Tutorial Matlab Application

Application Note
MATLAB Application
MG3700A
Vector Signal Generator
Application Note Application Anritsu
January 2008 (3.00)

MG3700A-E-F-11
Slide 1
Contents
Introduction 3 Modulation Basics 5 Understanding Signal Pattern File 10 Programming Examples to Create I/Q Data File 18
Analog Modulation Pulse Modulation PSK, QAM Simulink 19 26 35 46
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer I/Q Data File without IQproducer 68
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Slide 2
Introduction
Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools, such as MATLAB and Microwave Office, can save IQ simulation data to CSV text files.
Easy comparison between simulation and measured data
The IQproducer application software (MG3700A standard accessory) can import user I/Q sample data from CSV files into MG3700A, making it useful for various applications.
R&D into next-generation wireless systems, RFID, PWM, analog modulation such as AM, FM, and PM
User-specific Software
Processing (Simulating) signals using C program or EDA tools such as MATLAB Creating CSV files of baseband signals Converting to signal pattern files for MG3700A FTP
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Slide 3
Introduction
MG3700A supports Arbitrary Waveform Generator (AWG) features
Sample rate (Fs)
20 k to 160 MHz
Waveform memory
2 128 Msample/channel (1 GB) 2 256 Msample/channel (2 GB) * with Option Memory upgrade
Dual baseband memory
DAC resolution
14 bits
Marker output
3 definable TTL
This document presents
MATLAB usage examples.
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Slide 4
Modulation Basics
Modulation imposes source data on a passband signal with carrier frequency c by using amplitude and/or phase perturbations.
Modulating signal m(t) Data
Baseband circuits Signal processor
Baseband signal g(t)
RF circuits Carrier circuits
Passband signal s(t) Modulated signal
Amplitude
-fm
fm
fc-fm
fc
fc+fm
Baseband bandwidth
Passband bandwidth
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Slide 5
Modulation Transmitter
AM-PM technique
m(t) Baseband circuits R(t) Baseband signal processor RF circuits v(t)=R(t) cos[ct+(t)]
(t)
cos(ct)
cos[ ct+(t)]
R(t ) = x 2 (t ) + y 2 (t )
Quadrature (IQ) technique

m(t)
Equivalent Baseband circuits x(t) I Baseband signal processor c cos(ct) -/2 shift y(t) Q sin(ct) + RF circuits
x(t)=R(t) cos(t) y(t)=R(t) sin(t)
v(t)=x(t) cos( ct) - y(t) sin( ct)
c=2c
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Slide 6
Baseband Waveform
AM-PM IQ modulation
Modulation scheme
R(t)
(t)
x(t)
y(t)
Remark
AM
Ac[1+m(t)]
Ac[1+m(t)]
m(t)= sin(2mt) : Modulation depth m: Modulation freq.
PM
Ac
Dpm(t)
Accos[Dpm(t)]
Acsin[Dpm(t)]
Dp: Phase deviation [rad/V]
FM
Ac
D f m( )d
Ac cos D f m( )d
t
Ac sin D f m( )d
t
D: Frequency deviation [rad/Vs]
QM
Ac m1 (t ) + m2 (t )
tan 1
m2 (t ) m1 (t )
Acm1(t)
Acm2(t)
m1(t) = 1 m2(t) = 1
QM: Quadrature Modulation
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Slide 7
Baseband Signal
Any type of modulated signal may be generated using either the AMPM technique or quadrature technique. Any modulation scheme can be achieved by selecting the appropriate software algorithm. In a Vector Signal Generator (VSG), the passband signal s(t) is often partitioned into two channels, one for x(t) called the I (in-phase) channel and one for y(t) called the Q (quadrature-phase) channel. In digital computer simulations of passband signals, the sampling rate used in the simulation can be minimized by working with the baseband signal, instead of with the passband signal s(t), because the baseband signal is equivalent of the passband signal.
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Slide 8
Fundamental I/Q Constellation

CW
Q Ac
AM
Magnitude R(t)
Ac I Ac I
FM
Ac
PSK
Ac
Phase shift /2 [rad]
Angular velocity [rad/s]

Ac I -Ac Ac I
-Ac
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Slide 9
Understanding Signal Pattern File

Signal pattern files consist of three data:
IQ data Marker data File header
User-created I/Q data and Marker data
Text file to binary file Large <<< File size >>> Small I/Q data scaled to DAC input values. File header
FTP connection .wvd Binary file .wvi Text file Download Extract
FTP
HDD
CF
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Slide 10
I/Q Data
The data file (.wvd) contains the I and Q data points (signed 14-bit integers for each I and Q data point). Each I/Q point equals one baseband waveform point. The MG3700A uses a 14-bit DAC to process each of the 2-byte integer values for the I and Q data points. The 14-bit DAC has a range of 0 to 16383, but MG3700A divides this range between positive and negative values.
I data Q data DAC DAC LPF LPF I Q
I/Q data range

8191 : 0 : -8192
DAC range
----------------- 16383 ----------------- 8191 ----------------0
I/Q output voltage

----------------- Vmax ----------------- 0 V ----------------- Vmin Negative (-) full scale Positive (+) full scale
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Slide 11
I/Q Data Range

The MG3700A performance is guaranteed within I/Q DAC RMS value 1157 to 1634.
Tunable DAC RMS value considered crest factor (peak power/RMS power) Tunable I + Q RMS power on MG3700A display
2 2
Q +8191
78.27 dB 20 log10 81912

+1634 +1157
I 2 + Q2
67.28 dB 20 log10 16342 + 1634 2 64.28 dB 20 log10 1157 2 + 1157 2

I +8191
-8191
+1157 +1634 3 dB 11 dB
Margin for crest factor
-8191
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Slide 12
Marker Data
The marker data uses 4 bits per I/Q data point to set the state of the four markers either On (1) or Off (0) for each I/Q data point. The marker data consists of three event markers and an RF gate flag. When an event marker is active (On), it outputs a trigger signal at the rear-panel marker connector corresponding to active marker number 1 to 3. An RF gate flag is used for pulse modulation and drives the internal pulse modulator.
When I/Q data is imported without marker data, event markers are set automatically to inactive (Off), and the RF gate flag is set to active (On).
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Slide 13
Internal Pulse Modulator

