlilik giderme ve önlemenin yüksek maliyeti 40. İnsan vücudundaki en sert madde olan diş
hava kirliliğinin en önemli sonucu olup, bunu minesi kayba uğradığında yenilenemez.
düşürmeye yönelik en önemli küresel girişim A) Tooth enamel, which is the hardest substance in
kömür ve petrol gibi fosil yakıtların veya odun the human body, cannot be replaced if lost.
gibi diğer organik maddelerin yanması sonucu B) If it is lost, tooth enamel cannot be replaced as it
ortaya çıkan CO2 salımnın kontrolünü is the hardest substance in the human body.
sağlamaktır.
C) Tooth enamel, which cannot be replaced if lost,
is the hardest substance in the human body.
D) Tooth enamel is the hardest substance in the
human body and it cannot be replaced if it is lost.
E) In the human body, tooth enamel is the hardest
substance and it cannot be replaced if it is lost.
41. Astronotlara daha rahat bir uçuş sağlamak için 43. The Internet is a computer-based global
NASA’nın yeni nesil roketleri sok emicilere sahip information system. ----. Each of these networks
olacak. may link tens, hundreds, or even thousands of
A) In NASA’s new-generation rockets, shock computers, enabling them to share information
absorbers have ensured a more comfortable with one another. The Internet, in this sense, has
flight for the astronauts. made it possible for people all over the world to
communicate with one another effectively and
B) NASA has used more shock absorbers in its inexpensively.
new-generation rockets so as to provide
astronauts with a comfortable flight. A) It does not have a centralized distribution system
as do radio and television
C) In order to ensure a more comfortable flight for
the astronauts, NASA’s new-generation rockets B) It is composed of many interconnected computer
will have shock absorbers. networks
D) To ensure that astronauts have a comfortable C) It has become increasingly common, especially
flight, NASA will fit its new-generation rockets over the past two decades
with shock absorbers. D) Anyone who has access to the Internet can
E) In NASA’s new-generation rockets, shock reach a vast source of information
absorbers have been used with the purpose of E) Many individuals use the Internet for
providing astronauts with a more comfortable communication and research
flight.
44. Astronomy is the study of the universe and the
42. - 46. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada celestial bodies, gas, and dust within it.
anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek Astronomy includes observations and theories
cümleyi bulunuz. about the solar system, the stars, the galaxies,
and the general structure of space. People who
study astronomy are called astronomers. ----.
42. In physics, a force is a push or pull on an object. These methods usually involve ideas related to
There are four fundamental forces, three of which the laws of physics, so most astronomers are, at
are involved in keeping stable atoms in one piece the same time, astrophysicists.
and determining how unstable atoms will decay. A) A wide range of astronomical objects are
----. The electromagnetic force keeps electrons accessible to astronomers
attached to their atom; the strong force holds the
B) Astronomy is the oldest science, dating back
protons and the neutrons together in the nucleus;
thousands of years
and the weak force governs how atoms decay
when they have too many protons or neutrons. C) Using a variety of equipment, they analyze the
The fourth fundamental force, gravity, only objects in the sky
becomes apparent with objects much larger than D) They use a wide variety of methods while
subatomic particles. performing their research
A) These are the electromagnetic force, the strong E) The astronomers’ field of study is distinct from
force, and the weak force that of the astrophysicists
B) There is a fourth fundamental force, which
scientists have not yet been able to identify
C) Decay of unstable atoms is a phenomenon that
has been discovered recently
D) To describe in detail how atoms behave,
scientists have developed the quantum theory
E) Under certain conditions, unstable atoms are
affected by other forces
45. Geneticists seek to understand how the 47. - 51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş
information encoded in genes is used and bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.
controlled by cells, and how the smallest
differences in genes can disrupt an organism’s
development. Increasingly, modern genetics 47. Jerry: Have you heard that South Korean
involves genetic engineering, a technique used scientists recently cloned a pit bull terrier for its
by scientists to manipulate genes. Genetic American owner?
engineering has led to many advances in Sarah: Yes, and the owner paid $25,000 for five
medicine and industry. ----. genetically identical copies.
A) Nevertheless, there has been less misconduct Jerry: _________
than was once predicted Sarah: Never, even if it were for free!
B) For instance, there are controversies over the A) Would you be willing to pay that much money for
possible unethical use of this technique cloned copies of your pet?
C) In fact, much of the controversy over the use of B) Have you ever seen a cloned animal?
genetic engineering has nothing to do with C) Would you consider having your cat cloned, if you
recreating life had the chance?
D) As a result, there has been much unethical use D) Have you ever thought about the ethical
of genetic engineering implications of cloning animals?
E) However, the potential for abuse of this E) Do you regard the cloning of animals for research
technique has also provoked many ethical and purposes as acceptable?
legal controversies
48. Harry: The government may soon be able to
46. Weather forecasting involves predicting how the access everyone’s phone calls and e-mails.
present state of the atmosphere will change.
Sally: ___________
Present weather conditions are obtained by
ground observations, observations from sea and Harry: Yes, and that is the main concern about it.
aircraft, Doppler radars, and satellites. ----. These But the purpose of the proposed regulation is to
charts, maps, and graphs are then sent counteract terrorism.
electronically to forecast offices, where local and Sally: Still, officials should make sure that civil
regional weather forecasts are made. In addition, liberties are not infringed.
these offices prepare weather advisories and A) It could be an effective way of preventing
warnings of severe weather. terrorism.
A) Electronically transmitted observations are B) Wouldn’t that be a violation of privacy?
generally used instead of charts, maps, and C) Has the government approved of the proposed
graphs regulation?
B) Forecast offices send charts, maps, and graphs D) Are you concerned about its implications?
to satellites and other sources of information E) Would you want your communications to be
C) This information is sent to meteorological accessed by the government?
centres, where data are collected, analyzed, and
made into charts, maps, and graphs
49. Peter: Are you still using the old version of your
D) Such equipment is controlled electronically by Internet browser?
charts, maps, and graphs in forecast offices
Susan: Yes, and I’m quite happy with it.
E) Weather advisories and warnings of severe
weather help meteorologists to prepare charts, Peter: ____________
maps, and graphs Susan: Oh, I didn’t know about that. I’ll take your
advice, for I really don’t want to be hacked.
