Financial Statement Analysis

FINANACIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE SUBJECT

Finance is regarded as the lifeblood of business enterprise. This is because in the modern money oriented economy; finance is one the basic foundation of all economic activities. It is the master key, which provides access to all economic activities. A well knit financial system directly contributes to the growth of the economy. An efficient financial system calls for the effective performance of financial institution, financial instrument and financial markets. Some consider that finance is concerned with acquiring funds on reasonable terms and conditions to pay bills promptly and some other consider it as that terms which is concerned with procurement of funds.
NEED FOR FINANCE IN BUSINESS

Finance in business is needed to meet both long term and short term objective of the organization. Following are some of the avenues where business finance is developed to meet the firms objective. Acquisition and management of current assets for managing day to day operations. Managing mergers, reorganization, expansion, and diversification. To meet expectation of stake holders. Acquisition of necessary assets for running the business. According to Guttmann and Doughall, business finance can be broadly defined as the activity concerned with planning, raising,
KLES INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
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controlling and administrating of the funds used in the business. Finance is the process of organizing the flow of funds so that a business can carry out in the most efficient manner and its obligations as they fall due.
TYPES OF FINANCE Finance can be classified into two types as follows:

1. Public finance 2. Private finance Public finance deals with the requirement, receipts and disbursement of funds in the government institution like states, local self- government and central government. Private finance is concerned with requirement, receipts and disbursement of funds in case of individual, a profit seeking business organization and non-profit organization.
FUNCTIONS OF FINANCE
Although it is difficult to separate finance functions from other functions, yet their function can be readily identified. The function of raising funds, investing them in assets and distributing returns earned from assets to shareholders are respectively known as financing, investment and dividend decision. While performing these functions, the firms attempt to balance cash inflow and outflow. This is called liquidity decision and it is taken as one of the most important finance functions.
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In short, finance is concerned with 1. Obtaining funds at the lowest cost. 2. Making the optimal use of these funds.
ISSUES IN FINANCING
Every firm has its own goals aiming at a certain extent of profit generation. It is not necessary for a firm to have the goals or profit maximization as the only objective in the short as well as long run. The management might have its own limitations of efficiency and capacity, level of satisfaction and appraisal of future, etc. The problems faced by an account dealing with finance functions are: 1. Type of expenditure to which a firm should get it involved in a commitment to spend. 2. The volume of funds that should be committed by a firm on various type of expenditure. 3. The way and means by which the existing funds committed as well as non-committed could be utilized for getting maximum benefits for the firm. 4. The course of action to be taken whenever the expectation does not materialize and a failure is to be averted.
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Financial management is the operational activity of a business that is responsible for obtaining and effectively utilizing the funds necessary for efficient operation. Financial management is a subject which deals
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with the tools and techniques through which a companys balance sheet is constructed. It offers ideas to the executives in building items in liabilities and assets side of balance sheet. It clearly guides the financial manager to select both long term and short term and its allocation to capital and revenue expenditure, hence ultimately used as a communication too, to convince the investors about the performance of a corporate entity.
SPECEFIC OBJECTIVE
1. Profit maximization. 2. Wealth maximization.
OTHER OBJECTIVES
1. Balanced asset structure 2. Judicious planning of funds 3. Financial discipline 4. Liquidity 5. Efficiency
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Financial analysis refers to an assessment of the viability, stability and profitability of a business, sub-business or project. It is performed by professionals who prepare using ratios that make use of information taken from financial statement and other reports. These reports are usually presented to top management as one of their bases in making business decisions. Based on these reports management may:
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1. Continue or discontinue its main operation or part of its business. 2. Make or purchase certain materials in the manufacture of its products; Acquire or rent/ lease certain machineries and equipments in the production of its goods. 3. Issue stocks or negotiate for bank loan to increase its working capital. 4. Make decision regarding investing or lending capital; make other decision that allows management to make an informed selection on various alternatives in the conduct of its business.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT
The financial are composed of data which are the result of a combination of recorded facts concerning the business transaction, conventions adopted to facilitate the accounting technique, postulates or assumptions made to and personal judgment used in the application of the conventions & postulates. It is prepared for the purpose of presenting a periodical view of reports on progress by the management. Two basic financial statements prepared for the purpose of external reporting to owners, investors and creditors are Balance sheet Profit and loss account. It is the most significant financial statement. It indicates the financial conditions or the state of affairs of a business at a particular moment of time; balance sheet contains information about resources and
obligations of a business entity and its owners interest in the business at a particular point of time.
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
It refers to the process of determining financial strengths and weakness of the firm by establishing strategic relationship between the items of the balance sheet, profit and loss account and other operative data. The term financial analysis is also known as analysis and interpretation of financial statement. The purpose of financial analysis is to diagnose the information contained in the financial statement so as to judge the profitability and financial soundness of the firm.
DEVICES OF FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

1) COMPARATIVE STATEMENT The comparative financial statements are statements of the financial position at different periods of time. The elements of financial position are shown in a comparative form so as to give an idea of financial positions at two or more periods. Any statement prepared in a comparative form will be covered in comparative statement. Comparative balance sheet analysis is the study of the trend of the same items, groups of items and computed items in two or more balance sheets of the sane business enterprise on different dates. 2) TREND ANALYSIS The financial statements may be analyzed by computing trends of series of information. This method determines the direction upwards or
downwards and involves the computation of the percentage relationship that each items bears to the same in the base year. 3) COMMON SIZE STATEMENTS The common size statements, balance sheet and income statement are shown in analytical percentages. The figures are shown as percentage of total assets, total liabilities, and total sales.
4) RATIO ANALYSIS
Ratio analysis is a technique of analysis and interpretation of financial statement. It is the process of establishing and interpreting various ratios for helping in making certain decisions.
5) FUND FLOW STATEMENT ANALYSIS

The fund flow statement is a statement which shows the movement of funds and is a report of financial operations of the business undertakings. It indicates various means by which funds were obtained and employed during a particular year.
6) CASH FLOW STATEMENT ANALYSIS

Cash flow statement is a statement which describes the inflow (source) and outflow (uses) of cash and cash equivalents in a enterprise during a specified period of time.
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Part-B GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE BANKING

In the past, economic advancement was unknown. Consequently the use of money for buying and selling was very much restricted. With the development of communications, economic progress and the spread of science, and the growth of economic and political institution, the use of money also expanded. Along with the use of money, the use of credit instrument also developed. The origin of modern financial institution can be traced to antiquity, where the individuals used to accept money in the form of deposits and lend it to people who needed for meeting their requirements which may be economic or social. As times advanced, the character of economic transaction also changed. Old order of borrowing and lending underwent metamorphic changes. Finance became a powerful instrument for any change. In fact, the innovations in the fields of transport and communication, development of energy and manufacturing have resulted in innovations in the sphere of banking.
ABOUT BANKING SYSTEM

The development of Banking is evolutionary in nature. There is no single answer to the question of what is banking. Because a bank performs a multitude of functions and services which cannot be comprehended into single definition, for a common man, a bank means a storehouse of money for a business, it is an institution of finance and for a worker it may be a depository for his savings.
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EVOLUTION OF BANKING
Initially, the bankers, the Jews in Lombardy carried out their business on benches in the market place resembled the banking counter. If the banker failed, his banque (bench) was broken into pieces by the people; hence the word bankrupt came into existence. In simple term bankrupt means a person who has lost all his money, wealth, or financial resources.
THE ORIGIN OF THE WORD BANK

Bank German(joint stock fund) Banco Italian (heap of money) Baucus/banque French (bench/chest a place where valuables are kept) Bank English (common meaning prevalent today)
Meaning of banking
The term banking is defined as accepting for the purpose of lending or investment of money from the public repayable on demand or otherwise and withdrawal by cheques, drafts and orders.
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Importance of Banks
The importance of bank cannot be denied at all. Banks play an important and significant role in economic development of a country. The economic importance of bank is as follows: 1. Banks mobilizes the small scattered and idle saving of people. 2. Banks plays a vital role in development of a country. 3. Banks provides safety and security to surplus money and deposits. 4. Banks influence the rate of interest in the money market. 5. Banks direct the flow of the funds into productive channels. 6. It mobilizes funds from surplus to deficit places. 7. Banks serve as the best financial intermediary between savers and investors. 8. Banks facilitates trade and commerce, industry and agriculture by meeting their financial requirements. 9. Banks provide a convenient and economical means of payment. 10.They create credit by lending several times the cash deposits they receive. 11.Banks influence employment, income and the general price level. Banks are useful in several ways and can be concluded that a strong and sound banking system is indispensable for economic development of any country.
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Traditional services of banks The Goldsmith:

The goldsmiths by virtue of dealing in gold facilitates for the safe keeping of valuables. A person largely because of the danger of theft started to leave their precious bullion and coin in the custody of goldsmith. Goldsmith began imposing charges for safe keeping.
The moneylender:
The moneylenders were men of means and reputations. They used to lend their surplus funds to the needy at high rates of interest and earned large income. The moneylenders borrowed money at lower rates of interest and lent it to the needy at higher rate of interest. The difference between the two interests constituted the profits.
The merchant bankers:

These people are originally traders in commodities. They were engaged in trade, internal as well as external. In course of time besides trading, they undertook the financing trade, especially the foreign. Thus the merchant who started as traders in goods slowly developed as financier of foreign trade or banker. It is clear that merchant bankers, money lenders and goldsmith were largely responsible for the development of modern banks.
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Modern banks possess the characteristics of all these ancestors like the merchant bankers, modern banks finance foreign trade and use bills of exchange in their financing of foreign trade. Like the money lenders, modern banks accept deposits from those who have surplus money to spare and lend the same to the needy for productive purposes. Like the goldsmiths modern banks provide to the depositors and a convenient means of payment in the form of cheques and create money.
History of banking in India:

Banking was existence in India from very early times. The writing Manu and Kautilya contained references to banking. But, banking on western lines started in India only from the beginning of the 19th century. The Indian commercial banking system had to pass through a series of financial crisis and reforms; its growth was slow during the first half of the 20th century. Further many banks during this period went through a series financial crisis. It is only after independence the Indian banking system has made a rapid progress. Today, the Indian banking system is one the sophisticated and well developed commercial banking systems in the world.
Meaning of the term Bank:

The term BANK is derived from the German word PACKS which means joint stock fund or a common fund that is a Heap of money raised from a large number of the public.
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They contended that the early European bankers raised a common fund or heap of money from the public for the purpose of financing the need as, banks deal in common funds or heaps of money raised from the public.
Definition of the term Bank:

The Indian Banking Companies Act of 1949 defines the term Banking Company as any company which transacts the business of banking in India, as accepting foe the purpose of lending or investment of deposits of money from the public repayable on demand or otherwise and withdraw able by cheques, draft order or otherwise.
Classification of banks
Banks are classified into several types based on the functions they perform. Generally banks are classified into: Commercial banks Investment banks (or) Industrial banks Exchange banks Land mortgage bank Central bank Co- operative banks Commercial banks: Commercial banks perform all the business transaction of a typical bank. They accept three types of deposits viz current deposit, fixed deposits, saving deposits which are re payable on demand.
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Since commercial banks are expected to meet immediate requirements of depositors, they cannot invest credit overdrafts. They provide cheque facility and bank draft for transfer of funds, safeguarding the valuables, discounting the bills of exchange, collecting customers stocks and shares etc. Investment / Industrial banks Investment banks are those banks which are mainly concerned with underwriting new securities. They underwrite new issued shares and debentures of industrial companies and also purchase entire issue of new securities and later sell it to the public at higher price. Industrial banks are those banks which are socialized in providing long term loans to industries with a view to buy plant and machinery and other capital assets that require huge capital outlay. These banks play major role in economic development of a country.
Exchange bank: Exchange banks are known as foreign banks or foreign exchange banks, which provide foreign exchange for import trade. Their main function is to make international payment through the purchase and sales of exchange bills. They convert home currency into foreign currency and vice versa. They discount foreign exchange bills, which are used in foreign trade. These banks function like commercial banks accepting deposits and lending funds for investment.
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Land mortgage banks: Whenever agricultural loan is required they have to approach land development banks, where the loans are given on long term basis. Modern land mortgage banks provide long term loans on the security of the land to initiate permanent improvement on the lands and to buy agricultural equipments. The central mortgage banks raise resources by means of selling debentures in the money markets. The government may also stand security to the debentures. In India these banks functions on co-operative basis.
Saving banks: Saving banks are specialized financial institutions established to mobilize the savings from people. Generally they pool in the savings of the community. The primary objectives of these banks are to promote thrift among the low and middle income groups. The banks also offer interest on these deposits. The depositors are allowed to withdraw money from their account whenever needed. The saving banks business in urban and cosmopolitan centre is increasing significantly in recent years, On account of various facilities like frequent withdrawals, attractive rate of interest, use of cheques etc.
Central banks: Central bank is the apex bank in the country which brings the entire banking system unified, controlled and regulated. The central bank is the main source of an efficient banking system in the country.
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The monetary policies of the country is formulated and enforced by the central bank. These banks are responsible for monetary stability in the country. Central bank is a specialist monetary system under which all other banking institutions have to function. It regulates the currency issue; the expansion and contraction of currency issue are managed by the central bank. Every country has a central bank. It is called The Reserve Bank in India.
Co-operative banks: Co- operative banks are generally an association formed and operated for the benefits of those using it. It is a commercial enterprise that is run for the benefit of its owners. They banks are promoted to meet banking requirements of customers only in urban areas. The co-operative banks function like commercial banks receiving deposits and lending money in rural areas. These banks supply finance to agricultures, while in urban areas they provide finance to buy consumer goods. They provide short and medium term loans. They are formed on co-operative principle and they are service oriented than profit oriented. They provide credit at lower rates of interest to people of small means like small cultivators, artisans, petty shopkeepers etc. The co-operative banks have a history of almost 100 years. These cooperative banks are an important constituent of the Indian financial system, judging by the role assigned to them, the expectations are supposed to fulfill their number, and their number of offices they operate. The co-operative
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movement originated in the west, but the important that such banks have assumed in India is rarely paralleled anywhere else in the world. Their role in rural financing continues to be important even today, and their business is in urban areas also has increased phenomenally in recent years mainly due to the sharp increase in the number of primarily co-operative banks. While the co-operative banks in rural areas mainly finance agricultural based activities including farming. Cattle, milk, hatchery, personal finance etc along with some small scale industries and self employment driven activities, the cooperative banks in urban areas mainly finance various categories of people for self employment, industries, small scale units, home finance, consumer finance, personal finance etc. Some of the co-operative banks are quite forward looking and have developed sufficient core competencies to challenge state and private sector banks. According to NAFCUB the total deposits and lendings of cooperative banks is much more than Old private sector banks and also the new private sector banks. This exponential growth of co-operative bank is attributed mainly to their ability to catch the nerve of the local clientele. Though registered under the co-operative societys act of the co-operative banks are also regulated by the Reserve Bank of India. They are governed by the Banking Regulation Act 1949 and Banking Law (Co-operative societies) Act, 1965. MEANING The co-operative banks are small-sized units organized in the cooperative sector, which operate both in urban and non-urban centers. They finance small borrowers in industrial and trade sectors besides professional
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and salary classes. Regulated by the Reserve Bank of India, they are Governed by the Banking Regulations act 1949 and Banking Laws (Cooperative societies) Act, 1965. DEFINITION A co-operative is an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations though a jointly owned and democratically controlled enterpriseThe Financial System in India The economic development of any country depends upon the existence of a well organized financial system. It is the financial system, which supplies the necessary financial inputs for the production of the goods and services, which promote the well being and standard of living of the people of the country. Thus The financial system: is a border term, which brings the financial markets and financial institution, which support the system. The major asset traded in the financial system, is to mobilize the savings in form of money and monetary assets and invest them to productive ventures. An efficient functioning of the financial the flow of funds to more productive activities and thus promotes investment. Thus the financial system provides the intermediation between savers and investor and promotes faster economic development. The microcosm of its objective is MASS BANKING right from its inception. Hence, the major thrust of the bank to inculcate the banking habits among middle and lower strata of the society, mostly in hitherto unbanked / under banked areas. Keeping this objective in view Banks have opened
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branches in such areas, which are predominantly resided by middle /lower income groups, and the areas concentrated by minorities and backward classes to whom commercial banks are not easily accessible. The bank has, therefore adopted selective policy in the opening of branches by identifying the centers where there is a good potential for inculcating the habit of saving amongst the people and at the same time, providing much needed finance to these people, not only to meet their domestic needs but also for developing their business, and in the process helping them become self-sufficient. In-house capabilities for imparting adequate training to the employee continued to be a major strength of the bank. Training is being provided to make them more competitive and customers oriented.
STRUCTURE OF CO-OPERATIVE BANKING IN INDIA CO-OPERATIVE CREDIT STRUCTURE- AGRICULTURE CREDIT
SHORT TERM AND MEDIUM TERM
LONG TERM
STATE CO- OPERATIVE BANK PRIMARY CREDIT SOCIETIES
CENTRAL LAND DEVELOPMENT BANK
GRAIN BANKS PRIMARY CO-OPERATIVE BANKS FARMERS SERVICE SOCIETY LARGE SIZE MULTI PURPOSE SOCIETIES
PRIMARY LAND DEVELOPMENT BANKS
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RECENT TRENDS IN INDIAN BANKING

1. Asset- Liability Management in Banks (ALM): ALM of recent origin in India. The guidelines were issued by RBI on 10th Feb. 1999, and they were implemented w.e.f 1.4.1999. It is a comprehensive and dynamic framework for measuring monitoring and managing the market risk of a bank. It refers to the management of maximized within the overall risk preference of the institution. Asset liability committee (ALCO) is the top most committee to oversee the implementation of ALM system in a bank. It is headed by the CMD or ED of the bank. 2. Capital Adequacy in Indian Banks: The guidelines on capital standard were released in July 1988. In India these were implemented w.e.f. 1.4.1992. It is aimed at strengthening the financial soundness and stability of the banking system. Capital adequacy ratio (CAR) or capital to risk assets is the ratio of capital fund to risk weighted assets expressed in percentage terms as
CAR= capital fund Risk weighted asset 100 3. Retail Banking: Retail banking refers to services provided to individual needs for different kinds of financial services in an integrated manner. It is an initiative to increase penetration by
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providing increasing level of service and increased access by offering value added services to customers by packing them with retail banking products and services. Retail banking has three important segments. Deposit product (convenient deposit scheme like flexi deposit scheme) Loan products (housing loan, educational loan, conveyance loan, personal loan for medical treatment, travel)
Other products including value added services like free

collection of outstation instruments, issued free ATM cards. Waiver of charges on utility services such as payment of water, electricity, telephone bills etc. 4. Rating of Banks: The Padmanabhan committee appointed by the RBI in 1995, to take a fresh look at banking supervision suggested methods of on-site and off-site supervision and subsequent rating by the RBI. Rating criteria: The supervision of banks should focus on defined parameters of financial managerial and operational efficiency. Accordingly it recommended that the banks should be rated on a 5 point scale of A to E on the lines of international CAMELS (capital adequacy, asset quality, management, earnings, liquidity and systems and control) rating model.
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5. Bancassurance: Bancassurance stands for distribution of financial products particularly insurance policies (both life and non-life) by banks as corporate agents, through their branch network.
6. Prime Lending Rate: Prime lending rate is the lending rate that a bank changes its most creditworthy or prime corporate (near zero risk) customers so that the earnings from such lending will cover all costs and leave a margin adequate enough to service the capital.
7. Commercial paper: commercial paper introduced during 1990, is a short term money market instrument issued as a usance promissory note (unsecured). It is privately placed. The objective is to enable highly rated corporate borrowers to diversify their sources of shortterm borrowings and to provide an additional instrument to investors.
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PROFILE OF THE RAJAJINAGAR CO-OPERATIVE BANK LTD

The Rajajinagar co-operative bank was started in the year 1996 with just few members. The bank currently has 3 branches in the state, the head office situated at Rajajinagar, and other branches at Basaveshwaranagar and Nagarbhavi, serving the depositors and the account holders who exceed 10 lakhs in numbers. A co-operative organization is an association of persons usually of limited means, who have voluntarily joined together to achieve a common economic end through the formation of a democratically controlled organization. The concept of co-operation gained popularity in the U.K. in 19th century. The profiteering of the middlemen by charging exorbitant prices for their goods encouraged the customers to form co-operative societies. In India, the idea of co-operation was given a concrete shape in 1904 in the field of agricultural credit. The basic principle of co-operation is voluntary association of people to serve their common interest. The Rajajinagar co-operative bank has 3 branches in Bangalore. The bank is formed on the co-operative principle and as they are more service oriented than profit oriented. The bank provides credit at low rate of interest to the common economically weaker sections of society. The bank adheres to the rules and regulation strictly. Banking sector is under tremendous pressure, and is required to perform well due to immense competition from various domestic and foreign banks. Although Profitability is one of the means by which the
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performance is measured, it is also meant to showcase their strength and weakness, the Rajajinagar co-operative bank is more of service oriented. The microcosm of its objective is MASS BANKING right from its inception. Hence, the major thrust of the bank has been to inculcate the banking habits among middle and lower strata of the society, mostly in hitherto unbanked/ under banked areas. Keeping this objective in view the Rajajinagar co-operative bank opened branches in such areas, which are predominantly resided by middle or lower income groups, and the areas concentrated by the minorities and backward classes to whom commercial banks are not easily accessible. The bank has, therefore adopted selective policy in the of opening of branches by identifying the centers where there is good potential for inculcating the habit of saving amongst the people and at the same time, providing much needed finance to these people, not only to meet their domestic needs but also for developing their business, and in the process helping them become self- sufficient and self- reliant. In-house capabilities for imparting adequate training to the employees continued to be the major strength of the Rajajinagar co-operative bank. Training is being provided to make them more competitive and consumer oriented.
INCEPTION
MISSION OF THE RAJAJINAGA R CO-OPERATIVE BANK To emerge as a nationalized bank with traditional values. To provide world class services to the customers. To maintain the highest standard of professionalism and integrity.
OBJECTIVES:
1. To encourage saving, self-help and co-operation among the bank members, nominees and account holders. 2. To carry on the banking activities according to the rules of the banking regulation act of 1949 as applicable to co-operative societies under section 5B. 3. To collect money or to obtain funds, thereby imparting savings among lower and middle section of the society. 4. To prepare projects and lend funds to economically backward and poor groups in the society.
THE CORPORATE LOCATIONS OF THE BANK 1. RAJAJINGAR- HEAD OFFICE (HEAD OFFICE) 2. BASAVESHWARANAGAR. 3. ANNOPOORNESHWARI (NAGARBHAVI) PRINCIPLES OF THE RAJAJINAGAR CO-OPERTIVE BANK
The Rajajinagar co-operative bank is formed on the co-operative principle and is more service oriented than profit oriented. The co-operative principles are the guidelines by which the bank puts its values into practice. The Rajajinagar co-operative bank abides the following principle. Principle one VOLUNTARY AND OPEN MEMBERSHIP
Co-operative society is open to all persons able to use their service and willing to accept the responsibility of membership without gender, social, racial, political or religious discrimination.
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Principle two
DEMOCRATIC MEMBER CONTROL
Co-operative society is democratic organization controlled by their members, who actively representative are accountable to the membership; the co-operative members have equal voting rights. Principle three MEMBER ECONOMIC PARTICIPATION
Contribute equitable to and democratically control the capital of their co-operative. At least part of the capital is usually the common property of the co-operative member, usually receive limited compensation subscribed, if any on capital subscribed as condition of membership allocate surplus for any purpose of developing their co-operative, possible by setting up reserve, part of which would be in divisible benefiting members in proportion of their transaction with the co-operative bank and supporting other activities approved by the membership.
Principle four
AUTOMATIC AND INDEPENDENCE
Co-operative banks provides education and training for the member, elected representatives, managers if they enter into agreement with other organization, including government to raise capital from external sources they do so in terms that ensure democratic control by their member and maintain their co-operative autonomy. Principle five EDUCATION, TRAINING AND INFORMATION
The Rajajinagar Co-operative bank provides education and training for their elected representative, managers and employees, so that
they can contribute effectively to the development of their co-operative, they inform the general public particularly people and aspiring leaders about the nature and benefit of the bank. Principle six MEMBERS Co-operative serve their members most effectively and strength the co-operative movement by working together through local, national, regional and international structure. Principle seven CONCERN FOR COMMUNITY CO-OPERATION AMONG CO-OPERATIVE
The Rajajinagar co-operative bank works for the sustainable development of their communities through policies approved by their members.
POLICIES OF THE BANK To deliver quality services to the customers. Committed to the compliance of laws & regulation formed by the
govt.
To frequently supply Reserve bank with necessary data. Employees may not accept gifts, entertainment from anyone
seeking a contract with the company.
To provide the middle/ lower class people with lower interest. To have a diverse credit portfolio.
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To keep in view the national policy attached to the housing sector

and liberalize the finance for construction/ renovation, acquisition of residential houses based on the repaying capacity of the borrower.
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING FOR SUCCESS OF THE BANK: Quality of services Low rate of interest Various forms of deposits and loans offered to suit the needs of different people Customers friendly atmosphere maintained in the bank. Efficient and well qualified employees.
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ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE RAJAJINAGAR CO-OPERATIVE BANK LTD
GENERAL BODY (SHARE HOLDERS)
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
PRESIDENT
GENERAL MANAGER (ACTING CEO)
ASST GENERAL MANAGER
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GENERAL BODY (SHARE HOLDERS) As per the membership details given in the annual reports as on 3103-2011, the total number of members/ shareholders of the Rajajinagar cooperative bank are about 20,000.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS (BOD)

At present there are 13 directors of the bank. The president and the director are elected once in 5 years in the General Body Meeting. The main function of the directors is to formulate policies and see to the smooth functioning of the bank. All important decisions are subject to the approval of the board. The present directors on board are: PRESIDENT: Sri K.L. THIMAPPA
VICE PRESIDENT:
Sri R.J. KAILASAM
DIRECTORS:
Sri S.M. MALLAIAH Sri H.S. SHIVALINGAYYA. Sri KUPPESWAMY NAIDU Sri K. JANARDHANA NAIDU Sri D.N. SUBBARAYAPPA Dr. C.VENKATACHALAPATHI
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Sri H. HUCCHEGOWDA Dr. R.J. KAILASAM Smt. M. SHARADHAMMA Sri M. GOVINDASWAMY Sri JATAINDI MANAGER: Sri M. JAYARAM
ADVANTAGE OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL SRTUCTURE It promotes logical division of work. Every functional head looks after one function only and therefore the
workload on top executives is reduced.
As a result of joint supervision and training, control becomes

effective.
Recruitment, selection and training of manager are simplified because

each individual is required to have knowledge of ones functional area only.
Every individual in the organization concentrates on only one function

and services expert guidance and therefore efficiency of operation is high.
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MANAGEMENT: Today living up to the ideals of the founding visionaries is the managements main mission at the Rajajinagar co-operative bank. The management includes dedicated professionals who bring with them considerable amount of experience in the banking industry.
CHIE FEATURES: VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATION

The most important feature of the Rajajinagar cooperative society is that it is voluntary association of individuals. Persons are free to join or to withdraw their membership from the society. OPEN MEMBERSHIP This means that membership of the society should be open to all, without political, religious discrimination against anyone. Further, it should be available to all persons who need and can make use of the societys service and are willing to accept the responsibility of the membership. COMMON INTEREST All members of the society have common goal and interest. The main aim of the members of the co-
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operative society is to ensure fair use of their produce/services.
GROWTH OF THE BANK