I Baseband Generator Q I/Q Modulator Delay Adjustment Pulse Modulator RF Gate RF
1 0 RF Gate flag
Burst power Specification -40 dBc Power at I/Q = 0 If the RF gate flag is not used, carrier leakage occurs. Specification -60 dBc (On/Off ratio > 60 dB) If the RF gate flag is used, the RF output is off. Power at RF gate flag Off
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Slide 14
Timing
Because markers are set at each I/Q data point, the marker data contains the same number of samples as I/Q data points.
I/Q1 Gate1(1) RF I Baseband Generator Q I/Q Modulator Pulse Modulator RF Gate Delay Adjustment Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3 RF I/Q2 Gate2(0) I/Q3 Gate3(1) I/Q4 Gate4(1)
The time difference between the event markers output connector and RF connector is adjusted to be within 1 sample.
Slide 15
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File Header
The data file (.wvd) and file header (.wvi) have the same file name. The MG3700A stores the files in same package folder. The file header contains settings for the ARB modulation format, such as sample rate, number of samples, I/Q DAC RMS value, etc.
When the MG3700A finds unspecified header settings, it either uses the default settings, or the settings from previous signal pattern if a signal pattern was played previously.
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Slide 16
Data File Size

The data file (.wvd) is loaded into baseband memory, meaning that the occupied memory size equals the data file size. A baseband waveform consists of samples. One sample contains 4 bytes.
I/Q Data + Marker Data = 1 Waveform Sample
14 bits I 14 bits Q 4 bits 4 bytes (32 bits)
Channel I , Q (, Marker 1, Marker 2, Marker 3, RF gate flag)
Sampling rate (sample per second) Fs: Sampling frequency expressed in Hz Sampling interval Ts=1/Fs: Time between samples in uniform sampling
Maximum of 256,000,000 sample 512,000,000 sample * with Option MG3700A-E-F-11
Slide 17
Programming Examples to Create I/Q Data File

There are various programming environments to create ARB I/Q data.
Generally there are two types: Simulation software (EDA tool)
MATLAB, Microwave Office, etc.
Advanced programming languages

C/C++, VB, LabView, etc.
The example uses MATLAB, and shows the programmable M-files.

M-file: MATLAB program for command script
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Slide 18
Analog Modulation
Analog modulation schemes are most basic techniques and it is simple to create I/Q data.
Basic analog modulation schemes: Amplitude Modulation (AM) Frequency Modulation (FM) Phase Modulation (PM)
AM
Modulation depth [%] = Vp / Ac
FM
Q Ac
PM
Q Ac
Phase shift /2 [rad]
Vp
Vp I Ac
Angular velocity [rad/s]

Ac I Ac I
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Slide 19
Modulating signal m(t)
AM
Modulation depth 80 [%]
1.5 1 Amplitude [V] 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 Amplitude [V] -1.5 t

Carrier
Envelop R(t)
s(t) 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5
Modulated signal
c(t)
1.5 1 Amplitude [V] 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 t
-2 t
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Slide 20
10
AM Programming Example
I = x(t) = Ac[1+m(t)] = 1+ sin(2mt) Q = y(t) = 0
Ac: Carrier signal amplitude = 1 : Modulation depth = Modulating signal peak/Carrier signal peak (amplitude)
clear all, close all, clc fm = 1; % Modulating frequency [kHz] Depth = 0.8; % Modulating depth CSVfile = 'AM1kHzDepth80%.csv' DataPoints = 1000; Fs = fm*DataPoints % Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0:DataPoints-1; I = 1+Depth*sin(2*pi*fm*t/DataPoints); Q = zeros(1,DataPoints); data = [I' Q']; csvwrite(CSVfile,data);
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Slide 21
FM
60 Frequency deviation [kHz] 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 t
Df
Peak frequency deviation 50 [kHz]
1.5 1 Amplitude [V] 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5

Carrier
t s(t) 1.5 1 Amplitude [V] 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5

Modulated signal
c(t)
1.5 1 Amplitude [V] 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 t
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Slide 22
11
FM Programming Example
I = x(t) = Q = y(t) =
t Ac cos D f m( )d t Ac sin D f m( )d
Ac: Carrier signal amplitude = 1 : Modulation index = /m : Peak frequency deviation

clear all, close all, clc
= cos[ sin(2mt)] = sin[ sin(2mt)]
fm = 1; % Modulating frequency [kHz] Deviation = 50; % Peak frequency deviation [kHz] CSVfile = 'FM1kHzDeviation50kHz.csv' DataPoints = 1000; Fs = fm*DataPoints % Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0:DataPoints-1; I = cos(Deviation/fm*sin(2*pi*fm*t/DataPoints)); Q = sin(Deviation/fm*sin(2*pi*fm*t/DataPoints)); data = [I' Q']; csvwrite(CSVfile,data);
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Slide 23
PM
2 1.5 Phase deviation [ rad] 1 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2
t
Carrier
Dp
Peak phase deviation 5 [rad] 1.6 [rad]
1.5 1 Amplitude [V] 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5
c(t)
s(t)
t
Modulated signal
1.5 1 Amplitude [V] 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 t
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Slide 24
12
PM Programming Example
I = x(t) = Ac cos[Dp m(t)] Q = y(t) = Ac sin[Dp m(t)] = cos[Dp sin(2mt)] = sin[Dp sin(2mt)]
Ac: Carrier signal amplitude = 1 Dp: Peak phase deviation

