Atrial Utter: 2 Pathophysiology
Atrial Utter: 2 Pathophysiology
Atrial Utter: 2 Pathophysiology
2 Pathophysiology
3.1 Type I
Type I atrial utter, also known as common atrial utter or typical atrial utter, has an atrial rate of 240 to
340 beats/minute. However, this rate may be slowed by
antiarrhythmic
agents.
Atrial utter is recognized on an electrocardiogram by
presence of characteristic utter waves at a regular rate of The reentrant loop circles the right atrium, passing
240 to 440 beats per minute. Individual utter waves may through the cavo-tricuspid isthmus - a body of brous tisbe symmetrical, resembling p-waves, or may be asym- sue in the lower atrium between the inferior vena cava,
metrical with a sawtooth shape, rising gradually and and the tricuspid valve. Type I utter is further divided
falling abruptly or vice versa. If atrial utter is suspected into two subtypes, known as counterclockwise atrial
clinically but is not clearly evident on ECG, acquiring a utter and clockwise atrial utter depending on the diLewis lead ECG may be helpful in revealing utter waves. rection of current passing through the loop.
1
5 COMPLICATIONS
is relatively resistant to chemical cardioversion, and often
deteriorates into atrial brillation prior to spontaneous return to sinus rhythm. Exact placement of the pads does
not appear important.[6]
4.2 Ablation
4.1
Cardioversion
Sudden death is not directly associated with atrial utter. However, in individuals with a pre-existing accessory
conduction pathway, such as the bundle of Kent in WolParkinson-White syndrome, the accessory pathway may
conduct activity from the atria to the ventricles at a rate
that the AV node would usually block. Bypassing the AV
3
node, the atrial rate of 300 beats/minute leads to a ventricular rate of 300 beats/minute (1:1 conduction). Even
if the ventricles are able to sustain a cardiac output at
such a high rates, 1:1 utter with time may degenerate
into ventricular brillation, causing hemodynamic collapse and death.
References
7.1
Text
Atrial utter Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial%20flutter?oldid=638602624 Contributors: Rossumcapek, Hadal, Diberri, Exploding Boy, Ksheka, Jfdwol, St3vo, Hob, PFHLai, Rich Farmbrough, Shenme, Arcadian, Steveklein, Alansohn, Axl, Theodore Kloba,
Mauvila, Bsadowski1, Brighterorange, RobyWayne, YurikBot, Draeco, Mysid, Isaac elias, SmackBot, Bluebot, KieferSkunk, DRahier,
Dreadstar, Hu12, Thijs!bot, Powers.andy, Mikael Hggstrm, MoodyGroove, TXiKiBoT, Doc James, Toombes, Ddnile, Svick, PipepBot,
Arjayay, Rror, Addbot, CBHA, AkhtaBot, Bob K31416, Yobot, Gimrudghk, Piano non troppo, RadioBroadcast, Anna Frodesiak, Cannolis, GunnarK, Tocant, RedBot, DASHBot, John of Reading, WikitanvirBot, CornmealZeal, Jer5150, Jankaan, ClueBot NG, MrBill3,
EClop, Marine Corps Cadet, and Anonymous: 42
7.2
Images
7.3
Content license