Egyptian Fuel Specspdf
Egyptian Fuel Specspdf
Egyptian Fuel Specspdf
/.
EGPC Objectives
Apply the International HSE High Standard Measures.
Ministry of Petroleum
Egyptian
General
Petroleum
Corporation
(EGPC)
32
Joint
Joint Venture
Venture
Companies
Companies
35
Investment
Investment Law
Law
Companies
Companies
12
Public
Public Sector
Sector
Companies
Companies
Introduction
* The integrity of the environment is
the key element in protecting the
wealth of nations and their human and
environmental safety reflected
positively and negatively on these
various forms of wealth
ISO 5164
95
MON
Min.
ISO 5163
85
Lead
G/L max.
EN 237
0.013
Specified
locally
Specified
locally
0.013
Benzene
Vol %, max.
EN 238
Sulphur
% m/m, max.
EN 24 260
0.05
0.05
Existent gum
EN 5
Copper corrosion
Rating
ISO 2160
CLASS 1
CLASS 1
Oxidation stability
Minutes, min.
ISO 7236
360
360
Kg/m3
ISO 3675
Water tolerance
Appearance
Visual
inspection
725 780
725 780
No segregation
No
segregation
Clear
and
bright
EURO
NO.
Effective
date
Properties
Lead
(mg/L)
Benzene
(Vol.%)
Aromatics
(Vol.%)
Olefins
(Vol.%)
Sulphur
(ppm)
EURO 2
1-1996
13 (Max.)
5 (Max.)
Not specified
Not specified
500 (Max.)
EURO 3
1-2000
5 (Max.)
1 (Max.)
42 (Max.)
18 (Max.)
150 (Max.)
EURO 4
1-2005
5 (Max.)
1 (Max.)
35 (Max.)
18 (Max.)
50 (Max.)
Table (3) automotive diesel fuel specifications for European (CEN member)
Regular
Ron
Density
Premium
Table (2) the most important steps in EU Gasoline fuel spec. development
Property
Cetane number
Cetane index
Density at 15 oC
Aromatics
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Di +
Tri+
Sulphur content
Flashpoint
Carbon Res. (on 10% Dist. Res.)
Ash content
Water content
Total contamination
Copper st. corr. (3 h at 50 oC)
Oxidation stability
Lubricity, corrected wear scar Diameter at 60
o
C
Viscosity at 40 oC
% Recovered at 250 oC
% Recovered at 350 oC
95% point
Unit
Max.
Kg/m3
Vol %
% mass (m/m)
51.0
46.0
820
-
845
11
Mg/kg
oC
% mass (m/m)
%mass(m/m)
Mg/kg
Mg/kg
Rating
G/m3
Um
> 55
Class 1
-
Mm2/s
% (V/v)
% (V/v)
oC
EGYPTIAN SPEC.
Limits
Min.
2
85
Limits
Min
46.0
820
Max
870
10000
350
0.03
0.01
200
24
0.1
0.01
0.1
Class 1
25
460
4.5
< 65
360
85
Table (4) the most important steps in EU Diesel fuel spec. development
EURO NO.
Effective date
Properties
Sulphur content
Cetane No.
EURO 1
10-1994
49 (Min.)
EURO 2
1-1996
49 (Min.)
EURO 3
1-2000
51 (Min.)
EURO 4
1-2005
50 ppm (Max.)
51 (Min.)
EURO 5
1-2009
10 ppm (Max.)
51 (Min.)
GASOLINE
GAS OIL
LPG
HEXANE
Gasoline
* At The beginning of 1996 the oil sector
has a very important step in this field
which is the removal of lead compounds
(used as an octane number enhancer )
from gasoline and replacing it by one of
the oxygenated compound which is MTBE ,
because off the dangerous effect of lead
compounds on the environment and
human health especially on children since
the tetra ethyl lead can cause retardness of
the children, lead can also cause a harmful
effect on catalytic converter In cars.
