Jazaria
Jazaria
Jazaria
Muhammad ibn Al-Jazaree Al-Shafiee (meaning following the Shafiee school of thought)
says:
2. All Praise is due to Allah and May Allahs Peace and Blessings be upon
His Prophet and the chosen one,
and the reciter of Quran together with the one who is devoted to it.
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:
Written with both a fathah and a kasrah, so the reader has the option to choose either one.
(
6. The articulation points )
( and characteristics of letters )
8. As regards to all those words that are separated and joined in it (in writing in the
Quran),
and the feminine taa ( )which is not written with a haa ().
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10. The empty space in the throat and mouth has the alif and its two sisters (i.e. the
wow and yaa )and they are;
the medd letters which stop with the (stopping of) air.
11
:
12. Its closest (the throats area closest to the mouth) are: and . And the :
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the deepest part of the tongue above (meaning looking from the mouth inside the mouth,
the is deeper), then the :
13
13- Lower (meaning closer to the mouth), and the middle (meaning middle of the tongue),
then , ,
And the from its (meaning the tongues) side when it is close;
14
14. To the molars from its (the sides of the tongue) left or right
And the , its (sides of the tongue) lowest part (closest to the mouth), until it (sides) ends (at the
tip).
: 15
15. And the from its tip (meaning tip of the tongue) it is found under (under the ,
:
:
:
16. And the , , from it (tip of the tongue from the top side) and from
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The upper incisors, and the whistle (meaning the letters that have the inherit characteristics of the
whistle which are ,, )are cozy,
17
17. from it (meaning the tip of the tongue) and above the two lower incisors.
And the , , with the upper (the upper two front incisors),
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18. from the edges of them both (the edges of the two from the upper incisors and the
tongue); and from the inside of the lip,
so the with the edges of the towering incisors (front upper).
And the ghunnah has the nasal passage as its articulation point.
19
(
)
21
20. Its (the letters) characteristics are ) (apparent, ) / (softness, and
( / ) lowered
Opened ( , )desisted, ( /) , and the opposite (of them) say:
[The following are the opposites of these named characteristics and their letters. The first group of characteristics
has the remaining letters left after the opposite characteristics letters are taken out.]
21
21. Its whispered ( /( )letters are :)
,
:
23
:
23. (The letters) , , ,( have the characteristics of) /.
And the letters in the phrase ( have the characteristic of) /.
24
:
24. Its whistle ( has the letters of) , ,.
The ( has the letters)
. And (the letters of) softness ( are)
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is correct,
before them. And the drifting
:
26
26. On the and the , and on it (the , the characteristic of) repetition.
And (the characteristic of) spreading ( )is on the , and (the letter) has (the characteristic
of ) lengthening (/).
Tajweed chapter
)
)
27
28
29
: 31
30. And it (tajweed) is giving each letter its required rights )
(
Of each and every characteristic as well as (giving each letter its) presented rights [or dues] )
( ,
2
and .
should be corrected and avoided because it may lead to change in the meaning, grammar, or incorrect in the Arabic language.
are the hidden mistakes that one should also make an effort to fix.
31
31. To take every one (of the letters) back to its origin (i.e. place of articulation),
And to pronounce the equivalent letter in the same way (as you would pronounce that letter).
32
32. Complete (with all its characteristics) yet without any exaggeration,
Being gentle in pronunciation without any abuse.
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The Chapter Mentioning Some Warnings )
34
And beware of making (be careful not to make) the letter alif with velarization (tafkheem )
35
35. And the hamzah "( "be careful not to give it tafkheem in):
, ,
36. (Also)
,
36
and
,
It was written as such in the original version, with a fathah and kasrah on the meem. So one can choose either of the vowels.
37
, and
37. And [be careful not to give tafkheem to] the of ,
,
,and ,
38
39
39. And make clear the letter of qalqalah " " when it occurs with a sukoon (unvoweled)
and when stopping on it, (meaning the qalaqalah letter) it should be even clearer () .
