Direct and Indirect Speech
Direct and Indirect Speech
Direct and Indirect Speech
Direct Speech (Kalimat Langsung) ialah kata-kata kalimat yang diucapkan langsung oleh si pembicara.
Indirect Speech (Kalimat Tak Langsung) ialah kalimat yang diucapkan untuk melaporkan kata-kata si
pembicara kepada orang lain. Jadi, Indirect Speech (Reported Speech) digunakan bila kita ingin melaporkan
kata-kata seseorang kepada orang lain secara tak langsung.
Direct & Indirect Speech terdiri dari 3 jenis yaitu :
I. Statement (pernyataan)
II. Command (perintah)
III. Question (pertanyaan)
Perubahan-perubahan yang perlu dari Direct ke Indirect Speech :
1. To be & Auxiliary Verbs
2.
Direct
Indirect
Am/is/are
Shall/will
Can
May
Must
Have/has to
was/were
should/would
could
might
had to
Ought to
3.
I.
Tenses
Direct
Simple present
Simple past
Present perfect
Present continous
Present perfect continous
Simple future
Indirect
then
the following day
the following week
that night
that day
the day before
the night before
the week before, the precious week
there
that
those
Indirect
simple past
past perfect
past continous
past perfect continous
past future
STATEMENT
Dalam Indirect Statement kita menggunakan kata that (bahwa) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat
pengantar (introduce phrase) dan kata-kata yang dilaporkan (reported words). Kalimat-kalimat pengantar
dalam indirect statement ialah :
He said
He said to me
He told me
COMMAND
Command dibagi dalam 2 (dua) bagian yaitu :
1. Positive Command
Dalam perintah positif kita tambahkan to di depan kalimat perintahnya, sebagai penghubung antara
kalimat pengantar dan perintah yang dilaporkan. Kalimat-kalimat pengantar dalam jenis ini ialah :
to + infinitive
He asked me
He told me
e.g - He asked me Open your book
- He asked me to open my book.
- Mary told me Stop talking to Jane
- Mary told me to stop talking to Jane.
- Mother asked John Pay attention to what I say
- Mother asked John to pay attention to what she says.
- John told Mary Wait until I come
- John told Mary to wait until he comes.
- The teacher said to the students Be quiet while I am talking
- The teacher told the students to be quiet while she is talking.
2.
Negative Command
Dalam perintah negatif kita tambahkan not to di depan perintah yang dilaporkan.
e.g - Mary told John Dont wait for me
- Mary told John not to wait for her.
- I told him Dont mention it to anyone
- I told him not to mention it to anyone.
- Father asked her Dont go there alone
- Father asked her not to go there alone.
- Ira asked Tom Dont come to my house again
- Ira asked tom not to come to her house again.
QUESTION
Bila pertanyaan langsung (direct question) menggunakan kata-kata tanya seperti ; Where, When, Why,
What, Who, How, dll, maka kata-kata tersebut digunakan sebagai penghubung dalam reported Speech.
Pertanyaan yang dilaporkan berubaha menjadi bentuk positif. Kalimat pengantarnya ialah :
Positive Form
He asked me
where
When etc.
e.g - The man asked me : Where do you live ?
- The man asked me where I lived.
- John asked Mary : Why do you get angry with me ?
- John asked Mary why she got angry with him.
- I asked him : When did you get back from your trip ?
- I asked him when he had got back from his trip.
- He asked me : How will you go there ?
- He asked me how I would go there.
- John asked the girl : What is your name ?
- John asked the girl what her name was.
Bila pertanyaan langsung tidak menggunakan kata-kata tanya, dan hanya merupakan pertanyaan dalam
bentuk Yes & No Question, maka kita menggunakan kata-kata if, whether (jika, apakah) sebagai
penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan pertanyaan yang dilaporkan.
e.g - The boy asked John : Does Mary live near here?
- The boy asked John if Mary lived near there.
- The teacher asked her : Have you finish your homework ?
- The teacher asked her if he had finished her homework.
- Mary asked me : Did you she John at the party the night before.
- Mary asked me whether I had seen John at the party the night before.
- We asked them : Will you go to the movie with us tonight ?
- We asked them whether they would go to the movie with us that night.
- Mother asked John : Are you going to marry her ?
- Mother asked John if he was going to marry her.
Note :
IV.
Direct Speech
Simple Present
He said, I go to Jakarta every
month.
Simple Past
He said,I went to Jakarta every
month.
Present Perfect
He said, I have gone to Jakarta
every month.
Present Continuous
He said,I am going to Jakarta
every month.
Past Continuous
He said, I was going to Jakarta
every month.
Future (will)
He said,I will go to Jakarta every
month.
Furure (going to)
He said, I am going to Jakarta
every month.
Indirect Speech
Simple Past
He said (that) he went to Jakarta
every month.
Past Perfect
He said (that) he had gone to
Jakarta every month.
Past Perfect
He said (that) he had gone to
Jakarta every month.
Past Continuous
He said (that) he was going to
Jakarta every month.
Perfect Continuous
He said (that) he had been going
to Jakarta every month.
Would + verb
He said (that) he would go to
Jakarta every month.
Past Continuous
He said (that) he was going to
Jakarta every month.
Direct Speech
He said,Go to school every day.
He said,Wash your face!
The police ordered,Walk on!
The teacher said,Dont be lazy!
Indirect Speech
He told me to go to school every
day.
He told me to wash my face.
The police ordered me to walk on.
The teacher told me not to be lazy.
Direct Speech
He told me,You mustnt drive a car
without a driving licence.
Indirect Speech
He told me that I musnt drive a car
without a driving licence.
Direct Speech
He said, Do you go to school every
day?
Indirect Speech
He asked me whether I went to
school every day.
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
can
He said,I can go to school every
day.
could
He said (that) he could go to school
every day.
may
He said,I may go to school every
day.
might
He said (that) he might go to school
every day.