fm = 1; % Modulating frequency [kHz] Deviation = 5; % Peak phase deviation [kHz] CSVfile = 'PM1kHzDeviation5rad.csv' DataPoints = 1000; Fs = fm*DataPoints % Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0:DataPoints-1; I = cos(Deviation*sin(2*pi*fm*t/DataPoints)); Q = sin(Deviation*sin(2*pi*fm*t/DataPoints)); data = [I' Q']; csvwrite(CSVfile,data);
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Slide 25
Pulse Modulation
Pulse modulation is used for radar and satellite signals using a combination with either FM or PM, and time-multiplexed burst signals.
PRF/PRR: Pulse repetition frequency, rate [pps], [pulse/s] Pulse period [s]: 1/PRF Pulse width, duration [s]: Including rise time Duty ratio, cycle [%]: Pulse width/Pulse period Pulses per burst [pulses/burst] Burst length [s] Burst period [s] Pulse period Rise time [s]
Pulse width Rise time
Pulses per burst, Burst length
Burst period
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Slide 26
13
Pulse Modulation
CW
Programming Example
I = x(t) = Ac = 1 Q = y(t) = Ac = 1
Ac: Carrier signal amplitude = 1 PRF: 700 [pps] Pulse width: 1 [s] Pulses/burst: 18 Burst period: 10 [s]
clear all, close all, clc PRF = 700; % [pps] PulseWidth = 1E-6; % [s] PulsesPerBurst = 18; % [pulses/burst] BurstPeriod = 10; % [s] CSVfile = 'Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10s.csv' zerofile = 'Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10sZero.csv' Fs = LCM(PRF,1/PulseWidth) % Number of samples W = PulseWidth*Fs; PulseGap = (1/PRF-PulseWidth)*Fs; (Continued on the next page) % Sampling rate [Hz], LCM: Least Common Multiple
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Slide 27
Pulse Modulation
Programming Example
(Continued from previous page) I = [ ones(1,W+2) zeros(1,PulseGap-2) ]; Q = [ ones(1,W+2) zeros(1,PulseGap-2) ]; RFgateFlag = [ zeros(1,1) ones(1,W) zeros(1,PulseGap) ]; Burst = [ zeros(1,1) ones(1,W) ]; for n = 2:PulsesPerBurst I = [ I ones(1,W+2) zeros(1,PulseGap-2) ]; Q = [ Q ones(1,W+2) zeros(1,PulseGap-2) ]; Burst = [ Burst ones(1,PulseGap+W) ]; if n == PulsesPerBurst RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1,W) zeros(1,PulseGap-1) ]; else RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1,W) zeros(1,PulseGap) ]; end end Marker1 = [ Burst zeros(1,PulseGap-1) ]; % Burst Marker2 = RFgateFlag; % Pulse Marker3 = RFgateFlag; % Pulse data = [I' Q' Marker1' Marker2' Marker3' RFgateFlag']; csvwrite(CSVfile,data); BurstGapPulseLength = PRF*BurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurst; zero = zeros(1,Fs/PRF); % samples/pulse zerodata = [zero' zero' zero' zero' zero' zero']; csvwrite(zerofile,zerodata); zerofileMultiple = PRF*BurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurst % Pulse length in Burst gap
RF gate flag
I/Q (DC)
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Slide 28
14
Pulse Modulation
Programming Example
Sequence feature technique
Repeat
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Slide 29
Pulse Modulation
Programming Example
Create a sequence file
Element 1
Element 2
Repeat
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Slide 30
15
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example

FM
I = x(t) = Q = y(t) =

t Ac cos D f m( )d t Ac sin D f m( )d
Ac: Carrier signal amplitude = 1 PRF: 2000 [pps] Pulse width: 20 [s] Pulses/burst: 20
clear all, close all, clc PW = 20; % Pulse Width [us] PRF = 2000; % [pps] Fpeak = 2.5; % Peak Frequency Deviation [MHz] CSVfile = 'RTS6W20us2000pps.csv' zerofile ='RTS6W20us2000ppsZero.csv' Fs = Fpeak * 40 DataPoints = PW * Fs; % Sampling rate [MHz]
(Continued on the next page)
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Slide 31

(Continued from previous page) t = 0:DataPoints; dPhi = 2*pi*(-Fpeak + 2* Fpeak * t/DataPoints)/Fs; +Fpeak Phi = cumsum(dPhi,2); % Comulative Sum I = cos(Phi); Q = sin(Phi); I = [zeros(1,1) I zeros(1,2)]; Q = [zeros(1,1) Q zeros(1,2)]; BurstFlag = ones(1,DataPoints+4); RFgateFlag = [ones(1,DataPoints+3) zeros(1,1)]; data=[I' Q' BurstFlag' RFgateFlag' RFgateFlag' RFgateFlag']; Flag, Marker2&3: RF On/Off Flag csvwrite(CSVfile,data); zero = zeros(1,DataPoints+4); zerodata = [zero' zero' zero' zero' zero' zero']; csvwrite(zerofile,zerodata); PulsePeriod = Fs * 1E6 / PRF; % Pulse period samples FrameLength = DataPoints + 4 GapLength = PulsePeriod - DataPoints - 4 % Marker1: Burst On/Off % Frequency deviation from -Fpeak to
RF gate flag I/Q
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Slide 32
16
Command Window

Sequence feature technique
Repeat
Repeat
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Slide 33

Create a sequence file
Repeat
Repeat
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Slide 34
17
PSK, QAM
Digital modulation schemes change the amplitude, frequency and phase of the carrier at regular time intervals, and sends a digital baseband signal.
Analog modulation schemes change the carrier amplitude, frequency and phase continuously. Basic digital modulation schemes: Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
The amplitude of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequence.
1 0 1
Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)

The frequency of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequence.
Phase Shift Keying (PSK) Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK)

The phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequence.
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)

The amplitude and phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequence.
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Slide 35
PSK, QAM
This chapter shows common examples for QPSK, /4DQPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM.
Q Ac 00
QPSK
10
/4DQPSK
Q Ac 00 01 11 10 Ac I
-Ac
Ac
-Ac
8PSK
11 -Ac Q 01 011 Ac 010 001 -Ac 1000
16QAM
Q 1010 3Ac 1011 Ac -3Ac 1101 -Ac Ac 0111 3Ac 0101 I 0010 0000
1001 100 -Ac Ac 000 I
0011
0001
-Ac 1111 -3Ac
101
-Ac 110
111 1100
1110
0110
0100
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Slide 36
18
QPSK
Complex envelop g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
MATLAB requires: Signal Processing Toolbox Communications Toolbox
Ac: Carrier signal amplitude = 1
Fd = 1; % Symbol rate [sps] Fs = 10*Fd;% Oversampling rate Pd = 256; % Symbol points repetition = 2; % Repetition factor of data R = 0.5; % Rolloff factor for FIR filter delay = 3; % Filter's group delay CSVfile='QPSK.csv' M = 4; % Point signal constellations SymbolData = randint(Pd,1,M); % Random data [Communications Toolbox] % Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuity DuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolData,repetition,1); % Replicate the symbol data [Fixed-Point Toolbox] g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolData,M,pi/4); % Complex envelop g(t), Initial phase pi/4 rad [Communications Toolbox] (Continued on the next page)
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Slide 37
QPSK
(Continued from previous page) filtering = rcosflt(g,Fd,Fs,'fir/normal',R,delay); % Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox] OversampledData = filtering(Fs*delay*2+1:Fs*delay*2+Fs*Pd); % Correct filter delay data = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)]; % I/Q data csvwrite(CSVfile,data); scatterplot(OversampledData,1,0,'b-'),hold on,plot(g,'r*'),grid % Signal constellation
figure % Complex envelop t_g = 0:Pd*repetition-1; % g(t) symbol number t_o = delay:Fd/Fs:delay+Pd-1/Fs; % Oversampled symbol number subplot(2,1,1),stem(t_g,real(g),'r*'),hold on,plot(t_o,real(OversampledData)),grid% In-phase axis([-1 Pd*repetition+1 round(min(real(g))) round(max(real(g)))]) title('I signal'),xlabel('Symbol'),ylabel('Amplitude') subplot(2,1,2),stem(t_g,imag(g),'r*'),hold on,plot(t_o,imag(OversampledData)),grid % Quadrature-phase axis([-1 Pd*repetition+1 round(min(imag(g))) round(max(imag(g)))]) title('Q signal'),xlabel('Symbol'),ylabel('Amplitude')
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Slide 38
19
Waveform Phase Continuity