The bank started its operation in the year 1966 with a share capital of Rs 1, 00,000. The bank started its new branch at Basaveshwaranagar in the year 1992 and another branch at Annapoorneshwari nagar {Nagarbhavi} recently. The net profit of the bank in the year 2004 was a whopping Rs 50, 12,713. The NPA of the bank in the year was Rs 27, 31,633.
FUTURE PLANS OF THE BANK The Rajajinagar co-operative bank has a excellent mix of visionaries and
workforce with outstanding commitment and skills, keeping this the mind the top management has drafted a realistic and achievable plans for the future, they are: 1. To increase the deposits of the bank. 2. To increase the facility of lending loans to the members of the bank. 3. To improve the financial status of the bank. 4. To train all the staff members in order to increase the effectiveness of the bank. 5. To earn more profit by adopting to the changes those are taking place in the banking industry.
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SERVICE PROFILE OF THE RAJAJINAGAR CO-OPERATIVE BANK SERVICE OF THE BANK: The co-operative bank functions like commercial bank receiving deposits and lending money. They provide short and medium term loans. When the bank commenced its operation in 1966, its services were primarily focused on the growth and development of urban sector. Today a variety of specialized services are offered thorough various branches.
SERVICES RNDERED BY THE BANK Locker facility in head office as well as branch offices. Increased interest rate of 1.0% to the senior citizens for the amount deposited more than 1 year. Increased interest of 0.5% to amount deposited by the institution. Demand draft facility at a discount rate for the main cities of the country through HDFC bank. Interest on deposit is more than that of commercial bank. Pay order facility. Computerized transaction in head office and branches as well. Excellent services to the customers and special interest to senior citizens. Credit on jewelers. Quick sanction of loan at low rate of interest.
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1% discount is allowed on loans which are paid within the agreed period. Yashashwini Arogya Yojane sponsored by the KARNATAKA state government, safety for deposits. Provides all types of banking facility provided by nationalized banks.
DOMESTIC OFFERINGS Rajajinagar co-operative bank offers a wide array of customer friendly deposit and credit scheme. This scheme has been decided after careful understanding of small and medium scale saving customer requirements.
DEPOSIT SCHEME
1. FIXED DEPOSIT SCHEME: Ideal for common people, retired persons and housewives and others, the fixed deposit scheme provides regular income at monthly or quarterly or yearly intervals. 2. SAVING ACCOUNT: It is meant for persons whenever they can deposit and withdraw money from their account as and when the account holder wishes. But, is a limitation that only once or thrice a week they make transaction. 3. LOANS AND ADVANCES The bank has introduced many schemes that cater people with regard to:
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Housing loans Secured and unsecured loans Vehicle loans
HOUSING LOAN ELIGIBILITY: Membership for one year at least. PURPOSE: Loans sanctioned for construction of houses, purchase of flat, repair, addition, purchase of BDA sites. LEGAL OPINION: To be obtained from advocate of banks panel. AMOUNT OF LOAN: Maximum of 20 lakhs loan is given for housing loans. SECURITY: Mortgage of immovable property. INTEREST: 11.5% p.a. plus for delayed payment of installment wherever applicable. And the interest amount fluctuates.
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MORTGAGE LOAN
ELIGIBILTY: Membership for six months at least, the applicant can utilize the sanctioned limit for any purpose. SECURITY: The immovable asset should be mortgaged to the bank, Copy of the IT returns to be produced in order to obtain loan of Rs 5, 00,000 and above. LIMIT: Maximum 10, 00,000 based on the repaying capacity of the applicant. QUANTUM OF THE LOAN: 50% of the value of the immovable property will be considered for sanction. REPAYMENT: Maximum of 10 years. DOCUMENTS TO BE PRODUCED: Original title deed of the property along with E.c. and connected reserve record, followed by satisfactory legal opinion from the advocate of the bank panel.
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RATE OF INTEREST: 13% per annum + 2% for delayed payment of installment wherever applicable.
JOINT LOANS
ELIGIBILITY: Membership for six months at least, permanent government employees and PSUs, corporation and private sector employees with a minimum of 5 years service. QUANTUM OF LOAN: Up to Rs 10, 000 for productive purpose, (five times of net salary) Up to Rs 25, 000 for productive purpose, ( ten times of net salary) Up to Rs 50, 000 for productive purpose, cheque facility is available, (ten times of net salary) SHARE AMOUNT: 10% of loan sanctioned. Re payment- maximum of 50 installment depending on the quantum of the loan. RATE OF INTEREST: The rate of interest is 14%, subjected to revision from time to time. SECURITY: Third party guarantee up to Rs 25000. Assignment of LIC policy/ NSC/ deposits with bank for a sum of Rs 25000 and above.
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SUB COMMITTEES OF THE BANK

Loan sub- committee. Account arrears sub-committee. Staff sub-committee. Computer sub-committee. Audit sub-committee. Building sub-committee. Annual committee. General body members.
DEPARTMENTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

Rajajinagar co-operative bank Ltd has a total of 11 functional departments. They are as follows: Accounts Department Credit management Departments Administration department/ Personnel Department Enquiry/ Dispatch section Audit Department Investment, Treasury and Fund management Department Information technology Department Loan processing Department Clearing Department. Planning and Development Department Recovery department
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PROCESS OF DEPARTMENTS
1. ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT a) The accounts are maintained with software installed in all the branches which has been purchased. b) Consolidated accounts like preparation of balance sheet, final accounts are maintained by central office.
2. CREDIT MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT a) Credit management is based on the paid-up capital, reserves, deposits, advances and working capital. b) The main aim for accepting the deposits is to provide loans. c) The criterias for loan are exposure norm, deposit position, liabilities and quantum basis. d) Division: Appraisal (sanctioning of loan) i.e. pre-sanction and post-sanction. Monitoring (supervision and control department) Recovery of non-performing assets e) The time given by RBI to recover NPAs is 90 days. f) The salaried customer is judged on quantum for sanction of loans. g) A strategic change is expected regarding the rate of interest. h) This department for which meets once in 6 months to meet all the expenses of the central offices and branches and the amount is debited to the banks account.
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3. AUDIT DEPARTMENT a) All the records in the branches will be inspected on a regular interval. b) This department checks for the functioning of branches and implementation of the RBI norms. The branch manager is responsible to the co-operation to inspection department. c) The central office lays down the norms to all the branches. d) This department also checks the auditing i.e. concurrent audit. (Internal), statutory audit (under the inspection of govt of Karnataka), regular inspection, special and surprise inspections. e) Also the formal yearly inspection is conducted.
4. Investment, Treasury and Fund management Department a) Treasury includes the entire asset including cash. b) The management of funds is done at the macro- level for the demand. c) This department should maintain a ratio of 60-65% between the advances and deposits. d) The investment are a part of funds called Pipe-Line (i.e. on demand) e) A current account is maintained with all other bank in RBI through which inter-bank transaction are made. f) The funds management includes 2 factors which are prescribed by the RBI which are called as Demand and Time Liability ( DTL)
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5. LEGAL DEPARTMENT a) All the legal cases regarding the non-payment are filed at the office of Registrar of co-operative societies (RCS) b) The cases are distinguished according to the type of loans availed by the customers.
6. PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT The Personnel department takes care of the following in the organization: a) Transfers b) Promotions c) Salaries and Payments d) Employee welfare e) Staff related issues The Karnataka state co-operative federation decides the salaries for all the employees of the co-operative banks.
7. PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT a) Planning and development collects all the Technical and Nontechnical information on a daily basis. b) The basic function of this department are monitoring, consolidating and sending the reported to the BOD who in turn produces those in RBI. c) This department takes care of the Forecasting, Corporate planning, budgeting.
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d) Upgrading and updating the business of the bank including the branches.
e) Checking the areas of improvement and correction f) Keeping the track record of the information in the past 3 years. g) It is done on weekly and monthly basis. h) It is otherwise called as Assets and Liabilities management. All the reports have to be sent to the BOD where +20% of the mismatch is made through which the functioning can be judged. i) Controlling: it is done only if the functioning is questionable.
8. RECOVERY DEPARTMENT a) The execution cases are taken care by this department. b) The following are the steps taken by the recovery department: Identify the customers identity Issue form no.6 Demand notice prior to sale of mortgage of immovable property, which would be signed by the ARCS. The ARCS is the recovery officer in charge who should have the encumbrance certificate (EC) given by the state government. The amount should be paid with interest. The defaulter should make the payment within 10 days. Issue form no 8&9.
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Under Rule 441 of Karnataka co-operative societies, the ARCS given 1 month time for payment of the amount due by the defaulter. This is the final warning given to the defaulter. Fix the sale of the property.
STANDARD OF CONDUCT
The Rajajinagar co-operative bank Ltd follows certain Standard of Conduct or Ethical principle that will be enforced equitably at all organizational levels. They are: 1. Towards customers. 2. Quality services 3. Error reconciliation 4. Towards employees 5. Equal employment opportunities 6. Good work place environment 7. Employee privacy 8. Open communication 9. Employee development 10.Compensation and benefits 11. Towards shareholders 12.Good return on investment 13.Protection of assets. 14.Intellectual property 15.Accuracy of records
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16.Prompt communication to shareholders.
REFORMATION POLICIES: During the last 6 years, the Reserve bank of India has been enforcing in a phased manner certain internationally accepted financial norms in banking sector. The high power committee appointed by the reserve bank of India in May 1999 under the chairmanship of Sri K Madhav Rao reviewed the performance of urban co-operative banks and suggested measures to structure and strengthens this sector. The parameter for establishment of new urban co-operative banks has been revised exercising more control by the authorities as recommended by the committee. The committee also suggested the continued financial stability of urban cooperative banks cannot be ensured unless they are subject to discipline of maintenance of prescribed minimum capital to the risk, as in case of commercial banks. The urban co-operative banks will therefore have critically assess their present capital base vice-versa, their overall risk exposure and devices suitable for strengthening overall financing position.
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INTEREST RATES OFFERED BY THE BANK

