GSM BASED DATA LOGGING SYSTEM

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION:
In a modern day-to-day life there exist a necessity of automation to reduce the human efforts and making the system more reliable and accurate. Most of the industrial and household applications require data sets that can able to track both temporal and spatial changes of physical parameters like temperature, speed, light intensity, water level/pressure etc. But the networks of recording instruments or instruments connected to commercially available data loggers can gather these data, but the cost of such networks is typically several thousands to tens of thousands of dollars and may require the development of software to interface between the data logger and a host computer. The high cost of these networks together with the risks of vandalism and theft associated with their deployment in remote locations prohibit their general use. To avoid such kind of demerits we are going to present a system which can be inexpensive, easy-to-build, microcontroller-based, GSM data logger system. The low cost of this system coupled with the increasing availability and decreasing cost of a wide variety of compatible sensors should enable more researchers and educators to systematically gather temporal and spatial data without the necessity of a large budget. Our system is based upon ATMEL controllers AT89S51 microcontroller, it can (1) Digitizes and records an analog voltage from a sensor at programmable sample periods of a few seconds to many hours. (2) Stores over 25 digital data values. (3) Logs data for a number of weeks or more with a power supply of max 12vDC easily available.

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Chapter 2 LITERATURE SURVEY:

We had done a survey on a data logger and fully motivated for making this data logger as the demand of automation and speed is increasing in a recent trends. In earlier systems, humans have collected data over hundreds of years ago, scientist takes the readings from instruments and written them in a log book together with current date and time, normally this type of recording was quite labour intensive. So it has been need to log the data from instruments and records them for a very long period of time, this has been come into exist by converting the parameters into a digital form with high sampling rates. 2.1) The first type of automated logger was the chart recorder, an instrument was connected to a pen that continuously left marks on a piece of a paper, thus resulting in a graph. Now also this system is working for measuring the readings through earthquake called as a vernier scale. 2.2) A first microprocessor come on the market, this development was a major step forward in the process of fully automatic data logging. It became possible to store the collected data in a digital form so a data logger was born. In this type of data logger a data is only used for storing purpose. 2.3) In early 1990s this stored data is now going to display on the meter ,this meter is then formed in LCD(liquid crystalline display) so the stored data is being continuously displayed. This display is placed in a monitoring room so that a necessary steps can be taken by the monitoring person. 2.4) After the invention of a cellular system, this logging system is again going to enhance its performance by the use of a GSM standard which can provide a coverage throughout the world, when any parameter exceeds its cutoff value then a SMS is send by receiving SMS the controller will come and take a necessary action and controls the parameters. But in this system only one or two parameters can sense by the sensors. But after the invention of a microcontroller we are going to use more sensors so that at one instant of time 4 or more parameters can be monitored and this makes a system more efficient, this will satisfies the demand of recent trends.

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As the sensing parameters are increased, applications are going to be increased which will help to make the industrial and household applications efficient. By surveying and observing the published papers on IEEE zone, we are going to make this system which is low cost than all the earlier design. For the implementation of this project we had done a survey on GIT, colleges water tank system and gathered the requirements, in which there is a 37,000 litres of water is placed at the basement and after a 600meter second tank of 35,000 litres is present. So, there is a need to make the cutoff level of water according to the size of the above given range, to make the system more suitable for both the tanks. According to this survey we will design our water level sensing system and other three sensors will be for another requirement. Monitoring field conditions is the foundation of modern agricultural management. In order to improve the efficiency of the data collection procedure, and to improve the precision with which agricultural operations are managed, it is necessary that we have an automated system that collects environmental data, especially to record long-term and up-to-the-minute environmental fluctuations. The purpose of this study was to design a remote pest monitoring system based on wireless communication technology. This system automatically reports environmental conditions and traps pest in real-time. The data we acquired was integrated into a database for census and further analysis. The system consists of two components, a remote monitoring platform (RMP) and a host control platform (HCP). [1] In this paper there is an integrated wireless SCADA system for monitoring & accessing the performance of remotely situated device parameter such as temperature, pressure, humidity on real time basis. For this we have used the infrastructure of the existing mobile network, which is based on GPRS technique Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) is a field of constant development and research. Wireless SCADA deals with the creation of an inexpensive, yet adaptable and easy to use SCADA device and infrastructure using the mobile telephone network, in particular, the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). The hardware components making up the device are relatively unsophisticated, yet the custom written software makes it re-programmable over the air, and able to provide a given SCADA application with the ability to send and receive control and data signals at any non predetermined time. GPRS is a packetbased radio service that enables always on connections, eliminating repetitive and
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time-consuming dial-up connections. It will also provide real throughput in excess of 40 Kbps, about the same speed as an excellent landline analog modem connection. The properly designed SCADA system saves time and money by eliminating the need of service personal to visit each site for inspection, data collection /logging or make adjustments. [2]

