2.1 - Business Service Business Function and Business Process
2.1 - Business Service Business Function and Business Process
2.1 - Business Service Business Function and Business Process
Question: In the business layer, the concepts business service, business function and business
process are positioned. The exact difference between these concepts is not clear in all cases, or to be
more exact, in practice there sometimes exists confusion if something needs to be tagged as a
business service, a business function or a business process. In the next section we give definitions
and descriptions of these concepts.
Solution: A business service represents the added value that an organization delivers to its
environment. One can make a distinction between internal and external services: Internal services
represent the added value that is being delivered within the domain that the service belongs to.
External services represent the added value that is being delivered to other domains or to the
environment (for example customers).
A business function is an area that the organization wants to pay attention to ( e.g. by putting energy
into, structurally committing resources to etc) in order to support its business goals. A business
function can therefore be positioned as a grouping of internal behavior based on a certain criteria (for
example location (same department), communication, required skills, shared resources and shared
knowledge). A business function represents a part of the added value of on organization.
A business process is a unit of internal behavior or a collection of causal (sequence or dependency)
related units of internal behavior, with the goal of producing a predefined collection of products and
services. A business process can be constructed from sub processes or activities. A business
process is triggered (started) by one or more business events or other business processes.
Informally one could say that a business process consists of a number of activities or sub processes
that are being executed in a certain sequence. Every activity is part of a business function. With other
words, a process combines a chain of activities each of which are part of business functions, such as
the figure below visualizes.
request
proposal
Relations
management
Acceptance
Calculation
intake
request
check
request
calculate
premium
Support
draft
proposal
inform
customer
reject
request
A single process will not always belong to a single business function (as in this example): a business
function will almost always consist of multiple activities and process steps and a process will often be
realized by multiple business functions.
Business functions as well as business processes describe the inner way of working of an area or
organization. A business service describes the parts of business processes and functions that are
externally visible and usable. It describes the service that can be used, without making clear how that
service is realized by means of processes or business functions.
In the figure below, the most important relationships between these concepts are visualized (being a
part of the ArchiMate metamodel):
Business
service
realisation
Business
function
assignment
Business
role
realisation
contains
Business
process
assignment
Business
role