A) Do you know the cost of updating your browser?
B) I’ve been attacked by hackers myself!
C) When was the last time you updated that
browser?
D) You should have had your computer upgraded a
long time ago; then you wouldn’t have lost all
your important data.
E) You should use the new version, which was
developed after a major security vulnerability was
discovered in the old one.
50. Brenda: I want to buy a good telescope for my 53. (I) We benefit from the results of mathematical
son. Do you have any suggestions? research every day. (II) The fibre-optic network
Shop Assistant: You should check out this new carrying our telephone conversations, for example,
amateur device. It is handheld, so there is no was designed with the help of mathematical
need for a tripod, it is easy to use, and it is quite research. (III) Our computers are the result of millions
inexpensive. of hours of mathematical analysis. (IV) Mathematics
Brenda: _________ is a basic component of the primary and secondary
education curricula. (V) Weather prediction, the |
Shop Assistant: Then you should be prepared to design of fuel-efficient automobiles and airplanes,
spend a little more. traffic control, and medical imaiginigi alli depend upon
A) But he already has something amateurish. I want mathematical analysis.
to get him something more sophisticated. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
B) The price tag on it confirms that.
C) I want my son to decide which to get.
D) I heard that not all expensive telescopes are 54. (I) Any given place may have several different
necessarily good in performance and quality. ecosystems that vary in size and complexity.
E) I can’t afford to get a professional instrument, and (II) Humans benefit from these smoothly-functioning
this handheld one seems quite convenient. ecosystems in many ways. (III) A tropical island, for
example, may have a rain forest ecosystem that
51. Sharon: I need a memory card that is compatible covers hundreds of square miles, a swamp
with my laptop. ecosystem along the coast, and an underwater coral
Shop Assistant: ___________ reef ecosystem. (IV) No matter how the size or
Sharon: I think two gigabytes will be enough to complexity of an ecosystem is characterized, all
store all my files. ecosystems exhibit a constant exchange of matter
and energy between the living and non-living
Shop Assistant: Then I suggest this one. It has
elements. (V) This constant exchange between these
the memory volume you want, and it is quite
elements makes ecosystems highly interconnected.
user-friendly.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) Do you have enough money for a two-gigabyte
card?
B) What is the operating system on your laptop? 55. (I) Photosynthesis is a very complex process that
plant biologists divide into two stages. (II) In the first
C) How much memory capacity do you need?
stage, the light-dependent reaction, the chloroplast
D) Where do you store your files? traps light energy and converts it into chemical
E) What do you think about this memory card? energy. (III) In the second stage, called the light-
independent reaction, glucose is formed and
synthesized. (IV) These two stages reflect the literal
52. - 56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla
meaning of the term photosynthesis, to build with
okun-duğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüqünü
light. (V) Most plants, therefore, produce more
bozan cümleyi bulunuz.
glucose than they use during photosynthesis.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
52. (I) Volcanic eruptions in populated regions are a
significant threat to people, property, and agriculture.
(II) Most volcanoes have steep sides, but some can
be gently sloping mountains or even flat tablelands, 56. (I) There are two main categories of polluting
plateaus, or plains. (III) The volcanoes above sea materials, or pollutants. (II) Biodegradable pollutants
level are the best known, but the vast majority of the are materials, such as sewage, that rapidly
world's volcanoes lie beneath the sea, formed along decompose by natural processes. (III) Pollution has a
the global oceanic ridge systems. (IV) More than dramatic effect on natural resources. (IV) These
1,500 above-sea volcanoes have been active during pollutants become a problem when added to the
the past 10,000 years, 539 of them erupting one or environment faster than they can decompose. (V)
more times in recorded history. (V) On average, 50 to Nondegradable pollutants are materials that either
60 above-sea volcanoes worldwide are active in any do not decompose or decompose slowly in the
given year; about half of these are continuations of natural environment, and when these pollutants
eruptions from previous years, and the rest are new. contaminate the environment, it is difficult or
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V impossible to remove them.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
57. - 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre 59. It can be inferred from the passage that ----.
cevaplayınız. A) the flexibility and efficiency of AI has matched
and even surpassed that of humans
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the ability of a digital computer B) developing a system that has human-like
or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly features will obviously remain an impossibility
associated with intelligent beings. The term is frequently C) humans are still better than computers in such
applied to the project of developing systems endowed tasks as proving mathematical theorems
with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, D) despite the continuing advances, computer
such as the ability to reason, discover meaning, technology cannot be used efficiently in fields
generalize, or learn from past experience. Since the such as voice or handwriting recognition
development of the digital computer in the 1940s, it has E) although a lot has been achieved, AI is as yet in
been demonstrated that computers can be programmed its infancy particularly when there is a need for
to perform very complex tasks, such as discovering proofs everyday knowledge
for mathematical theorems or playing chess, with great
proficiency. Still, although there are continuing advances
in computer-processing speed and memory capacity,
there are as yet no programs that can match human
flexibility over wider domains or in tasks requiring much
everyday knowledge. On the other hand, some
extraordinary programs have attained performance levels
beyond those of human experts and professionals
engaged in certain specific tasks. AI, in this limited sense, 60. According to the passage, some outstanding AI
is used efficiently and found in applications as diverse as applications ----.
medical diagnosis, computer search engines, and voice A) are fully-developed in terms of processing speed
or handwriting recognition. and memory capacity
B) are not as efficient as desired in a number of
57. It can be understood from the passage that some fields, including medical diagnosis
programs equipped with AI ----. C) are soon to be employed in the development of
A) perform certain tasks much better than humans new and diverse systems that reach beyond
human flexibility
B) have very limited memory capacity
D) have surpassed the performance levels of
C) successfully make use of much everyday
human experts
knowledge
E) are still at the stage of safety testing before they
D) have far more flexibility than is found in human
can be used in such fields as medicine and
beings
computer sciences
E) are very limited in scope
61. - 64. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre 63. It can be understood from the passage that ----.
cevaplayınız. A) parasitic life forms cannot survive in open sea
B) the left side of the young pink salmon is more
According to a recent study by the University of Alberta, prone to infection
parasitic sea lice are killing a population of young wild C) adult pink salmon start to lose their scales after
pink salmon along Canada’s west coast in alarming eight years
numbers. The authors of the study say that the entire wild D) wild pink salmon are used to cleanse the water
population may be gone within eight years. With their of sea lice
protective scales, adult salmon can safely harbour the E) aqua farms are a threat to the young pink
lice, but young salmon do not yet have the protective salmon
scales, leaving them prone to deep, infection-prone
wounds left by the lice. Juveniles live in coastal waters,
which are normally far from parasite-carrying adults living
farther out to sea. Now, however, aqua farms are often
located in these same waters, destroying the young
salmon’s safe haven. Scientists argue that fish farms
must be relocated or reduced, but so far, no government
regulations have been launched to this end.
65. - 68. sorular aşağıdaki parçaya göre 67. The author explains the decrease in the number
cevaplayınız. of engineering students in colleges by calling
attention to ----.
A) the diversity among college students majoring in
Much has been said and written about the declining
engineering
numbers of and disappointing lack of diversity among
college students majoring in engineering. Among the B) the insufficient mathematics and science
factors cited to explain this paucity are the lack of backgrounds of many college candidates
exposure of high school students to the very idea of C) the importance of gaining entrance to
engineering and the fact that many have insufficient engineering schools
mathematics and science background to gain entrance to D) the enthusiasm for integrating ideas of
engineering school, even if they identify the profession as engineering into the curricula
a possible career. This is unfortunate, for the ideas of E) the identification of engineering as a possible
engineering should be integrated into the curricula not career for college-bound youth
only of high schools but also of middle and primary
schools. By not being exposed properly throughout their
education to engineering activities, children are being
done a disservice. After all, even preschool children have
the necessary conditions in their play for appreciating
exactly what engineering is: design. Indeed, design is
practised throughout their school day, even in their
before- and after-school activities. It only should be
pointed out to them that they are designing something,
and, therefore, are future engineers in the making.
65. The writer believes that ----. 68. It can be understood from the text that ----.
A) it is unfair to children not to familiarize them with A) most children are naturally drawn to activities
engineering related to design
B) not all children should participate in engineering B) a school day is not long enough to get children
activities to practice what they learn
C) it is inappropriate to include engineering in the C) the ability to design is a rare skill among pre-
curricula of middle and primary schools school and schoolchildren
D) integrating engineering into the curricula is D) it is too early to include engineering activities in
unfortunate primary and middle schools
E) involving children in engineering activities is a E) only specially-talented children are exposed to
disservice to them actual engineering activities
69. - 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre 71. According to the passage, electromagnets ----.
cevaplayınız. A) have magnetic fields that function in accord with
an electric current
The magnets that are used most commonly, such as the B) are more commonly found than permanent
ones on compasses, those used for fridge decorations, magnets
and in many other everyday tools, are called permanent C) lose their strength when their domains are
magnets. This type of magnet produces an external nudged out of alignment
magnetic field that attracts or repels iron, and it may lose D) may damage the structure of such instruments
its strength when mistreated. Inside a magnet are groups as telephone receivers
of atoms called domains. The magnetizing process, which E) have domains that are usually out of alignment
exposes a material to increasingly strong magnetic fields,
aligns these domains in a single direction, where they
become locked in a crystalline structure. High heat,
radiation, strong electrical currents, or other nearby
magnets, though, can damage that structure, nudging the
domains out of alignment and diminishing the attractive
force. Electromagnets, or non-permanent magnets, a less
familiar type, have magnetic fields that rely on an electric
current. They, thus, do not lose their strength; instead, the
strength of the field can be varied as needed. This makes
them appropriate for various applications, such as
telephone receivers.
72. It can be understood from the passage that
69. Non-permanent magnets are appropriate for a domains in permanent magnets ----.
variety of applications ----. A) become stronger in higher levels of heat or
A) even if they rely on an electric current radiation
B) although they lose their strength when exposed B) cannot produce a magnetic field when they are
to high heat or electric current locked in a crystalline structure
C) because the strength of their magnetic fields can C) align the magnetic fields in a single direction
be varied D) are what give these magnets their attractive
D) excluding communication devices force
E) and, indeed, are far more versatile than are E) cannot be altered by outward circumstances
permanent magnets
73. - 76. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre 75. We can understand from the passage that the use
cevaplayınız. of metal catalysts ----.
A) caused a decline in yield, and an increase in
cost
Glucose, nature’s most abundant sugar, may soon be
petroleum’s fiercest rival. Chemists have long searched B) is more expensive than using acid catalysts
for cheap, renewable, and non-polluting alternatives to the C) is a more efficient way of breaking down glucose
245 million tonnes of petroleum-based plastics produced than is the use of acid catalysts
annually. For years, they have been able to convert D) resulted in impurities in plastics
sugars into the chemical hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), E) involves the use of HMF
which can be used to make plastic. But the process,
which used acid catalysts to break the sugars down, was
costly and complicated by impurities and low yields.
Researchers at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
(PNLL) in Washington replaced the acid catalyst with a
metal catalyst, chromium chloride, and used it to break
down glucose, a sugar found in plant starches and
cellulose. The result: HMF yields increased 10 to 70
percent over the old processes and impurities were
eliminated. The next step to replacing petroleum is to find
a low-impact renewable source for the glucose. Scientists
hope to soon obtain glucose from cellulose rather than 76. The passage mainly deals with ----.
from plant starches. Cellulose is found in straw and A) a new and efficient way of producing plastic from
sawdust, two waste products from the agricultural and petroleum
wood industries that do not require precious farmland to
be taken away from food crops. B) different types of catalysts used in the production
of plastics
C) the environmental advantages of using plastics
73. It can be understood from the passage that made from glucose
cellulose ----.