The MG3700A plays back a waveform of finite in length and repeats it continuously. Phase discontinuity between the end of one waveform and the start of the next repetition can lead to periodic spectral regrowth and distortion. Repetitions with abrupt phase changes result in high frequency spectral regrowth.
For Pd = 16 symbol points/waveform
Symbol data length Duplicate symbol data
Waveform length
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Slide 39
/4DQPSK
Fd = 1; % Symbol rate [sps] Fs = 10*Fd;% Oversampling rate Pd = 256; % Symbol points repetition = 2; % Repetition factor of data R = 0.5; % Rolloff factor for FIR filter delay = 3; % Filter's group delay CSVfile='pi4DQPSK.csv' M = 4; % Point signal constellations SymbolData = randint(Pd,1,M); % Random data [Communications Toolbox] % Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuity DuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolData,repetition,1); % Replicate the symbol data [Fixed-Point Toolbox] g = dpskmod(DuplicateSymbolData,M,pi/4); % Complex envelop g(t) using phase shift pi/4 rad [Communications Toolbox] (Continued on the next page)
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Slide 40
20
/4DQPSK
figure % Complex envelop t_g = 0:Pd*repetition-1; % g(t) symbol number t_o = delay:Fd/Fs:delay+Pd-1/Fs; % Oversampled symbol number subplot(2,1,1),stem(t_g,real(g),'r*'),hold on,plot(t_o,real(OversampledData)),grid% In-phase axis([-1 Pd*repetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))]) title('I signal'),xlabel('Symbol'),ylabel('Amplitude') subplot(2,1,2),stem(t_g,imag(g),'r*'),hold on,plot(t_o,imag(OversampledData)),grid % Quadrature-phase axis([-1 Pd*repetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))]) title('Q signal'),xlabel('Symbol'),ylabel('Amplitude')
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Slide 41
8PSK
Fd = 1; % Symbol rate [sps] Fs = 10*Fd;% Oversampling rate Pd = 256; % Symbol points repetition = 2; % Repetition factor of data R = 0.5; % Rolloff factor for FIR filter delay = 3; % Filter's group delay CSVfile='8PSK.csv' M = 8; % Point signal constellations SymbolData = randint(Pd,1,M); % Random data [Communications Toolbox] % Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuity DuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolData,repetition,1); % Replicate the symbol data [Fixed-Point Toolbox] g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolData,M); % Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox] (Continued on the next page)
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21
8PSK
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Slide 43
16QAM
Fd = 1; % Symbol rate [sps] Fs = 10*Fd;% Oversampling rate Pd = 256; % Symbol points repetition = 2; % Repetition factor of data R = 0.5; % Rolloff factor for FIR filter delay = 3; % Filter's group delay CSVfile='16QAM.csv' M = 16; % Point signal constellations SymbolData = randint(Pd,1,M); % Random data [Communications Toolbox] % Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuity DuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolData,repetition,1); % Replicate the symbol data [Fixed-Point Toolbox] g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolData,M); % Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox] (Continued on the next page)
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Slide 44
22
16QAM
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Slide 45
Simulink
What is Simulink?
Simulink is a software package for modeling, simulating, and analyzing dynamic systems. It supports linear and nonlinear systems, modeled in continuous time, sampled time, or a hybrid of the two.
Tool for simulation

You can easily build models from scratch, or take an existing model and add to it. It offers instant access to all the analysis tools in MATLAB, so the results can be taken and analyzed and visualized.
Tool for model-based design

For modeling, Simulink offers a GUI for building models as block diagrams, using click-and-drag mouse operations. You can also customize and create your own blocks. Models are hierarchical, so they can be built using both top-down and bottom-up approaches. After defining a model, you can simulate it. Simulation results can be put in the MATLAB workspace for post-processing and visualization.
CSV file For more information on Simulink, visit the MathWorks website. http://www.mathworks.com/access/helpdesk/help/toolbox/simulink/
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23
Simulink Demos
Simulink demos illustrate useful modeling concepts. Access demos from the MATLAB Command Window.
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Slide 47
Simulink Blockset Demos

The Blocksets are the collections of specialized Simulink blocks designed for design and simulation in a particular field. For example, the Communications Blockset extends Simulink with a comprehensive library of blocks to design and simulate the physical layer of communication systems and components. The blockset helps design for communications systems and their semiconductor components, such as commercial or defense wireless and wire systems.
Model of physical layer of IEEE 802.11a Wireless LAN standard, including adaptive modulation, using blocks in Communications Blockset.
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Slide 48
24
Simulation Data Save Technique

Simulink Library Browser
The Math Operations library contains blocks for modeling general mathematical functions. The Sinks library contains blocks that display or write block output.
Blocks Libraries
Blocks
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Slide 49
Complex to Real-Imag
I Q
Output real and imaginary parts of complex input signal

The Complex to Real-Imag block accepts a complex-valued signal of any data type supported by Simulink, including fixed-point data types. It outputs the real and/or imaginary part of the input signal, depending on the setting of the Output parameter. The real outputs are of the same data type as the complex input. The input can be an array (vector or matrix) of complex signals, in which case the output signals are arrays of the same dimensions. The real array contains the real parts of the corresponding complex input elements. The imaginary output similarly contains the imaginary parts of the input elements.
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Complex to Real-Imag
Parameters
Output
This parameter determines the output of this block. Choose from the following values: Real and imag (outputs the input signal's real and imaginary parts), Real (outputs the input's real part), Imag (outputs the input's imaginary part).
Sample time (-1 for inherited)

