4HB0 02 Que 20140110
4HB0 02 Que 20140110
4HB0 02 Que 20140110
Surname
Other names
Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE
Centre Number
Candidate Number
Human Biology
Unit: 4HB0
Paper: 02
Friday 10 January 2014 Afternoon
Time: 1 hour
Paper Reference
4HB0/02
Total Marks
Instructions
Information
Advice
Turn over
P42869A
2014 Pearson Education Ltd.
1/1/1/1/1/1/
*P42869A0116*
rag
screen
raw sludge
settlement
tank
raw
effluent
A
sludge
digester
filter
bed
aeration tank
final settlement
tank
digested
sludge
(A and B are
alternative
treatments)
final
effluent
*P42869A0216*
(a) Using the diagram, name three stages in treating sewage where bacteria are essential.
(3)
1 . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... ............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... ............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... ............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) Name the gas produced in the sludge digester stage that can be used as a fuel.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*P42869A0316*
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2 The diagram shows the nucleus of a cell at the start of nuclear division.
nuclear
membrane
Not to scale
(a) Name the structures labelled A
(1)
A
(b) Complete the diagrams below to show the structures in the nucleus of a daughter
cell once the original nucleus has undergone:
(2)
x
mitosis
meiosis
mitosis
meiosis
(c) The structures labelled A contain deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Each molecule of
DNA contains four types of base, one of which is guanine.
(i) Name the other three types of base.
(3)
1 . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... ............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... ............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... ............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Name the base that pairs with guanine.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*P42869A0416*
(d) Haemophilia is a condition in which blood may not clot when it leaks from a
damaged blood vessel.
It is said to be a sex-linked condition.
(i) Explain what is meant by the term sex-linked.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) A woman who is a heterozygous carrier for haemophilia has a child with a
man who does not have haemophilia.
What is the probability that their child will be a boy with haemophilia?
Draw a genetic diagram to show how you reached your answer. Use XH as the
allele for normal blood clotting and Xh as the allele for haemophilia.
(5)
*P42869A0516*
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3 Some diseases can be spread by eating contaminated food. Explain precautions that
can be taken to prevent the spread of food-borne diseases.
(8)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*P42869A0616*
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*P42869A0716*
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4 A student placed some glucose in a strong test tube and heated the test tube over a
Bunsen flame.
The diagram shows his results.
drops of a
colourless liquid
(b) The student thought that the drops of colourless liquid might be water.
Suggest how he could test his idea.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) Suggest two safety precautions the student should take when heating the glucose.
(2)
1 . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... ............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*P42869A0816*
(d) The student thought that heating the glucose further might produce carbon
dioxide.
(i) Using the diagram, draw and label changes you would make to the apparatus
to find out if carbon dioxide is produced.
(4)
(ii) Describe the result you would expect to see if carbon dioxide was given off.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(e) After further heating the student wanted to find out if any glucose remained in
the test tube.
Describe how he should do this.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*P42869A0916*
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5 The diagram shows the bones and some of the muscles of a human arm.
N
Y
B
D
10
*P42869A01016*
(b) Describe the functions of muscles X and Y in the movement of the forearm.
(4)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) Describe how the movement at joint M differs from the movement at joint N.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*P42869A01116*
11
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6 Use the information in the following passage and your own knowledge to answer the
questions that follow.
Malaria threatens 40% of the worlds population. New approaches in the prevention
and treatment of malaria may result from a study of a group of children in the South
Pacific with a condition known as alpha thalassaemia. The symptoms of this disease
are similar to a mild form of sickle cell anaemia and, like it, protect people from malaria.
Researchers found that children affected by alpha thalassaemia had more malaria
attacks early in life, but that these attacks were relatively mild. Later in life, these
children seemed to be immune to more severe malaria attacks whereas children
unaffected by alpha thalassaemia often died.
(a) Explain how malaria is transmitted.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) Using information in the passage, explain how alpha thalassaemia may have
become common in tropical regions.
(2)
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12
*P42869A01216*
(d) Explain how infection with mild attacks of malaria may protect children against
more severe attacks in later life.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(e) Suggest why it has proved difficult to develop a successful vaccine against
malaria.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*P42869A01316*
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14
*P42869A01416*
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*P42869A01516*
15
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16
*P42869A01616*