D) ways of increasing yield in the production of
A) requires an extensive use of farmland plastics
B) is generally extracted from plant starches E) a new alternative to petroleum in plastic
C) can be derived from any kind of agricultural production
waste product
D) is not the first choice of the researchers at PNLL
E) is a more environmentally friendly option than
are plant starches _
77. - 80. sorular aşağıdaki parçaya göre 79. Underground fires in China ----.
cevaplayınız. A) release about 200 tonnes of pollutants into the air
every year
Contrary to popular belief, underground fires are a B) cause as much air pollution as do all the
surprisingly frequent phenomenon, the fuel being coal vehicles in the United States
and the fire travelling along the seams, or the thin layers C) have been burning for more than five millennia
of rock or mineral. Such fires travel slowly due to the D) consume as much energy as do all the cars in
limited supply of oxygen, but can burn for a very long the United States
time: the underground fire at Burning Mountain Nature E) are most frequently the result of industrial activity
Reserve in Australia is thought to have been continuing
for the past 5,500 years. The number of such
subterranean fires worldwide is countless. According to
one study, subterranean fires in China alone are
consuming some 200 million tonnes of coal a year and
pumping into the air as many pollutants as all the cars in
the United States. Along with numerous human-related
factors, such fires are also contributing substantially to
global warming.
NGLZCE
FEN BLMLER TEST CEVAP ANAHTARI
A KTAPÇII
1. - 18. sorularda, cümlede bof bırakılan yerlere uygun 7. Scientists ---- that by the year 2050, robot brains
düf en sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. based on computers that have the ability to
execute 100 trillion instructions per second
rivalling human intelligence.
1. The cells of all living organisms have the ---- to A) are predicting / are starting
harvest energy from the breakdown of organic
B) have predicted / would start
fuel molecules.
C) predicted / would have started
A) amount B) clarity
D) predict / will start
C) performance D) reliance
E) would predict / will have started
E) ability
5. The geological history of the Grand Canyon 10. If microchips ---- back in the late 1950s, computer
region ---- to be a lot more complex than technology ---- as advanced as it is today.
previously thought when scientists examined the A) weren’t developed / isn’t
area in more detail.
B) hadn’t been developed / wouldn’t be
A) put off B) gave up
C) wouldn’t have been developed / weren’t
C) brought about D) turned out
D) wouldn’t be developed / wouldn’t be
E) set out
E) weren’t being developed / won’t be
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12. Insects that live in colonies, such as ants, bees, 19. - 23. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada
wasps, and termites, have long fascinated numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da
everyone, ---- naturalists ---- artists. ifadeyi bulunuz.
A) among / with B) about / between
C) in / of D) between / above Air pollution is one of the major challenges that most major
E) from / to cities face. The task of cleaning up air pollution, (19)----
difficult, is not believed to be insurmountable. Use of fuels
that are low in pollutants, such as low-sulphur forms of
13. A gene giving humans a preference ---- sweet petroleum; more complete burning of fossil fuels, often in
foods was recently identified ---- researchers. (20)----with a recycling of the pollutants; and the shift to
A) over / among B) on / with less polluting forms of power generation, such as solar
energy (21)---- place of fossil fuels - all are methods that
C) to / at D) for / by can be used for controlling pollution. Over the past few
E) into / within decades, the example of London as well as of some other
cities (22)---- that 10 years or less is enough to control
this problem to a certain extent. In fact, this period is
14. The existence of galaxies was not recognized (23)---- enough to achieve major improvements in air
until the early 20th century, ---- since then galaxies quality.
have become one of the focal points of
astronomical investigation.
A) even B) because C) but 19.
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24. - 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun fekilde 28. ----, which, in turn, makes animal husbandry more
tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. profitable than it used to be in the past.
A) People with rising incomes consume more meat
and livestock products
24. Whereas ordinary solids have a definite size and
shape, ----. B) The world’s poor have been getting poorer and
less able to produce food
A) most liquids do, too
C) Much of the world’s starving population lives in
B) gases have none the sub-Saharan region, where farming is poor
C) their volumes are definite, as well D) Debate continues over whether climate change
D) liquids don’t take the form of the container will further reduce the world’s ability to feed itself
E) gases consist of a vast number of molecules E) Most countries in Africa need to invest more in
their agriculture sectors
27. Experts fear that, unless significantly higher 31. Atoms have several properties ----.
yields are achieved with genetically modified A) in case they have different numbers of protons
(GM) crops, ----. and electrons
A) genetic engineers are determined to continue to B) in which they are the smallest particles of all
work on crops that can grow in a shorter period matter
of time
C) that help distinguish one type of atom from
B) these trends led to economic development and a another
significant reduction in global hunger and poverty
D) because physicists have split the atom into many
C) certain circles are concerned about the possible subatomic particles
negative effects of GM crops on human health
E) while the electrons in an atom are very much
D) massive environmental degradation will be the smaller than the protons and neutrons
inevitable result of trying to feed the world’s
increasing population
E) the impacts of climate change on agriculture will
not be fully understood in the years ahead
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32. Quantum theory specifies new rules for 36. - 38. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye
describing the universe, ----. anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.
A) although efforts to explore it are continuing
B) as it is considered an ancient science 36. According to some physicists, the universe is
C) unless the universe cannot be described with the just a little lighter than a black hole of the same
help of its principles size.
D) just as it has introduced new ways of thinking A) Bazı fizikçilere göre, bir kara delik, aynı boyuttaki
about matter and energy evrenden sadece biraz daha ağırdır.
E) for it has not been proven or validated B) Bazı fizikçiler, evrenin, aynı büyüklükteki bir kara
scientifically delikten, sadece biraz daha hafif olduğunu öne
sürmektedirler.
C) Bazı fizikçiler, evrenin, aynı boyuttaki bir kara
33. Climatologists are not certain about the number
delik kadar hafif olduğunu varsaymaktadırlar.
of hurricanes that occurred worldwide before
1970, ----. D) Bazı fizikçilere göre, evrenin ağırlığı, aynı
boyuttaki bir kara deliğin ağırlığnı
A) although the historical data are too inconsistent
geçmemektedir.
to allow firm conclusions
E) Bazı fizikçilere göre, evren, aynı boyuttaki bir ka
B) given that sea-surface temperatures are a key
ra delikten yalnızca biraz daha hafiftir.
driver of hurricane formation
C) since an unprecedented four hurricanes hit
Florida in the summer of 2004 37. The discovery in Japan of a 130 million year old
lizard fossil may redetermine the date when
D) which global warming has led to more intense
flowering plants are believed to have emerged on
storms
Earth.