This parameter specifies the time interval between samples. To inherit the sample time, set this parameter to -1. -1 If the block is not in a triggered subsystem, this setting specifies that the block inherits its sample time from the block connected to its input (inheritance) or, in some cases, from the block connected to its output (back inheritance). If the block is in a triggered subsystem, set the SampleTime parameter to this setting. Note that specifying sample-time inheritance for a source block can cause Simulink to assign an inappropriate sample time to the block if the source drives more than one block. For this reason, avoid specifying sample-time inheritance for source blocks. If it is specified, Simulink displays a warning message when updating or simulating the model.
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To Workspace
Write data to workspace
The To Workspace block writes its input to the workspace. The block writes its output to an array or structure with the name specified by the block's Variable name parameter. The Save format parameter determines the output format.
I or Q
Array
*inf: IEEE arithmetic representation for positive infinity
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To Workspace
Array
Selecting this option causes the To Workspace block to save the input as an Ndimensional array where N is one more than the number of dimensions of the input signal. For example, if the input signal is a 1-D array (i.e., a vector), the resulting workspace array is two-dimensional. If the input signal is a 2-D array (i.e., a matrix), the array is three-dimensional. The way samples are stored in the array depends on whether the input signal is a scalar or vector or a matrix. If the input is a scalar or a vector, each input sample is output as a row of the array. For example, suppose that the name of the output array is simout. Then, simout(1,:) corresponds to the first sample, simout(2,:) corresponds to the second sample, etc. If the input signal is a matrix, the third dimension of the workspace array corresponds to the values of the input signal at the specified sampling point. For example, suppose again that simout is the name of the resulting workspace array. Then, simout(:,:,1) is the value of the input signal at the first sample point; simout(:,:,2) is the value of the input signal at the second sample point; etc. Block parameters control when and how much data the To Workspace block writes: 1. The Limit data points to last parameter indicates how many sample points to save. If the simulation generates more data points than the specified maximum, the simulation saves only the most recently generated samples. To capture all the data, set this value to inf. 2. The Decimation parameter allows you to write data at every nth sample, where n is the decimation factor. The default decimation, 1, writes data at every time step. 3. The Sample time parameter allows you to specify a sampling interval at which to collect points. This parameter is useful when you are using a variable-step solver where the interval between time steps might not be the same. The default value of -1 causes the block to inherit the sample time from the driving block when determining the points to write.
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To Workspace
For variable-step solvers, the Output options found on the Data Import/Export pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box determine the original amount of data available to the To Workspace block. For example, to ensure that data is written at identical time points over multiple simulations, select the Produce specified output only option in the Configuration Parameters dialog box and enter the desired time vector. The To Workspace block begins with this specified time vector and further limits the amount of data written to the workspace based on its block parameters. During the simulation, the block writes data to an internal buffer. When the simulation is completed or paused, that data is written to the workspace. Its icon shows the name of the array to which the data is written.
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To Workspace
Parameters
Variable name
Name of array holding data
Limit data points to last

Maximum number of input samples saved (The default is inf samples.)
Decimation
Decimation factor (The default is 1.)
Sample time
Sample time at which to collect points
Save format
Format in which to save simulation output to workspace (The default is structure.)
Log fixed-point data as a fi object

Select to log fixed-point data to MATLAB workspace as Simulink Fixed-Point fi object. Otherwise, fixed-point data is logged to the workspace as double.
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Simulation Data Save Example 1

Open completed model
> > > Communications Blockset Help Examples in Documentation Digital Modulation DQPSK Signal Constellation Points and Transitions
open('/MATLAB701/help/toolbox/commblks/commblks_examples/doc_dqpsk_plot.mdl')
The model plots the output of the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block. The image shows the possible transitions from each symbol in the DQPSK signal constellation to the next symbol.
I Q
Running the model produces the plot. The plot reflects the transitions among the eight DQPSK constellation points. This plot illustrates /4DQPSK modulation, because the default Phase offset parameter in the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block is pi/4.
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Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop Start a Simulation
I or Q
Array
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Note
When the MG3700A generates this I/Q signal, a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model.
For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter block
http://www.mathworks.com/access/helpdesk/help/toolbox/commblks/ref/raisedcosinetransmit filter.html Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
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Open completed model
> > Communications Blockset Demos Channel Models and Impairments Rayleigh Fading Channel For more information about channels
http://www.mathworks.com/access/helpdesk/help/toolbox/commblks/ug/fp62122.html http://www.mathworks.com/access/helpdesk/help/toolbox/comm/ug/a1069449399.html
For more information about fading channels in general
The model illustrates the channel's effect on a QPSK modulated signal.
Running the model produces the plot. The plot reflects the channel's effect on the QPSK constellation points.
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Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
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30

Start a Simulation I or Q 8 OSR
Array
Trajectory
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Open the completed model
Communications Blockset Demos > Application-Specific Examples > IEEE 802.11a WLAN Physical Layer
IEEE 802.11a/g WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
Requirements: Communications Toolbox, Communications Blockset, Signal Processing Blockset, Signal Processing Toolbox End-to-end 802.11a physical layer All mandatory and optional data rates: 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 54 Mb/s BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM modulations Forward error correction coding (convolutional; code rates 1/2, 2/3, 3/4) OFDM transmission: 52 subcarriers, 4 pilots, 64-pt FFTs, CP (Cyclic Prefix) Data interleaving PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences) Receiver equalization Viterbi decoding Data rates selectable on-the-fly Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
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Communications Blockset Demo
TX Data Equalized power spectrum
BER (per packet)
Unequalized signal RX power spectrum
Signal Visualization
SNR
Bit rate
Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot.
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Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ (Non-Return to Zero)
16QAM in this case
PER = 1/50 (2 %) in this case
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32
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
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Start a Simulation I or Q
Array
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
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33
Workspace Data Save

To save the workspace variables as a CSV file, run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window:
data = [I Q]; csvwrite('IQdata.csv',data);
The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session.
Memory File
Workspace variables CSV text data IQdata.csv
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Programming Example to Convert and Transfer I/Q Data File without IQproducer
To download IQ data to the MG3700A, typically, it is easier to use "Convert" and "Transfer & Setting" in IQproducer, because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file. This process takes more time because a text file is larger, and it is a bother. To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file, create a specific binary data file. This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment.
1. Creating GUI with GUIDE 2. Executing [Convert] 3. Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
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Creating GUI with GUIDE

GUIDE, the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment, provides a set of tools for creating graphical user interfaces (GUIs). These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs.
GUI Layout
Using the GUIDE Layout Editor, populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI components, such as axes, panels, buttons, text fields, sliders, etc., into the layout area. You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI. The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file.
GUI Programming
GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates. This M-file provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component. Using the M-file editor, add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions.
FIG-file
For more information about GUIDE

http://www.mathworks.com/access/helpdesk/help/techdoc/creating_guis/creating_guis.html
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Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Input strings Create parameter file for converting Files Parameter text file for converting
Create data file for converting
Data binary file for converting
Workspace variable Array Editor I Q Markers
Create WVI and WVD files
File header .wvi
Data file .wvd
Delete parameter and data files
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Executing [Transfer] and [Play]

Programming Flowchart
[Transfer]: Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
Connect to MG3700A, creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
[Play]: Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCP/IP remote control
Create TCP/IP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
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Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE

GUIDE saves GUI layout to GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstool.fig. convandtranstool.m.
FIG-file
M-file function function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) % CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstool.fig % CONVANDTRANSTOOL, by itself, creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing % singleton*. % % H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to % the existing singleton*. % % CONVANDTRANSTOOL('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local % function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOL.M with the given input arguments. % % CONVANDTRANSTOOL('Property','Value',...) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the % existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are % applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called. An % unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application % stop. All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin. % % *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu. Choose "GUI allows only one % instance to run (singleton)". % % See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES % Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
M-file
Mi
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Call M-file Function

M-files can be either scripts or functions. Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements. Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments. The name of a function, as defined in the first line of the M-file, should be the same as the name of the file without the .m extension. The variables within the body of the function are all local variables. When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within another M-file, MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory. The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB.
Equal to variable data in previous section Array Editor
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)];

Workspace variable
% I/Q data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(:,1).^2 + I_Q(:,2).^2)/(2*length(I_Q))); I_Q = round(I_Q*1634/RMSvalue); % To integer Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer marker1 = [ ones(10,1) ; zeros(length(I_Q)-10,1) ]; marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q),1); marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q),1); gate = ones(length(I_Q),1); % RF gate flag marker_gate = marker3*2^10 + marker2*2^9 + marker1*2^8 + gate*2^0; data = [I_Q marker_gate]; convandtranstool
Call M-file function
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Convert Programming Example

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton2. function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
Create parameter file for converting

valname = get(handles.edit1, 'String'); package = get(handles.edit9, 'String'); patname = get(handles.edit2, 'String'); samprate = get(handles.edit10, 'String'); rmsval = get(handles.edit3, 'String'); oversamp = get(handles.edit4, 'String'); sysunit = get(handles.edit5, 'String'); framelen = get(handles.edit11, 'String'); if isempty(package) package = 'Convert_IQproducer'; End (Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
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(Continued from previous page)
Open file, or create new file, for writing fid = fopen('wave_info.dat', 'w'); fprintf(fid, '[Wave Info]n'); fprintf(fid, 'Soft Type = MX3700n'); % If using for MG3700 % fprintf(fid, 'Soft Type = MX2690n'); % If using for MS2690 fprintf(fid, ['Package = ' package 'n']); fprintf(fid, ['Pattern Name = ' patname 'n']); fprintf(fid, ['Sampling Rate = ' samprate 'Hzn']); if ~isempty(oversamp) fprintf(fid, ['Over Sampling = ' oversamp 'n']); end if ~isempty(sysunit) fprintf(fid, ['System Unit = ' sysunit 'n']); end if ~isempty(framelen) fprintf(fid, ['Frame Length = ' framelen 'n']); end if ~isempty(rmsval) fprintf(fid, ['WVI RMS Value = ' rmsval 'n']); fprintf(fid, ['WVD RMS Value = ' rmsval 'n']); end fprintf(fid, 'Marker1 = Headn'); fprintf(fid, 'Marker2 = n'); fprintf(fid, 'Marker3 = n');
(Continued on the next page)
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(Continued from previous page) % Define the following parameters in case of burst signal. fprintf(fid, '[Rf Gate]n'); fprintf(fid, 'Rf On Off Threshold = 1%%n'); fprintf(fid, 'Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesn'); fclose(fid);
Close the open file
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Create data file for converting
Open file, or create new file, for writing evalin('base', 'fid_r = fopen(''wave_raw.dat'', ''w'');'); evalin('base', ['fwrite(fid_r, ' valname ''', ''int16'');']); Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file evalin('base', 'fclose(fid_r);'); Close open file evalin('base', 'clear fid_r'); Remove items from workspace, freeing up system memory
Create WVI and WVD files

!MakeWvFile "./wave_info.dat" "./wave_raw.dat"
Execute EXE file
Delete parameter and data files

delete('wave_info.dat'); delete('wave_raw.dat');
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Create WVI and WVD files: MakeWvFile

The MakeWvFile.exe application software is provided by Anritsu. It creates the data file (.wvd) and file header (.wvi) from the specific binary data file.
Parameter text file for converting MakeWvFile Data binary file for converting Data file .wvd File header .wvi
Function reference
Syntax
MakeWvFile "ParameterFilename" "DataFilename"
Arguments
"ParameterFilename" "DataFilename"
Command Prompt
Text filename for file header (.wvi) Specific binary data filename for data file (.wvd)
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Parameter text file for MakeWvFile

[Wave Info]
Soft Type
MX3700
For MG3700A
MX2690
For MS2690A-20 (VSG option) If the parameter is blank, MX3700 is set.
Package
Folder name for pattern file
30 characters
If the parameter is blank, Convert_IQproducer is set.
Pattern Name
20 characters
Sampling Rate
Number of I/Q waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal to reciprocal of sampling interval)
20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0.001 Hz
Over Sampling
Oversampling ratio (OSR): Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
1 to 999
If the parameter is blank, 1 is set.
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System Unit
Modulation point for modulation rate i.e. chip, symbol, sample
6 characters
If the parameter is blank, None is set.
Frame Length
Frame sample length
1 to 8388607
If the parameter is blank, Input Frame Trigger cannot be used.
WVI RMS Value

I/Q DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
1 to 8191
*Note: In the case of Soft Type = MX2690, set 1157. If the parameter is blank, RMSI/Q calculated from data file is set.
WVD RMS Value

1 to 8191
RMSI/Q for adjustment of I/Q amplitude in data file

If the parameter is blank, I/Q amplitude in data file is not changed. *
RMS I / Q =
(I
n =1
2
n
+ Qn )
n: Data with RF gate flag active (On)
2N
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Marker1 Marker2 Marker3
Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
31 characters
If the parameter is blank, it isnt indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display.
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Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale I/Q data within burst signal.
In the case of no burst signal, these parameters can be skipped.
[RF Gate]
Rf On Off Threshold
Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and active/inactive (On/Off) definition of RF gate flag
0 to 100%
100% reference level: Peak I n + Qn If the parameter is blank, RF gate flag is not changed.
2 2
Min Rf Gate Length

Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flag
0 to 100000 samples
If the parameter is blank, RF gate flag is not changed.
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RF Gate Parameters
Blue line
Peak level (+12.9892 dB)
Data (.wvd) with RF Gate

RMSI/Q (0 dB) is calculated from burst I/Q data.
Red line
Rf On Off Threshold 1% (-40 dB) Min Rf Gate Length 100 samples
Data (.wvd) without RF Gate

RMSI/Q (0 dB) is calculated from all I/Q data.
RF gate flag Crest Factor 12.9892 dB
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Data binary file for MakeWvFile

