Explanation of Ayat Tatheer
Explanation of Ayat Tatheer
Explanation of Ayat Tatheer
To Indoctrinate
Faith and Subversion Both begin with Language ----- Project
Humanbeingsfirst Faith-Politico Blog where Religion meets Political
Science and Imperial Mobilization
semantics, it specifically means the household of the family of the Prophet of Islam,
Muhammad (PBUH). In Arabic vernacular of course,
is a common noun. It
generally means members of the householdof any person. Linguistically, it can be
used to refer to anyone's household. It is customary to capitalize the phrase in
English as Ahlul Baytwhen the family of the Messenger of Islam is the explicit
context.
Who precisely comprise the Ahlul Bayt is not made unambiguously clear in the Holy
Qur'an. It remains a point of contention among the two main protagonist sects of
Islam which virtually comprise nearly 99 percent of Muslims in the world today, the
Sunni and the Shia. The contention is sometimes needlessly heated, and often
based on outright ignorance and/or the socialized dogma that one grows up in. This
article takes a look at what the Holy Qur'an itself says, and does not say, when it
uses the phrase Ahlul Bayt, as in the famously contentious verse 33:33. Sometimes
referred to as the verse of purification, it is among the most commonly misperceived
verses of the Holy Qur'an, especially when read in translation. Both Shia and the
Sunni have argued for over 14 centuries about the scope of its composition, namely,
who is being referred to in this verse:
And stay quietly in your houses, and make not a dazzling
display, like that of the former Times of Ignorance; and
establish regular Prayer, and give regular Charity; and obey
Allah and His Messenger.
And Allah only wishes to remove all abomination from you, ye
members of the Family, and to make you pure and
spotless. (Surah Al-Ahzaab,33:33)
Caption Verse 33:33 Surah Al-Ahzaab incredible verse that hides a wellspring of
semantics by employing the gender sensitivityof Arabic grammar in its second
person pronoun to describe the composition of Ahlul Bayt. Another reason for
misunderstanding the Holy Qur'an its sophistication of using the Classical Arabic
language constructs to hide a wellspring of secrets that none among the ordinary
people seeking guidance from it shall fathom except those who are capable of
understanding
(see verse 3:7) and having command of its unsurpassed
natural language of exposition
(see verse 14:4)! Verse 33:33 is a
categorical example of why the Holy Qur'an is simply untranslatable, even
syntactically, let alone semantically! Even the Orientalism jaundiced West is
reluctantly forced to admit this characteristic of the Holy Qur'an: The miraculous
rhetorical quality that the Quran has for the reader is lost in translation, ...
mistranslation usually occurs when translators retain Arabic terms or force a single
meaning upon Arabic words. (tinyurl.com/Quran-Untranslatable-Harvard).
The following table captures the complete context of the topic under discussion in
Surah Al-Ahzaab, verses 33:28-34, using Yusuf Ali'stranslation.
plural possessive pronoun when referring to the houses of the wives, to 2nd person
masculine plural object pronoun when referring to the Ahlul Bayt, and back to 2nd
person feminine plural possessive pronoun when referring again to the houses of the
wives in 33:34:
(33:33:3)
(33:33:20)
(33:33:24)
(33:34:5)
The significance of this switch in pronouns is striking. But what is even more striking
is how little attention is paid to this switch by those who argue needlessly about the
semantics without due diligence to the Arabic language syntax that is expressing the
semantics. The 2nd person masculine pronoun kum, and 2nd person feminine
pronoun kunna, unambiguously represent the following semantics in order to be
grammatically correct in their usage:
kum when used with a plural object or possessive case represents a
composition that must contain at least one or more males, and may contain zero
or more females
(it is equivalent of 2nd person pronoun you,
and vous in gender neutral
English, Urdu, and French respectively) ;
Arabic word
(33:33:2)
f
in
(33:33:3)buytikunna
your houses
(33:33:4)
wal
and (do) not
(33:33:5)tabarrajna
display yourselves
(33:33:6)tabarruja
(as was the) display
(33:33:7)l-jhiliyati
(of the times of) ignorance
(33:33:8)l-l
the former.