MATURITY PERIOD
INTEREST RATES 6% 7% 8% 9% 9.5%
30 days to 90 days 91 days to 180 days 181 days to 1 year 1 year to 3 years Above 3 years
INTEREST RATE CHARGED BY THE BANK AMOUNT

HOUSING LOAN UPTO 5 LAKHS HOUSING LOAN FROM 5 LAKHS TO 10 LAKHS HOUSING LOAN ABOVE 10 LAKHS VEHICLE, JEWELER & OTHER LOAN LOAN ON SALARIES
RATE (%) 10 11 12 13 14
Interest rates are subjected to vary in accordance with RBI guidelines
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RESEARCH DESIGN
TITLE OF THE STUDY AN APPRAISAL ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF RAJAJINAGAR CO-OPERATIVE BANK USING FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Finance is regarded, as the lifeblood of the business world and one of the major sources to meet the financial requirements of any commercial establishment. Co-operative bank is also one of the institutions, which offers the financial solution to meet the requirement of different business people. LENDING OF FUNDS is the basic function of a co-operative bank. It constitutes the main business of a bank. The major portion of banks fund is employed by the ways of Loans and Advances enable trade, commerce, industry and agricultures to meet their financial requirements. In this project an attempt has been made to study the various Assets and Liabilities and thereby the Financial performance of the Rajajinagar co-operative bank. Analysis of financial performance is one of the major requirements for planning. Rajajinagar co-operative bank is private bank and analysis of its financial performance is required by shareholders, management, creditors, prospective investors, employees and other institutions who are interested in knowing the financial soundness of the bank.
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SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study was conducted to assess the financial activities in THE RAJAJINAGAR CO-OPERATIVE BANK relating their business activities and performance of the co-operation. The study is being done to assess the financial activities of the RAJAJINAGAR CO-OPERATIVE BANK. The study is being done to ascertain the financial status of the bank. The study on financial performance is made through THE FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANLYSIS (COMPARATIVE) The study was made to analyze the financial performance with reference to financial statement like profit and loss account and balance sheet with the help of tables and graphs, providing suggestions for improving the methods and procedures followed by the firm/bank.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY To understand the financial performance of the Rajajinagar cooperative bank.
To bring out the strength and weakness of the bank. To study the overall operating efficiency and performance of the
bank.
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To study the financial performance and trends of a private (cooperative) bank in midst of specialized service providing nationalized and international banks.
To establish comparative financial statement analysis as an effective

tool for measuring the financial performance of a concern.
To study the efficiency with which the bank is utilizing its assets in
generating income.
METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY

The required information and statistical data collected are related to this study of financial performance appraisal of the Rajajinagar co-operative bank LTD. The collected data was then arranged properly and used for the purpose of conducting the project study. PLACE OF THE STUDY: RAJAJINAGAR CO-OPERATIVE BANK LTD, #741, 3rd block Rajajinagar Bangalore 10
METHOD OF STUDY
1. Discussion with the management of the bank to get general information about their activities. 2. Study of classification of items adopted in profit and loss account, balance sheet and the accounting policies of the resources. 3. A detailed study of the annual reports for collecting data for 5 years.
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4. Analysis of techniques and other methods adopted.
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

Non availability of the data as per requirement Due to shortage of time more details regarding the finance or investment could not be complied. Information collected for the purpose of project study is taken from the financial statement published in the annual reports of the bank. Since some information has to be kept secret as per the management policy of the bank, the project is limited to the extent of available information.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RESEARCH DESIGN:

The design of the research study is concerned in such way, as to obtain financial data relating to various functional areas spread over a period of five year from 2007 to 2011 and compares the performance of the bank during the period 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 with that of 2007, which is taken as base year. Various functional details are explained along with conceptual details for clarity of understanding the financial performance of the Rajajinagar co-operative bank. After analysis the resultant findings are taken out and comments are made on the position and trend observed for a better understanding of performance of the Rajajinagar co-operative bank, a historical economic background is furnished. It is an attempt to critically
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analyze the financial performance with the help of comparative financial statement analysis which is traditionally used in similar exercise. Project report preparation has got its own limitations. The data relating to financial performance in the form of profit and loss account, balance sheet for the year 2007-2011 have been obtained. These data are already checked and audited by the chartered accountants who have certified the final accounts of the company. In the world of financial appraisal various methods and techniques are laid down while applying methods to a sector specific itself. Keeping all these aspects in mind I have an attempt to analyze the financial performance of the company using comparative financial analysis.
LITERATURE REVIEW
To understand the financial performance and condition of the firm, its stockholders look at three financial statements viz. the balance sheet, the profit and loss statement and the sources and uses of funds statements. The balance sheets show the financial status of the firm at a given point of time. The profit and loss statement reflects the financial performance of the firm over a period of time typically it is drawn up for a period of one year. The sources and uses of fund statement portray the flow of funds through the business during a given accounting period. Financial statement analysis may be done for variety of purposes, which may range from a simple analysis of the short term liquidity position of the firm to a comprehensive assessment of the strengths and weakness of the firm in various areas. It is helpful in assessing the corporate excellence
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judging credit worthiness, forecasting bond ratings, predicting bankruptcy and assessing market risk. Financial statement analysis with relation to comparative statements is statement of the financial positions at different times. The elements of the financial positions are shown in a comparative form so as to give idea of financial position at two or more periods any statement prepared in a comparative form will be covered in comparative statements. Not only the comparison of the figures of two periods but also be relationship between balance sheet and income statement enables an independent study of financial position and results.
SAMPLING METHODS
Sampling method used in this project study relates to the financial figures, covering the period from 2002-2007. Each data was already checked and verified by the charted accountant; hence the data is straightaway taken for analysis. The data is collected from the final account statements. Comparatively covers the study purpose no samples are required for the study as it is concerned with the true financial data of the company. SOURCES OF THE DATA: Primary Data: Though there is no much scope for primary data in this study an attempt has been made to understand the functioning of the bank and reality understanding of the topic through short interviews with finance manager and other staff.
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Secondary data: The data published or unpublished, which have already been collected and processed by some agencies for their statistical work are termed as secondary data as far as second agency is concerned. The second agency if and when it publishes and files such data, it becomes secondary data source to any one later uses the data. This is related to collect the required information about the study. My source of information is the data available with the bank by going through the annual reports. The study basically relies on secondary data supplied by the bank. The primary data used for the study consist of informal discussion interviews with the deputy manager of the bank.
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DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION COMPARATIVE FINANACIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS

The purpose of financial analysis is to diagnose the information contained in the financial statement so as to judge the profitability and financial soundness of the firm. The analysis and interpretation of financial statement is essential to bring out the mystery behind the financial statements. The term financial statement analysis includes both analysis and interpretation i.e. analysis is used to mean simplification of financial data and interpretation is used to explain the meaning and significance of the data so simplified. In this study COMPARATIVE method of financial statement analysis is done. Here the financial performance of The Rajajinagar co-operative bank from the year 2007 to 2011 is analyzed by keeping the performance for the year 2007 as base and comparing the successive years performance against it (2007). Here the change in percentage of individual elements of the balance sheet is represented in the graphs. In practice the change in percentage is calculated using the formula:
[(P1 P0) P0]100

Where, P1 = CURRENT YEAR P0 = BASE YEAR (200
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TABLE- 1
Table showing share capital of the bank from 2007 to 2011 YEAR AMOUNT (in lakhs) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 403 451 494 540 584 ABSOLUTE CHANGE 48 91 137 181 11.9 22.5 33.9 44.91 PERCENTAGE (%)
ANALYSIS: The table above represents the SHARE CAPITAL position of the Rajajinagar co-operative bank from the year 2007 to 2011. In base year, 2007 the share capital amounted to more than 403 lakhs. In 2008 it is 451 lakhs, further in 2009 it stood at 494 lakhs. In 2010 it is increased to 540 lakhs and in 2011 the capital amounted to 584 lakhs.
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Graph showing the changes in the share capital of the Rajajinagar cooperative bank from the year 2007 to 2011
changes in share capital