Specific binary data file format
Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point, 2 bytes for the Q point, 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag.
6 bytes/point Data binary file for converting MakeWvFile 4 bytes/point Data file .wvd
I 2 bytes Point 1 2 3 : 16-bit signed integer
Q 2 bytes
3 Event markers 1 byte
RF gate flag 1 byte
16-bit signed integer
0000 0111 0000 0000
0000 0001 0000 0000
1: Active (On) 0: Inactive (Off)
1st bit: Marker 1 2nd bit: Marker 2 3rd bit: Marker 3
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Data binary file for MakeWvFile

I/Q binary data is 16-bit twos complement, representing signed integers.
I/Q data range Binary data HEX data I/Q output voltage
7FFF 0001 0000 FFFF 8000 Vmax 0V Vmin
Byte Swapping
32767 01111111 11111111 : 1 00000000 00000001 0 00000000 00000000 -1 11111111 11111111 : -32768 10000000 00000000
Example for Little Endian (byte order)

5B F6 00 00 01 01
I Q
Gate Markers
60 F6 2A 00 01 01
I Q
Gate Markers
[HEX] [Decimal]
5B F6
-2469
257
-2464
42
257
For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swapping

F6 5B 00 00 01 01
Binary Editor
F6 60 00 2A 01 01
I Q
Markers Gate
[HEX]
F6 5B
Markers Gate
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Byte Order
The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor.
Intel and AMD processors use little endian. Sun and Motorola processors use big endian. The Apple PowerPC processor, while big endian oriented, also supports the little endian order.
Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use for bytes and, if they support both, to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order.
The byte order describes how the system processor stores integer values as binary data in memory.
When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text), the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system. The order only becomes important when using binary data, as when downloading data to MG3700A.
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43
Byte Order
The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte order. In little endian order, the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the bit sequence.
Example of -2469 signed integer Little endian
5B F6 [HEX]
LSB MSB
01011011
MSB
11110110
LSB
[Binary]
Big endian
F6 5B [HEX]
11110110
01011011
[Binary]
Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest value. Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the number is even or odd.
In 2-byte data, the MSB appears in the second byte.
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Twos Complement Integers

Two's complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer. The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values.
HEX 09 A5 + F6 5B Binary 00001001 10100101 Decimal +2569
11110110 01011011 -2569 = 1 00000000 00000000 0
Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer "0".
The decimal value of a two's complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB, where the value is negative when the bit is one, and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one.
F6 5B: 11110110 01011011 = -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
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Twos Complement Integers

Calculating twos complement
When finding the two's complement of a binary number, the bits are inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value. Bit overflow is ignored.
Beginning with F6 5B (-2469):
11110110 01011011 To convert to +2469 in two's complement notation, the bits are inverted; 0 becomes 1, and 1 becomes 0: 00001001 10100100
This numeral is the one's complement of the decimal value -2469.
To obtain the two's complement, 1 is added: 00001001 10100101
Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469):

00001001 10100101 To convert to -2469 in two's complement notation, the bits are inverted; 0 becomes 1, and 1 becomes 0: 11110110 01011010 To obtain the two's complement, 1 is added: 11110110 01011011
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MakeWvFile Error
An error code is returned when an error occurs. Error code
0
successful completion
16
File writing failure
23
Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
24
Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
25
Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
64
WVD file opening failure
65
WVI file opening failure
66
Data binary file opening failure
67
Parameter text file opening failure
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45
Transfer Programming Example

Connect to MG3700A, creating FTP object

ipaddress = get(handles.edit6, 'String'); username = get(handles.edit7, 'String'); password = get(handles.edit8, 'String'); f = ftp(ipaddress, username, password);
Get input strings
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Transfer Programming Example

Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handles.edit9, 'String'); patname = get(handles.edit2, 'String'); if isempty(package) package = 'Convert_IQproducer'; end cd(f, 'hdd0/PACKAGE'); buff = dir(f, package); if length(buff) < 4 mkdir(f, package); end
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD Directory listing Make new directory
Download WVI and WVD files

cd(f, package); mput(f, ['./' patname '.wvi']); mput(f, ['./' patname '.wvd']); close(f);
Upload files Close FTP object
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46
Play
Programming Example
Create TCP/IP object

ipaddress = get(handles.edit6, 'String'); t = tcpip(ipaddress, 49153); fopen(t);
Get input strings Instrument Control Toolbox Connect TCP/IP object to MG3700A
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Play
Programming Example
package = get(handles.edit9, 'String'); patname = get(handles.edit2, 'String'); if isempty(package) package = 'Convert_IQproducer'; end fprintf(t, ['LDFILE WMA,"' package '", "' patname '"']); for n = 1:150 pause(1); fprintf(t, 'ESR2?'); flag = str2num(fscanf(t)); if bitget(flag, 5) == 1 break; end end
Monitor END Event Status Register Get input strings
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern

Pattern Combination Mode: Defined fprintf(t, 'PATCOMBMODE DEFINED'); fprintf(t, ['LOADEDFILESEL WMA,"' package '","' patname '"']); fprintf(t, '*OPC?'); Operation Complete Query fscanf(t);
fclose(t); delete(t);
Disconnect TCP/IP object
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Available Sample Programs

Sample programs are available to self-customize them easily.
Anritsu_SG_demo.m
M-file to run on MATLAB
convandtranstool.m
M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demo.m
convandtranstool.fig
GUI layout saved by GUIDE
MakeWvFile.exe
Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG format
MG37WP06.dll
DLL file called from within MakeWvFile.exe
Embedded object contains the above five files.

MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008.zzz (100 KB)
Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008.zip after saving the embedded file.
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Specifications are subject to change without notice.
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Anritsu Company
Sweden Finland
1155 East Collins Blvd., Suite 100, Richardson, TX 75081, U.S.A. Toll Free: 1-800-267-4878 Phone: +1- 972-644-1777 Fax: +1-972-671-1877
Anritsu AB
Unit No. S-3, Second Floor, Esteem Red Cross Bhavan, No. 26, Race Course Road, Bangalore 560 001, India Phone: +91-80-32944707 Fax: +91-80-22356648
Borgafjordsgatan 13, 164 40 KISTA, Sweden Phone: +46-8-534-707-00 Fax: +46-8-534-707-30
P.R. China (Hong Kong)