E) when satellite observations became routine
A) Çiçekli bitkilerin yeryüzünde ortaya çiktığı tarihin
yeniden belirlenmesi, Japonya’da 130 milyon
34. Some of the world’s natural resources, such as yaşında bir kertenkele fosilinin keşfiyle
natural vegetation and solar energy, are gerçekleşmiştir.
renewable, ----. B) Japonya’da 130 milyon yaşnda bir kertenkele
A) which cannot be renewed easily at a low cost fosili keşfedildikten sonra, çiçekli bitkilerin
yeryüzünde ortaya çıktığına inanılan tarih
B) while others like fossil fuels are non-renewable yeniden belirlenmiştir.
C) since they are not reliable sources of energy C) Japonya’da 130 milyon yaşnda bir kertenkele
D) if conserving them is not possible fosilinin keşfi, çiçekli bitkilerin yeryüzünde ortaya
E) some of which are non-renewable çıktığına inanilan tarihi yeniden belirleyebilir.
D) Japonya’da 130 milyon yasnda bir kertenkele
fosilinin keşfedilmesinden önce, çiçekli bitkilerin
35. New bioplastics are a lot less hazardous to our yeryüzünde daha yakın bir zamanda ortaya
planet and our natural resources, ----. çıktığına inanılıyordu.
A) even though their reserves are gradually E) Japonya’da 130 milyon yasnda bir kertenkele
shrinking due to increasing use by industries fosilinin keşfedilmesiyle, çiçekli bitkilerin
B) as plastics cannot be degraded biologically like yeryüzünde ortaya çıktığna inanilan tarih
organic materials yeniden belirlenmiştir.
C) since they require less oil and energy to produce
than traditional plastics
D) so traditional plastics are used in a wide range of
industries, including textiles and packaging
E) for the damaging effects of plastic waste on the
environment are undeniable
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38. With an estimated 200,000 species of plants and 40. Her element, diğer bir elementin atomlarından
animals, Madagascar is among the top five most farklı, tek tip atomdan oluşur.
biologically diverse countries in the world. A) An element contains only one type of atom,
A) Aşağı yukar 200.000 bitki ve hayvan türüne entirely different from other atoms.
sahip olan Madagaskar, biyolojik çeşitliliği en B) The kind of atom that makes up an element is
fazla olan dünyadaki ilk beş ülkeden biridir. usually different from the atoms of other
B) Biyolojik çeşitlilik bakımından dünyanın en elements.
önemli bes ülkesinden biri olan Madagaskar, C) Each element consists of one kind of atom, which
tahminî olarak 200.000 bitki ve hayvan türüne is different from the atoms of any other element.
sahiptir.
D) The atoms that each element has are completely
C) Madagaskar’ ın sahip oldugu bitki ve hayvan türü different from those of other elements.
200.000 civarındadır ve böylece dünyada
biyolojik çeşitliliği en zengin olan ilk beş ülke E) Each element has one set of atoms which are
arasındadır. very different from the atoms of all the other
elements.
D) Madagaskar, gerek zengin biyolojik çeşitliliği ve
gerek sahip oldu ü u 200.000 civarındaki bitki ve
hayvan türüyle, dunyanın ilk beş ülkesi arasında 41. Çin’deki sanayileşme, öyle büyük çevresel
yer almaktadır. değişikliklere yol açmıştır ki fabrikaların yaratığı
E) Tahminî 200.000 bitki ve hayvan türüyle, kirlilik dağlık alanlardaki yağışı, yüzde 50’ye varan
Madagaskar, dünyada, biyolojik olarak en çok miktarda düşürmüştür.
çeşitliliğe sahip, ilk beş ülke arasndadır. A) Industrialization in China has brought about such
massive environmental changes that pollution
created by factories has reduced the rainfall in
39. - 41. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye mountainous areas by as much as 50 per cent.
anlamca en yakın ngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.
B) Massive environmental changes in China have
resulted from industrialization, and,
39. X- ışını görüntüleme yöntemleri, kırkların consequently, the rainfall in mountainous areas
tanılanmasını bir yüzyıldan fazla zamandır daha has dropped as much as 50 per cent due to the
kolay kılmıştır, ancak X-ışınları, her zaman daha pollution caused by factories.
ince ayrntıların saptanmasında yardımcı olamaz. C) The amount of the rainfall in the mountainous
A) Although the diagnosis of fractures has been areas in China has fallen by as much as 50 per
easier for over a century, thanks to X-ray cent because of the pollution caused by
imaging methods, X-rays do not always help to factories, as massive industrialization led to
detect the finer details. environmental changes.
B) X-ray imaging methods have made diagnosing D) Industrialization in China has caused so much
fractures easier for more than a century, but environmental change that the amount of the
X-rays cannot always help to detect the finer rainfall in the country’s mountainous areas has
details. fallen 50 per cent due to the pollution brought
about by factories.
C) For over a century, it has been much easier to
diagnose fractures thanks to X-ray imaging E) China’s industrialization has led to extensive
methods, even though X-rays fail to detect the environmental changes - so much so that,
intricate parts. because of the pollution caused by factories, the
rainfall in mountainous areas has dropped to 50
D) X-rays have helped to detect the inner parts of per cent.
fractures, and, therefore, the diagnosis of
fractures has been much easier for over a
century.
E) Thanks to X-ray imaging methods, the diagnosis
of fractures has been possible for more than a
century, but the details of fractures cannot
always be detected fully.
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42. - 46. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada 44. ---- As a residential fuel, it is burned in furnaces,
anlam bütünlüğün sağlamak için getirilebilecek water heaters, cooking stoves, and clothes
cümleyi bulunuz. dryers. As an industrial fuel, it is burned in
special furnaces to bake bricks and ceramic tiles
and to produce cement. In addition to its use as a
42. Photosynthesis, the process by which green fuel, natural gas serves as a raw material for
plants and certain other organisms use the creating petrochemicals, which are used as a
energy of light to convert carbon dioxide and base product for fertilizers, detergents,
water into simple sugar glucose, occurs in green pharmaceuticals, plastics, and numerous other
plants, seaweeds, algae, and certain bacteria. goods.