50 percentage 40 30 20 10 0 2007 2008 2009 22.5 11.9 33.9 44.91
2010 2011 years
INTERPRETATION:
The graph indicates the growth pattern in the share capital of the bank. In 2008 it has been increased by 11.9%. likewise in 2009 the share capital is 22.5% more than the base year. In 2010 it has been increased by nearly 34% and in the year 2011 the share capital is nearly 45% more than the base years.
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TABLE- 2
Table showing Reserves and Funds of the bank from 2007 to 2011
YEAR
AMOUNT (in lakhs)
ABSOLUTE CHANGE(in lakhs) 11 33 48 67
PERCENTAGE (%) 9.8 29.4 42.8 59.8
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
112 123 145 160 179
ANALYSIS: The table represents the RESERVES and FUNDS of the Rajajinagar co-operative bank from the year 2007 to 2011. The reserves in year 2007 stood at over Rs 112 lakhs. It increased to Rs 123 lakhs in 2008. Likewise
in 2009 it further increased to Rs 145 lakhs. In the year 2010 the reserves stood at Rs 160 lakhs. The reserves of the bank further increased to Rs 179 lakhs in the year 2011.
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Graph showing changes in Reserves and funds of the Rajajinagar cooperative bank Ltd from the year 2007 to 2011
changes in reserves and fund

60 50 percentage 40 30 20 10 0 2007 2008 2009 year 2010 2011
INTERPRETATION: It is evident from the graph that the bank has really pleasing reserves position. In the year 2008 the reserve position of the bank has increased by over 11 lakhs (10%) than the base year. Further in the year 2009 it increased by a phenomenal 30% when compared to 2007. In the year 2010 it further increased by 48 lakhs. Likewise in the year 2011 the reserve position growth is nearly 60% more than the base years. The positive growth pattern implies that the reserve position of the bank is growing over years and also the efficient functioning of the bank in accumulation of reserves. The bank can capitalize on these reserves for making long term changes and strategies to gain competitive advantage.
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TABLE-3 Table showing Deposits in the bank from 2007-201 YEAR AMOUNT (in crores) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 97 93 102 140 150 -4 5 43 53 ABSOLUTE CHANGE (in
crores)
PERCENTAGE (%) -3.7 5.6 44.5 54.4
ANALYSIS: The table above depicts the Deposits received by the Rajajinagar cooperative bank from 2007 to 2011. During 2007 the deposits stood at over Rs 97 crores. In the year 2008 it is decreased to Rs 93 crores and it stood at Rs 102 crores in the year 2009. It further increased to 140 crores during 2010. Likewise in the year it further increased to Rs 150 crores.
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Graph showing changes in Deposits of the Rajajinagar co-operative bank ltd from the year 2007 to 2011
changes in deposits
60 50 40 percentage 30 20 10 0 -10 year
INTERPRETATION: It is understood from the graph that the deposit received by the Rajajinagar co-operative bank in 2008 has decreased by nearly 3.5 crores (3.7%) when compared to the base year 2007. But, the bank has taken some serious steps to increase the deposits and it is evident that the deposit has increased by 6%. Further in the year 2009 the deposits have grown by a whopping 45% than 2007. In 2011 the deposits stood at 150 crores which are 55% more than 2007. The overall deposit position of the bank is quite satisfactory. Efforts must be made to obtain sustain growth and to have good working capital and liquidity position.
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TABLE-4
Table showing Branch Adjustment of the bank from 2007 to 2011
YEAR
AMOUNT ( in lakhs)
ABSOLUTE CHANGE (in

lakhs)
PERCENTAGE (%) 800 1100
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
100 972 1200
872 1100
ANALYSIS: The table shows the banks adjustment between its various branches. In 2007 it stood at 100 lakhs. It increased to 972 lakhs and 1200 lakhs during 2010 and 2011 respectively.
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Graph showing changes in Branch Adjustment of the Rajajinagar cooperative bank for the year 2007 to 2011
changes in branch adjustment
1200 1000
percentage
800 600 400 200 0 year 2007 2008 2009
2010
2011
years
INTERPRETATION: Above graph indicates the branch adjustment of the Rajajinagar cooperative bank during the period 2007 t0 2011. During 2007 and 2008 there was no branch adjustment recorded. But in the year 2010 it increased to 972 lakhs and to Rs 1200 lakhs in 2011 the increase in branch adjustment may be attributed to opening of new branch and pronounced operations of the its branches.
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TABLE-5 Table showing Interest Payable of the bank from 2007 to 2011
YEAR
AMOUNT(in
lakhs)
ABSOLUTE CHANGE(in
lakhs)
PERCENTAGE (%) -9.9 -3.5 25.2 29.6
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
544 490 525 681 705
-54 -19 137 161
ANALYSIS: The above table indicates the status of interest payable by the bank. In the year 2008 the interest payable of the bank decreased to 490 lakhs as compared to RS 544 lakhs in 2007. And in the year 2009 it further decreased to 525 lakhs when compared to 2007. But in during 2010 and 2011 it increased to RS 681akhs and Rs 705 lakhs respectively.
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Graph showing changes in Interest Payable of the Rajajinagar cooperative bank for the years 2007 to 2011
changes in interest payable
35 30 25 20 percentage 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 years 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
INTERPRETATION: The graph above shows mixed pattern in the status of interest payable by the bank. During the base year 2007 the interest payable amounted to Rs 54412426. In the year it decreased by 10% and stood at RS 490 lakhs and in 2009 decreased by 4 % when compared to 2007; decrease in liabilities is a good sign for the bank. But, during 2010 it increased dramatically to RS 691 lakhs, an increase of 25% is recorded and it further increased to RS 705 lakhs i.e. nearly 30% The bank should keep a check on increasing liabilities in order to increase its profit.
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TABLE- 6 Table showing Overdraft of the bank from the year 2007 to 2011
YEAR
AMOUNT(in
lakhs)
PERCENTAGE (%) 14.7 24 43.5 45
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
177 203 220 254 256
ANALYSIS: The table represents the over draft interest reserve of the Rajajinagar co-operative bank Ltd between 2007 and 2011. During the base year it stood over Rs 177 lakhs. In 2008 it amounted to over Rs 203 lakhs. During 2009, 2010, 2011 it increased to Rs 220 lakhs, 254 lakhs and 256 lakhs respectively.
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Graph showing changes in Over draft position of the Rajajinagar cooperative bank from the year 2007 to 2011 changes in overdraft position
50 40 percentage 30 20 10 0 2007 2008 2009 years 2010
2011
INTERPRETATION: The graph above indicates over draft issued by the Rajajinagar co-operative bank Ltd. In 2007 it was over Rs 177 lakhs. In the year 2008 it increased by 15% when compared to 2007. During the year 2009 it increased to over 220 lakhs which mean 24% more than 2007. It further increased by 77 lakhs (43.5) and 79 lakhs 45% during 2010 and 2011 respectively.
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TABLE-7 Table showing other liabilities position of the bank from the year 2007 to 2011
YEAR
AMOUNT (in
lakhs)
ABSOLUTE CHANGE(in lakhs) -28 10 -4 -
PERCENTAGE (%) -20 7 -2.85 -
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
140 112 150 136 140
ANALYSIS: The table indicates the other liabilities status of the Rajajinagar cooperative bank LTD from 2007 to 2011. During 2007 the other liabilities which include current liabilities, dividends, TDS, etc amounted to over Rs 140 lakhs. In 2008 it decreased to 112 lakhs. During 2009 it increased to Rs 150 lakhs. It again decreased to Rs 136 lakhs during 2010. There was no considerable change in other liabilities status in 2011 when compared to the base year.
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Graphs showing other Liabilities position of the Rajajinagar co-operative bank from 2007 to 2011
changes in other liabilities

10 5 percentage 0 2007 -5 -10 -15 -20 -20 years 2008 2009 2010 -2.85 2011 7
INTERPRETATION: From the table and graph it can be inferred that the other liabilities position of the Rajajinagar co-operative bank is fairly good over the years. In 2008 it decreased by 20% when compared to the base year. But, it increased by nearly 10 lakhs i.e. 7% in 2009 than base year. Position of the bank with respect to other liabilities during 2010 and 2011 were quite satisfactory as there was no considerable change in this structure.
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Table -8
Tables showing NET PROFIT of the bank from 2007 to 2011
YEAR
AMOUNT(in
lakhs)
PERCENTAGE (%) 1 52 60.6 87.4
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
127 128 193 204 238
ANALYSIS: The above table indicates the NET PROFIT earned by the bank between 2007 and 2011.In 2007 the bank registered a net profit over Rs 127 lakhs. It further increased by 1 lakh and stood at 128 lakhs. In 2009 a net profit was around Rs 193 lakhs was recorded. In 2010 it further increased to RS 204 lakhs. And during 2011 it registered a net profit of over 238 lakhs.
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Graph showing the NET PROFIT of the Rajajinagar co-operative bank from 2007 to 2011
changes in net profit

100 80 percentage 60 40 20 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 years
INTERPRETATION:
The graph above represents the net profit of the bank after tax; during 2007 the net profit of the bank was 127 lakhs. In 2008 the net profit increased by 129856 a meager 1% and. But in the year 2008 the profit went up by 52%. And during 2010 and 2011 it constantly increased at a rate of 60% and 87% respectively. The increase in profit is a result of efficient functioning and reflects the effective utilization of funds by the management.
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Table 9 Table showing Total Liabilities of the bank from 2007 to 2011
YEAR
AMOUNT (in
crores)
ABSOLUTE CHANGE(in
crores)
PERCENTAGE (%) -2.5 9 51 63
2007 2008 2009 2010 201
122 119 133 184 199
-3 11 62 77
ANALYSIS: The table above indicates the total liabilities inclusive of Net Profit. During 2007 it was Rs 122 crores. In the year 2008 it decreased to 119 crores. But, in the year 2009 it increased to Rs 133 crores. Further in the year 2009 it amounted to Rs 184 crores. In 2010 it again increased to Rs 184 crores. Liabilities as on 31st march 2011 was over Rs 199 crores.
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Graph showing changes in Total Liabilities of the Rajajinagar co-operative bank Ltd from 2007 to 2011
changes in total liabilities