41
, and
of , and .
And (likewise read with attenuation [tarqeeq]) the
This word was written with both a fathah and a kasrah, so the reader has the option to choose either one.
The
chapter )
41
41. And attenuate [make tarqeeq of] the letter when it has a kasrah.
Likewise (attenuate the )if it follows a letter with a kasrah when the has a sukoon.
42
43
43. There are different allowed ways (the having velarization or attenuation [tafkheem or
tarqeeq] in the word): due to the
present (on the )
Meaning, the conditional or temporary kasrah either due to a hamzah wasl, or a conditional/temporary kasrah on a letter
preceding the hamzah al-wasl. (If this happens, then in both cases the will be read with velarization [tafkheem])
44
44. And make velarization [tafkheem] of the laam ( )in the name of
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45. And velarize [make tafkheem] the letter (that has the characteristic) of
and single out
The (letters of) are stronger [than the letters that have
without ]like [the difference]
between
and
.
46
46. And make obvious the [characteristic of] of [the letter in]:
along with
and there is a difference of opinion (in the word)
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47
47. Take extra caution (in order the letter does not get voweled or a qalqalah on it) on the sukoon of
,
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together with
.
,and
48
The difference of opinion is in terms of the presence or absence of in the letter when merging of the into the .
This difference is not according to the way we read, therefore only reads this word a complete merging of the into
the only, so a pure is only heard.
Another mistake commonly found in the word is that the reader makes idghaam or merges the into the instead of
pronouncing it clearly.
7
10
49
:
:
51
: :
51
and .8
The letters that are close in articulation point that one needs to be careful to pronounce clearly with no merging (idhgaam) are:
11
)
)
52
53
follows:
, , , , ,
54
55
, , , , ,
54.
, , , , ,
however it occurs [meaning wherever and in whatever form each of these words occur in , 55.
) are the same, (meaning both written with ) in ( and in ) , (the word
56
56.
) )the word , and in ,
12
57
57. ,
together with [the word] ,
and all [forms and derivatives of the word] .
:
58
( it occurs in
58. Except in ( meaning ) , ( meaning ) , the first
),
) the first one is read with a whereas the second is read
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And (the word) not the one in
and is shortened (to a
),
59
61
60. And when the two (letters i.e. the and the ) meet it is necessary to make clear and
distinct [the articulation points for both letters],
61
The difference between the letters and is the long stick on the , so the shortening refers to the lack of the "stick.
In some of the different qiraaat the word in aayah 24 of surah At-Takweer is read with a -
10
13
)
)
The and with a Shaddah and
62
63
64
64. And make ) meaning make the clear and obvious if it follows) any of the remaining
letters, (meaning all the letters except and )
and be careful not to make ( of ) when it meets [is followed by] the letters and
14
)
)
The Chapter on the Rules of
and
65
66
66. Upon meeting the letters of throat make [ meaning make clear the and
;] and
make
67
68
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and likewise is ( hiding) is applied with the remaining letters [meaning the letters remaining
after taking out the letters of ( clear and obvious), ( merging), and ( change)].
11
12
15
69
( required)
69. The ( lengthening) occurs as ( compulsory),
And
( allowed) and both (the lengthening) and shortening have been affirmed [in the allowed
or
lengthening].
71
13
70. The ( compulsory) is when after a
( medd letter)
there is a
in both states (i.e. while continuing reading or stopping) and is lengthened for six
counts () .
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joined (meaning a medd letter is followed immediately by a hamzah) if they are together in one word.
72
72. The
[ allowed lengthing] is when it occurs separately (meaning when the medd letter and
the hamzah meet but in two different words(. 14
The medd letters or are: the alif preceded by a fathah, the ya saakinah preceded by a kasrah, and the wow saakinah
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preceded by a dhammah. Anytime any of these three letters occur under these conditions, it is a medd letter, which means a
lengthened letter.