(33:33:9)wa-aqim'na
And establish
P preposition
(33:33:10)l-alata
the prayer
(33:33:11)watna
and give
(33:33:12)l-zakata
zakah
(33:33:13)wa-ai'na
and obey
(33:33:14)l-laha
Allah
(33:33:15)waraslahu
and His Messenger.
(33:33:16)
innam
Only
(33:33:17)yurdu
Allah wishes
(33:33:18)l-lahu
Allah wishes
(33:33:19)liyudh'hiba
to remove
(33:33:20)
ankumu
from you
P preposition
PRON 2nd person masculine plural
object pronoun
(33:33:21)l-rij'sa
the impurity,
(33:33:22)ahla
(O) People
(33:33:23)l-bayti
(of) the House!
(33:33:24)wayuahhirakum
And to purify you
(33:33:25)tahran
(with thorough) purification.
(33:34:1)wa-udh'kur'na
And remember
(33:34:2)
m
what
(33:34:3)yut'l
is recited
(33:34:4)
f
in
(33:34:5)buytikunna
your houses
(33:34:6)
min
of
P preposition
P preposition
(33:34:7)yti
(the) Verses
(33:34:8)l-lahi
(of) Allah
(33:34:9)wal-ik'mati
and the wisdom.
(33:34:10)
inna
Indeed,
(33:34:11)l-laha
Allah
(33:34:12)kna
is
(33:34:13)lafan
All-Subtle,
(33:34:14)khabran
All-Aware.
And stay in your houses and do not display your finery like the displaying of the ignorance of yore; and
keep up prayer, and pay the poor-rate, and obey Allah and His Apostle. Allah only desires to keep
away the uncleanness from you, O people of the House! and to purify you a (thorough) purifying.
(Muhammad Ali Habib Shakir, House of Habib, Pakistan)
And stay in your houses and do not display your finery like the displaying of the ignorance of yore; and
keep up prayer, and pay the poorrate, and obey Allah and His Apostle; Allah only desires to take away
the uncleanness from you, O people of the household! and to purify you a (thorough) purifying.
(Maulana Muhammad Ali MMA 1917 PDF)
And stay in your houses. Bedizen not yourselves with the bedizenment of the Time of Ignorance. Be
regular in prayer, and pay the poor-due, and obey Allah and His messenger. Allah's wish is but to
remove uncleanness far from you, O Folk of the Household, and cleanse you with a thorough cleansing.
(Marmaduke Pickthall)
Remain in your houses; and display not your finery, as did the pagans of old. And perform the prayer,
and pay the alms, and obey God and His Messenger. People of the House, God only desires to put
away from you abomination and to cleanse you. (Arthur John Arberry)
Stay at home, and do not deck yourselves with ostentation as in the days of paganism; fulfil your
devotional obligations, pay the zakat, and obey God and His Apostle. God desires to remove impurities
from you, O inmates of this house, and to cleanse and bring out the best in you. (Ahmed Ali)
And stay in Your houses. and display not yourselves! with the display of the times of former Paganism;
and establish the prayer and give the poor-rate and obey Allah and His apostle. Allah only desireth to
take away uncleanness from you, people of the house-hold, and to purify you with a thorough
purification. (Abdul Majid Daryabadi)
And abide quietly in your homes, and do not flaunt your charms as they used to flaunt them in the old
days of pagan ignorance; and be constant in prayer, and render the purifying dues, and pay heed unto
God and His Apostle: for God only wants to remove from you all that might be loathsome, O you
members of the [Prophets] household, and to purify you to utmost purity. (Muhammad Asad)
And stay in your homes and do not go about displaying your allurements as in the former Time of
Ignorance. Establish Prayer, give Zakah, and obey Allah and His Messenger. Allah only wishes to
remove uncleanness from you, O members of the (Prophet's) household, and to purify you completely.
(Abul Ala Maududi)
Stay in your houses and do not display your finery with the display of the former [days of ] ignorance.
Maintain the prayer and pay the zakat and obey Allah and His Apostle. Indeed Allah desires to repel
all impurity from you, O People of the Household, and purify you with a thorough purification. (Ali Quli
Qara'i)
(Ahmed Ali)
!
(
and you respectively, including the possessive case variations thereof, are
unfortunately gender neutral and unable to distinguish between singular and plural
object, leading to the same loss in semantics.
Restez dans vos foyers; et ne vous exhibez pas la manire des femmes d'avant l'Islam (Jhiliyah).
Accomplissez la Salt, acquittez la Zakt et obissez Allah et Son messager. Allah ne veut que
vous dbarrasser de toute souillure, gens de la maison [du prophte], et veut vous purifier pleinement.
(verse 33:33 Tr. Muhammad Hamidullah)
Caption Translation of verse 33:33 into French. The second person pronoun vous is
gender neutral just like in Urdu and English, despite French being more gender
sensitive than either English or Urdu, therefore leading to the same loss in
semantics.
In Spanish however, the matter is salvaged. Spanish enables expressing gender
sensitivity of the object by addition of either os or as to the verb. Therefore, a
correct semantic translation of verse 33:33 from Arabic into Spanish is possible by
reflecting the 2nd person plural gendersensitivity of the pronoun in Arabic, to the
correct conjugated form of the verb expressing the gender and plurality of the object.
So, if gente de la casa (Ahlul Bayt) was referring to only the wives of the
Messenger, the grammatically correct verb conjugation of the root verbs 'librar' and
'purificar' in Spanish would have been libraras and purificaras instead
of libraros and purificaros.
Quedaos en vuestras casas! No os acicalis como se acicalaban las natiguas paganas! Haced la
azal! Dad el azaque! Obedeced a Al y a Su Enviado! Al slo quiere libraros de la mancha, gente
de la casa, y purificaros por completo. (verse 33:33 Tr. Julio Cortes)
Caption Translation of verse 33:33 into Spanish. The loss of semantics in translation
is prevented by reflecting the 2nd person plural masculine pronoun of Arabic on the
correct selection of masculine or feminine verb conjugation, since both choices are
available in Spanish to indicate object composition and its plurality.
That language limitation conundrum disclosed above is an obvious source of
misunderstanding the Holy Qur'an when studying it in translation! The Holy Qur'an
is simply untranslatable, in almost any language. Which is why the famous translator
Arthur J. Arberry, in deep humility, called his excellent rendition into English: The
Koran Interpreted. Even the Orientalism jaundiced West is reluctantly forced to
admit this characteristic of the Holy Qur'an: The miraculous rhetorical quality that
the Quran has for the reader is lost in translation, ... mistranslation usually occurs
when translators retain Arabic terms or force a single meaning upon Arabic
words. (see tinyurl.com/Quran-Untranslatable-Harvard).
Furthermore, a translation also lends itself easily to both Machiavellian as well as
inadvertent perception management of the public mind (seetinyurl.com/Making-thepublic-mind ). We can see this pernicious cognitive infiltration in the contemporary
English translation of the Holy Qur'an titled: The Sublime
Quran (see tinyurl.com/Critique-Laleh-Bakhtiar-Zahir ).
To this day, countless generations of Muslims growing up in non Arabic speaking
Muslim countries do not perceive what has so straightforwardly been demonstrated
above, as the sophistication of the classical Arabic language to mask its secrets from
the unwary by something so elegant as simply a gender change in its 2nd person
pronoun. The syntactic as well as semantic limitations of any translation language in
comparison to the intrinsic richness and succinctness of Qur'anic Arabic requires
much reframing for the target language in order to preserve both literal as well as
semantic accuracy, which, as in the case of verse 33:33, simply cannot be
maintained without additional footnotes and parenthetical annotations. (See a
detailed examination of the translation issue in: Critique: Laleh Bakhtiar and The
Sublime Quran, Ibid.)