Gasoline
* In line with the global trend to
reduce the environmental pollution
oxygenated compound has been
eliminated from our gasoline, and
now our gasoline is free of any
additive, this necessitated the
upgrading of existing manufacturing
units.
GASOLINE
TEST
TEST METHOD
ASTM D1298
90
92
95
Reported
Reported
Reported
Reported
Red
Green
Colorless
Colorless
E.S.S. -80
COLOUR
visual
o
DISTILLED C max.
70
70
70
70
105
115
120
120
165
170
175
180
190
195
200
200
69(0.7)
69(0.7)
69(0.7)
69(0.7)
ASTM D4294
ASTM D2699
ASTM D3237
ASTM D381
ASTM D130
1.6
(MAX)
SEC.
(MIN)
30
(MAX)
43
A- FOR : DEC.,JAN.,FEB.,MAR.
(MAX)
(MAX)
(MAX)
15
62(0.63)
62(0.63)
0.05
0.05
0.05
% WT.
(MAX)
0.01
80
90
92
95
** CONRADSON CARBON
% WT.
(MAX)
0.10 **
TOTAL SULPHUR
% WT.
(MAX)
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.013
E.S.S. -220
COPPER ST. CORR. @ 50 C , (3 HRS) (max)
4
55
(MIN)
62(0.63)
E.S.S. -4633
Gum Mgm/ 100ml (max)
(MAX)
(MIN)
0.05
E.S.S. -455
o
ASTM D1500
ASTM D93, E.S.S. -177
CST
POUR POINT
0.820 *
0.870 *
62(0.63)
E.S.S. -4573
Octane no ( research) (min)
VISCOSITY R 1 @ 40 C
RESULTS
(MIN)
(MAX)
COLOUR (ASTM)
(ASTM)
VISCOSITY KINEMATIC @ 40 C
E.S.S. -77
ASTM D86
TEST METHOD
TEST
E.S.S. - 419
480
480
480
480
ASTM D4851
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
% VOL.
DISTILLED @ 350 C
% VOL.
st
(MAX)
0.1
(MIN)
IP
IP 182, E.S.S. - 82
(MAX)
NIL
CETANE INDEX
ASTM D4737
(MIN)
46
E.S.S. - 419
MJ/KG
85
(MAX)
DIV.1
(MIN)
44.3
Diesel fuel
* The maximum %wt of sulfur in diesel product
about 1% by weight
* While the production of modern diesel plants
(MIDOR - AMOC) in accordance with
European specification (EURO2).
* The main challenge which the petroleum
sector face is how to reduce the sulphuer
in diesel to meet the European specification
in spite of the increase in the demand of
gas oil at the Egyptian market
* Egyptian Standard Specifications For Gas Oil
(16 2005) table 6
TEST METHOD
TEST
ASTM D2598
(MAX)
* 0.58
IP161
(MAX)
10
ASTM D1838
(MAX)
No. 1
ASTM D1267
VAPOUR PRESSURE @
50 OC
KG/CM2
(g)
MERCAPTAN SULFUR
% MASS
IP272
HYDROGEN SULPHIDE
% MASS
IP103
K CAL./KG
CALCULATED
FREE WATER
0.003
0.008
NIL
(MIN)
VISUAL
11800
NIL
TEMPERATURE OF
95% EVAPORATION
DIENES CONTENT
OC
VOL%
ASTM D1837
(MAX)
ASTM D2163
(MAX)
MAX 2.2
0.5
Physical Description
Molecular Weight
54.1
Boiling/Melting Point
24F / -164F
Vapor Pressure
@69.8F: 1,840 mm Hg
Specific Gravity
@68F: 0.62
Solubility
Flammable
Hazards Of Butadiene:
The health effects caused by exposure to 1,3-Butadiene
can be split into two categories: acute and chronic.