Anritsu Company Ltd.
Canada
Anritsu Electronics Ltd.
Anritsu AB
700 Silver Seven Road, Suite 120, Kanata, Ontario K2V 1C3, Canada Phone: +1-613-591-2003 Fax: +1-613-591-1006
Teknobulevardi 3-5, FI-01530 VANTAA, Finland Phone: +358-20-741-8100 Fax: +358-20-741-8111
Units 4 & 5, 28th Floor, Greenfield Tower, Concordia Plaza, No. 1 Science Museum Road, Tsim Sha Tsui East, Kowloon, Hong Kong Phone: +852-2301-4980 Fax: +852-2301-3545
Denmark Spain
P.R. China (Beijing)
Brazil
Anritsu A/S
Anritsu Eletrnica Ltda.
Praca Amadeu Amaral, 27 - 1 Andar 01327-010-Paraiso-So Paulo-Brazil Phone: +55-11-3283-2511 Fax: +55-11-3288-6940
Kirkebjerg All 90, DK-2605 Brndby, Denmark Phone: +45-72112200 Fax: +45-72112210
Anritsu Company Ltd. Beijing Representative Office
Mexico
Anritsu EMEA Ltd. Oficina de Representacin en Espaa

Edificio Veganova Avda de la Vega, n 1 (edf 8, pl 1, of 8) 28108 ALCOBENDAS - Madrid, Spain Phone: +34-914905761 Fax: +34-914905762
Room 1515, Beijing Fortune Building, No. 5, Dong-San-Huan Bei Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing 10004, P.R. China Phone: +86-10-6590-9230 Fax: +86-10-6590-9235
Korea
Anritsu Corporation, Ltd.
Anritsu Company, S.A. de C.V.
Av. Ejrcito Nacional No. 579 Piso 9, Col. Granada 11520 Mxico, D.F., Mxico Phone: +52-55-1101-2370 Fax: +52-55-5254-3147
8F Hyunjuk Building, 832-41, Yeoksam Dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul, 135-080, Korea Phone: +82-2-553-6603 Fax: +82-2-553-6604
U.K.
United Arab Emirates

Anritsu EMEA Ltd. Dubai Liaison Office
Australia
Anritsu Pty. Ltd.
Anritsu EMEA Ltd.
200 Capability Green, Luton, Bedfordshire, LU1 3LU, U.K. Phone: +44-1582-433200 Fax: +44-1582-731303
France
Anritsu S.A.
P O Box 500413 - Dubai Internet City Al Thuraya Building, Tower 1, Suit 701, 7th Floor Dubai, United Arab Emirates Phone: +971-4-3670352 Fax: +971-4-3688460
Unit 21/270 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, Victoria 3168, Australia Phone: +61-3-9558-8177 Fax: +61-3-9558-8255
Taiwan
16/18 avenue du Qubec-SILIC 720 91961 COURTABOEUF CEDEX, France Phone: +33-1-60-92-15-50 Fax: +33-1-64-46-10-65
Singapore
Anritsu Company Inc.
Anritsu Pte. Ltd.
Germany
Anritsu GmbH
60 Alexandra Terrace, #02-08, The Comtech (Lobby A) Singapore 118502 Phone: +65-6282-2400 Fax: +65-6282-2533
7F, No. 316, Sec. 1, Neihu Rd., Taipei 114, Taiwan Phone: +886-2-8751-1816 Fax: +886-2-8751-1817
Nemetschek Haus, Konrad-Zuse-Platz 1 81829 Mnchen, Germany Phone: +49-89-442308-0 Fax: +49-89-442308-55
Please Contact:
071001
No. MG3700A-E-F-11-(3.00)
Printed in Japan
2008-1
AKD

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Application Note

Application Note Application Anritsu

January 2008 (3.00)

This document presents

MATLAB usage examples.

Modulating signal m(t) Data

Baseband circuits Signal processor

Baseband signal g(t)

RF circuits Carrier circuits

Passband signal s(t) Modulated signal

Quadrature (IQ) technique

x(t)=R(t) cos(t) y(t)=R(t) sin(t)

v(t)=x(t) cos( ct) - y(t) sin( ct)

m(t)= sin(2mt) : Modulation depth m: Modulation freq.

Dp: Phase deviation [rad/V]

D: Frequency deviation [rad/Vs]

QM: Quadrature Modulation

Fundamental I/Q Constellation

Phase shift /2 [rad]

Angular velocity [rad/s]

Understanding Signal Pattern File

User-created I/Q data and Marker data

I/Q data range

I/Q output voltage

I/Q Data Range

78.27 dB 20 log10 81912

67.28 dB 20 log10 16342 + 1634 2 64.28 dB 20 log10 1157 2 + 1157 2

Margin for crest factor

Internal Pulse Modulator

Data File Size

Maximum of 256,000,000 sample 512,000,000 sample * with Option MG3700A-E-F-11

Programming Examples to Create I/Q Data File

Advanced programming languages

The example uses MATLAB, and shows the programmable M-files.

Modulation depth [%] = Vp / Ac

Phase shift /2 [rad]

Angular velocity [rad/s]

Modulating signal m(t)

1.5 1 Amplitude [V] 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 Amplitude [V] -1.5 t

s(t) 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5

1.5 1 Amplitude [V] 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 t

t = 0:DataPoints-1; I = 1+Depth*sin(2*pi*fm*t/DataPoints); Q = zeros(1,DataPoints); data = [I' Q']; csvwrite(CSVfile,data);

Modulating signal m(t)

1.5 1 Amplitude [V] 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5

t s(t) 1.5 1 Amplitude [V] 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5

1.5 1 Amplitude [V] 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 t

Ac: Carrier signal amplitude = 1 : Modulation index = /m : Peak frequency deviation

= cos[ sin(2mt)] = sin[ sin(2mt)]

t = 0:DataPoints-1; I = cos(Deviation/fm*sin(2*pi*fm*t/DataPoints)); Q = sin(Deviation/fm*sin(2*pi*fm*t/DataPoints)); data = [I' Q']; csvwrite(CSVfile,data);

Modulating signal m(t)

1.5 1 Amplitude [V] 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5

1.5 1 Amplitude [V] 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 t

Ac: Carrier signal amplitude = 1 Dp: Peak phase deviation

t = 0:DataPoints-1; I = cos(Deviation*sin(2*pi*fm*t/DataPoints)); Q = sin(Deviation*sin(2*pi*fm*t/DataPoints)); data = [I' Q']; csvwrite(CSVfile,data);

Pulses per burst, Burst length

Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example

(Continued on the next page)

Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example

RF gate flag I/Q

t = 0:DataPoints-1; I = 1+Depthsin(2pifmt/DataPoints); Q = zeros(1,DataPoints); data = [I' Q']; csvwrite(CSVfile,data);

t = 0:DataPoints-1; I = cos(Deviation/fmsin(2pifmt/DataPoints)); Q = sin(Deviation/fmsin(2pifmt/DataPoints)); data = [I' Q']; csvwrite(CSVfile,data);

t = 0:DataPoints-1; I = cos(Deviationsin(2pifmt/DataPoints)); Q = sin(Deviationsin(2pifmt/DataPoints)); data = [I' Q']; csvwrite(CSVfile,data);