Rapport English

PART I: INTRODUCTION
What is Materials Technology?

Materials technology is a relatively comprehensive discipline that begins with the production of goods from raw materials to processing of materials into the shapes and forms needed for specific applications. Materials - metals, plastics and ceramics - typically have completely different properties, which mean that the technologies involved in their production are fundamentally different. Materials technology is a constantly evolving discipline, and new materials with interesting properties lead to new applications. For example, the combination of different materials into composites gives rise to entirely new material properties. Materials Science is closely related to materials technology. Materials Science is a multidisciplinary field that connects material properties to the materials chemical composition, micro-structure and crystal structure.
Examples of some materials:

Aluminium Bronze Copper Steel Iron Plastic Zinc Hardwood Glass
I.
Benefits and problems of Recycling:
Recycling: is processing used materials (waste) into new products to prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce energy usage, reduce air pollution (from incineration) and water pollution(from landfilling) by reducing the need for "conventional" waste disposal, and lower greenhouse gas emissions as compared to virgin production. Recycling is a key component of modern waste reduction and is the third component of the "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle" waste hierarchy. Efficient energy use, sometimes simply called energy efficiency, is the goal of efforts to reduce the amount of energy required to provide products and services. For example, insulating a home allows a building to use less heating and cooling energy to achieve and maintain a comfortable temperature. Installing fluorescent lights or natural skylights reduces the amount of energy required to attain the same level of illumination compared to using traditional incandescent light bulbs. Compact fluorescent lights use two-thirds less energy and may last 6 to 10 times longer than incandescent lights. Improvements in energy efficiency are most often achieved by adopting a more efficient technology or production process.
Avoiding pollution: -Minimise use of vehicle. If possible, prefer to go by walk. -Avoid heavy pollution areas if possible -Have a good supply of respirators -You could shelter in place with duct tape and plastic sheeting. -Plant a tree near to your residance and office.
Scrapping cars
Recycling electroncis
RECYCLING
Breaking up ships
Demolishing buildings
PART II: EXERCISES

Exercise 1: Complete the missing heading using the words in the box.
1) STEEL scrap can be sorted easily using magnetism. If the metal is galvanized, the zinc is fully recyclable. If it is stainless steel, other metal mixed with the iron such as chromium and nickel can also be recovered and recyclable. 2) GLASS sorting is critical, as there are key differences between the clear and colored materials used in bottles and jars and the high grade material used in engineering applications, wich contains traces of metal. 3) COPPER scarcity makes recycling especially desirable, and justifies the cost of removing insulation from electric wires, wich are a major source of scrap. 4) ALUMINUM the cost of melting down existing metal is significantly cheaper than the energy-intensive process of electrolysis; wich is required to extract new metal from ore. 5) TIMBER hardwood and softwood can be reused.however, the frequent need to remove ironmongery and saw or plane of damaged edges, can make the process costly. 6) RUBBER tyres are the primary source of the recyclable material. These can be reused whole in certain applications. They can also be ground into crumbs which have varied uses. 7) PLASTIC an obstacle to recycling is the need to sort waste carefully. While some types can be melted down for reuse, many cannot, or result in low grade material. SOME VOCABULARY TO UNDERSTAND THE EXERCISE:
Exercise 2: Definitions of some materials.
Stainless steel:
A type of steel not needing a protective coating, as it doesnt rust. Zinc:
A metal used to make brass and in galvanized coating on steel. Iron:
The predominate metal in steel Bronze:
An alloy made from copper and tin Lead:
A dense, poisonous metal Hardwood:
Timber from deciduous trees Ore:
Rocks from which metals can be extracted Softwood:
Timber from pine trees
PRONUNCIATION OF SOME MATERIALS:
OF
EXERCISE 3:THE USE OF
FROM WITH
1) Bronze contains significant amount OF copper. 2) Galvanized steel is steel coated WITH zinc. 3) Steel is an alloy derived FROM iron. 4) Pure metals can usually be recovered FROM alloys. 5) Stainless steel contains quantities OF chromium and nickel. 6) Glass tableware contains traces OF metals, such as leads. 7) When new metal is extracted FROM ore, the costs can be high.
PART III: LISTENING.

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PART I: INTRODUCTION

What is Materials Technology?

Examples of some materials:

Benefits and problems of Recycling:

PART II: EXERCISES

Exercise 2: Definitions of some materials.

A type of steel not needing a protective coating, as it doesnt rust. Zinc:

A metal used to make brass and in galvanized coating on steel. Iron:

The predominate metal in steel Bronze:

An alloy made from copper and tin Lead:

A dense, poisonous metal Hardwood:

Timber from deciduous trees Ore:

Rocks from which metals can be extracted Softwood:

Timber from pine trees

PRONUNCIATION OF SOME MATERIALS:

EXERCISE 3:THE USE OF

PART III: LISTENING.

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