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10
percentage
2007
2008 2009 2010 2011 years Series 1
INTERPRETATION: From the graph the increasing pattern of liabilities including net profit. In 2008 the liabilities was decreased by 3% when compared to the base year. But, the following years shows constant increase in the liabilities structure. During 2009 it increased by nearly 11 crores (9%) when compared to 2007. Further the liabilities in 2010 increased by 51% and amounted to RS 184 crores. In 2011 the liabilities of the bank stood at 199 crores which are 63% more than 2007.
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Table-10
Table showing cash position of the bank from 2007 to 2011.
YEAR
AMOUNT(in
lakhs)
ABSOLUTE CHANGE(in
lakhs)
PERCENTAGE (%) -18 8 14.7 37.4
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
433 355 468 508 595
-78 35 75 162
ANALYSIS: The table above represents the Cash position of the Rajajinagar cooperative bank Ltd from 2007 to 2011. In the year 2007 cash position of the bank was Rs 433 lakhs. During the year the 2008 the cash decreased to Rs 355 lakhs. It further increased to Rs 468 lakhs. Again in the year 2010 it increased to Rs 508 lakhs. And cash position during the year ending 2011 was Rs 595 lakhs.
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Graph showing cash position of the Rajajinagar co-operative bank Ltd from 2007 to 2011
changes in cash position

37 40 percentage 20 0 2007 -20 2008 -18 2009 years 2010 2011 15 8
INTERPRETATION: The graph depicts the cash position of the Rajajinagar co-operative bank Ltd from 2007 to 2011. During 2007 the bank held a cash of over Rs 433 lakhs over. It is to be noted that in 2008 cash decreased by 18% than 2007 and stood at 355 lakhs RS might be due to poor cash management. But, in the year 2009 the bank has improved its cash position by nearly 35 lakhs, which is 8 % more than 2007. Likewise in 2010 the cash position further increased to 508 lakhs which are 15% more than 2007. Further it improved by 38% and amounted to Rs 595 lakhs. The bank must take some effective measures to increase the working capital position. To obtain sustain growth
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TABLE-11 Table showing Fixed Deposits of the bank from 2007 to 2011 YEAR AMOUNT(in
crores)
ABSOLUTE CHANGE(in
crores)
PERCENTAGE (%) -64 -55 31.8 -9
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
22 8 10 29 20
-14 -12 7 -2
ANALYSIS: The table above represents the fixed deposits of the Rajajinagar cooperative bank LTD from 2007 to 2011. During 2007 the FD amounted to 22 crores. In the year 2008 it decreased to Rs 8 crores. In 2009 it again decreased to 10crores. In the year 2010 the deposits increased to 29 crores. In the year 2011 the fixed deposits decreased again and stood at 20 crores.
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Graph showing changes in Fixed Deposits of the Rajajinagar cooperative bank Ltd from 2007 to 2011
changes in fixed deposit position

40 31.8 20 0 percentage -20 -40 -60 -80 -55 -64 years 0 2007 0 2008 2009 2010 2011-9
INTERPRETATION: The structure of fixed deposits of the bank is in not-so- good position. During the base year the fixed deposits amounted to Rs 22 crores. During 2008 and 2009 the deposits of the bank has drastically decreased by 64% and 55% respectively. During the year 2010 it has slightly increased by 32% when compared to the base year and stood at Rs 29 crores. But in 2011 it again decreased by more than 2 lakhs i.e. by 9%.
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TABLE- 12
Tables showing investment of the bank from 2007 to 2011
YEAR
AMOUNT(in
crores)
ABSOLUTE CHANGE(in
crores)
PERCENTAGE (%) -15 -19.2 12 57
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
26 22 21 29 41
-4 -5 3 15
ANALYSIS: The table above represents the investment made by the bank between 2007 and 2011. In 2007 the investment amounted to Rs 26 crores. In 2008 the investment decreased to 22 crores. It further decreased to 21 crores in the year 2009. But, in 2010 and 2011 some improvement can be seen in it amounted to RS 29 crores and Rs 41 crores respectively.
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Graph showing changes in Investment position of the Rajajinagar cooperative bank Ltd from 2007 to 2011 changes in investment position
70 60 50 40 percentage 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 years 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
INTERPRETATION: The graph depicts the mixed trend in investment position of the Rajajinagar co-operative bank Ltd from 2007 to 2011 the investment in 2008 and 2009 were decreased by 15 and 20% respectively. In 2010 some improvement can be seen in investment of the bank it amounted to 29 crores which is 12% more than the base year. And in 2011 a phenomenal increase in investment is evident it has been 57% more than the base year. The bank must make some committed efforts to increase the investment structure in order to increase its profitability position.
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TABLE- 13
Table showing Loans and Advances of the bank from 2007 to 2011
YEAR
AMOUNT(in
crores)
ABSOLUTE CHANGE(in
crores)
PERCENTAGE (%) 24 38 58 71
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
66 82 91 104 113
16 25 38 47
ANALYSIS: The table indicates the loans and advance of the Rajajinagar cooperative bank Ltd between 2007 and 2011. In 2007 the loans amounted to 66 crores. It further increased to 81 crores in the year 2008 and again it increased to 91 crores. During 2010 and 2011 the loans and advances further increased to 104 crores and 113 crores respectively.
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Graph showing changes in loans and Advances lent by the Rajajinagar co-operative bank Ltd from 2007 to 2011 Changes in loans and advances
80 percentage 60 40 20 0 2007 2008 2009
2010
2011
years
INTERPRETATION: The graph depicts the growth pattern of loans and advances of the Rajajinagar co-operative bank. The advances and loans were more during the year 2011 which stood at 11 crores which is 71% more than the base years. And also during 2008, 2009, and 2010 the loans increased by 24%, 38% and 58% than the base year. It implies that the bank is functioning in efficient and meaningful manner.
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TABLE- 14 Table showing change in Interest Receivables of the bank from 2007 to 2011
YEAR
AMOUNT(in
lakhs)
PERCENTAGE (%) 14.7 24 43.5 44.6
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
177 203 220 254 256
ANALYSIS: The above table represents the interest receivable of the bank from 2007 to 2011. The interest receivable of the bank during 2007 amounted to Rs 177 lakhs. It further increased to Rs 203 lakhs in the year 2008. The interest receivable further increased to Rs 220 lakhs, Rs 254 lakhs and Rs 256 lakhs during 2009, 2010 and 2011 respectively.
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Graph showing changes in Interest Receivables of the Rajajinagar cooperative bank ltd from 2007 to 2011
changes in interest receivable position

50 40 30 20 10 0 2007 2008 2009
2010
2011
INTERPRETATION: The graph above depicts the positive growth pattern in the position of the interest receivable of the Rajajinagar co-operative bank Ltd. There is a constant growth in the interest receivable. The interest receivable during the year 2008 increased by 15% when compared to 2007. Further in 2009 and 2010 it increased by 24% and 44% respectively as compared to 2007. Interest receivable at the end of March 2011 was increased by 45% and stood at 256 lakhs.
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Table- 15 Table showing Bills Receivable of the bank from the year 2007 to 2011
YEAR
AMOUNT
(in thousands)
ABSOLUTE CHANGE( in
thousands)
PERCENTAGE (%) 240 -37.9 -85.5 -75.1
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
145 493 90 21 36
348 -55 -124 -109
ANALYSIS: The table above represents the bills receivable of the Rajajinagar cooperative bank between the year 2007 and 2011. The bills receivable amounted to Rs 145 thousands, 493 thousand, 90 thousand, 21.7 thousand, and 36 thousand during 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011 respectively.
Page 83
Graph showing changes in Bills Receivable position of the Rajajinagar co-operative bank Ltd from the year 2007 to 2011
changes in bills receivable