Acute exposures can further be split into low and high
doses. Acute low exposures may cause irritation to the
eyes, throat, nose, and lungs. Frostbite may also occur
with skin exposure. Acute high exposures may cause
damage to the central nervous system or cause
symptoms such as distorted blurred vision, vertigo,
general tiredness, decreased blood pressure, headache,
nausea, decreased pulse rate, and fainting. Chronic
effects caused by exposure to 1,3-Butadiene are
controversial. Several human epidemiological studies
have shown an increase in cardiovascular diseases and
cancer. However, due to the small numbers of cancers
and confounding factors such as smoking, and
simultaneous exposure to benzene and styrene, a true
causal relationship cannot be established.
Hazards Of Butadiene
Experiments involving chronic exposures to
mice and rats have shown a strong causal
relationship between 1,3-Butadiene exposure
and cancer. Animal studies have also shown
reproductive and developmental problems.
Based on human and animal studies, the EPA
has classified 1,3-Butadiene as a known
human carcinogen. The American Conference
of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
has given 1,3-Butadiene a rating of A2,
suspected human carcinogen.
Hexane
CH3CH3-CH2CH2-CH2CH2-CH2CH2-CH2CH2-CH3
Hexane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the
Hexane
Hexane has five isomers:
isomers:
Hexane, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3, a straight chain of six
carbon atoms.
2-Methylpentane (Isohexane),
Isohexane), CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3, a
fivefive-carbon chain with one methyl branch on the Second.
3-Methylpentane,
Methylpentane, CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3, a fivefive-carbon
chain with one methyl branch on the third.
2,32,3-Dimethylbutane,
Dimethylbutane, CH3CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH3, a fourfour-
benzole
Hexane
Hexane is produced by the refining of crude oil.
oil. The exact
TEST
O
DENSITY @ 15 C
GM/ML
O
O
F.B.P.
RESIDUE AFTER DISTILLATION
(MIN)
64
C.
(MAX)
68
(MAX)
0.5
MG/100 ML
NEUTRAL
DOCTOR TEST
NEGATIVE
O
PPM WT.
SULPHUR CONTENT
PPM WT.
(MAX)
DIV.1
(MAX)
50
(MAX)
COLOUR SAYBOLT
(MIN)
30
KAURI BUTANOL
(MIN)
25
Benzole
0.67 0.68
DISTILLATION:
I.B.P. C
0.03 0.04
0.02 0.03
0.004 0.02
0.004
Benzene works by causing cells not to work correctly. For example, it can
cause bone marrow not to produce enough red blood cells, which can lead
to anemia. Also, it can damage the immune system by changing blood
levels of antibodies and causing the loss of white blood cells.
Molecular formula
C6H6
Molar mass
78.11 g mol1
Appearance
Colorless liquid
Density
Melting point
5.5 C, 279 K, 42 F
Boiling point
Octane no (RON)
120
Benzole
Eating foods or drinking beverages containing high levels of benzene can
cause the following symptoms within minutes to several hours:
Vomiting, Irritation of the stomach ,Dizziness ,Sleepiness ,Convulsions ,Rapid or
irregular heartbeat , Death (at very high levels). If a person vomits because of
swallowing foods or beverages containing benzene, the vomit could be sucked into
the lungs and cause breathing problems and coughing. Direct exposure of the
eyes, skin, or lungs to benzene can cause tissue injury and irritation. Showing
these signs and symptoms does not necessarily mean that a person has been
exposed to benzene. Long-term health effects of exposure to benzene. The major
effect of benzene from long-term exposure is on the blood. (Long-term exposure
means exposure of a year or more.) Benzene causes harmful effects on the bone
marrow and can cause a decrease in red blood cells, leading to anemia.
Benzole
It can also cause excessive bleeding and can affect the immune system,
increasing the chance for infection. Some women who breathed high levels
of benzene for many months had irregular menstrual periods and a
decrease in the size of their ovaries. It is not known whether benzene
exposure affects the developing fetus in pregnant women or fertility in men.
Animal studies have shown low birth weights, delayed bone formation, and
bone marrow damage when pregnant animals breathed benzene. The
Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) has determined that
benzene causes cancer in humans. Long-term exposure to high levels of
benzene in the air can cause leukemia, cancer of the blood-forming organs.
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