These language limitations naturally create additional motivation to seek sources of
explanation and exegeses outside of the pages of the Holy Qur'an, called tafsir,
especially for those who do not speak Arabic, which is approximately 90 percent of
the 1.6 to 2 billion Muslim public spread throughout the world in many different
cultures and civilizations. That fact automatically leads to the paradox: fallible hands,
fallible minds, and fallible hearts, some clean and some unclean, some competent
and some incompetent, none of them categorically known to be among the ArRasikhoon-fil-ilm (
) of verse 3:7 of the Holy Qur'an, expositing the
pristine text of the Holy Qur'an according to their own perception and socialization
bias rather than the Word of its own Author explain itself.
At least with respect to this verse fragment 33:33, the native Arabic speaker has a
leg-up on the non Arabic speaker. The former knows thatAhlul Bayt is being referred
to with a masculine pronoun and therefore its composition, by definition, comprises
one or more males, and cannot comprise only females, and therefore the verse
fragment 33:33 is not necessarily referring to the wives, or even just the wives alone.
If that verse fragment was indeed referring to only the wives, an all female group,
then the feminine form of the pronoun would have been used to refer to the Ahlul
Bayt as is done when referring to the houses of the wives before and after that verse
of purification.
But that's also where the native Arabic speaker's advantage over the non-speaker
ends. Neither knows the actual composition of the Ahlul Baytbeyond that prima facie
information contained in that sequence of verses 33:28-34 reproduced above, that it
is a Household of the Prophet, and comprises one or more males, and zero or more
females, and it may or may not contain the wives of the Prophet, irrespective of the
fact that the verse fragment is interspersed in between where the Author of the Holy
Qur'an is commanding the wives of the Prophet of Islam what they are supposed to
do. Whereas, in the purification fragment of verse 33:33, the Author declares what
He Himself intends to do to the Ahlul Bayt. That change of actor from the wives to
the Author and back to the wives is most conspicuous in the verse. In that
interspersed switch, the Author pledged some abstract perfect purification to the
Ahlul Bayt. What that perfect purification means remains as foreign to the native
speaker of Arabic as to the non-speaker. It requires for both to indulge in much due
diligence to uncover.
There are numerous other places in the Holy Qur'an where the family of the Prophet
of Islam is referenced, but with different indirection nouns, which though not explicit,
from the context of the verse itself clearly only mean the Messenger's family, his
progeny, or his kin, as the case may be.
For instance, the phrase
, fil-qur-ba, as in verse 42:43, which obviously
means those near of kin to the Messenger:
'Say: No reward do I ask of you for this except the love of
therefore, the word Kausar, in context of verse 108:3, inter alia refers to Fatima
(as), the singular member of the Messenger's Ahlul Bayt through whom his seed
was not cut off,
, to make the prophecy of Surah Al-Kausar perpetually true.
Since one person is not sufficient to continue the line of progeny, it takes two, a
husband and a wife, Hazrat Ali (as) comes into the picture as being half the source
of the abundance promised to the Prophet of Islam. It is historically self-evident, and
without any doubt, that it was Hazrat Ali's marriage union with Hazrat Fatima (as)
that became the wassilah (means) for the fulfillment of this Divine prophecy in Surah
Al-Kausar! Hazrat Ali (as) is the genetic grandfather of the millions of genuine Syeds
and Syeddas in existence today, and Hazrat Fatima (as) the genetic grandmother
the never ending abundance,
, promised by Allah to the Prophet of Islam.
Without these two souls, the Holy Qur'an Surah Al-Kausar would have been falsified!
Just contemplating the remarkable fulfillment of this prophecy of the pithy Surah AlKausar especially for those who are aware of Muslims' early history and the
extraordinary calamities that had befallen the family of the Prophet of Islam whereby
every effort was made by the Muslim rulers for over 200 years to wipe them out is
sufficient to fill a Muslim mind and heart with enormous awe and spiritual
wonderment! No follower of any of the other great religions of the world has such a
unique heritage. The very existence of their prophets is at times argued as mythical
by their antagonists. No such charge can be laid at the doorsteps of the Messenger
of Islam the empirical evidence still continuing, fifteen centuries and some 50 or so
generations later. But the effort to wipe out the progeny of the Messenger also
continues to this very day. Surah Al-Kausar is the divine guarantee as a continuing
prophecy that such effort will never succeed. And not only will it never succeed, but
that no trace shall be left of those who persist in such enmity. It is a perpetual
testament to the veracity of the Holy Qur'an. If anyone wishes to falsify it there is
the open challenge by the Author of the Holy Qur'an!
These are some of the more explicit and obvious places in the Holy Qur'an where
the Messenger's family is mentioned. If one ventures to sources outside the pages of
the Holy Qur'an, as for instance to the exegeses of the Holy Qur'an, or to narratives
of history, a few more verses from the Holy Qur'an are identified by the scribes of
history as being about specific members of the Prophet's Household, his wives, his
companions, or the specific events involving these personages. These specifics are
not deducible or inferable directly from the Holy Qur'an as the local context for the
verses is not contained within the pages of the Holy Qur'an. Since this article is only
about what the Holy Qur'an itself clarifies, or does not clarify, we refrain from exiting
the pages of the Holy Qur'an. And as far as this scribe in his grossly abbreviated and
wholly inadequate study has been able to ascertain, the exact identity of the
composition of the Ahlul Bayt is Indeterminate in the Holy Qur'an.One has to
venture to the pages of history to fill in those Indeterminates. While some facts are
empirical and remain historically incontrovertible, such as whether or not the Prophet
of Islam existed, who his daughter was, who she married, who their children were,
whom did the Messenger marry, what battles he fought, and so on so forth, each
sect nevertheless fills the many Indeterminates of the Holy Qur'an according to their
own sect's sacred books, dogmas, interpretations, and base misconceptions.
Often times, both ignorance and careless reading of the Qur'anic text itself are the
primary cause for basic misconceptions. The latter, careless reading, has been
amply demonstrated in this article. The former, ignorance of how to study the Holy
Qur'an, subsequently adds to the reinforcement of incorrect parsing. If one were to
categorize this class of misconceptions by way of nomenclature, it would rightly be
classed under Aliasing error, meaning, proper nouns of the Holy Qur'an aliased as
common nouns; their meanings looked up in the Arabic language dictionary instead
of in the Holy Qur'an itself. We can now clearly perceive that indeed this is what has
happened in this specific instance of incorrectly parsing the proper noun Ahlul
Bayt which has led some Muslim scholars to insist that it refers to the wives of the
Messenger.
Another example of this basic class of Aliasing error can be found in this scribe's
critique of the much hyped English translation of the Holy Qur'an by the American
woman Laleh Bakhtiar, who, brazenly enough, has even proclaimed that she
endeavors to bring reform to Islam(Ibid.)
This article is
based on the
author's
book: Hijacking
The Holy Qur'an
And Its Religion
Islam - Muslims
and Imperial
Mobilization,
August 2013
(http://tinyurl.com/i
slam-reader-zahirebrahim1e).
Download What
does the Holy
Qur'an Say as
apamphlet,
Volume I, 1st
Edition, August
2013
(http://tinyurl.com/
what-does-quransay-vol1p).
URL:http://humanbeingsfirst.files.wordpress.com/2013/08/pamphlet-what-doesquran-say-by-zahir-ebrahim-vol1-print.pdf
Credits
Arabic Qur'an recitation by Shaykh Mahmoud Khalil al-Husary, audio courtesy
of Verse By Verse Quran, acquired 8/13/2011 from
http://www.versebyversequran.com
Arabic verses courtesy of the open source Qur'an Tanzil Project, acquired 8/13/2011
from http://tanzil.net/download/
Most (not all) English translation of Qur'an verses are by Yusuf Ali, Shakir, and
Pickthall, acquired 8/13/2011 from http://tanzil.net/trans/
(archived Yusufali, Shakir, Pickthall).
What does the Holy Qur'an say about the Ahlul Bayt March 2013
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