This medd (lengthening) occurs when the
is the last letter of the first word and the hamzah is the first letter of the
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second word.
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The Chapter on Knowing the Stops and Starts )
73
73. And after (having the knowledge of) the tajweed of the letters,
It is without doubt necessary to have the knowledge of the stops
74
74. and the starts. And they (meaning the stops and starts ) are thus divided into
three (categories): ( complete stop/start), ( sufficient stop/start) and
( good stop/start) .
75
75. They (all three) refer to what is complete (a stop that is complete in meaning), then if there be
no attachment (to what comes after it in meaning or grammar then this stop is )
or )when) there is an attachment in meaning (this type of stop is ) , then start (with what follows).
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16
attachment to what comes after in meaning and grammar], then it is forbidden (to start with what
follows),
Except when stopping at the end of an aayah then it is allowed (to start with the beginning of the next
ayah). For then it is
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The complete stop( )is the stop that has no attachment to what comes after in meaning or grammar.
The sufficient stop ( ) is attached to what comes after in meaning, but not in grammar. The rule for these two stops (the
complete stop and the sufficient stop) is that it is allowed to stop and then start with that which comes next.
15
16
17
of an aayah then it is allowed to start with what follows, because stopping at the end of an aayah is sunnah.
17
77
78
78. There does not exist in the Quran a stop that is necessary
nor a stop that is prohibited except for a reason (for its prohibition).
The Chapter on the [words written] Separated and Joined )
79
79. Know the [ those written separately as two different words]and the
[ those words
In the Quranic copy of the Imam (referring to the Uthmani script) in what follows.
81
81. Separate in ten words "( " meaning the words are written separately as two words in ten
19
20
places which are): with
, ,
( :14),
21
22
23
,
, ,
Some reasons for a compelled or forced stop are sneezing, coughing, or an unanticpated running out of breath.
18
: 118
19
:14
20
21
: 26
: 24
23
: 19
22
18
81
82. 24,
25
82
; and (separate the words) "[ " with a kasrah on the hamzah]
26
27
in
( aayah 40), and join the " " with a ) on the hamzah) ; and (the words) " :
83
or] in
29(as well as in)
:10 (and separate) " " in
84.
( aayah 40),
84
" " with a ( on the hamzah)31, and (write separate) " " with the ( on the hamzah)
85
"with the ( on the hamzah) in both of
85. In ( aayah 134) and (separate)"
them; 32
It differs33 in : 41 and
: 95.
86
24
25
word "
" is written separately or joined [ ]which is in . All the remaining places the word " " are written joined).
26
All the remaining places the words " " are written joined together:
These two words are always written joined ( )as .
27
28
: 177
:109
These two words occur only two times in the Quran, both in surah Al-Baqarah, and both times they are written as two
29
30
separate words.
31
These two words are written as two separate words wherever they occur in the Quran.
Meaning in
:62 and :30.
32
19
34
35
86. And [separate in writing] " " in
and it differs
in
36
places where the words" " are written) joined are as follows:
87. 38
and
39
42
87
and both
44
and (the
40 41 , in
37
88
, also in
( :61), in :28,
both places in ( :30) and in : 147 and join what is besides these
(occurrences).
89
: 34
34
The difference is in the different copies of the Quran as to whether the words " " are written joined as one word or
35
: 91. There are three other places which are not mentioned in this poem that are written differently in the various
copies of the Quran for the word "" . Another scholar, Sheikh Ibraheem As-Samanoodiyy wrote in the following lines
explaining further:
Which means: And (separate) " " in ( in : 34) and there is a difference (in the various copies of the Quran as to
:44) and (the word) ( in :91) and (the
the word " " being written separately or joined) in ( in
37
in :150
38
39
in :90
40
41
in :165
in
:14
in :102
43
Meaning in :48 and :240.
44
The second place where this word comes in :240.