300 250 200 percentage 150 100 50 0 -50 -100 -150 years 2007 2008 2009-38 2010 -85.5 2011 -75 240
INTERPRETATION: The graph reveals the bills receivable of the Rajajinagar co-operative bank. It increased by a whopping 240% in the year 2008 when compared to 2007 but, kept on falling after a whopping increase in the bills receivable. During the year 2009, 2010 and 2011 the bills receivable decreased to Rs 90 thousand (38%), Rs 21 thousand (85.5) and Rs 36 thousand (75%) respectively. Decrease in current assets is a sign of concern for any commercial institution. The decrease in bills receivable may be due to cashing in of bills over a period of time.
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TABLE-16 Table showing premises of the bank from 2007 to 2011
YEAR
AMOUNT(in
lakhs)
ABSOLUTE CHANGE(in lakhs) -1 46 91 79
PERCENTAGE (%) -3 135 267 232
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
34 33 80 125 113
ANALYSIS: The above table represents the premises position of the Rajajinagar co-operative bank Ltd between the period 2007 and 2011. During the base year the premises stood at Rs 34 lakhs. In the following year it decreased to Rs 33 lakhs. But, in 2009 it increased to RS 80 lakhs. During 2010 and 2011 it further increased and stood at Rs 125 lakhs and RS 113 lakhs.
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Graph showing changes is premises of the Rajajinagar co-operative bank Ltd from 2007to 2011
changes in premises
300 250 200 percentage 150 100 50 0 -50 2007 2008 2009 years 2010
2011
INTERPRETATION: The graph depicts the changes in premises position of the Rajajinagar co-operative bank Ltd from 2007 to 2011. In the year 2008 the premises value decreased by Rs 1.1 lakhs (3%) than the base year value. And during 2009 it increased by Rs 46 lakhs, a whopping 135%. In the year 2010 the premises amounted to Rs 127 lakhs, an increase of 267% is evident. The premises of the bank as on 31 march 2011 stood at Rs 113 lakhs i.e. an increase of 232% when compared to 2007. Surge in the premises value may be the cause of opening new branch, appreciation of land. However a sudden decrease in the value of premises during 2011 may be attributed to depreciation in the value.
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TABLE-17 Table showing values of Furniture and Fixtures of the bank from 2007 to 2011
YEAR
AMOUNT(in
lakhs)
ABSOLUTE CHANGE (in

lakhs)
PERCENTAGE (%) 77 169 584 615
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
13 23 35 89 93
10 22 76 80
ANALYSIS: The table above states the position of furniture and fixtures of the Rajajinagar co-operative bank from the year 2007 to 2011. The value of furnitures during 2008 increased and amounted to Rs 23 lakhs as compared to Rs 1305117 in 2007. Further in 2009 it increased to Rs 35 lakhs. Likewise in 2010 and 2011 there was a phenomenal increase in its value and stood at Rs 89 lakhs and 93 lakhs respectively.
Page 87
Graph showing changes in values of Furniture and Fixtures of the Rajajinagar co-operative bank from 2007 to 2011
changes in values of furniture and fixture
700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2007 2008 2009 years 2010
peecentage
2011
INTERPRETATION: The graph states the growth pattern in furniture and fixtures of the Rajajinagar co-operative bank between 2007 and 2011. In 2008 the value increased by Rs 54 lakhs i.e. 77% when compared to 2007s 13 lakhs. Further it increased to Rs 35 lakhs i.e. a whopping 170% when compared to 2007. Again in 2010 and 2011 the value rose by 584% and 615% as against 2007. It is evident that the bank has made taken some worthy measure to increase the furniture and fixtures which is a part of fixed assets if the bank.
Page 88
TABLE-18
Table showing values of total assets of the bank from 2007 to 2011
YEAR
AMOUNT (in
crores)
ABSOLUTE CHANGE(in
crores)
PERCENTAGE (%) -2.4 9 50.8 63
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
122 119 133 184 199
-3 11 62 77
ANALYSIS: The table above indicates the total asset and its change of the Rajajinagar co-operative bank Ltd from 2007 to 2011. In 2007 the total assets stood at Rs 122 crores and in the year 2008 it decreased to 119 crores. During 2009 it increased to 133 crores and during 2010 and 2011 it again increased and stood at Rs 184 crores and 199 crores respectively.
Page 89
Graph showing the changes in total asset of the Rajajinagar cooperative bank Ltd from 2007 to 2011 Changes in total asset
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 years
percentage
2011
INTERPRETATION: From the above graph the changes in total assets of the Rajajinagar co-operative bank between 2007 and 2011 can be inferred. During the base year 2007 total assets stood at Rs 122 crores. In the year 2008 it decreased by 2.4%. But in the year 2009 it increased 9% when compared to 2007. During 2010 and 2011 it increased phenomenally by 51% and 63% than the base year. Increase in asset structure may be attributed to increase in investment, deposits cash and other current assets.
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SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS:

1. The share capital of the bank is firmly increasing year over year. There is a sturdy growth in the share capital of the bank; a positive trend can be inferred. 2. The bank is doing well in accumulation of reserves it is growing year over year. It has a fairly strong reserve position. The current reserve position is nearly 60% more than that of 2007. It implies the bank is working efficiently and profitably. 3. There has been a phenomenal increase in the deposits received by the bank over the years, it was about 972 lakhs in 2007 and in 2011 it is a whopping 1501 lakhs which means increased cash inflow and increased scope for lending. 4. There has been a sharp increase in interest payable by the bank (liabilities) this may be due to increase in deposits received by the bank. 5. It is to be noted that other liabilities like dividend payable, TDS, un cashed vouchers are decreasing constantly. Decrease in liabilities implies that the bank is functioning effectively and in a meaningful manner. 6. The overall liabilities of the bank is increasing constantly, the bank should keep a check on increasing liabilities to improve its profitability.
Page 91
7. The net profit of the bank is fairly increasing year over year. When compared to 2007 currently the banks net profit has increased by 87%. The bank is in good profitability position. 8. The cash position i.e. the working capital of the Rajajinagar cooperative bank is optimally good, it was poorly managed in the year 2008. 9. The fixed deposits of the bank are poor. 10.The bank has invested in many areas. The investment activity was bit poor in the years 2008 & 2009. But, the bank has shown some improvement in investment in the year 2010 and 2011. 11. The bills receivable, a current asset is decreasing constantly over the years. 12. Other assets that include stocks of books, stationery, premium etc was exceptionally good during 2009 & 2010. 13.The growth rate of overall asset of the bank is fairly good.
Page 92
SUGGESTIONS:
1. The bank should obtain marketing executives and try to build brand image in the minds of general public. 2. The bank should make some improvement in investment activities; the bank should invest more in government bonds so as to increase the return and for safety of funds. 3. The bank should improve its cash position which is a main source of working capital. 4. The bank should use modern technique like installation of ATM machines at least in some of the commercial places and main branches so as to reduce the time involved in going to bank office for deposits and withdrawals. 5. The bank should make an aggressive entry into 2 & 4 wheelers vehicle financing to increase the profits and create brand image. 6. The bank should consider opening new branches in areas where commercial activities is more in order to provide assistance to business people and increase its profit. 7. Efforts should be made for better utilization of fixed assets. 8. The branch manager should be given target for both deposits and advances and they may be made accountable for recovery so that the each branch makes profit centre. 9. Flexible credit procedure and credit standards for each segment should be derived.
Page 93
10.To increase profits and brand image the bank can increase the scope of bills of exchange and re-discounting on bills of exchange and rediscounting on bills of exchange. 11.Increase functions like investment in government securities in debt instrument must be handled by well qualified and experienced professionals so that investment wont result in losses.
Page 94
CONCLUSION
In this study an analysis on the structure of the asset and liabilities of the Rajajinagar co-operative bank Ltd is made. The comparative statement analysis of the balance sheet is done by keeping 2007 as base and comparing performance of other periods against it. The study reveals that the firm has growth substantially year by year and when compared with base year as well. The bank has a sound long term and short term solvency. The contribution of various assets towards the profitability of the branch is found that contribution of some asset is increasing and some are not up to the requirement of the bank. The bank can make effective utilization of funds by keeping in mind high safety profitability and, liquidity of for present and future requirements. Various suggestions have been given with reference to the balance sheet and general. The bank may effectively utilize the suggestions and turn each branch into even more profit earning centre. The overall financial position of the bank is fine for sustain growth. More and more promotional activities must be undertaken to create awareness about
the bank and its offering in order to create a brand image among the general public and loyalty among its shareholders. It is appreciable that the Rajajinagar co-operative bank is still functioning according to the policies framed by its founding fathers. It is heartening to know that its goals are more of service oriented than profit oriented.
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Financial Statement Analysis

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FINANACIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE SUBJECT

NEED FOR FINANCE IN BUSINESS

FINANACIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS

TYPES OF FINANCE Finance can be classified into two types as follows:

KLES INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

FINANACIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS

KLES INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

FINANACIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS

FINANACIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS

FINANACIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS

DEVICES OF FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

FINANACIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS

5) FUND FLOW STATEMENT ANALYSIS

6) CASH FLOW STATEMENT ANALYSIS

KLES INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

FINANACIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS

Part-B GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE BANKING

ABOUT BANKING SYSTEM

KLES INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

FINANACIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS

THE ORIGIN OF THE WORD BANK

KLES INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

FINANACIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS

KLES INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

FINANACIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS

Traditional services of banks The Goldsmith:

The merchant bankers:

KLES INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

FINANACIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS

History of banking in India:

Meaning of the term Bank:

KLES INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

FINANACIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS

Definition of the term Bank:

KLES INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

FINANACIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS

KLES INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

FINANACIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS

KLES INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

FINANACIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS

KLES INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

FINANACIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS

FINANACIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS

KLES INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

FINANACIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS

STRUCTURE OF CO-OPERATIVE BANKING IN INDIA CO-OPERATIVE CREDIT STRUCTURE- AGRICULTURE CREDIT

SHORT TERM AND MEDIUM TERM

STATE CO- OPERATIVE BANK PRIMARY CREDIT SOCIETIES

CENTRAL LAND DEVELOPMENT BANK

PRIMARY LAND DEVELOPMENT BANKS

KLES INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

FINANACIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS

RECENT TRENDS IN INDIAN BANKING

FINANACIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS

Other products including value added services like free

KLES INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

FINANACIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS