Lower Swansea Valley
Lower Swansea Valley
Lower Swansea Valley
GG GI
STER
ED
ION E
R
IFA
OR G
AT AN AT
IS
RAO No.15
Contents Page
Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 3
Acknowledgements..................................................................................................................... 3
Copyright notice ......................................................................................................................... 3
1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Planning history................................................................................................................ 4
1.2 Specification and methodology for study......................................................................... 4
1.3 Assessment criteria........................................................................................................... 4
2. Background..................................................................................................................... 7
2.1 Location and Topography ................................................................................................ 7
2.2 Geology ............................................................................................................................ 7
2.3 Walkover survey .............................................................................................................. 7
2.4 General historical and archaeological background ........................................................ 10
2.4.1 Prehistoric (up to AD43) and Roman (AD43 to 410) ................................................. 10
2.4.2 Early Medieval (410 to 1066) ..................................................................................... 10
2.4.3 Medieval (1066 to 1485) ............................................................................................. 10
2.4.4 Post-medieval, Industrial, and modern (1485 to present) ........................................... 11
2.5 Specific Historical and Archaeological background...................................................... 11
2.5.1 The Swansea Vale Railway......................................................................................... 12
3. Archaeological Interests .............................................................................................. 13
4. Assessment .................................................................................................................... 18
4.1 Effect on known sites (Table 3) ..................................................................................... 18
4.2 Effect on new sites ......................................................................................................... 23
5. Mitigation...................................................................................................................... 24
Bibliography ............................................................................................................................. 25
Sources cited in text ................................................................................................................... 25
Cartographic sources .................................................................................................................. 26
Plates
Plate 1: Swansea Vale Railway Engine Shed ......................................................................... 27
Plate 2: Signal box serving Swansea Vale Railway ............................................................... 27
Plate 3: LSV003 Soil mound sleeper revetted view to west .................................................. 28
Plate 4: LSV005 Drainage System view to east ..................................................................... 28
Plate 5: Bon-y-maen Standing Stone 00396w, 305616, GM177 ........................................... 29
Plate 6: LSV017 Building foundations view to northeast..................................................... 29
Front cover: Six Pit Station (ID LSV025) as rebuilt by the Swansea Vale Railway Society, looking northwest ©GGAT.
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
Figures
Figure 1: Location plan.............................................................................................................. 8
Figure 2: Location of the development area (red), study area (green) and archaeological
interests (yellow)............................................................................................................. 9
Figure 3: 1st edition OS map showing devlopment area (red) and study area green........ 30
Figure 4: 2nd edition OS map showing development area (red) and study area (green).. 31
Figure 5: 3rd edition OS map showing development area (red) and study area (green) .. 32
Figure 6: 4th edition OS map showing development area (red) and studt area (green) ... 33
Figure 7: Tithe map showing development area (red) and study area (green) .................. 34
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
Summary
GGAT Projects have undertaken an assessment of the archaeological effects of a proposed
regeneration of an area of conifer plantation in the Lower Swansea Valley. The assessment
reviewed information held by the regional Historic Environment Record (HER) and the
National Monuments Record (NMR), as well as cartographic and documentary sources. Aerial
photographs were examined and a site visit conducted.
A total of 103 features of archaeological interest were identified within the study area, these
included 57 previously unrecorded sites. A single Scheduled Ancient Monument (ID
00396w/5616/GM177) and three Listed Buildings (IDs 404766/LB22092, 9056/LB22091,
LB81962) were present at the time of study. There were no Registered Parks and Gardens or
designated landscapes present.
The potential development impact on the 34 known sites outside the development area has been
assessed as ‘none’ and for those twelve sites within the development area as ‘minor’. Of the
new sites identified, the effect on the 30 located outside the area of development has been
assessed as ‘none’. Of the remaining 27 newly identified sites, the effects of the proposed
development have been assessed as ‘minor’.
It has been recommended that an archaeological watching-brief with contingencies be
conducted on any intrusive groundworks, specifically the creation of pond and wetland areas
and vegetation clearance. However, it has been stated that this should be dependent on final
information detailing the intrusive/damaging or otherwise nature of any such works as at
present the management plans provided were only at a draft stage.
It has also been recommended that a qualified archaeologist evaluate the revised route of any
footpath/access works, the location of interpretation signage, art and sculpture installations
and new seating areas prior to the implementation of intrusive groundworks, to confirm the
avoidance of identified archaeological interests.
Acknowledgements
Richard Lewis BA MIFA managed this project; the report was researched and prepared by
Claudine Gerrard BSc and Andy Sherman BA of GGAT Projects. The authors are grateful to
Rowena Hart BSc MA and Ellie Graham BA of GGAT Projects for their assistance during this
project. In addition, Vivian Davies (CRAPW), Sue Hughes (GGAT Curatorial), the staff of
CADW, the RCAHMW, and the Glamorgan Record Office assisted with the research of this
project and provided additional information.
Copyright notice
The copyright of this report is held by the Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd, which
has granted an exclusive licence to the City and County of Swansea to use and reproduce
material it contains. Ordnance Survey maps are reproduced under licence (AL10005976),
unless otherwise stated. Annotations are GGAT copyright.
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
1. Introduction
1.1 Planning history
The City and County of Swansea have prepared a Cyd Coed management brief for the Lower
Swansea Valley site as part of the Swansea Community Woodland Initiative. The Glamorgan-
Gwent Archaeological Trust, Projects Division (GGAT Projects) was commissioned by the City
and County of Swansea to undertake an archaeological desk-based assessment in order to
determine the effect of the development on the archaeological resource.
Information recorded on the regional Historic Environment Record (HER) and National
Monuments Record (NMR) was assessed. Cartographic and documentary sources were studied,
along with relevant published information. Current Listed Building data and information on
Scheduled Ancient Monuments and registered landscapes was obtained from Cadw.
Collections of aerial photographs held by the Central Register of Air Photography for Wales
were examined and additional information requested from the Royal Commission on the
Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW). A site visit was made on the 23rd
May 2008.
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
The condition of individual sites and the general overall condition of surviving remains has
bearing on the value of the sites themselves and on the value that they impart within a wider
landscape context. The condition of sites is recorded following the system used by the GGAT
HER, using the following criteria:
• Intact: the site is intact
• Near intact: the site is nearly intact
• Damaged: the site has been moderately damaged
• Near destroyed: the site has nearly been destroyed
• Destroyed: the site has been destroyed
• Restored: the site has been restored
• Moved: the site has been moved (usually finds)
• Not known: the condition of the site is not known
For the purposes of desk-based assessments, rarity is assessed at regional level only. The
following criteria are used:
• High: very few sites of this type are known
• Medium: the site is not unusual, but cannot be considered common
• Low: the site is quite common
Group association is where a connection between sites within the landscape can be
demonstrated. These will usually be of the same period, but may include groups where the
presence of an earlier site or sites has led to the formation of a later complex, or where an
earlier site or sites can be shown to have acquired importance as part of a later complex. The
criteria are as follows:
• High: the site forms part of an interconnected complex occupying a clearly definable
landscape where little or no fragmentation has occurred
• Medium: the site is part of an interconnected complex, which is either limited in scope or
badly fragmented
• Low: there are few or no other sites which are associated
Historical association is where there is a link between the site and known historical or cultural
persons or events. Prehistoric sites, which are by definition before historical evidence, cannot
have any contemporary historical association, but they may acquire later associations. For the
Roman and Early Medieval periods, where survival of historical evidence is poor and patchy,
any contemporary documentation at all will be important. Two classifications are given for
historical association, one reflecting the certainty of the identification, and the other its
importance. Only sites with certain or possible association can be assessed for importance, and
historical association can only increase the importance of a site; the absence of it will never
decrease its importance.
Historical association- identification
• Certain
• Possible
• Unknown
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
2. Background
2.2 Geology
The underlying geology of the Lower Swansea Valley area is drift from Triassic mudstones
including Keuper marl and Dolomitic conglomerates the overlying superficial geology is largely
of alluvium and till material (SSEW 1983). However, the area was largely used for heavy
industry during the 18th and 19th centuries, with large areas of the site being covered with a
series of tips for slag and other waste material. It is likely therefore that much of the
underlying, natural geology will have been obscured.
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Lower Swansea Valley: desk-based archaeological assessment
GRID
Figure 1. 1:25000 map (2005) showing development area (red outline) and study area (green outline)
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
It is asserted that mining at Kilvey is recorded as early as 1217, whilst the Swansea Charter of
1306 gives town burgesses the right to extract ‘Pit Coal’. Whether commercial exploitation of
coal deposits took place at that period is unclear. By the 16th century, however, coal was mined
commercially in Llansamlet parish (the east side of the valley which includes Kilvey) and a 17th
century manorial survey certainly implies it (Toft 1990, 2).
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
The Llansamlet Spelter Works are still depicted on the second edition (1899) Ordnance Survey
map, whilst the Landore Siemens Works has now been divided into the Swansea Hematite
Works and Mannesmann Tube Works, which was opened in 1871 as a secondary works to the
earlier haematite plant located on the opposite side of the Tawe (Hughes 2000). In the north of
the study area the Swansea Smelting Works are also depicted by this time. Conversely both the
Pwll-Mawr Colliery and John Smith/Llansamlet Canal are marked as disused, as are a number
of smaller quarries seen on earlier mapping such as Pentre’r-gaseg quarry.
The third edition (1917-1919) Ordnance Survey map shows the area as relatively unchanged
from its appearance on the second edition (1899) map, with the Swansea Smelting Works and
the Villiers Spelter Works no longer being labelled, although the outline of buildings associated
with these works is shown as depicted on the earlier mapping.
The study area was largely turned over to conifer plantation during the 1960s and 1970s as part
of the Lower Swansea Valley Project to regenerate areas of heavy industry within the wider
area; prior to this point the development areas had been used for tipping, small-scale quarries
and collieries.
2.5.1 The Swansea Vale Railway
The most prominent, surviving, archaeological feature within the development area is the
Swansea Valley Railway (ID 1699.0w), a short section of which is preserved today as a heritage
railway.
The Swansea Valley Railway had its origins in a series of tramways built along the eastern side
of the Lower Swansea Valley from the 18th century onwards. One of these tramways, built in
1819 from Llansamlet to Swansea Harbour, may have been the scene of an early steam
locomotion experiment in its first year, when there is some evidence that one of George
Stephenson’s engines was used (Geake 1990, 2). Twenty years later it was decided to replace
these disparate tramways with a single mineral railway (which would not have required an Act
of Parliament) up the eastern side of the valley. Work began in 1845 and, after problems in the
early years an Act of Parliament was obtained in 1855. In the same year the railway reached
Pontardawe and carried up to 1000 tons of coal a day. In 1860 the first passengers were carried
and in 1861 the railway was extended to Ystalyfera (ibid). In 1876 the line was bought by the
Midland Railway Company at which time its track covered at least 26 route miles, serving both
passengers and freight (Barrie 1980). Passenger services were withdrawn in 1950 and with
demands for freight transport diminishing it was fully closed in 1964 and the track lifted.
In 1985 a short section, approximately 2 miles long, between Six Pit Station (ID LSV025),
(labelled as Swansea Vale Junction on the first edition (1878) Ordnance Survey map) and Cwm
Crossing was opened by the Swansea Vale Railway Society as a heritage railway.
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
3. Archaeological Interests
There are 103 sites of archaeological interest identified within the study area (Tables 1 & 2,
Figure 2). One Scheduled Ancient Monument and three Listed Buildings were present at the
time of study, there were no Registered Parks and Gardens or designated landscapes present at
the time of the study. A total of 57 previously unrecorded sites were identified by the current
study. Further information relating to these interests can be found in the gazetteer in Appendix
IV.
Numbers with a letter suffix are Primary Record Numbers (PRNs) in the regional Historic
Environment Record (HER). Five and six figure numbers without a letter suffix are National
Primary Record Numbers (NPRNs) of the National Monuments Record, as supplied to the HER
under the ENDEX agreement. Numbers with a ‘LB’ prefix are Listed Buildings and numbers
with a ‘GM’ prefix are Scheduled Ancient Monuments, as provided by Cadw. Sites represented
by LSV followed by a three-digit number correspond to new or potential sites identified by the
current study.
00396w/305616/
SS6785295250 Bon-y-maen Standing Stone Bronze Age SAM A
GM177
LB81962 SS6778195741 Walls, railings and gates at Salem Chapel Post-medieval LBII B
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
4. Assessment
The effect of the development on the archaeological resource according to the criteria given in
section 1.3 is summarised in Tables 3 and 4, below:
00396w/305616/
SS6785295250 Bon-y-maen Standing Stone Bronze Age A None
GM177
LB81962 SS6778195741 Walls, railings and gates at Salem Chapel Post-medieval B None
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
5. Mitigation
Map regression, along with analysis of documentary sources and aerial photographs, in
combination with an intensive site visit, has highlighted a total of 57 previously unidentified
archaeological interests, a total of 27 of which are located within the development area. Further
the survey identified a total of 46 known archaeological sites, twelve of which are located
within the development area.
It is recommended that an archaeological watching-brief, with contingencies, should be
conducted on any intrusive groundwork, specifically that of wetland and pond creation, and also
on vegetation control works, though this should be dependant on final information detailing the
intrusive/damaging or otherwise nature of any such works, as at present the management plans
provided were only at a draft stage.
It is recommended that a qualified archaeologist evaluate the revised route of any
footpath/access works, the location of interpretation signage, art and sculpture installations and
new seating areas prior to the implementation of intrusive groundworks, to confirm that any
impact upon identified archaeological interests is being avoided.
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
Bibliography
Sources cited in text
Barrie, D S M, 1980, A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain: Volume 12 South
Wales, Nairn
Calendar of Close Rolls, 1429-35, The Dower of Katherine, Duchess of Norfolk, 204-5, 208,
213-14
City and County of Swansea, 2007, Swansea Community Woodland Initiative, Cyd Coed
Management Brief for The Lower Swansea Valley
Evans, E M, 1983, Swansea Castle and the medieval town, Swansea City Council and
Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd, Swansea
Geake, H, 1990, A4067 Swansea Valley Route, Stage Three, Pontardawe to Ynysmeudwy, An
archaeological assessment, GGAT Report, Swansea
Gerrard, C, 2007, The Strand, Swansea: desk-based assessment, GGAT Report No. 2007/005,
Swansea
Howell, J K, 2000, 215-221 High Street, Swansea: archaeology assessment, GGAT Report
No. 2000/022, Swansea
RCAHMW, 1976, The Royal Commission on Ancient and Historical Monuments in Wales. An
Inventory of the Ancient Monuments in Glamorgan Vol I: Pre-Norman. Part II: The
Iron Age and Roman Occupation, Cardiff
RCAHMW, 2000, The Royal Commission on Ancient and Historical Monuments in Wales. An
inventory of the Ancient Monuments in Glamorgan Vol. III: Medieval secular
monuments. Part Ib: The later castles, Cardiff
Tawe Heritage Waterfront, 2007, A Short History of the Hafod Copperworks 1810-1924, City
and County of Swansea, Swansea
Williams, G, 1990, ‘Before the Industrial Revolution’, in Williams, G. (ed.), 1990, Swansea: an
Illustrated History, 1-28, Swansea
Yates, A, 2001, Alberto Culver/Beaufort Training Centre, Valley Way, Swansea Enterprise
Park, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment, GGAT Report No. 2001/100,
Swansea
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
Cartographic sources
Tithe map of 1844 for Llansamlet
SSEW, 1983, 1:250,000 Soil Map of England and Wales and Legend, Harpenden
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
Ordnance Survey
Sortie Scale Date Frames
OS 62 014 1:24000 14/04/1962 80-81
OS 67 091 1:7500 10/05/1967 92-96/52-55
OS 77 010 1:7600 16/04/1977 1-2
OS 78 085 1:23000? 11/06/1978 106-107
OS 92 113A 1:5700 17/05/1992 47-50
The above were examined and two new sites identified from a series of sorties. Site LSV052
was identified from sorties 106 G UK 1275, 106 G UK 1419, 106 G UK 1625, Meridian 54/68
and Meridian 75/70. Site LSV053 was identified from sorties OS 67 091, Meridian 54/68 and
Meridian 75/70.
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
00396w/305616/GM177 Bon-y-maen Standing Stone
NGR PERIOD
SS6785295250 Bronze Age
SUMMARY
A sub-rectangular block of sandstone apart from a batter on the lower half of the eastern side, with the widest faces
to the north and south, with the eastern and western sides tapering in towards the top. The stone leans to the south
and the west. The northern and southern faces of the stone appear to have been pecked, but this may be purely the
surface of the bedding planes of the rock. The stone measures 1.20m width at the base and 0.85m in width at the
top and has a height of 1.40m and thickness of 0.45m. The stone is situated on fairly high ground but is below the
crest of a slight hillock and currently sits in a grass plot at the side of the road outside the Bon-y-maen public
house.
ID NAME
00839w/33719 Pwll Mawr Engine House
NGR PERIOD
SS67739629 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Ruinous engine house above former coal mine. Shaft was sunk c1772 and worked until 1828 when an explosion
led to its closure. Re-opened in 1881 and the present pumping house dates from this period. The pumping house
was finally closed c1893.
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
01073.0w Smith Canal
NGR PERIOD
Linear Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Built by the coalowner John Smith between 1783 and 1785 to replace the wagonway of Chaucey Townsend (PRN
02221.0w) as the principal means of transporting coal raised in his Llansamlet colliery to the river. It consisted of
a single pound, 3miles long that remained in use until the 1850s (Newman 1995, 398).
ID NAME
01160w/34117 Rose Copperworks
NGR PERIOD
SS66879667 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
A late 18th century copperworks (Yates 2001).
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
01190w Cefn Hengoed Mill
NGR PERIOD
SS683954 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Mill seen in historic mapping from at least the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map and known as Cefn
Hengoed Mill.
ID NAME
01229.0w The Great Western Railway, South Wales Line
NGR PERIOD
Linear Post-medieval
SUMMARY
A section of the Great Western Railway, South Wales Line running from Chepstow through Swansea to Fishguard
and Pembroke Dock; built by Brunel and opened between 1850 and 1852.
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
01699.0w The Swansea Valley Railway
NGR PERIOD
Linear Post-medieval
SUMMARY
A mineral railway constructed in 1845 along the eastern side of the Lower Swansea Valley to replace a series of
earlier tramways, which transported coal from a number of pits down to wharfage on the River Tawe. Work began
in 1845 and an Act of Parliament was obtained in 1855. In the same year the railway reached Pontardawe and
carried up to 1000 tons of coal a day. In 1860 the first passengers were carried and in 1861 the railway was
extended to Ystalyfera (Geake 1990, 2). In 1876 the line was bought by the Midland Railway Company at which
time its track covered at least 26 route miles, serving both passengers and freight (Barrie 1980). Passenger services
ceased in 1950 and with demands for freight transport diminishing it was fully closed in 1964 and the track lifted.
ID NAME
01807w White Pit
NGR PERIOD
SS68239662 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Colliery visible in historic mapping from at least the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map and known as
White Pit.
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
01896w Cwm Winchwen
NGR PERIOD
SS681961 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Colliery seen in historic mapping from at least the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map and known as Cwm
Winchwen.
ID NAME
01898w Double Pit
NGR PERIOD
SS677963 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Colliery seen in historic mapping from at least the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map and known as Double
Pit.
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
01908w/301194 Pwll Bach Pit
NGR PERIOD
SS678956 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
A coal mine sunk on the site of a borehole made by Chauncey Townsend c1770 to reach the Swansea Six Foot
Seam. The shaft was 450feet (137m) deep and worked until 1828 when a disastrous explosion led to its closure.
The mine was re-opened in 1881 and the present pumping house dates from this period. The mine was finally
closed c1893.
ID NAME
01910w Seven Pit
NGR PERIOD
SS678953 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Colliery seen in historic mapping from at least the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map and known as Seven
Pit.
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
01919w Middle Bank Pit
NGR PERIOD
SS672954 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Colliery seen in historic mapping from at least the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map and known as Middle
Bank Pit, it is likely to have supplied coal for the Middle Bank Copper Works.
ID NAME
01920w Mill Pit
NGR PERIOD
SS670954 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Colliery seen in historic mapping from at least the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map and known as Mill
Pit.
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
01921w Upper Bank Pit
NGR PERIOD
SS672956 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Colliery seen in historic mapping from at least the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map and known as Upper
Bank Pit, it is likely to have supplied coal to the Upper Bank Works.
ID NAME
02214w Upper Bank Mill
NGR PERIOD
SS673954 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Water mill serving the Upper Bank Mill, which is marked on the first edition (1881) through to the third edition
(1917-1919) Ordnance Survey maps.
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
02262.0w Tir Isaf Tramway
NGR PERIOD
SS6698595452 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
A tramway marked on the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map. The tramway is shown as running between
the Swansea Valley Line (ID 1699.0w) and two coalmines, Fowlers Pit (PRN 01924w) and Tir Isaf Pit (NPRN
401516, labelled as Llanerch Slant on the second edition (1899) Ordnance Survey map. A branch line is shown as
running to a series of coke ovens (ID LSV037) (Toft 1990, 8). The regional HER states that this tramway served
the Middle Bank Pit (ID 1919w) but there appears to be no cartographic evidence to support this. By the time of
the third edition (1917-1919) Ordnance Survey map the entire line is marked as disused. A short section of the
route survives to the present day as the route of a footpath.
ID NAME
02643w Mill Pit
NGR PERIOD
SS66959530 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Mine associated with a mill pit, probably part of a much larger system of works in the area during the late 18th and
early 19th centuries.
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
02644w Mill Pit
NGR PERIOD
SS67119535 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Mine associated with a mill pit, probably part of a much larger system of works in the area during the late 18th and
early 19th centuries.
ID NAME
02645w Mine
NGR PERIOD
SS67259553 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Mine associated with a mill pit, probably part of a much larger system of works in the area during the late 18th and
early 19th centuries.
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
02646w Mine
NGR PERIOD
SS67409552 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Mine associated with a mill pit, probably part of a much larger system of works in the area during the late 18th and
early 19th centuries.
ID NAME
02647w Colliery
NGR PERIOD
SS67539575 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Small colliery likely to be associated with and supplying coal to wider industry in the area during the late 18th and
early 19th century.
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
02648w Tir Bach
NGR PERIOD
SS67679607 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Settlement seen from at least the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map, located on the eastern edge of the
study area, known as Tir Bach.
ID NAME
02649w Tir Owen Rosser
NGR PERIOD
SS68119636 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Building marked on historic mapping from at least the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map, located on the
eastern edge of the study area, known as Tir Owen Rosser.
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
02650w Tir John Bowen David
NGR PERIOD
SS68049649 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Building marked on historic mapping from at least the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map, located on the
eastern edge of the study area, known as Tir John Bowen David.
ID NAME
02651w White Pit
NGR PERIOD
SS68309652 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Mine associated with a mill pit, probably part of a much larger system of works in the area during the late 18th and
early 19th centuries.
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ID NAME
13577 Full Gospel Church
NGR PERIOD
SS68179632 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Post-medieval gospel chapel.
ID NAME
13578 Carmel Road Chapel
NGR PERIOD
SS68099631 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Post-medieval chapel on Carmel Road and Winsh Road in Bon-y-maen known as Carmel Road Chapel.
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ID NAME
13587 Mansel Road Chapel
NGR PERIOD
SS67979557 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Post-medieval chapel on Mansel Road in Bon-y-maen known as Mansel Road Chapel.
ID NAME
13588 Mount Zion Church
NGR PERIOD
SS67879545 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Post-medieval chapel.
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Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
13589 Jersey Road Chapel
NGR PERIOD
SS6747795270 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Post-medieval chapel.
ID NAME
301166 Landore Siemens Steelworks and Mannesmann Tube Works
NGR PERIOD
SS66799607 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
This works was opened as an experimental plant in the converted buildings of the Landore Silver and Spelter
Works (NPRN 301167) in 1867-1869. By 1870 it was producing steel rails and in 1871 a second works was
opened to the east of the River Tawe, with two blast furnaces and extensive mills. By 1873 it was one of the four
largest steelworks in the world, but the factory was closed in 1888. The Mannesmann Tube Company converted
large area of mills into a series of production lines for seamless steel tubes. The blast furnaces and steel making
plant on the site were taken over by the Swansea Hematite Company in 1899. The site operated as a foundry until
1980 although tube production ceased in 1961.
51
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
301179 Landore Copperworks Stamping and Rolling Mill
NGR PERIOD
SS66979588 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Stamping and rolling mill in use from 1793 to c1807, which was supplied with water by a leat tapping the Nant
Rhyd-y-Filais. Surviving as concrete and brick foundations to walls and foundation pillars, that measures 12m by
21m in ground plan.
ID NAME
33233 Cefn Road Windmill
NGR PERIOD
SS68259541 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Tower mill built c1632 this was in use as a corn mill until it was demolished in 1966, though below ground
remains may survive.
52
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
33669 Landore Siemens Steelworks Engine House
NGR PERIOD
SS66829603 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
The Landore Siemans Steelworks Engine House, marked on the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map. The
works were opened in 1869 and were later taken over by the Swansea Hematite Works and Mannesmann Tube
Works.
ID NAME
34073 Birmingham Copperworks
NGR PERIOD
SS66929680 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Constructed in the 1780’s and designed by William Jernegan, also known as the Ynys Copperworks. The site was
converted to the Morriston Spelter Works in 1841. Now demolished (Yates 2001, 7). See ID 40513.
53
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
401515 Talfan Road Housing Estate
NGR PERIOD
SS677952 Modern
SUMMARY
Modern housing estate.
ID NAME
404766/LB22092 Old Salem Chapel
NGR PERIOD
SS6778195741 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Calvinistic Methodist chapel built between 1782 and 1783, the chapel was originally improved in 1823 and
galleried in 1831; it was improved again in 1889. The chapel was converted to a schoolroom when a big adjoining
chapel was built between 1903-5 and a first floor was inserted in the chapel some time during the 20th century. It is
said that between 1822 and 1823 the old chapel was demolished and rebuilt, with a chapel house and stable to the
right, and that alterations were made c1867 by John Humphrey that included raising the roof, reseating and the
addition of front lobby. The long narrow lights are typical of Humphrey. It is likely therefore that the present
appearance is largely of c1867.
54
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
40513 Morriston Spelter Works
NGR PERIOD
SS669968 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Spelter works that was formerly the Birmingham Copperworks. See also ID 34073.
ID NAME
85247 Grenfell Town Infant School
NGR PERIOD
SS6710795119 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Post-medieval school named after Pascoe Grenfell (1761-1838) who established the copperworking firm of Pascoe
Grenfell and Sons in 1820. The company owned both the Middle (ID 01919w) and the Upper Bank (PRN
02642w) copperworks, along with a line of ships that ran between Swansea and their Flintshire works on the River
Dee.
55
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
85253 Double Pit Leat
NGR PERIOD
SS67779564 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Leat visible in historic mapping from at least the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map and known as Double
Pit Leat. It is likely to have been associated with the Double Pit Colliery (PRN 01898w).
ID NAME
8980 Libanus English Independent Chapel
NGR PERIOD
SS6697095114 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
English Independent Chapel built in 1872 with a schoolroom added in 1913.
56
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
9043 Bethlehem Welsh Calvinistic Methodist Chapel
NGR PERIOD
SS6720895195 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Welsh Calvinistic Methodist Chapel built in 1876 to the design of Mr Clark of Briton Ferry. The chapel was later
rebuilt/modified in 1877 and again in 1904. The chapel was built in the later vernacular style, and is of gable entry
type.
ID NAME
9056/LB22091 Salem Welsh Calvinistic Methodist Chapel
NGR PERIOD
SS67769572 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
The first chapel was built between 1782 and 1783, and underwent several phases of reconstruction and alterations,
including being rebuilt in 1840 to the designs of John Humphreys of Treforest. Further rebuilding/modification
occurred again in 1880 and then again in 1905 to the designs of W W Williams & W. David of Swansea. The
chapel house was built 1898 in a Romanesque style of gable entry type.
57
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
9154 Adulam Baptist Chapel
NGR PERIOD
SS68189532 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
The Adulam Baptist Chapel was built in 1851 and later rebuilt/modified in 1878.
ID NAME
LB81962 Walls, railings and gates at Salem Chapel
NGR PERIOD
SS6778195741 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Entrance gates, walls and railings of Salem, Calvinistic Methodist chapel, built between 1903 and 1905, by W W
Williams of Swansea, who died during the construction, with the work being completed by W David of Swansea.
The two gate piers are constructed in rock-faced, rubble-stone and capped with plinths and ashlar pyramidal Gothic
caps. The piers contain ornate double iron gates with a scrollwork decoration. To each side of these piers are
coursed sandstone retaining walls with ashlar chamfered coping, which carry low railings in similar pattern to the
gates.
TYPE CONDITION STATUS
Wall Near Intact LBII
58
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
LSV001 Boundary bank
NGR PERIOD
SS6696695587 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Earthen boundary bank to the northwest of Swansea Vale Railway (ID 01699.0w) in woods, standing to
approximately 1m high with a width of 2m at its base. The bank is aligned on a north-south axis.
ID NAME
LSV002 Revetted cut and wooden platform
NGR PERIOD
SS6726695817 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Wooden platform with associated stone revetted cut on east side of Swansea Vale Railway (ID 01699.0w).
59
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
LSV003 Soil mound with sleeper revetment
NGR PERIOD
SS6696695575 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Soil mound approximately 1.80m high by 3m in length and with a width of 1.40m, revetted in its entire
circumference by railway sleepers, now rotting. The mound is now overgrown by trees and plants.
ID NAME
LSV004 Sandstone masonry block structure
NGR PERIOD
SS6696195584 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Large sandstone, masonry block structure, triangular in shape, which measured 1.50m by 0.50m and 0.45m in
width and depth. The sandstone blocks were bonded with a black coloured lime mortar. A scatter of loose
sandstone blocks and frogged bricks surrounded this structure.
60
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
LSV005 Drainage system
NGR PERIOD
SS6749395980 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Free drainage system that begins approximately 20-30m east of the Swansea Vale Railway line (ID 01699.0w), at
the head of a natural spring, which has been cut to form a small pond/reservoir approximately 2m by 3m in size.
This pond/reservoir feeds into a culvert lined with squared and faced stone, which is 0.50m wide and varies in
depth from at least 0.25m plus. Several shallower, cut feeder channels run into this culvert. The entire system
flows downhill towards the railway line and feeds into a ditch that runs parallel to the line.
ID NAME
LSV006 Revetted bank and ditch
NGR PERIOD
SS6758396136 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Revetted bank on the east side of a 1.50m wide ditch (mentioned previously associated with the Drainage System
ID LSV005) to the east of the Swansea Vale Railway (ID 1699.0w). The bank is cut into the natural hill slope,
presumably to form a flat plateau for the cutting of the ditch, and is revetted with large irregular sub angular slag
blocks that are up to 0.40m in diameter and 0.20m in depth. A modern crossing, measuring 1m in width, fords the
ditch at NGR SS6758396136, consisting of compacted slag blocks and apparently associated with a number of
orienteering points, which run through the area.
61
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
LSV007 Overflow chute
NGR PERIOD
SS6792096597 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Drainage/overflow channel for water flowing under the main Swansea to London railway line, consisting of two
square tunnels that run from the southeastern side of the railway line to the northwestern side. The tunnels open on
to a drainage chute, approximately 4m wide, that runs into the revetted bank and ditch (ID LSV006) to the east of
the Swansea Vale Railway (ID 1699.0w). The chute is constructed from two strips of dark red/black coloured
bricks that are bonded with a white mortar on either side of central shaped/rounded sandstone blocks; there are also
flanking walls of Old Red sandstone. The chute runs down the natural hill slope then turns almost ninety degrees
at its base before draining into the revetted bank and ditch.
ID NAME
LSV008 Leat
NGR PERIOD
SS6794596670 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Leat running under the disused Swansea Vale Railway (ID 1699.0w) from the revetted bank and ditch (ID
LSV006) to NGR SS6794596670 where it joins some sort of drainage system, the exact nature of which was not
discernable due to vegetation cover. A series of other drainage associated features exist here but are not clearly
discernable to the west of the Swansea Vale Railway (ID 1699.0w).
62
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
LSV009 Half hexagonal abutment
NGR PERIOD
SS6798896713 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Half hexagonal abutment, to the east and above the Swansea Vale Railway (ID 1699.0w); the three faces of the
abutment face on to the railway line. The abutment appears to be constructed of mortared, Old Red sandstone and
measures 10m in width by 1.50m in height. There is a concrete crossing point over the revetted bank and ditch (ID
LSV006) at this point. This structure possibly forms part of a larger industrial/mechanical feature associated with
the Swansea Vale Railway (ID 1699.0w) or earlier works in the area.
ID NAME
LSV010 Railway platform
NGR PERIOD
SS6819596879 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Concrete platform, built on Old Red sandstone rusticated blocks and surrounded by walling on three sides that is
also constructed from rusticated Old Red sandstone. A set of steps lead up to the platform from an access point on
the northwestern side.
63
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
LSV011 Abutment at end of railway
NGR PERIOD
SS6830096987 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Old Red sandstone, mortar bonded wall/abutment at end of the Swansea Vale Railway (ID 1699.0w), above the
modern road.
ID NAME
LSV012 Stone wall above Pluck Lake
NGR PERIOD
SS6692595805 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Small section of sandstone wall, bonded with a grey cement mortar and a second single-coursed section of walling
above it on the hillside above Pluck Lake. The first section of wall is at least 5m in length and running on an east-
west alignment.
64
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
LSV013 Steps above Pluck Lake
NGR PERIOD
SS6692495805 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Group of six steps above Pluck Lake, constructed of sandstone slabs that have largely been covered by soil creep.
Each step is approximately 3 courses high by 2m wide, with a depth of 1m.
ID NAME
LSV014 Ridge and vurrow
NGR PERIOD
Area Modern
SUMMARY
Shallow ridge and vurrow throughout conifer plantation associated with plantation development.
65
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
LSV015 Revetted bank along the Swansea to London railway line
NGR PERIOD
Linear Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Stone and slag revetted bank running along the length of the main Swansea to London railway line, which varies in
height between 1.50m and 1.80m.
ID NAME
LSV016 Extractive pit/collapsed mine head
NGR PERIOD
SS6703595998 Modern
SUMMARY
Extractive pit or possible collapsed mine head that measures 3m in length by 1.60m in width, with a depth of 1m.
66
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
LSV017 Building foundations
NGR PERIOD
SS6701696054 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Building foundations that measures 12m by 21m, consisting of a central concrete structure with internal foundation
pillars bounded by an external low brick wall 'skin'.
67
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
LSV018 Brickworks
NGR PERIOD
SS67700396494 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Brickworks noted on the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map, labelled as producing fire bricks. See also IDs
LSV017 and LSV018
ID NAME
LSV019 Clay mill
NGR PERIOD
SS67199696503 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Clay mill noted on the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map. See also IDs LSV016 and LSV018.
68
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
LSV020 Brick field
NGR PERIOD
SS6741496427 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Brick field noted on the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map. The field is labelled as flooding at spring tide.
See also IDs LSV016 and LSV017.
ID NAME
LSV021 Old shaft
NGR PERIOD
SS6768696683 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Old shaft noted on the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map.
69
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
LSV022 Old engine house
NGR PERIOD
SS6772396675 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Old engine house labelled on the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map.
ID NAME
LSV023 Footbridge
NGR PERIOD
SS6775296650 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Footbridge over Smith's Canal noted on the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map.
70
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
LSV024 Villier’s Spelter Works
NGR PERIOD
SS6802296776 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Spelter works marked on the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map.
ID NAME
LSV025 Six Pit Railway Station
NGR PERIOD
SS6798596718 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Railway station connecting the Swansea Valley Railway (ID 1699.0w) and the Great Western Railway South
Wales line (ID 1299.0w). The station is marked on the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map.
71
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
LSV026 Colliers’ Arms Public House
NGR PERIOD
SS6827396739 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Public house noted on the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map.
ID NAME
LSV027 Llansamlet Spelter Works furnaces
NGR PERIOD
SS6745596191 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Furnaces at the Llansamlet Spelter Works marked on the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map.
72
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
LSV028 Swansea Vale Railway Station
NGR PERIOD
SS6749296128 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Railway station on the Great Western Railway South Wales line (ID 1299.0w) marked on the first edition (1881)
Ordnance Survey map.
ID NAME
LSV029 Rose Copperworks’ dock
NGR PERIOD
SS6694896638 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Dock on the River Tawe at the Rose Copperworks marked on the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map. On
the second edition (1899) Ordnance Survey map the dock is marked as 'old'.
73
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
LSV030 Signal box
NGR PERIOD
SS6680795287 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Signal box associated with the Upper Bank Station (ID LSV031).
ID NAME
LSV031 Upper Bank Railway Station
NGR PERIOD
SS6675395236 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Railway station on the Swansea Vale Railway (ID 01699.0w) marked on the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey
map.
74
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
LSV032 Shaft
NGR PERIOD
SS6764996327 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Shaft marked on the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map.
ID NAME
LSV033 Quarry
NGR PERIOD
SS6774396061 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Quarry noted on the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map.
75
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
LSV034 Arsenic works
NGR PERIOD
SS674396041 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Arsenic works marked on the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map and marked as disused on the second
edition (1899) Ordnance Survey map.
ID NAME
LSV035 Water tank
NGR PERIOD
SS6693395676 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Water tank marked on the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map.
76
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
LSV036 Old coal pit
NGR PERIOD
SS6740695683 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Old coal pit, marked as disused on the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map.
ID NAME
LSV037 Quarry
NGR PERIOD
SS6782395708 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Quarry marked on the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map.
77
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
LSV038 Quarry
NGR PERIOD
SS6805195380 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Quarry marked on the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map.
ID NAME
LSV039 Old gravel pit
NGR PERIOD
SS6714995448 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Old gravel pit marked on the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map.
78
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
LSV040 Coke ovens
NGR PERIOD
SS6706495516 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Series of coke ovens marked on the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map.
ID NAME
LSV041 Jersey Arms Public House
NGR PERIOD
SS6747695175 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Public house noted on the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map.
79
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
LSV042 Capsam shaft
NGR PERIOD
SS6836495142 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Capsam shaft marked on the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map.
ID NAME
LSV043 Air shaft
NGR PERIOD
SS3835195131 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Air shaft marked on the second edition (1899) Ordnance Survey map.
80
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
LSV044 Malt house
NGR PERIOD
SS6704695131 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Malt house, possibly associated with the Jersey Arms (ID LSV038), noted on the second edition (1899) Ordnance
Survey map.
ID NAME
LSV045 Weir
NGR PERIOD
SS6687065112 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Weir marked on the second edition (1899) Ordnance Survey map.
81
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
LSV046 Weir
NGR PERIOD
SS6692295168 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Weir marked on the second edition (1899) Ordnance Survey map.
ID NAME
LSV047 Tramway drum
NGR PERIOD
SS6747295251 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Drum associated with the Tramway ID 02262.0w and marked on the second edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map.
82
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
LSV048 Bon-y-Maen Public House
NGR PERIOD
SS6779995270 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Public house with associated malt house marked on the second edition (1899) Ordnance Survey map.
ID NAME
LSV049 Brickworks
NGR PERIOD
SS6819195209 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Brickworks marked on the second edition (1899) Ordnance Survey map.
83
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
LSV050 Engine sheds
NGR PERIOD
SS6695395498 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Engine sheds of the Swansea Vale Railway (ID 01699.0w) associated with the Upper Bank Station (ID LSV029).
ID NAME
LSV051 Chimney
NGR PERIOD
SS6745096074 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Chimney marked on the third edition (1917-1919) Ordnance Survey map.
84
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
LSV052 Weir
NGR PERIOD
SS6709095372 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Weir marked on the third edition (1917-1919) Ordnance Survey map.
ID NAME
LSV053 Tramway
NGR PERIOD
SS6835495125 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Tramway leading from an extraction pit to the Upper Bank Brick and Tile Works (located just outside the current
study area at NGR 6833195044). The tramway, brick and tile works and extraction pit are all located on the third
edition (1917-1919) Ordnance Survey map.
85
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
LSV054 Field system
NGR PERIOD
SS6741895757 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
Series of three rectangular fields marked on the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map and visible on a
selection of aerial photographs taken in 1946 (Sortie Numbers 106G UK 1275, 106G UK 1419 and 106G UK
1625).
ID NAME
LSV055 Gwern-llestr
NGR PERIOD
SS6724495508 Post-medieval
SUMMARY
A series of small buildings marked on the first edition (1881) Ordnance Survey map and visible on a selection of
aerial photographs taken in 1946, 1968 and 1970 (Sortie Numbers 106G UK 1275, 106G UK 1419, 106G UK
1625, Meridian 54/68 and Meridian 75/70).
86
Lower Swansea Valley, Swansea: archaeological desk-based assessment
ID NAME
LSV056 Aerial photography feature
NGR PERIOD
SS6728395642 Modern?
SUMMARY
An unidentified rectangular feature noted in aerial photographs taken in 1946, 1968 and 1970 (Sortie Numbers
106G UK 1275, 106G UK 1419, 106G UK 1625, Meridian 54/68 and Meridian 75/70).
ID NAME
LSV057 Aerial photography feature
NGR PERIOD
SS6798496532 Modern?
SUMMARY
An unidentified rectangular feature noted in aerial photographs taken in 1967, 1968 and 1970 (Sortie Numbers OS
67 091, Meridian 54/68 and Meridian 75/70).
87