42
20
91
47
(aayah 14), " in " 90. Join
,
50
91
49
]. And separate [in writing
92
51
[ 91. As well as
, in ]in
52
53
" in "
" . " ):29) and (separate in ( ,
) 56 ( ) and (
55
" 54,
" )92. (And write separately the words
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)(The word
word.
93
:115
written as two words or one as to
45
46
:48
:3 in
49
:153
50
in
:23
51
:50
47
48
:43
:14
:16 and
54
:8 :49 and in In
52
53
:36
55
:78
56
:3
57
21
58
93. Join (the words in writing)
and
And similarly (join)" " ," "and" " do not separate (these from what comes after).59
both in :3
59
Meaning it is not allowed to separate these words or letters in pronunciation from the words they are joined to in the writing
58
of the mushaf. For example the word there is followed by the noun . It is not allowed to start on this word as:
without the attached , we can only read this as one connected word: .
22
)
)
The Chapter on the
94
60
)94. (The word
(two places) is written [ in the Uthmani script] with an open in
95
)(and likewise in
:217. :2) and ( :73, :50, :56,
61
" " ) :11, where it is mentioned with the word (i.e. and the second (place) in
96
) :61 " in it (meaning " ) : 103 and (also written with a and
97
:8 and in
: 35,
:9
and
" in
" ) (in three places in aayah 10 and 11), And (also written with a
:8 and 9.
: 32
60
:231 meaning in
23
61
98
99
"
" " and" " ," " ,
"
111
In the middle of
(aayah 137), and all that on which there is difference (in the
100.
in
:40
62
in
:30
:86 in
65
in
:12
63
64
24
111
102.
112
and in the
( i.e. nouns) other than the ( i.e. other than those starting with the definite
article " ) " start it (the hamzah al-wasl) with a kasrah , and in:
113
103.
25
)
114
104.
105.
115
apply
[by] showing a
or .
( of the lips) in the case of (the last letter having a)
106.
116
66
107.
] 117
66
The Arabs before had the custom of representing numbers with letters.
)
(
The letter
Its no.
1
2
3
4
5
6
The letter
Its no.
8
9
10
20
30
40
The letter
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Its no.
60
70
80
90
100
200
The letter
Its no.
400
500
600
700
800
900
118
108.All Praise is due to Allah for the conclusion to it (this poem) as well
And thereafter the peace and blessings be:
] 119
27
)
( Completion of Vowels
then associated along with it (vowel) is the original articulation point of that vowel.
4
4. meaning the articulation points for the [ for the dhammah] and articulation point for the
[the fathah]
And the [ for the kasrah] from its articulation point that is known.
7. Similarly it is a requirement for the and the .
to complete (the vowel for) each one of them. Understand this to achieve correctness (in recitation).
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(
)
The levels of
Then assume for it that vowel (preceding it-as far as rank of tafkheem) .
4. And it is said, No, they are: (the ranks) the fathah ( )followed by an alif
5. The one with the dhammah (), the voweless (), then one with the kasrah ()
So that is five, its mention came to you.
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)
( The feminine words
which some of the ways of reading read in singular form and others in plural
,
2. The word " " in ( ) and " "occurs in
and , O lad.
3. The word " "and it is in ) ( along with
4. The word " "in and ""
( " both places in ) and there is a difference (between the different copies
5. The word "
The difference mentioned here is in regards to the either written as a or . These lines of poetry are considering a completion of
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compliment to line 100 of Al-Jazariyyah poem in which Imam Al-Jazaree stated that all words which end in are written as when there is a
difference in the different qiraaat as to whether the word is read in the singular or plural form. This poem lists all of those words.
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)(
Precautions to take when in embittering performance [of recitation]
And intends thereof to be among the scholars who aim for mastery
4. Or to pronounce the hamzah between a hamzah and ayn ( a very sharp and deep sound)
So that the listener runs away from nausea.
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monetary gain, nor can authorship be given to other than those who researched, translated, and
worked on this. Jazakum Allahu khairan. The staff at Aboutajweed.com.
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