Present Indian Steel Making Practice and Its Scenario: Introduction: WHAT IS STEEL?
Present Indian Steel Making Practice and Its Scenario: Introduction: WHAT IS STEEL?
Present Indian Steel Making Practice and Its Scenario: Introduction: WHAT IS STEEL?
Inducti
Uttam s
Kalyani
Lloyd st
Usha ma
Tata Me
Mukand
(Reader
Hot metal pretreatment can be carried out either at blast furnace runner, or
in transfer ladle or in torpedo.
Pretreatment in the blast furnace runner has certain advantages: such as
adequate mixing of the reagents due to flowing of hot metal. This practice
saves time and increases ladle availability compared with when treatment is
carried out in ladles.
(a) Blast furnace runner (b) Torpedo car
Lance:Oxygen gas is supplied through a water cooled lance, the tip of which
fitted with multi-hole Laval nozzles made of copper Lance is nearly 8-10m
long and its diameter varies between 20cm to 25cm depending on the
furnace capacity. Water requirements are around 5070 m3hr at a pressure
of 57 kgcm3. Lance movement is controlled by electrically operated gear
system. Lance life is determined by the life of the nozzles. Failures of the
lance may be due to faulty cooling, manufacturing defects and differential
expansion between copper tip and steel tube .
((MnO)
In the later stages of the blow bath temperature increases due to decrease in
carbon content and at the sametime FeO content of slag decreases. Both
conditions are responsible for increase in Mn content of the bath. To
overcome, sometimes iron ore additions are made to increase the FeO
content of slag to adjust the Mn content of steel.
Temperature of the bath increases continuously.
Developments in Top blown steelmaking practice
The most important development in top blown steelmaking practice is the
simultaneous gas stirring of the bath form the bottom of the converter. This
has resulted in combination blowing processes. These processes differ in
terms of bottom gas rate, number and arrangement of bottom tuyeres and
type of bottom injection elements i.e. porous plugs or tuyeres and whether
inert gas or oxidizing gas is used.
All processes which use top blowing of oxygen and bottom stirring by inert
gas is known as bath stirred top blown processes. In another type, oxygen is
blown form top and bottom and is called top and bottom blowing processes.
Causes of high turnover rates of BOF
i) Energetic supply of oxygen: This method ensures.
Availability of oxygen where it is needed during refining
Faster mechanism of mass transfer by producing droplets and slag/metal
emulsion.
ii) Bottom stirring
iii) A basic and limy slag of required basicity is formed at the early stages of
the blow
Post Combustion
The oxidation of carbon to CO in BOF steelmaking is the principle reaction. In
converter steelmaking CO produced during refining exits the furnace in
exhaust system where it is combusted with the ambient air.
Advantages:
Higher melting rates can be achieved
Reduced green house gas emission /ton of steel because more scrap can be
used
Reduction in slopping. This is achieved by increase in slag temperature
which helps dissolution of lime in slag and decrease in slag viscosity.
Technology of post combustion :A technology is required which can inject
oxygen in the converter just above the slag so that CO can be combusted to
CO2 . The supply of oxygen for the post combustion must be well distributed
above the slag surface for an efficient combustion of CO. Transfer of the heat
INDIAN STEEL INDUSTRY VS. GLOBAL STEEL INDUSTRY Global crude steel
production reached 1527 MT in 2011 showing a 6.8 % growth over 2010. India has emerged as a
leading player in global steel industry contributing to about 4.7 % of global crude steel production
in 2011. Large scale infrastructure expansion plans for twelfth five year plan (FYP: 2012-17) and
raising per capita steel consumption in India promises unprecedented growth potential of Indian
steel Industry during next 10 years
India is the largest producer of sponge iron and fourth largest producer of crude steel in the world.
India registered a 5.7 % growth in crude steel production in 2011 against 2010. Japan was the
only nation among top ten crude steel producers in the world posting negative growth of minus
1.8 % for crude steel production in 2011 against 2010. Indian steel industry which is not
technologically as mature as steel industry of developed economies is implementing latest
technology, adapting backward integration and improving efficiency in steel production to reduce
cost, increase production and become competitive globally.
INDIAN STEEL INDUSTRY: EVOLUTION AND GROWTH Steel making in India can be
traced back to 400 BC. The foundation of modern steel industry in India was led down in 1874 by
establishment of steel making facility of Bengal Iron Works (BIW) in Kulti (West Bengal).
Beginning of large scale steel production started with establishment of Tata steel plant in 1907 in
Jamshedpur, which started production in 1912. Later large steel plants in India were established
in Bokaro, Durgapur, Bhilai, Burnpur and Bhadrawati. Except Tata Steel, steel production in India
was confined to public sector companies under control of SAIL till 1990s. Post liberalisation(1991)
large scale development in steel industry was witnessed due to participation of private players
and huge influx of foreign investment in steel industry of India.
STEEL IMPORT TREND AND FUTURE SCENARIO India has been a net importer of
steel, primarily of high grade steel and special steel products. Deregulation and reduction in
import duties on steel imports has favoured steel imports. Steel imports has increased during the
past decade due to surge in domestic demand and reduction in price differential between
imported steel and domestic steel. Import volumes have been fluctuating during the past five
years and as per working group estimates steel imports during 12th FYP is estimated to be in 5-6
MT range
domestically and remaining (mostly fines) is exported. India lags in coking coal reserves and have
only 5.3 billion tons of coking coal reserves. India meets more than 50 percent of coking coal
demand through imports and imports will grow in parallel with increasing steel production
capacity.
RAW MATERIAL DEMAND BY STEEL INDUSTRY About 2.5 to 3.5 ton of raw materials
is required per ton of crude steel production in India. With increasing crude steel production
capacities demand for main raw materials like iron ore and coking coal by steel industry will
increase at faster pace.
Post liberalisation in 1991 Indian steel Industry has attained a substantial growth on domestic as
well as global platform. Growing in pace with the economy Indian steel industry has positioned
itself as the largest sponge iron producer and the fourth largest crude steel producer in the world.
Global crude steel production reached 1527 MT in 2011 in which India contributed a significant
4.7%. Though effect of global economic recession post 2008 was witnessed by steel sector
globally, but Indian steel industry showed resilience and growth due to robust domestic demand.
The credit of Indian steel industrys growth goes to policies of government and Indian public and
private sector steel producers. With present low per capita steel consumption at 57 kg in India
against global average of 215 kg there lies a huge potential for steel demand growth in India. Also
the estimated massive $ 1 trillion investment in Indias infrastructure sector during 12 th FYP will
boost demand of steel. Significant steel demand will also arise from rural markets and proactive
steel producers in India have started exploring untapped rural markets to get maximum share of
this market. Indian steel industry attained appreciable growth post liberalisation but it has suffered
due to issues of efficiency, quality, safety and productivity. Future growth and sustainability of
Indian steel industry lies in adapting latest technologies, improving efficiency and optimising
process..
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PROJECT ON STEELMAKING
MEMBER OF THIS PROJECT:
SARBAJIT MANNA(11302011030)
'
NA'BONETA DHAR(11302011021)
SANJIT PANDIT(11302011029)
ARSHAD ALI(11302011003)
RAHUL GOND(11302011025)
PRESENT INDIAN
STEEL MAKING PRACTICE AND ITS
SCENARIO
NAME OF THE PROJECT: