Chapter 1 The Renaissance and Humanism
Chapter 1 The Renaissance and Humanism
Chapter 1 The Renaissance and Humanism
By: B. Callahan
THE RENAISSANCE
The Plague brought upon a population decline which eventually brought upon economic recovery (less people to feed). Italian cities such as Florence and Venice were the first to recover thanks to trade with the East and other regions. These were the conditions where the Renaissance (a Rebirth) took
THE RENAISSANCE
HUMANISM
The Renaissance was characterized mainly by Humanism. A new philosophy
that spread across Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries. Humanism had an impact on the central aspects of life, including science & art. In the Middle Ages, the Church and religions played a large role in European life. The intellectuals of the time were mainly interested in God & the Christian faith. The Renaissance scholars wanted to deepen their understanding of humanity
HUMANISM
HUMANIST KNOWLEDGE
The Humanists of the Renaissance sought to better understand people and the world in which they lived. Humanists were therefore interested in everything!! Some of them wanted to acquire knowledge in as many fields as possible, including languages, art, literature, science, and technology, religion, etc Humanists were critical thinkers who engaged in criticism, they verified the sources of the documents they consulted and they compared the information they gathered on a subject.
HUMANIST EDUCATION
Education was very important to humanists. It had to allow for all available knowledge to be taught in a
HUMANIST SCIENCE
The scholars of the 16th century, who rediscovered the theories of the ancient Greeks and Romans, wanted to further explore those ideas and to know more. Above all, they refused to confine themselves to the Churchs interpretation of science. They tried to understand natural phenomena without religious explanations. They developed research methods based on observation and experimentation. The newly invented printing press allowed the scientists to publish their results.
HUMANIST KNOWLEDGE
WELL-ROUNDED SCIENTISTS
One thing that distinguished the Renaissance humanists was their versatility. Leonardo da Vinci is the best example. He was both an engineer & an artist; he used scientific knowledge to paint. In addition to painting and sculpture. Leonardos interests included mathematics, biology, geometry and architecture. Among other contributions, he proposed a method of observation and analysis. In addition, he performed numerous dissections to better understand and draw the human body.
WELL-ROUNDED SCIENTISTS
RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE
During the 16th century, architects left behind the Gothic architecture and lofty buildings of the middle ages. They were more inspired by Greco-Roman architecture. They borrowed the column, the Greek pediment and the Roman dome from the monuments of the antiquity (before the Middle Ages)
RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE
RENAISSANCE PAINTINGS
Renaissance paintings emerged as a classical art based on the harmony of colours and symmetry. Religious themes were still a source of inspiration, secular (non-religious) themes were equally important New techniques like oil paintings or painting on canvas and using perspective and sculptures made it possible for Renaissance painters to develop their own unique styles.
RENAISSANCE PAINTINGS
RENAISSANCE LITERATURE
The invention of printing techniques by Gutenberg in the 15th century along with increase of the use of Vernacular (every day language which was replacing Latin) favored the spread of Humanist ideas Some famous Renaissance authors:
Franois Rabelais a French monk knowledgeable in fields of science
Miguel de Cervantes a soldier and government worker who made fun of medieval code writing the book Don Quixote William Shakespeare An English actor, poet and dramatist who we study still today!
RENAISSANCE LITERATURE
JOHN CALVIN
John Calvin was a French jurist (a person knowledgeable in legal matters), who spread Lutheran ideas. According to these ideas, no matter what people do during their earthly lifetime, they will be saved only if God decided this from the beginning. Nevertheless, this holds that it is in the best interest that the faithful lead a virtuous life based on honesty and good morals.
JOHN CALVIN
THE INQUISITION
To respond to the dissenting religious movements increasingly talking hold in Europe, and to supervise the conduct of Christians, the Catholic Church reinstated the Inquisition. This religious tribunal ordered arrests and trials and sometimes went so far as to use torture and imprisonment to combat heretics.
THE INQUISITION
In the Council, the Church decided to uphold the ideas of practices contested
by the Protestants, including indulgences, the seven sacraments and good works to earn salvation. The Council also adopted new rules for the clergy, they were no longer allowed
to accumulate wealth, and they had to reside in their dioceses, remain celebrate, use
Latin in religious ceremonies and respect the supreme authority of the Pope.