Domalde
Domalde
Domalde
Domalde
In Norse mythology, Domalde, Dmaldi or Dmaldr (Old Norse possibly "Power to Judge"[1]) was a Swedish king of the House of Ynglings, cursed by his stepmother, according to Snorri Sturluson, with sgssa, "ill-luck". He was the son of Visbur.
Attestations
The luck of the king is the luck of the land,[2] and Domalde's rule was marked by bad crops and starvation. The first autumn, the Swedes sacrificed oxen at the temple at Uppsala, but the next harvest was not better. The second autumn, they sacrificed men, but the following crops were even worse. The third year many Swedes arrived at Gamla Uppsala at the Thing of all Swedes and the chiefs decided they had to sacrifice the king. They sprinkled the statues of the gods with his blood (see Blt) and the good harvests returned.
He was succeeded by his son Domar whose reign was prosperous. Snorri Sturluson wrote of Domalde in his Ynglinga saga (1225):
Dmaldi tk arf eptir fur sinn Vsbur, ok r lndum. hans dgum gerist Svj sultr mikill ok seyra. efldu Svar blt str at Uppslum; hit fyrsta haust bltuu eir yxnum, ok batnai ekki rfer at heldr. En annat haust hfu eir mannblt, en rfer var sm ea verri. En hit rija haust kmu Svar fjlment til Uppsala, er blt skyldu vera. ttu hfingjar rager sna; ok kom at samt me eim, at hallrit mundi standa af Dmalda konungi eirra, ok at me, at eir skyldu honum blta til rs sr, ok veita honum atgngu ok drepa hann, ok rja stalla me bli [3] hans. Ok sv geru eir. Domald took the heritage after his father Visbur, and ruled over the land. As in his time there was great famine and distress, the Swedes made great offerings of sacrifice at Upsal. The first autumn they sacrificed oxen, but the succeeding season was not improved thereby. The following autumn they sacrificed men, but the succeeding year was rather worse. The third autumn, when the offer of sacrifices should begin, a great multitude of Swedes came to Upsal; and now the chiefs held consultations with each other, and all agreed that the times of scarcity were on account of their king Domald, and they resolved to offer him for good seasons, and to assault and kill him, and sprinkle the stalle of the gods [4][5] with his blood. And they did so.
Snorri included a piece from Ynglingatal (9th century) in his account in the Heimskringla:
Domalde
Hitt var fyrr at fold ruu sverberendr snum drtni, ok landherr af lfs vnum dreyrug vpn Dmalda bar, er rgjrn Jta dolgi Sva kind of sa skyldi. [6]
It has happened oft ere now, That foeman's weapon has laid low The crowned head, where battle plain, Was miry red with the blood-rain. But Domald dies by bloody arms, Raised not by foes in war's alarms Raised by his Swedish liegemen's hand, [7] To bring good seasons to the land.
The Historia Norwegi presents a Latin summary of Ynglingatal, older than Snorri's quotation:
Cujus [Wisbur] filium Domald Sweones suspendentes pro fertilitate [8] frugum de Cereri hostiam obtulerunt. Iste genuit Domar [...] His [Visbur] son Domalde was hanged by the Swedes as a sacrificial offering [9] to Ceres to ensure the fruitfulness of the crops. Domalde begot Domar, [...]
The even earlier source slendingabk cites the line of descent in Ynglingatal and also gives Dmaldr as the successor of Visburr and the predecessor of Dmarr: vii Visburr. viii Dmaldr. ix Dmarr.[10]
Notes
[1] McKinnell (2005:70). [2] "The Danish sources, for example, tell of many kings who bore the title Frothi (wise/fruitful)" remarked John Grigsby in the context of just such 'Royal Obligations', ch. 11, Beowulf and Grendel 2005: 124, noting (note 3) Frothi's appearance in Saxo Grammaticus. [3] Ynglinga saga at Norrne Tekster og Kvad (http:/ / www. heimskringla. no/ original/ heimskringla/ ynglingasaga. php) [4] Laing's translation at the Internet Sacred Text Archive (http:/ / www. sacred-texts. com/ neu/ heim/ 02ynglga. htm) [5] Laing's translation at Northvegr (http:/ / www. northvegr. org/ lore/ heim/ 001_03. php) [6] A second online presentation of Ynglingatal (http:/ / www. home. no/ norron-mytologi/ sgndok/ kvad/ yngli. htm) [7] Laing's translation at Northvegr (http:/ / www. northvegr. org/ lore/ heim/ 001_05. php) [8] Storm, Gustav (editor) (1880). Monumenta historica Norwegi: Latinske kildeskrifter til Norges historie i middelalderen, Monumenta Historica Norwegiae (Kristiania: Brgger), p. 98 [9] Ekrem, Inger (editor), Lars Boje Mortensen (editor) and Peter Fisher (translator) (2003). Historia Norwegie. Museum Tusculanum Press. ISBN 87-7289-813-5, p. 75. [10] Guni Jnsson's edition of slendingabk (http:/ / www. heimskringla. no/ original/ islendingesagaene/ islendingabok. php)
References
McKinnell, John (2005). Meeting the Other in Norse Myth and Legend. DS Brewer. ISBN 1-84384-042-1
Sources
Ynglingatal Ynglinga saga (part of the Heimskringla) Historia Norwegiae
Domalde House of Yngling Precededby Mythological king of Sweden Succeededby Visbur Domar
License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 //creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/