These organisms are veritable sugar factories, A) Historical records show that natural gas was
producing millions of new glucose molecules per burned as a fuel as early as 250 A.D. in China.
second. ---- Some plants produce more glucose
than they use, however, and they store it in the B) There is a growing concern among developed
form of starch and other carbohydrates in their nations about the future availability of energy
roots, stems, and leaves. sources.
A) The sugar we use in our everyday lives is C) Among the most common residential fuels are
derived from plants like sugar cane and is natural gas, coal, and bottled butane and
processed in factories. propane.
B) An extremely important by-product of D) Natural gas is used both as a fuel and as a raw
photosynthesis is oxygen, on which most material in the manufacture of chemicals.
organisms depend. E) The use of fossil fuels is generally regarded as
C) Being unable to produce it, humans and other harmful to the environment, since it is a major
animals rely on the glucose produced by these cause of global warming.
organisms.
D) Plants use much of this glucose as an energy 45. Ecology is the study of the relationship of plants
source to build leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. and animals to their physical and biological
E) In plants, photosynthesis occurs in leaves and environment. The physical environment includes
green stems within specialized cell structures light and heat or solar radiation, moisture, wind,
called “chloroplasts”. nutrients in soil, water, and atmosphere. The
biological environment includes organisms of the
same kind as well as other plants and animals.
43. Insects are often regarded as pests because ---- For this reason, it draws upon such fields as
some bite, sting, spread diseases, or compete climatology, hydrology, oceanography, physics,
with humans over crop plants. ---- Without chemistry, geology, and soil analysis as well as
insects to pollinate flowers, the human race animal behaviour, taxonomy, physiology, and
would soon run out of food because many of the mathematics.
crop plants that we rely on would not be able to
reproduce. In addition, insects themselves are A) Different kinds of organisms often share the
valued as food in many parts of the world. Also, same environment, which makes the relationship
they help to recycle organic matter by feeding on between them significant.
wastes and on dead plants and animals. B) However, due to the climate and other natural
A) Therefore, humans use chemicals to get rid of factors, physical and biological environments
harmful plants growing among agricultural crops. show great diversity in the world.
B) Scientists have so far been able to identify about C) An increased public awareness of environmental
one million species of insects. problems has made ecology a common but often
misused word.
C) Nevertheless, they are of undeniably great value
to nature and to humans. D) Our understanding of environmental problems
has increased by a very large extent over the last
D) Pollination is the process by which most plants few decades.
reproduce, but there are exceptions.
E) Although the field is a distinct scientific discipline,
E) While some insects protect themselves with their it has a close relationship with other disciplines.
poison, others use camouflage.
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46. The principle of all the sciences, including 48. Customer: I’d like to buy a good camera for a
physics, is generally considered to be the reasonable price. What would you recommend?
ordering of the complex appearances detected by Shop assistant: Well, we have this professional
our senses. In other words, this is the ordering of series, with which you can get extra
what we often refer to as the “world around us”. high-resolution images and at least three types of
In fact, many people think of science as a lenses. Their prices start from $3,000.
mechanical process of collecting facts.
Essentially, science is a creative activity that in Customer: ____________
many respects resembles other creative activities Shop assistant: Then, maybe you’d consider one
of the human mind. from this series, which comes with only the
A) This is not the case at all. standard lens, but can be upgraded when
necessary. Plus, they provide equally
B) Aristotle believed that the natural state of an high-resolution images.
object is to be at rest.
A) Oh, I didn’t expect that they would be so simple.
C) It was Galileo who founded our modern view of
motion. B) Actually, photography has been a major interest
of mine for a long time.
D) As a result of Einstein’s theory of relativity, our
concepts of space and time have been C) I can see you are very informed about cameras.
completely altered. D) Oh, I don’t think I want something so
E) The list of ways in which physics, for example, professional.
relates to other fields is extensive. E) Well, that really is a good value.
47. - 51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan 49. Thomas: Did you know that e. coli, the bacteria
kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz. that upsets stomachs and kills people, can
actually
be useful?
47. Joseph: I read that Taiwanese researchers have
Julie: How so?
developed a motorcycle that runs on
compressed air. Thomas: ___________
Maria: So, what’s so special about it? Julie: Wow! That means it is going to serve as an
alternative energy source.
Joseph: _____________
A) You know, it is actually present in the intestines.
Maria: Oh, then it really is a significant invention.
B) Well, scientists have genetically engineered it to
A) The prototype has not aroused much interest
excrete biodiesel.
among the public yet.
C) It obtains the energy it needs from the intestinal
B) It requires electricity to compress the air.
flora.
C) Well, it could help to solve the problem of
D) The new method involves mixing the bacteria
pollution.
with sugar cane.
D) Actually, they have been working on it for quite
E) The newly-developed biodiesel is not as efficient
some time.
as a fossil fuel.
E) Well, they might soon start mass producing
them.
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50. Jeffrey: The swine flu outbreak seems to have 53. (I) Weight, lift, thrust, and drag are the four primary
emerged without warning, don’t you think? sources acting upon an airplane. (II) Since the 1950s,
Nathan: Yes, you have a point. But I think the aircraft technology has developed at an amazing
virus existed for some time before it was speed, making especially great advances in thrust.
discovered. (III) Weight, which is the force caused by gravity, is
also the force that offsets lift, which is the upward
Jeffrey: ____________ force on the plane, because it acts in the opposite
Nathan: The answer is likely “yes”, if more direction. (IV) Thrust, which is provided by a propeller
attention had been paid to the human-animal or a jet engine, or a combination of the two, is the
interactions that enable new viruses to emerge. force that pushes the airplane forward in the air.
(V) The fourth force, drag, is created by the friction
A) Do you think governments have taken the
that the airplane produces when moving through the
necessary measures against it?
air.
B) Could there be a more effective way of
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
monitoring the course of the disease?
C) Do you think the world faces more pandemics like
this one? 54. (I) Volcanic eruptions in populated regions are a
significant threat to people, property, and agriculture.
D) Couldn’t it have been detected and the spread of
(II) The danger is mostly from fast-moving hot flows
it prevented?
of explosively erupted materials, falling ash, and
E) Do you think vaccination against such highly destructive flows of lava and volcanic debris.
pandemics would solve the problem? (III) On the contrary, they can also be rich in natural
resources, especially with the materials that they
51. Peter: Weren’t you thinking of getting a new job as erupt. (IV) In addition, explosive eruptions, even from
a laboratory assistant? Well, here is an volcanoes in unpopulated regions, can eject ash high
advertisement. into the atmosphere, posing a danger to distant
Joanna: Oh, I have already seen that one, but I’m populations. (V) Such explosions also create drifting
not the one they are looking for. volcanic ash clouds that represent a serious hazard
to airplanes.
Peter: _______________
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
Joanna: Yes, all but a very important one. I’m not
a British citizen.
55. (I) Water vapour is the most common greenhouse
A) Don’t you want to work in Britain?
gas in the atmosphere, accounting for about 60 to 70
B) But why? You meet all the requirements. per cent of the natural greenhouse effect. (II) Humans
C) Why? Don’t you have a licence to work as a lab do not have a direct effect on water vapour levels in
assistant? the atmosphere. (III) But human activities do
increase the concentration of other greenhouse
D) Are they looking for better qualified people? gases in the atmosphere, producing warmer
E) You’re wrong; I’m sure they don’t care about temperatures. (IV) Indeed, global warming has now
citizenship. become one of the most passionately argued issues
of our time. (V) This results in an increase in the
evaporation of oceans, lakes, and rivers, raising the
52. - 56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla amount of water vapour in the atmosphere.
okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüqünü bozan
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
cümleyi bulunuz.
56. (I) For a long time, science was more or less a united
52. (I) The Anacostia River, which flows through the whole known as “natural philosophy,” and wasn’t that
heart of Washington, DC, is just one of dozens of far removed from art. (II) Then, in the 18th century,
severely polluted rivers in the US. (II) It is the distinctions between the scientific fields began to
contaminated with the molecular remnants of dyes, appear. (III) Later, in the 19th century, to take two
plastics, asphalt, and pesticides. (III) Recent tests examples, physics and chemistry went their separate
have shown that up to 68% of the river’s brown ways. (IV) Actually, several physicists in the 1930s
bullhead catfish suffer from liver cancer. (IV) Water and 1940s tried to apply their knowledge to
pollution comes from many sources, such as microbiology. (V) So, the sharp border that we now
wastewater from textile and pulp mills, agricultural see between the arts and sciences is but only a few
waste, and residential sewage. (V) Wildlife officials centuries old.
recommend that anyone who catches the river’s fish
toss them back uneaten, and swimming has been A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
banned.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
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57. - 60. sorular afağıdaki parçaya göre 58. It is clearly stressed in the passage that, before
cevaplayınız. the development of different dating methods, ----.
Palaeontology was once limited to digging up fossils A) the molecular clock was used by scientists to
and trying to deduce their age with inaccurate determine the age of fossils
methods. However, fossil analysis improved B) the age of fossils could not be determined
dramatically in the 1960s, with the advent and reliably
refinement of two techniques: radiometric dating and
C) palaeontology was regarded as a field of study
stratigraphy. The first radiometric method was also
that was only concerned with the excavation of
known as carbon-14 dating, and it was usable for
fossils
specimens younger than 50,000 years. Later,
potassium-argon dating revolutionized the field by D) it was impossible to know whether Africa was the
enabling scientists to detect the radioactive decay of home of the first human beings
elements found naturally in rocks and soil surrounding E) only the age of fossils which were older than
much older fossils. Stratigraphy, which is the study of 50,000 years could be determined accurately
rock layering, actually was developed well before the
1960s, but that was the decade scientists began to
better understand how geological conditions, earthen
layers, and fossil records all relate. The resulting
refinement of biostratigraphy, i.e., the study of the
complete life of a stratum of earth, allowed scientists
to determine the environment and lifestyle of human 59. According to the passage, stratigraphy ----.
ancestors based on fossilized flora and fauna found
within the same layer as the hominine fossils. Since A) helped scientists to understand the relationship
the 1960s, DNA testing has come to be used widely. among only fossil records
As all living organisms have the same genetic code, B) deals mainly with vegetative life in a given region
scientists can use DNA variations as a molecular C) started to be used in the study of fossils long
clock. After splitting with a common ancestor, each after its emergence as a science
generation develops a constant rate of genetic
mutations. The molecular clock allows scientists to D) later established the basis for DNA dating
calculate how long ago the split occurred based on E) allowed scientists to refine the methods of
the number of differences between species. The biostratigraphy
method is now helping scientists map the routes that
humans took out of Africa.
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61. - 64. sorular aşağıdaki parçaya göre 62. According to the passage, baleen whales are
cevaplayınız. different from toothed whales because they ----.
A) use their trachea to produce sounds
Baleen whales and toothed whales each have a unique B) communicate with other whales through whistles
way of vocalizing. Only baleen whales produce long C) can dive to immeasurable depths and find their
sequences of deep sounds known as whale songs. They ways in full darkness
have a larynx, an organ at the top of the trachea, which
D) are much more efficient in locating feeding areas
may be involved in sound production. Researchers are
in the sea
unclear about the organ’s role in the songs as whale
larynxes are unlike those of humans, which have vocal E) produce what is called the “whale song”
chords. Toothed whales, on the other hand, rely on
sequences of high-pitched clicks and whistles for both
echo location and communication with their mates. Their
phonic lips, a structure analogous to human nasal
passages, press together when air is forced through them, 63. It is clear from the passage that toothed whales
vibrating the surrounding tissue. The sound waves then
penetrate an oily organ in the whale’s head, called the A) can hardly find where their prey is located
“melon”, where they are focused into a beam of sound. B) navigate through the echoes of the sounds they
When this beam strikes a fish, the seabed, or another make
object, the sound is reflected back to the whale as an
echo. Toothed whales can thus locate prey and navigate C) often come up to the sea surface to inhale
in total darkness. However, during their long, deep dives, enough air
toothed whales cannot inhale air every time they want to D) generally swim close to the seabed while they
produce a sound. So they collect it in a sac at the back of are hunting
their head and reuse it. E) are better hunters than baleen whales, especially
in deep waters
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65. - 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre 67. It is emphasized in the passage that annual
cevaplayınız. population growth in the world ----.
A) can be reduced effectively through the
implementation of the Kyoto Protocol
The human population continues to grow by more than 75
million people annually. Since the first Earth Day in 1970, B) has the effect of raising the amount of carbon
emission rates have remained steady at about 1.2 metric emissions
tons of carbon per person per year. Unfortunately, the C) plays no role in the increase in greenhouse gas
1997 Kyoto Protocol has had little measurable effect on emissions
these per-capita emissions, even in the countries that
D) is constantly watched by the US Census Bureau
have agreed to national targets. More than any other
so that it can be kept stable
factor, population growth drives rising carbon emissions,
and the US Census Bureau and United Nations both E) has alarmed many countries and forced them to
project that the global population, currently 6.6 billion, will take measures to prevent it
surpass 9 billion before 2050. The implication is that one
of the best strategies for reducing future greenhouse gas
emissions is population stabilization, as quickly as can be
achieved by noncoercive means.
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69. - 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre 71. It is clear from the passage that natural spider
cevaplayınız. silk is produced ----.
A) in large quantities for use in the production of
various materials
Scientists are exploring ways of producing spider silk
artificially, a process difficult to repeat effectively. A B) only when the spider’s silk gland has stored
spider’s silk gland is a very efficient chemical factory. enough liquid proteins
Inside its gland, the spider stores a mixture of liquid C) shortly before the spider’s silk gland undergoes a
proteins, which it is able to transform into light, strong chemical reaction
fibres. Artificial spider silk could have many applications,
D) through the transformation in the spider’s silk
from lightweight and durable packing materials to
gland of liquid proteins into fibres
parachutes, surgical sutures, and even bullet-proof vests.
Producing it synthetically is a two-part process: scientists E) even though the spider’s silk gland fails to have
must first manufacture the proteins and then find a way to an adequate amount of liquid protein mixture
form them into superfine threads. They have had success
with the first part, by producing proteins through genetic
modification. Binding proteins into fibres as thin and strong
as spider silk, however, has proved to be a challenge.
Recently, however, a group of German scientists have
attempted to solve that problem by using a device
modelled on a spider’s glands. Like the arachnid method,
the proteins are mixed with potassium phosphate, and
then the pH is lowered before pressure is applied as the
72. It is pointed out in the passage that, in making
mixture flows through tiny channels, hardening and
binding the proteins. So far, researchers have been able synthetic silk, scientists have so far been
to make fibres of only a fraction of an inch long, but they successful in ----.
hope to be able to produce longer, stronger fibres in the A) imitating the entire natural process of silk
future. production
B) producing fibres suitable for parachutes and
69. As stressed in the passage, with regard to the bullet-proof vests
production of artificial spider silk, the main C) understanding the importance of proteins
problem is ----. D) producing artificial fibres about an inch in
A) the difficulty in mixing proteins with potassium thickness
phosphate E) obtaining the necessary proteins through genetic
B) that scientists are not seriously interested in it modification
C) how to make fibres as fine and long as natural
spider silk
D) whether the material can be used for various
purposes
E) whether it can be commercially and
technologically viable
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73. - 76. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre 75. It is clear from the passage that what makes the
cevaplayınız. newly-found organism unique is that it ----.
A) lives in an environment that lacks any kind of
organic life
An organism discovered deep in the ground has taken
astrobiologists by surprise. The organism’s unique ability B) can survive only through photosynthesis
to live in complete isolation from other species, or even C) feeds on the remains of dead organisms
light or oxygen, suggests it could be the key to life on
D) does not have to produce proteins
other planets. It was discovered in fluid-filled cracks in a
South African gold mine, nearly three kilometres beneath E) exists only in the depths of the Earth
the Earth’s surface. When US scientists analyzed the fluid,
they expected to find genes from a mix of species. Instead,
they found that 99.9 per cent of the DNA belonged to just
one bacterium, a previously unknown species. Such a
self-sufficient organism is virtually unheard of. It means
that this organism extracts everything it needs from an
otherwise dead environment. Almost all other known
organisms on the Earth that do not use sunlight directly do
use some product of photosynthesis. However, this
76. One understands from the passage that
newly-found organism gets its energy from the radioactive
astrobiologists ----.
decay of uranium in the surrounding rocks. It also has
genes to extract carbon and nitrogen from its A) have focused all their efforts on the search for life
environment, both of which are essential for making on other planets
proteins. Scientists believe that this organism is just the B) regard organisms as indispensable for the
type that could survive on a planet other than the Earth. solution of environmental problems
C) were astonished by the discovery of so unusual
73. As suggested in the passage, for scientists, the an organism in the depths of the Earth
newly-discovered organism ----. D) have now shifted their attention to the study of
A) can be useful in preventing environmental organisms deep in the Earth
deformation E) have been particularly interested in the DNA
B) is unique only to Africa’s ecosystem structure of a large variety of organisms
C) can provide clues about life on other planets
D) seems to reveal the beginnings of life on the
Earth
E) can survive only in an environment where there
is plenty of protein
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77. - 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre 79. It is clear from the passage that theories ----.
cevaplayınız. A) usually provide guidelines for new discoveries
B) always arouse a great deal of controversy
A scientific view of something is always an intimate among scientists
mixture of theories and observed facts. The theories are C) sometimes exist separately from observed facts
broad, general ideas together with arguments based on
D) can be maintained unless they are validated by
them. The arguments are designed to show that, if the
new facts
general ideas are accepted, then this or the other thing
ought to be observed. If this, that, or the other actually is E) are specific formulations that are taken for
observed, then the theory is a good one; if not, then the granted by many scientists
theoreticians have to think again. Thus, theoretical ideas
and arguments are continually subjected to the severe
test of comparison with the facts, and scientists are proud
of the strictness with which this is done. On the other
hand, theories often suggest new things to look for; in other
words, they lead to predictions. These predictions are
frequently successful, and scientists are entitled to be
proud of that, too. But it follows that no theory is
immutable; any scientific view of any subject may, in
principle, be invalidated at any time by the discovery of
new facts.
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