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Chapter 3 OVERVIEW:
Our data logging system is composed of two separate units, a logger and a GSM which work with a host mobile. The logger is circuit board with an 8-bit microcontroller chip (AT89S51, ATMEL controller Technology, Inc.) with a nonvolatile serial EEPROM memory, and supporting components . The logger converts an analog voltage signal from an external sensor into a digital value through ADC 0808 and stores the digital value in the loggers EEPROM memory at user-supplied sample periods. Virtually any sensor that produces an analog voltage signal from ground (Vss) to the positive supply (Vpp) can be connected to the logger. In our case, the approximate range is from 0 to 5 volts. The microcontrollers on-board analog-todigital converter produces an 8-bit digital value equal to the ratio between the analog signal and a voltage reference (minimum reference voltage is 3 volts). Thus the system can provide a theoretical resolution of approximately 0.5% (1/256). Power is supplied by a 6 V battery regulated to 5 V (7805A regulator). The reader enables communication between the logger and a mobile. Loggers memory chip initializes the logger at the beginning of data collection and retrieves data once sampling is completed. Typically, whenever the sensors value exceeds its cutoff value which is stored into 8951 through programming, then a signal is send to the GSM modem to send a SMS to the controller. These signals are send using AT commands by GSM, on response to the SMS controller will take an action to maintain the parameters in its cutoff range. We can also observe the sensors variation on computer by interfacing the controller to a PC through RS232 connection this PC is connected to a controller, if anyone wants to see at which interval the sensors exceed its value then by using a callback switch connected to EEPROM that values will get displayed on LCD screen which is generally a 2x16 line display.

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3.1 Block diagram:

Memory EEPROM

Sensors

ADC0808

uC 89S51

RS232 Convert er

GSM Modem

POWER, CLOCK and RESET

Figure 3.1: Block diagram of GSM based data logger

3.2 The overview of each component which are used in our system is as follows:
1 1 Sensors:

Temperature sensor: thermistor Speed sensor: tachogenerator Light intensity sensor: LDR (light dependent resistor). Water level sensor: potentiometer

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11

Microcontroller AT 89S51:

Figure 3.2: Pin diagram of AT 89S51 uC

The AT89S51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 4Kbytes of In-System Programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmels high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with In-System Programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S51 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications. The AT89S51 provides the following standard features: 4K bytes of Flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 bidirectional onchip I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, two 16-bit timer/counters,

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a five vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port,

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ADC 0808:

Figure 3.3: Pin diagram of ADC 0808

The ADC0808, ADC0809 data acquisition component is a monolithic CMOS device with an 8-bit analog-to-digital converter, 8-channel multiplexer and microprocessor compatible control logic. The 8-bit A/D converter uses successive approximation as the conversion technique. The converter features a high impedance chopper stabilized comparator, a 256R voltage divider with analog switch tree and a successive approximation register. The 8-channel multiplexer can directly access any of 8-single-ended analog signals. 11 EEPROM :

Figure 3.4: pin diagram of EEPROM IC 24C01

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The Turbo IC 24C01/24C02 is a serial 1K/2K EEPROM fabricated with Turbos proprietary, high reliability, high performance CMOS technology. Its 1K/2K of memory is organized as 128/256 x 8 bits. The memory is configured as 16/32 pages with each page containing 8 bytes. This device offers significant advantages in low power applications. The Turbo IC 24C01/24C02 uses the IC addressing protocol and 2-wire serial interface which includes a bidirectional serial data bus synchronized by a clock. 11 Max232 IC:

Figure 3.5: Pin diagram of max232 IC

The MAX232 device is a dual driver/receiver that includes a capacitive voltage generator to supply EIA-232 voltage levels from a single 5-V supply. Each receiver converts EIA-232 inputs to 5-V TTL/CMOS levels. Each driver converts TTL/CMOS input levels into EIA-232 levels. A max232 chip is used to do the level shifting and this chip is required to send data serially to a PC which requires voltage levels as per RS232 standard. 11 GSM modem:

Figure 3.6: GSM modem

The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. It is the European standard for digital cellular service that includes enhanced features. It is based on TDMA
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technology and is used on 850/1900 MHz. This is a powerful GSM/GPRS Terminal with compact and self-contained unit. This has standard connector interfaces and has an integral SIM card reader. FEATURES: 11 ME + SIM phone book management read/write/find, call screening. Real Time Clock Audio control Fixed dialing number UCS2 16 bit data supported. Serial communication using RS-232 connector:

Figure 3.7: RS-232 connector

The most popular serial communications standard in use is certainly the EIA/TIA232E specification. This standard, which has been developed by the Electronic Industry Association and the Telecommunications Industry Association (EIA/TIA), is more popularly referred to simply as RS232 where RS stands for recommended standard. For RS232 communication, a low level (3 to 15 )volts) is defined as a logic 1 and likewise a high level (+3 to +15 volts) is defined as a logic 0.MODEM applications are one of the most popular application of RS 232 std.

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Chapter 4 RELEVANCE:
As the system is developed, it focuses on stand-alone data loggers with the logging capabilities of the Building Automation System in the context of use by a building commissioning provider. It also provides tips and advice on specific procedures and techniques on that will enable the efficient and effective use of data loggers to analyze building performance. The below points at which places our system is applicable and perfectly suit which results in a best applications of todays world as follows: 4.1 Data loggers are used extensively to monitor stream temperatures : to ensure they remain suitable for fish and other aquatic species. By deploying data loggers at multiple locations in streams, it is possible to identify factors contributing to stream temperature increases, and hopefully take appropriate measures before there is damage to the ecosystem. Mounting considerations:

Choose a location with good water mixing, such as in riffles; avoid stagnant water unless that is what is being studied. Be sure the sensor will remain completely submerged. To avoid solar heating of the temperature sensor, it should either be shaded (such as by canopy cover), or sufficiently deep in the water. The sensor should not touch the bottom or any other large thermal mass. The communications end of the logger should be free so the logger can be read out while deployed. Be sure to mark the location in some way so that you will be able to find the water temperature logger.

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4.2 Real-time water level monitoring: The water level sensor with an analog output provides a solution to remotely monitor water levels and access digital data via ADC0808. This system can also send notifications when critical water levels are reached. Typical applications include monitoring wells, groundwater, surface water, storm water and storm surges. 4.3 Monitoring the light intensity: Using this technique our system monitors the intensity of light and with changes in the intensity of light the output changes this is applicable in many industrial and college applications for automatically switching ON and OFF the lights. 4.4 Speed controller: It is possible to mount the tachogenerator on a system to control the speed e.g. in a rotor of vehicles or in a variable counter. It is applicable in a hydroelectric power station to measure the speed of turbine, if we want to decrease the speed of a turbine then the flow of water have to be decreased.

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Chapter 5 PROBLEM STATEMENT (OBJECTIVE):

The main objective of this project is to make the system fully automatic, so that it can be accessible to any place where, the monitor or controller is situated. By involving the use of GSM technology it is possible because the ubiquitary of its standard makes international roaming very common between mobile phone operators, enabling subscribers to use their phones in many parts of the world. A PC which is connected to the micro-controller using a serial communication through RS232 can be used for monitoring and transmission of the control signals to the modem. The monitoring is also done by interfacing a LCD to the microcontroller. AT commands can be used for controlling the functionality of modem. This system is fully compatible, as GSM technology can accept any GSM operators SIM and makes the system fully global and there is not a possibility of hacking the data, and if we want to store the data for long statistics we can increase the size of the memory or can change the memory of same time.

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Chapter 6 PRACTICE THEORY AND METHODOLOGY:

1) The first important thing is to do a survey on relevant topics of our project. 2) After doing the survey, the next step is to find what the requirements of our project are. 3) After that, to use Tina software for simulation of the system, 4) Then, for programming the microcontroller IC, i.e.89S51, assembly language programming/embedded C language will be used. 5) The next step is to use eagle layout editor and express PCB software for designing the layout of circuit design. 6) After that, there will be mounting and soldering of all the necessary components. 7) Then, for the serial interfacing of our system to the pc(computer), the need is to use a visual basic software for the implementation of readings through statistical graphs. 8) For configuring GSM modem, we will use the hyper terminal connection of pc (computer) and by using AT commands. E.g.: AT+CMGS: This command is used for sending the SMS. 9) Last step is to assemble all the system components and check the results.

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Chapter 7

SUMMARY:
SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES: MONTH OF WORK
JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER

ACTIVITIES
Searching the project on internet Surveying and finalizing the project Gathering the data and literature Literature studying and synopsis preparation Presentation and facing project vivas
Table 7.1: Sem VIIth activities

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References:
Websites:
http://www.electronics-tutorials.com/basics/power-supply.html http://www.analog.com/library/analogDialogue/archives/3308/adc/ind ex.html
http://www.mitedu.freeserve.co.uk/Design/design.html

http://www.channel1.com/users/analog/techniq.html

Books:
A reference book by Mohd.ali mazidi. A reference text by Ramesh gaonkar. Electronic materials and components by K.S. Patil.

Papers:
[1] A GSM-based remote wireless automatic monitoring system for field information: A case study for ecological monitoring of the oriental fruit fly by Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan on 7 january 2008. [2] Remote Data Acquisition Using Wireless - Scada System by Dr. Aditya Goel Department of Electronics And Communication Engineering M.A.N.I.T.(Deemed University),Bhopal,INDIA.

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